Refeeding Syndrome

A condition of metabolic imbalance that is caused by complications of initially feeding a severely malnourished patient too aggressively. Usually occurring within the first 5 days of refeeding, this syndrome is characterized by WATER-ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS; and DIARRHEA.

Synonym
Refeeding Syndrome

Excerpt	Reference
"Refeeding syndrome is an important, yet commonly overlooked condition affecting patients."	( Mehanna, H; Moledina, J; Nankivell, PC; Travis, J, 2009)
"Refeeding syndrome is potentially fatal, yet is preventable."	( Mehanna, H; Moledina, J; Nankivell, PC; Travis, J, 2009)
"Refeeding syndrome is difficult to diagnose since the guidelines for identifying those at risk are largely based on subjective clinical parameters and there are no predictive biochemical markers."	( Alaghband-Zadeh, J; Awara, MA; Elnenaei, MO; le Roux, CW; Moniz, C; Sherwood, R, 2011)
"Refeeding syndrome is caused by rapid refeeding in PEM, characterized by hypophosphatemia and has metabolic and clinical complications."	( Ikeda, S; Nakahashi, O; Takeda, E, 2012)
"The refeeding syndrome is increasingly recognised."	( Gilmour, M; Manning, S; Robinson, GM; Weatherall, M, 2014)
"Refeeding syndrome is a life-threatening condition occurring in severely malnourished patients after initiating feeding."	( Abela, GS; Abela, OG; Narisetty, K; Rhine, D; Vemula, P, 2015)
"The refeeding syndrome is frequent and potentially deadly, still it is underdiagnosed."	( Buzzi, M; Limonta, A; Pichard, C; Stirnemann, J, 2015)
"The refeeding syndrome is a life-threatening complication that can occur after initiation of a nutrition therapy in malnourished patients."	( Diekmann, R; Fleiter, O; Fricke, L; Kreilkamp, A; Marburger, C; Modreker, MK; Nels, S; Schaefer, R; Volkert, D; Willschrei, HP; Wirth, R, 2018)
"Refeeding syndrome is common among prolonged mechanically ventilated critically ill patients, however not predictable by baseline characteristics."	( Kars, JCN; Koekkoek, WACK; Olthof, LE; van Blokland, D; van Setten, C; van Zanten, ARH, 2018)
"Refeeding syndrome is characterized by metabolic disturbance including hypophosphatemia and hypokalemia upon reinstitution of nutrition in severely malnourished patients."	( Igarashi, A; Ohshima, Y; Ohta, G; Okuno, T; Tokuriki, S, 2017)
"Refeeding syndrome is a life-threatening complication that may occur after initiation of nutritional therapy in malnourished patients, as well as after periods of fasting and hunger."	( Diekmann, R; Fleiter, O; Fricke, L; Janssen, G; Kreilkamp, A; Marburger, C; Modreker, MK; Nels, S; Pourhassan, M; Schaefer, R; Volkert, D; Willschrei, HP; Wirth, R, 2018)
"Refeeding syndrome is diagnosed based on the onset of multiple laboratory abnormalities (most commonly hypophosphatemia) and clinical signs in the setting of nutrition rehabilitation of malnourished patients."	( Clardy, C; Pompeii-Wolfe, C; Rivera-Rivera, E; Runde, J; Sentongo, T, 2019)
"Refeeding syndrome is a life-threatening clinical disorder that can occur when treating malnutrition."	( Aas, AM; Bye, A; Hesseberg, K; Olsen, SU; Ranhoff, AH, 2021)

Excerpt	Reference
"Refeeding syndrome has been observed in patients receiving nutrition after a prolonged period of malnourishment and is characterized by multiple metabolic derangements."	( Macher, AD; Maviglia, SM; Palazuelos, D, 2012)

Timeframe	Studies, This Condition (%)	All Conditions %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	23.3326
1990's	0 (0.00)	12.5806
2000's	2 (2.53)	18.1394
2010's	57 (72.15)	28.8240
2020's	20 (25.32)	9.53

Drug	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
carnitine	low	2	0
creatine	low	1	0
hydrogen carbonate	low	1	0
thiamine	low	9	0
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate	low	1	0
thyroxine	low	1	0
glutamine	low	1	0
isoleucine	low	1	0
arginine	low	1	0
pantothenic acid	low	1	0
thiamine pyrophosphate	low	1	0
ursodeoxycholic acid	low	1	0
resveratrol	low	1	0
retinol	low	1	0
dipyrone	low	1	0
stilbenes	low	1	0
linoleic acid	low	1	0
vitamin k semiquinone radical	low	1	0
alpha-linolenic acid	low	1	0
phosphorus	low	14	0
dextrothyroxine	low	1	0
glucagon	low	1	0
leptin	medium	2	1

