thyroxine has been researched along with Intellectual Disability in 93 studies
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.
thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.
Intellectual Disability: Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " It is unknown whether levothyroxine treatment of women who are identified as having subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy improves cognitive function in their children." | 9.24 | Treatment of Subclinical Hypothyroidism or Hypothyroxinemia in Pregnancy. ( Caritis, SN; Casey, BM; Hirtz, DG; Iams, JD; Mercer, BM; Peaceman, AM; Reddy, UM; Rouse, DJ; Saade, G; Sibai, B; Sorokin, Y; Thom, EA; Thorp, JM; Tita, AT; Tolosa, J; VanDorsten, JP; Varner, MW; Wapner, RJ, 2017) |
| " When the intake is restricted, physiological adaptation is progressively replaced by pathological alterations, in parallel with the degree of iodine deprivation, leading to excessive glandular stimulation, hypothyroxinemia, and goiter formation." | 8.82 | Feto-maternal repercussions of iodine deficiency during pregnancy. An update. ( Glinoer, D, 2003) |
| " It is unknown whether levothyroxine treatment of women who are identified as having subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy improves cognitive function in their children." | 5.24 | Treatment of Subclinical Hypothyroidism or Hypothyroxinemia in Pregnancy. ( Caritis, SN; Casey, BM; Hirtz, DG; Iams, JD; Mercer, BM; Peaceman, AM; Reddy, UM; Rouse, DJ; Saade, G; Sibai, B; Sorokin, Y; Thom, EA; Thorp, JM; Tita, AT; Tolosa, J; VanDorsten, JP; Varner, MW; Wapner, RJ, 2017) |
| "Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy seriously influences fetal brain development and in the worst case induces cretinism." | 4.86 | [Iodine deficiency in infancy - a risk for cognitive development]. ( Gärtner, R; Johner, SA; Kriener, E; Remer, T; Thamm, M, 2010) |
| " When the intake is restricted, physiological adaptation is progressively replaced by pathological alterations, in parallel with the degree of iodine deprivation, leading to excessive glandular stimulation, hypothyroxinemia, and goiter formation." | 4.82 | Feto-maternal repercussions of iodine deficiency during pregnancy. An update. ( Glinoer, D, 2003) |
| " Iodine deficiency is particularly important in pregnancy as the fetus relies on maternal thyroxine (T4) exclusively during the first 14 weeks and also throughout gestation." | 3.81 | The importance of iodine in public health. ( Lazarus, JH, 2015) |
| "Maternal hypothyroidism and/or hypothyroxinemia have been associated with child's poor neuropsychological development, but the results have been inconsistent." | 3.81 | Maternal and Child's Thyroid Function and Child's Intellect and Scholastic Performance. ( Bloigu, A; Hartikainen, AL; Järvelin, MR; Männistö, T; Moilanen, I; Päkkilä, F; Ruokonen, A; Surcel, HM; Suvanto, E; Vääräsmäki, M, 2015) |
| " Fourteen of the hypothyroid mothers had been diagnosed and treated before and during pregnancy on a dosage of thyroxine that was unchanged." | 3.72 | The sequelae of untreated maternal hypothyroidism. ( Klein, RZ; Mitchell, ML, 2004) |
| "In analyses adjusted for gestational age, infants with severe hypothyroxinemia had a risk of disabling cerebral palsy that was nearly 11 times that of infants without hypothyroxinemia (odds ratio, 10." | 3.69 | The relation of transient hypothyroxinemia in preterm infants to neurologic development at two years of age. ( Lorenz, JM; Paneth, N; Pinto-Martin, JA; Reuss, ML; Susser, M, 1996) |
| "Endemic cretinism is still present in an endemic goiter area of the central Apennines (Montefeltro) (goiter prevalence 55%; mean urinary iodine level 39 micrograms/g creatinine)." | 3.68 | Clinical picture of endemic cretinism in central Apennines (Montefeltro). ( Andreani, M; Antonelli, A; Baschieri, L; Bertoni, F; Donati, L; Filippi, T; Gasperini, L; Moscogiuri, D; Neri, S; Venturi, S, 1992) |
| "In developing country like ours if treatment of hypothyroidism can be started even by 6 months of age considerable brain function can be salvaged so that they can attain a self supportive life." | 2.68 | Treating congenital hypothyroidism: maximum age limit up to which a socially compatible child is expected. ( Chakrabartty, S; Kundu, R, 1996) |
| " Serum free T(4) and TSH should be checked at intervals frequent enough to ensure timely adjustment of l-T(4) dosing and to keep serum free T(4) and TSH levels in target ranges." | 2.47 | Approach to the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hypothyroidism. ( LaFranchi, SH, 2011) |
| "Hypothyroidism and depression have many symptoms in common." | 2.44 | [Interactions between brain, psyche and thyroid]. ( Dietlein, M; Huff, W; Kobe, C; Schicha, H; Schmidt, M, 2008) |
| "Severe mental retardation of the child can occur due to compromised iodine intake or thyroid disease." | 2.43 | Thyroid hormones and fetal brain development. ( Franklyn, JA; Kilby, MD; Pemberton, HN, 2005) |
| "Congenital hypothyroidism is a common preventable cause of mental retardation." | 2.40 | Congenital hypothyroidism: etiologies, diagnosis, and management. ( LaFranchi, S, 1999) |
| "Thyroid hormone levels may affect intellectual disability in children." | 1.91 | Alterations of Thyroid Hormone Levels in Children with Intellectual Disability. ( Su, M; Wang, D; Wang, XN; Ye, J; Zhao, Z, 2023) |
| "Congenital hypothyroidism is the most treatable cause of mental retardation." | 1.51 | Late Diagnosis of Congenital Hypothyroidism in Young Adult. ( Pramono, LA; Yuwono, A, 2019) |
| "We present the case of a patient with mental retardation and hypothyroidism whose diagnosis was made in adulthood." | 1.39 | [Congenital hypothyroidism secondary to thyroid hypoplasia detected in adulthood]. ( Gazzi, C; Monti, P; Rajuan, S; Rimoldi, D; Roveto, S, 2013) |