Protein Targets (504)

Protein	Potency Measurements	Inhibition Measurements	Activation Measurements	Drugs
Chain B, pheromone binding protein	0	0	1	1
Chain A, pheromone binding protein	0	0	1	1
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A	1	0	0	1
Chain A, RNA-directed RNA polymerase NS5	0	1	0	1
acid sphingomyelinase	1	0	0	1
thioredoxin reductase	9	0	0	9
USP1 protein, partial	7	0	0	7
TDP1 protein	6	0	0	6
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	5	0	0	5
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1	2	0	0	2
flap endonuclease 1	3	0	0	3
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	3	0	0	3
snurportin-1	2	0	0	2
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	4	0	0	4
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1	1	0	0	1
DNA polymerase eta isoform 1	3	0	0	3
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)	7	0	0	7
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor	2	0	0	2
plasminogen precursor	2	0	0	2
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor	2	0	0	2
geminin	10	0	0	10
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	5	0	0	5
fibroblast growth factor 22 isoform 1 precursor	0	0	0	1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 13	0	1	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	1	0	1
Transthyretin	0	1	2	4
Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal	0	1	1	2
Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte	0	3	1	4
Cyclin-A2	0	1	0	1
Cannabinoid receptor 1	0	0	1	1
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2	0	1	1	2
Choline O-acetyltransferase	0	1	0	1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 12	0	1	0	1
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	2	0	0	2
Fatty acid-binding protein 5	0	1	1	2
Fatty acid-binding protein 5	0	0	1	1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 11	0	1	0	1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	0	1	0	1
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	4	0	0	4
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE	2	0	0	2
Chain A, Beta-lactamase	4	0	0	4
Chain A, HADH2 protein	3	0	0	3
Chain B, HADH2 protein	3	0	0	3
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase	3	0	0	3
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1	1	0	0	1
Chain A, Cruzipain	3	0	0	3
Luciferase	4	0	0	4
15-lipoxygenase, partial	5	0	0	5
WRN	1	0	0	1
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	3	0	0	3
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit	2	0	0	2
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	7	0	0	7
SMAD family member 2	4	0	0	4
GLS protein	6	0	0	6
SMAD family member 3	4	0	0	4
GLI family zinc finger 3	9	0	0	9
Microtubule-associated protein tau	5	0	0	5
AR protein	6	0	0	6
thioredoxin glutathione reductase	3	0	0	3
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	4	0	0	4
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	4	0	0	4
progesterone receptor	3	0	0	3
regulator of G-protein signaling 4	2	0	0	2
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	5	0	0	5
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	6	0	0	6
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	4	0	0	4
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	3	0	0	3
pregnane X nuclear receptor	5	0	0	5
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	9	0	0	9
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	6	0	0	6
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	5	0	0	5
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	5	0	0	5
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	8	0	0	8
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	6	0	0	6
activating transcription factor 6	2	0	0	2
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a	2	0	0	2
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	4	0	0	4
Caspase-7	1	0	0	1
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1	4	0	0	4
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1	3	0	0	3
phospholipase A2 precursor	0	1	0	1
caspase-3	1	0	0	1
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	7	0	0	7
heat shock protein beta-1	3	0	0	3
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	7	0	0	7
cysteine protease ATG4B isoform a	0	1	0	1
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform I	2	0	0	2
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	4	0	0	4
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1	5	0	0	5
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1	1	1	0	2
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F isoform a	1	0	0	1
lamin isoform A-delta10	7	0	0	7
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	4	0	0	4
Free fatty acid receptor 1	0	0	2	2
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	3	0	0	3
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	0	2	0	2
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	0	0	2	2
Trypsin	0	2	0	2
Cellular tumor antigen p53	6	0	0	6
Coagulation factor VII	0	2	0	2
Aromatase	0	4	0	4
Tissue factor	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	4	0	0	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	4	0	0	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	4	0	0	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	4	0	0	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	4	0	0	4
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	0	3	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	4	0	0	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	4	0	0	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	4	0	0	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	4	0	0	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	4	0	0	4
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	0	0	3	3
Histamine H2 receptor	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	4	0	0	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	4	0	0	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	4	0	0	4
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	0	3	0	3
Free fatty acid receptor 4	0	0	2	2
GABA theta subunit	4	0	0	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	4	0	0	4
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase	4	0	0	4
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN	0	0	1	1
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN	0	0	1	1
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN	0	0	1	1
NFKB1 protein, partial	1	0	0	1
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	3	0	0	3
alpha-galactosidase	1	0	0	1
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor	1	0	0	1
chromobox protein homolog 1	5	0	0	5
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	1	0	0	1
lethal factor (plasmid)	2	0	0	2
Cytochrome P450 3A4	0	3	0	4
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	0	0	0	2
Nitric oxide synthase, brain	0	0	0	1
Nitric oxide synthase, brain	0	0	0	1
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	0	1	0	2
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	0	0	1	3
Cationic amino acid transporter 3	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Hyaluronidase, phage associated	0	1	0	1