| "The prevalence of unrecognized primary hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism was 5·2% and 2·8%, respectively." | 1.37 | Thyroid status in a large cohort of patients with mental retardation: the TOP-R (Thyroid Origin of Psychomotor Retardation) study. ( de Rijke, YB; van Toor, H; Visser, TJ; Visser, WE, 2011) |
| "Tachycardia was abated (84 beats/min), weight gain was 3 kg in 1 yr, and SHBG was 102 nmol/liter." | 1.35 | Beneficial effects of propylthiouracil plus L-thyroxine treatment in a patient with a mutation in MCT8. ( d'Herbomez, M; Gottrand, F; Jansen, J; Ladsous, M; Pigeyre, M; Proust-Lemoine, E; Visser, TJ; Wémeau, JL, 2008) |
| "The frequency of SH in children with neurological disorders was of 7." | 1.32 | [Frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism among healthy children and those with neurological conditions in the state of Mérida, Venezuela]. ( Arata-Bellabarba, G; Arias-Ferreira, A; Bianchi, G; Jiménez-López, V; Mamán-Alvarado, D; Paoli-Valeri, M, 2003) |
| " These patients were treated with thyroid gland desiccant, with a dosage equivalent to L-thyroxin 5-7." | 1.29 | Experience in neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism. ( Cao, QX; Zhang, YQ, 1993) |
| "Congenital hypothyroidism is a preventable cause of mental retardation." | 1.28 | Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Pakistan. ( Akber, M; Khurshid, M; Lakhani, M; Naqvi, SH, 1989) |
| "Congenital hypothyroidism is a common but preventable cause of mental retardation." | 1.27 | Congenital hypothyroidism: diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. ( Abdallah, A; Postellon, DC, 1986) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 39 (41.94) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 15 (16.13) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 22 (23.66) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 16 (17.20) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1 (1.08) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Zhao, Z | 1 |
| Su, M | 1 |
| Wang, D | 1 |
| Ye, J | 1 |
| Wang, XN | 1 |
| Pramono, LA | 1 |
| Yuwono, A | 1 |
| Cielonko, L | 1 |
| Hamby, T | 1 |
| Dallas, JS | 1 |
| Hamilton, L | 1 |
| Wilson, DP | 1 |
| Monti, P | 1 |
| Roveto, S | 1 |
| Rajuan, S | 1 |
| Gazzi, C | 1 |
| Rimoldi, D | 1 |
| Ibekwe, MU | 1 |
| Ibekwe, RC | 1 |
| Okolo, AA | 1 |
| Cheetham, TD | 1 |
| López-Marín, L | 1 |
| Martín-Belinchón, M | 1 |
| Gutiérrez-Solana, LG | 1 |
| Morte-Molina, B | 1 |
| Duat-Rodríguez, A | 1 |
| Bernal, J | 1 |
| Ford, G | 1 |
| LaFranchi, SH | 2 |
| Lazarus, JH | 2 |
| Grau, G | 1 |
| Aguayo, A | 1 |
| Vela, A | 1 |
| Aniel-Quiroga, A | 1 |
| Espada, M | 1 |
| Miranda, G | 1 |
| Martinez-Indart, L | 1 |
| Martul, P | 1 |
| Castaño, L | 1 |
| Rica, I | 1 |
| Päkkilä, F | 1 |
| Männistö, T | 1 |
| Hartikainen, AL | 1 |
| Ruokonen, A | 1 |
| Surcel, HM | 1 |
| Bloigu, A | 1 |
| Vääräsmäki, M | 1 |
| Järvelin, MR | 1 |
| Moilanen, I | 1 |
| Suvanto, E | 1 |
| Casey, BM | 1 |
| Thom, EA | 1 |
| Peaceman, AM | 1 |
| Varner, MW | 1 |
| Sorokin, Y | 1 |
| Hirtz, DG | 1 |
| Reddy, UM | 1 |
| Wapner, RJ | 1 |
| Thorp, JM | 1 |
| Saade, G | 1 |
| Tita, AT | 1 |
| Rouse, DJ | 1 |
| Sibai, B | 1 |
| Iams, JD | 1 |
| Mercer, BM | 1 |
| Tolosa, J | 1 |
| Caritis, SN | 1 |
| VanDorsten, JP | 1 |
| Schmidt, M | 1 |
| Huff, W | 1 |
| Dietlein, M | 1 |
| Kobe, C | 1 |
| Schicha, H | 1 |
| MOURIQUAND, G | 2 |
| COISNARD, J | 1 |
| EDEL, Y | 1 |
| Remer, T | 1 |
| Johner, SA | 1 |
| Gärtner, R | 1 |
| Thamm, M | 1 |
| Kriener, E | 1 |
| Visser, WE | 1 |
| de Rijke, YB | 1 |
| van Toor, H | 1 |
| Visser, TJ | 2 |
| Teng, W | 1 |
| Shan, Z | 1 |
| Behrooz, HG | 1 |
| Tohidi, M | 1 |
| Mehrabi, Y | 1 |
| Behrooz, EG | 1 |
| Tehranidoost, M | 1 |
| Azizi, F | 1 |
| Bestwick, JP | 1 |
| Channon, S | 1 |
| Paradice, R | 1 |
| Maina, A | 1 |
| Rees, R | 1 |
| Chiusano, E | 1 |
| John, R | 1 |
| Guaraldo, V | 1 |
| George, LM | 1 |
| Perona, M | 1 |
| Dall'Amico, D | 1 |
| Parkes, AB | 1 |
| Joomun, M | 1 |
| Wald, NJ | 1 |
| Glinoer, D | 2 |
| Morreale de Escobar, G | 3 |
| Fliers, E | 1 |
| Wiersinga, WM | 1 |
| Al Shaikh, HA | 1 |
| Bappal, B | 1 |
| Nair, R | 1 |
| Al Khusaiby, S | 1 |
| EDEL, V | 1 |
| SCHACHTER, M | 1 |
| TUSQUES, J | 1 |
| HOOFT, C | 1 |
| VERMASSEN, A | 1 |
| BLANCQUAERT, A | 1 |
| FISHER, DA | 2 |
| Paoli-Valeri, M | 1 |
| Mamán-Alvarado, D | 1 |
| Jiménez-López, V | 1 |
| Arias-Ferreira, A | 1 |
| Bianchi, G | 1 |
| Arata-Bellabarba, G | 1 |
| Mitchell, ML | 3 |
| Klein, RZ | 3 |
| Wu, XY | 1 |
| Wang, H | 1 |
| Huang, DM | 1 |
| Lei, HX | 1 |
| Hu, R | 1 |
| Ma, L | 1 |
| Zou, SJ | 1 |
| Yu, H | 1 |
| Semenova, NB | 1 |
| Manchuk, VT | 1 |
| Pemberton, HN | 1 |
| Franklyn, JA | 1 |
| Kilby, MD | 1 |
| Vasil'eva, EM | 1 |
| Shor, TA | 1 |
| Poddubnaia, AE | 1 |
| Büyükgebiz, A | 2 |
| Herzovich, V | 1 |
| Vaiani, E | 1 |
| Marino, R | 1 |
| Dratler, G | 1 |
| Lazzati, JM | 1 |
| Tilitzky, S | 1 |
| Ramirez, P | 1 |
| Iorcansky, S | 1 |
| Rivarola, MA | 1 |
| Belgorosky, A | 1 |
| Wémeau, JL | 1 |
| Pigeyre, M | 1 |
| Proust-Lemoine, E | 1 |
| d'Herbomez, M | 1 |
| Gottrand, F | 1 |
| Jansen, J | 1 |
| Ladsous, M | 1 |
| Suzuki, T | 1 |
| Abe, T | 1 |
| Postellon, DC | 3 |
| Lyon, IC | 1 |
| Brook, CG | 1 |
| Hulse, A | 1 |
| Levy, HL | 1 |
| Zack, BG | 1 |
| Moltz, KC | 1 |
| Liu, H | 1 |
| Momotani, N | 1 |
| Noh, JY | 1 |
| Ishikawa, N | 1 |
| Takebe, K | 1 |
| Ito, K | 1 |
| Zhang, YQ | 1 |
| Cao, QX | 1 |
| Reuss, ML | 1 |
| Paneth, N | 1 |
| Pinto-Martin, JA | 1 |
| Lorenz, JM | 1 |
| Susser, M | 1 |
| Vulsma, T | 1 |
| Kok, JH | 1 |
| Kundu, R | 1 |
| Chakrabartty, S | 1 |
| Delange, F | 4 |
| Van Vliet, G | 1 |
| LaFranchi, S | 1 |
| Mahendran, R | 1 |
| Obregón, MJ | 2 |
| Escobar del Rey, F | 2 |
| Kanavin, OJ | 1 |
| Aaseth, J | 1 |
| Birketvedt, GS | 1 |
| de Benoist, B | 1 |
| Pretell, E | 1 |
| Dunn, JT | 1 |
| Mehrotra, P | 1 |
| Chandra, M | 1 |
| Mitra, MK | 1 |
| Cunningham, RD | 1 |
| Hahn, HB | 1 |
| Leisti, S | 1 |
| Iivanainen, M | 1 |
| Vigi, V | 1 |
| Pinca, A | 1 |
| Guerrini, P | 1 |
| Scappaticci, S | 1 |
| Volpato, S | 1 |
| Ruppert, G | 1 |
| Man, EB | 3 |
| Serunian, SA | 1 |
| Donati, L | 1 |
| Antonelli, A | 1 |
| Bertoni, F | 1 |
| Moscogiuri, D | 1 |
| Andreani, M | 1 |
| Venturi, S | 1 |
| Filippi, T | 1 |
| Gasperini, L | 1 |
| Neri, S | 1 |
| Baschieri, L | 1 |
| Andler, W | 1 |
| Heüveldop, A | 1 |
| Polichronidou, T | 1 |
| Chen, GW | 1 |
| Huang, HS | 1 |
| Wang, PW | 1 |
| Lin, JD | 1 |
| Huang, BY | 1 |
| Huang, MJ | 1 |
| Jancar, J | 1 |
| Lakhani, M | 1 |
| Khurshid, M | 1 |
| Naqvi, SH | 1 |
| Akber, M | 1 |
| Virtanen, M | 1 |
| Santavuori, P | 1 |
| Hirvonen, E | 1 |
| Perheentupa, J | 1 |
| Abdallah, A | 1 |
| Glorieux, J | 1 |
| Desjardins, M | 1 |
| Letarte, J | 1 |
| Morissette, J | 1 |
| Dussault, JH | 1 |
| Chanowitz, J | 1 |
| Ellman, G | 1 |
| Silverstein, CI | 1 |
| Zingarelli, G | 1 |
| Ganger, E | 1 |
| Angel, M | 1 |
| López-Moreiras, N | 1 |
| Cabrer, J | 1 |
| Recasens, A | 1 |
| Jones, WS | 1 |
| Holden, RH | 1 |
| Mellits, ED | 1 |
| Thomson, JA | 1 |
| Meredith, EM | 1 |
| Baird, SG | 1 |
| McAinsh, WR | 1 |
| Hutchison, JH | 1 |
| Greig, WR | 1 |
| Shenkman, L | 1 |
| Medeiros-Neto, GA | 1 |
| Mitsuma, T | 1 |
| Monteiro, K | 1 |
| Penna, M | 1 |
| Pupo, AA | 1 |
| Hollander, CS | 1 |
| Hollingsworth, DR | 1 |
| McKean, HE | 1 |
| Roeckel, I | 1 |
| Marescotti, V | 1 |
| Saba, P | 1 |
| Pariante, F | 1 |
| Galeone, F | 1 |
| Laron, Z | 1 |
| Karp, M | 1 |
| Dolberg, L | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Randomized Trial of Thyroxine Therapy for Subclinical Hypothyroidism or Hypothyroxinemia Diagnosed During Pregnancy[NCT00388297] | Phase 3 | 1,203 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Randomized Thyroid Screening Protocol During Pregnancy: a Multi-center Prospective Controlled Study[NCT01838031] | 1,000 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2011-09-30 | Completed | |||
| The Effect of Perinatal Stress on the Development of Preterm Infants[NCT02623400] | 200 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2016-07-31 | Recruiting | |||
| Transient Hypothyroxinemia of Prematurity: Electrophysiological Changes in the Preterm Infants' Brain, a Retrospective Study[NCT03493113] | 87 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2011-10-31 | Completed | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
The Conners' Rating Scales-Revised were used to assess attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A T score of 45 to 55 is considered to be typical or average; a T score of 44 or less is not a concern, a T score of 56 to 60 is considered to be a borderline score, and a T score of 61 or higher indicates a possible or clinically significant problem. (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: 48 months of age
| Intervention | T-score (Median) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 48 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 49 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 50 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 49 |
"Overall general conceptual ability score as measured by the DAS-II at 36 months of age.~GCA General Conceptual Ability Classification ≥ 130 Very high 120-129 High 110-119 Above average 90-109 Average 80-89 Below average 70-79 Low~≤ 69 Very low" (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: 36 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Median) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 90 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 90 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 90 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 89 |
A patient is considered to have gestational diabetes if clinically diagnosed with class A1 or A2 (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: During pregnancy until delivery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 25 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 22 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 21 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 24 |
Birth weight < 10th percentile (gestational age z score) (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: Delivery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 33 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 27 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 23 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 20 |
"The primary outcome was death or IQ score at 5 years of age (or at 3 years of age if the 5-year examination was missing). The full-scale IQ was assessed with the use of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence III (WPPSI-III) at 5 years of age or the overall (general conceptual ability) score from the Differential Ability Scales-II at 3 years of age if the WPPSI-III score was not available. Results are expressed as an age-standardized score, with an expected population mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. Death before 3 years of age was assigned a score of 0 (lowest possible rank) and was included in the estimation of the median.~For Quotient and Composite score:~below 70 is Extremely Low, 70-79 is Borderline, 80-89 is Low Average, 90-109 is Average, 110-119 is High Average, 120-129 is Superior, 130+" (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: 60 months of age
| Intervention | score on a scale (Median) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 97 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 94 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 94 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 91 |
Neonatal head circumference measured within 24 hours of birth. This measurement is included based on a report showing that maternal treatment with thyroxine for overt hypothyroidism was associated with reduced head circumference in the newborn infant (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: Within 24 hours of birth
| Intervention | centimeters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 33.9 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 33.9 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 33.9 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 34.2 |
Median number of days in the hospital nursery (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: Through hospital discharge
| Intervention | days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 2 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 2 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 2 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 2 |
Admission to NICU (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: Delivery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 29 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 21 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 31 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 31 |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is defined as the need for supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks corrected age, for babies born <34 weeks by project gestational age only (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: Through 72 hours post delivery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 0 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 1 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 0 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 1 |
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is defined by the following: the unequivocal presence of intramural air on abdominal x-ray, perforation seen on abdominal x-ray, clinical evidence as suggested by erythema and induration of the abdominal wall, or intra-abdominal abscess formation, or stricture formation observed at surgery or autopsy following an episode of suspected NEC. The condition is classified based on the Bell staging system (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: Delivery within 2 weeks of birth
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 1 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 1 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 2 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 0 |
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) will be defined based on a clinical diagnosis of RDS Type I and oxygen therapy (FiO2 ≥ 0.40) for greater than or equal to 24 hours. For infants dying before 24 hours of age, a clinical diagnosis of RDS Type I and oxygen therapy (FiO2 ≥ 0.40) are sufficient. (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: Delivery and greater than or equal to 24 hours
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 9 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 6 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 4 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 5 |
oxygen therapy (FiO2 ≥ 0.40) for greater than or equal to 24 hours (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: 72 hours post delivery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 11 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 11 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 13 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 12 |
This diagnosis will be reached when an ophthalmologic examination of the retina has been performed and ROP is diagnosed at Stage I (demarcation line in the retina) or greater (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: Through 72 hours of birth
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 1 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 0 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 0 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 0 |
Fetal and neonatal death (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: Through 72 hours post delivery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 0 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 1 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 1 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 1 |
Stillbirth or miscarriage. (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: Delivery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 4 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 7 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 2 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 5 |
The composite neonatal outcome was defined as periventricular leukomalacia, intraventricular hemorrhage of grade III or IV, necrotizing enterocolitis (stage ≥II), severe retinopathy of prematurity (stage ≥III), the severe respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, neonatal death, stillbirth, or serious infectious complication. (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: Within 72 hours of delivery.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 7 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 12 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 5 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 7 |
Gestational hypertension defined as patient having a diastolic ≥ 90 during pregnancy without proteinuria (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: During pregnancy and until delivery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 33 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 36 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 20 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 24 |
Clinically significant placental abruption will be determined by centralized (blinded) chart review (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: Duration of pregnancy, delivery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 1 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 5 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 3 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 2 |
Preeclampsia defined as patient having a diastolic ≥ 90 during pregnancy with at least 1 + proteinuria. Preeclampsia will also include HELLP syndrome or eclampsia. (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: Duration of pregnancy, Delivery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 22 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 20 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 9 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 11 |
"Standardized full-scale IQ scores from the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence III (WPPSI-III) at 5 years of age. Quotient and Composite scores have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. Subtest scaled scores have a mean of 10 and a standard deviation of 3.~For Quotient and Composite score:~below 70 is Extremely Low, 70-79 is Borderline, 80-89 is Low Average, 90-109 is Average, 110-119 is High Average, 120-129 is Superior, 130+ is Very Superior." (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: 60 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Median) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 97 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 95 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 94 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 92 |
Gestational age at delivery and preterm birth < 37 weeks' gestation or < 34 weeks' gestation (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: Delivery
| Intervention | weeks (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 39.1 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 38.9 |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 39.0 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 38.8 |
Behavioral problems and social competencies at 36 and 60 months of age, as measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The CBCL is filled out by the caregiver. Each of the 100 questions indicates a behavior for which the caregiver scores as Not True (0), Sometimes True (1), or Often True (2). The scores for all the questions are then summed and evaluated against the normative data/T-scores. A Tscore of less than 60 is considered to be in the normal range. A T score of 60-63 is a borderline, and a T score of more than 63 is in the clinical range. Lower scores represent better outcomes. (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: 36 and 60 months of age
| Intervention | T-score (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| CBCL T score at 36 mo | CBCL T score at 60 mo | |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 48 | 45 |
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 46 | 44 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 48 | 43 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 46 | 44 |
"Cognitive and achievement levels from two DAS-II subtests (Recall of Digits Forward and Recognition of Pictures)~GCA General Conceptual Ability Classification ≥ 130 Very high 120-129 High 110-119 Above average 90-109 Average 80-89 Below average 70-79 Low~≤ 69 Very low" (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: 48 months of age
| Intervention | score on a scale (Median) | |
|---|---|---|
| Median Recall of Digits Forward Score | Median Recognition of Pictures Score | |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 91 | 84 |
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 84 | 74 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 74 | 74 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 84 | 74 |
Composite scores are derived for cognitive, language, and motor development and scaled to a metric, with a mean of 100, standard deviation of 15, and range of 40 to 160. Results can also be expressed as percentile ranks relative to the standardization sample, with a mean and median of 50 and range from 1 to 99 (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: 12 and 24 months of age
| Intervention | score on a scale (Median) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median 12 mo cognitive score | Median 12 mo motor score | Median 12 mo language score | Median 24 mo cognitive score | Median 24 mo motor score | Median 24 mo language score | |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 100 | 97 | 94 | 90 | 97 | 89 |
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 100 | 97 | 94 | 90 | 97 | 89 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 100 | 97 | 94 | 90 | 97 | 89 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 100 | 97 | 94 | 90 | 97 | 91 |
Apgar score < 4 at 1 minute and < 7 at 5 minutes (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: 1 minute and 5 minutes post delivery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Apgar < 4 at 1 minute | Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes | |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 6 | 2 |
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 6 | 2 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 7 | 4 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 7 | 3 |
Preterm delivery at less than 37 weeks or less than 34 weeks gestation (NCT00388297)
Timeframe: Delivery
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Preterm birth < 34 wk | Preterm birth < 37 wk | |
| Levothyroxine for Hypothyroxinemia | 10 | 31 |
| Levothyroxine for Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 9 | 31 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Hypothyroxinemia | 7 | 20 |
| Placebo for Levothyroxine - Subclinical Hypothyroidism | 10 | 37 |
25 reviews available for thyroxine and Intellectual Disability
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[MCT8-specific thyroid hormone cell transporter deficiency: a case report and review of the literature].
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Anticonvulsants; Biological Transport; Brain; Child, Preschool; Cord Blood | 2013 |
Screening for congenital hypothyroidism: a worldwide view of strategies.
Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Developing Countries; Humans; Incidence; Infant; I | 2014 |
[Interactions between brain, psyche and thyroid].
Topics: Cognition; Depression; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Intellectual Disability; Libido; Panic Disorder; Ris | 2008 |
[Iodine deficiency in infancy - a risk for cognitive development].
Topics: Breast Feeding; Child; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Female; Food, Organic; Germany; Goiter, Endemic; H | 2010 |
Approach to the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hypothyroidism.
Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating; Infant, Newborn; In | 2011 |
Feto-maternal repercussions of iodine deficiency during pregnancy. An update.
Topics: Diet; Female; Goiter; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Iodine; Nervous System Diseases; Pregnancy; P | 2003 |
Maternal hypothyroxinemia versus hypothyroidism and potential neurodevelopmental. Alterations of her offspring.
Topics: Brain; Cerebral Palsy; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Gestation | 2003 |
[An effect of iodine deficiency on neuromental development: a modern view on the problem].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Female; Fetal Development; Ge | 2005 |
Thyroid hormones and fetal brain development.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fetal Development; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetus; | 2005 |
Congenital hypothyroidism clinical aspects and late consequences.
Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Humans; Incidence; Intellectual Disability; Prevalence; Prognosis; Thyrox | 2003 |
Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism.
Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intellectual Disability; Iodine; Neonatal Screen | 2006 |
Thyroid hormone transporters in the brain.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Mammals; Memb | 2008 |
Diagnosis and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism.
Topics: Cholestyramine Resin; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; | 1983 |
Congenital hypothyroidism and mental development.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant; Infant, Newborn; | 1994 |
Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism: results and perspectives.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant; Infa | 1997 |
Neonatal hypothyroidism: treatment and outcome.
Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant, Newborn; Intellectual Disability; Neonata | 1999 |
Congenital hypothyroidism: etiologies, diagnosis, and management.
Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; DNA-Binding Proteins; Female; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Humans; Hyp | 1999 |
Maternal hypothyroidism and child development. A review.
Topics: Brain; Child; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Intellectual Disability; M | 1999 |
Is neuropsychological development related to maternal hypothyroidism or to maternal hypothyroxinemia?
Topics: Animals; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Humans; Hyp | 2000 |
Iodine deficiency as a cause of brain damage.
Topics: Brain Damage, Chronic; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intellectual Disability; Iodine; Pregnancy; | 2001 |
Iodine deficiency in the world: where do we stand at the turn of the century?
Topics: Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Intellectual Disability; Iodine; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy | 2001 |
Pregnancy and iodine.
Topics: Female; Goiter; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Iodine; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Nervous System Dis | 2001 |
Infantile hypothyroidism then and now: the results of neonatal screening.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intellectual Disability; I | 1985 |
Thyroid function in pregnancy and infancy. Maternal hypothyroxinemia and retardation of progeny.
Topics: Birth Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Goiter, Endemic; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroid | 1972 |
Radionuclide evaluation of thyroid disease in children.
Topics: Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Deafness; Diagnosis, Differential; Goiter | 1973 |
3 trials available for thyroxine and Intellectual Disability
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Treatment of Subclinical Hypothyroidism or Hypothyroxinemia in Pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypothyroidi | 2017 |
Antenatal thyroid screening and childhood cognitive function.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Intellectual Disability; Intellig | 2012 |
Treating congenital hypothyroidism: maximum age limit up to which a socially compatible child is expected.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Age Factors; Child, Preschool; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Female; Follow | 1996 |
65 other studies available for thyroxine and Intellectual Disability
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Alterations of Thyroid Hormone Levels in Children with Intellectual Disability.
Topics: Child; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroxine; Triiodo | 2023 |
Late Diagnosis of Congenital Hypothyroidism in Young Adult.
Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Delayed Diagnosis; Female; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Thyroxine; Yo | 2019 |
Provider variability in the initial diagnosis and treatment of congenital hypothyroidism.
Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Early Diagnosis; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intellectu | 2017 |
[Congenital hypothyroidism secondary to thyroid hypoplasia detected in adulthood].
Topics: Aged; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Delayed Diagnosis; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Intellectual Disa | 2013 |
Screening for hypothyroidism in schools for children with learning difficulties in Southeastern Nigeria.
Topics: Adolescent; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Intellect | 2013 |
The importance of iodine in public health.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hyperthyroxinemia; Hypothyroidism; Intellectual Disability; | 2015 |
Normal intellectual development in children born from women with hypothyroxinemia during their pregnancy.
Topics: Child; Child Development; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant; Intellectual | 2015 |
Maternal and Child's Thyroid Function and Child's Intellect and Scholastic Performance.
Topics: Achievement; Adolescent; Adult; Autoantibodies; Child; Child Development; Cohort Studies; Female; Fi | 2015 |
Mongolism and vestibular chronological indices; action of thyroxine.
Topics: Animals; Asian People; Gerbillinae; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Thyroxine | 1947 |
Thyroid status in a large cohort of patients with mental retardation: the TOP-R (Thyroid Origin of Psychomotor Retardation) study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Therapy, | 2011 |
Pregnancy and thyroid diseases in China.
Topics: China; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Intellectual Disability; Mandatory Testing; Practice Guidelin | 2011 |
Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy: intellectual development of offspring.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Cognition Disorders; Female; Human | 2011 |
[Screening pregnant women for hypothyroidism: as yet only in high risk groups].
Topics: Adult; Brain; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infa | 2003 |
A retrospective hospital-based study on congenital hypothyroidism in the Sultanate of Oman.
Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant; Intellectual Disabilit | 2003 |
[Hormone-vitamin medication; association of thyroxin and thiamin in mental and physical retardation].
Topics: Diet, Reducing; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Thiamine; Thyroxine; Vitamins | 1953 |
[Physical and mental development of a subject of congenital hypothyroidism after late therapy].
Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Intellectual Disability; Physical Examination; Th | 1953 |
[Prognosis and therapy of myxedematous retardation in the light of original experimental research on relations between the thyroid and development of the nervous system (with slides)].
Topics: Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Depressants; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Light; | 1953 |
OBSERVATIONS CONCERNING THE EVOLUTION OF THE CHRONIC FORM OF IDIOPATHIC HYPERCALCAEMIA IN CHILDREN.
Topics: Biological Phenomena; Blood Chemical Analysis; Calcium, Dietary; Child; Diet; Facial Expression; Gro | 1963 |
MANAGEMENT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM DURING INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD.
Topics: Adolescent; Alkaline Phosphatase; Antithyroid Agents; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Cholesterol; | 1964 |
[Frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism among healthy children and those with neurological conditions in the state of Mérida, Venezuela].
Topics: Autoantibodies; Child, Preschool; Comorbidity; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Humans; Hypothyro | 2003 |
The sequelae of untreated maternal hypothyroidism.
Topics: Female; Fetal Development; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Intellectual Disability; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; | 2004 |
[Screening for congenital hypothyroidism in 106 224 neonates in Hunan Province].
Topics: China; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intellectual Disability; Male; Ne | 2005 |
[Changes of the thyroid hormone status in children with cerebral palsy and other neurological pathology].
Topics: Age Factors; Birth Injuries; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Cystitis; Fema | 2005 |
Unexpected peripheral markers of thyroid function in a patient with a novel mutation of the MCT8 thyroid hormone transporter gene.
Topics: Age Determination by Skeleton; Biomarkers; Chromosomes, Human, X; Codon, Nonsense; Humans; Hyperthyr | 2007 |
Beneficial effects of propylthiouracil plus L-thyroxine treatment in a patient with a mutation in MCT8.
Topics: Adolescent; Antithyroid Agents; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Male; Monocarboxylic Acid Transport | 2008 |
Effects of neonatal screening for hypothyroidism: prevention of mental retardation by treatment before clinical manifestations. New England congenital hypothyroidism collaborative.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant; Infa | 1981 |
Screening for congenital hypothyroidism: a three year experience.
Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant, Newborn; Intellectual Disability; | 1984 |
Obesity: the fat child.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Diet, Re | 1980 |
Congenital hypothyroidism and neurological development.
Topics: Brain; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Humans; Hypothyroidism | 1983 |
The current status of newborn screening.
Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Blood Specimen Collection; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Humans; Hypothyroi | 1982 |
Hypothyroidism in childhood.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant; Infant, | 1981 |
Screening for congenital hypothyroidism.
Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intellectual Disability; | 1980 |
Maternal hypothyroidism during early pregnancy and intellectual development of the progeny.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Intellectual Disability; Intell | 1994 |
Experience in neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism.
Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Female; Fluoroimmunoassay; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant, Newborn; Intel | 1993 |
The relation of transient hypothyroxinemia in preterm infants to neurologic development at two years of age.
Topics: Cerebral Palsy; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant | 1996 |
The relation of transient hypothyroxinemia in preterm infants to neurologic development at two years of age.
Topics: Cerebral Palsy; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant | 1996 |
The relation of transient hypothyroxinemia in preterm infants to neurologic development at two years of age.
Topics: Cerebral Palsy; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant | 1996 |
The relation of transient hypothyroxinemia in preterm infants to neurologic development at two years of age.
Topics: Cerebral Palsy; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant | 1996 |
Prematurity-associated neurologic and developmental abnormalities and neonatal thyroid function.
Topics: Cerebral Palsy; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Intellectual Disability; Thyroxine | 1996 |
Hypomania in a patient with congenital familial hypothyroidism and mild mental retardation.
Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Intellectual Dis | 1999 |
Thyroid hypofunction in Down's syndrome: is it related to oxidative stress?
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Down Syndrome; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Intellectual Disability; | 2000 |
Kocher Debre Semelaigne syndrome: regression of pesudohypertrophy of muscles on thyroxine.
Topics: Child; Growth Disorders; Humans; Hypertrophy; Hypothyroidism; Intellectual Disability; Male; Muscles | 2002 |
Neonatal thyroid screening.
Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Fetal Blood; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intellectua | 1979 |
Congenital nongoitrous hypothyroidism.
Topics: Age Determination by Skeleton; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Diagnosis, Differential; Down Syndrome; Fe | 1975 |
Growth, hypothalamic function, and brain ventricle size in mentally retarded subjects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Age Determination by Skeleton; Cerebral Ventricles; | 1978 |
Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Europe. Report of the Newborn Committee of the European Thyroid Association.
Topics: Blood Specimen Collection; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Europe; Hematocrit; Humans; Hypothyroidism; In | 1979 |
Screening for congenital hypothyroidism.
Topics: Age Factors; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseas | 1977 |
Endocrine function and diagnostic problems in a prepubertal case of 48,XXYY.
Topics: Bone and Bones; Child, Preschool; DNA Replication; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Int | 1978 |
[Diagnosis and therapy of hypothyroidism].
Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Child, Preschool; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intellectual | 1978 |
Tyrosine deficiency and retardation.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intellectual Disability; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Phenylketo | 1978 |
Thyroid function in human pregnancy. IX. Development or retardation of 7-year-old progeny of hypothyroxinemic women.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bender-Gestalt Test; Birth Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hypot | 1976 |
Clinical picture of endemic cretinism in central Apennines (Montefeltro).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Female; Gait; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Intellectual Disabilit | 1992 |
[Endocrinologic disorders in deletion of chromosome 18].
Topics: Child, Preschool; Chromosome Deletion; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18; Dwarfism, Pituitary; Female; Gro | 1992 |
[Growth catch-up in the case of congenital hypothyroidism after delayed treatment--a case report].
Topics: Adolescent; Body Height; Bone Development; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Growth Disorders; Humans; Hypo | 1990 |
Thyroxine, osteoporosis and fractures in the mentally handicapped.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Fractures, Spontaneous; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Intellectual | 1990 |
Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Pakistan.
Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant, Newborn; Intellectual Disability; | 1989 |
Multivariate analysis of psychomotor development in congenital hypothyroidism.
Topics: Child Development; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Finland; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant; Intellectual | 1989 |
Congenital hypothyroidism: diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant; Inte | 1986 |
Maternal-fetal thyroid hormone relationships and the fetal brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Female; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Pregnan | 1988 |
Useful parameters to predict the eventual mental outcome of hypothyroid children.
Topics: Bone Development; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Infant; Intellectual Disability; | 1988 |
Thyroid and vitamin-mineral supplement fail to improve IQ of mentally retarded adults.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Intelligence; Pyridoxine; Thyroxine; Trace Elements; Vitamin | 1985 |
[Thyroid function in adults with mental retardation].
Topics: Adult; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Female; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Male; Middle Aged; Thyroi | 1985 |
Thyroid function in human pregnancy. 8. Retardation of progeny aged 7 years; relationships to maternal age and maternal thyroid function.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Female; Gestational Age; Growth Disor | 1971 |
Raised free thyroxine values in patients with familial elevation of thyroxine binding globulin.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Protein Disorders; Child; Child, Preschool; Estrogens; Female; Genes, | 1972 |
Evidence for hypothyroidism in endemic cretinism in Brazil.
Topics: Adult; Body Height; Brazil; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Deafness; Disease Reservoirs; Female; Goiter, | 1973 |
Goiter, immunological observations, and thyroid function tests in Down syndrome.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Autoantibodies; Child; Down Syndrome; Erythrocytes; Female; Goiter; Graves Diseas | 1974 |
[Multiendocrine changes in patients with neurological lesions].
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adult; Circadian Rhythm; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Intellectual Disability; Iodine; Mi | 1973 |
Juvenile hypothyroidism with testicular enlargement.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biopsy; Bone Development; Child; Child, Preschool; Gonadotropins; Humans; Hypothy | 1970 |