acetylcholinesterase	5	0	0	5
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	4	0	0	4
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	7	0	0	7
IDH1	2	0	0	2
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2	1	0	0	1
Polyphenol oxidase 2	0	2	0	2
Pancreatic alpha-amylase	0	2	0	2
Albumin	0	1	0	1
Urease	0	1	0	1
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1	0	0	0	1
Tyrosinase	0	2	0	2
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	0	2	1	3
Spike glycoprotein	5	0	0	5
Hyaluronate lyase	0	1	0	1
Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN2	0	0	0	1
Egl nine homolog 1	0	0	0	1
Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN3	0	0	0	1
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha inhibitor	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 23 member 1	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 5	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 5	0	0	0	1
Bile salt export pump	0	6	0	6
Solute carrier family 22 member 16	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 21	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 5	0	0	0	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 1	0	1	0	1
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	0	2	0	2
Chain A, Ferritin light chain	2	0	0	2
endonuclease IV	1	0	0	1
nonstructural protein 1	1	0	0	1
glucocerebrosidase	1	0	0	1
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1	3	0	0	3
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d	4	0	0	4
DNA polymerase beta	2	0	0	2
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	3	0	0	3
M-phase phosphoprotein 8	2	0	0	2
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A	1	0	0	1
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12	1	0	0	1
Chain A, Glutamine Binding Protein	0	0	1	1
arylsulfatase A	3	0	0	3
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor	1	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 1	0	3	0	4
Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	3	0	4
Neutral amino acid transporter A	0	1	0	1
Asc-type amino acid transporter 1	0	1	0	1
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative	0	0	0	1
Amino acid transporter	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 4	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 15	0	2	0	2
Beta-lactamase	0	1	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Metallo-beta-lactamase type 2	0	0	0	1
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11	0	0	0	1
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-2	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	1	0	1
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-19	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Metallo-beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase SHV-1	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Metallo-beta-lactamase type 2	0	0	0	1
Kappa-type opioid receptor	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase TEM	0	0	0	1
B2 metallo-beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-13	0	0	0	1
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-2	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Metallo-beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Metallo-b-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase IMP-1	0	0	0	1
BlaVIM-1	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC	0	0	0	1
Histamine H3 receptor	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase class B VIM-2	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase	0	0	0	1
Beta-lactamase VIM-1	0	0	0	1
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	0	1	0	1
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease	2	0	0	2
caspase-3	2	0	0	2
Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	0	1	0	1
Fatty acid-binding protein, heart	0	2	0	2
Seed linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase-1	0	1	0	1
Adenosine receptor A1	0	2	0	2
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7	0	1	0	1
Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	0	1	0	1
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3	0	1	0	1
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	0	0	1	1
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 3	0	1	0	1
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	1	0	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3E	0	1	0	1
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	5	0	0	5
aryl hydrocarbon receptor	4	0	0	4
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein	2	0	0	2
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a	2	0	0	2
FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR	0	0	0	2
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	0	1	0	1
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4	0	2	0	2
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	0	1	0	3
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	0	1	1	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	0	2	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5	0	2	0	2
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	0	1	1	2
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase	0	1	0	1
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15	0	1	0	1
Angiotensin-converting enzyme	0	1	0	1
D(2) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	0	2	0	2
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
D	0	1	0	1
D(3) dopamine receptor	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	0	1	0	2
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	0	2	0	2
D(1A) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	2
D(4) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	2
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4	0	0	0	1
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	0	3	1	4
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	0	2	0	2
D(4) dopamine receptor	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	0	2	0	2
Histamine H1 receptor	0	1	0	1
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	0	1	0	1
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Histamine H1 receptor	0	2	1	3
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
D(3) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	0	2	0	2
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6	0	2	0	2
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase	0	1	0	1
D(2) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	2
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	2	0	0	2
Inositol monophosphatase 1	2	0	0	2
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	0	2	0	2
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	0	1	0	1
Transporter	0	1	0	1
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3D	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C	0	1	0	1
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	0	1	0	1
Transporter	0	1	0	1
EWS/FLI fusion protein	2	0	0	2
Type II pantothenate kinase	0	0	0	1
Type III pantothenate kinase	0	0	0	1
Chain A, Troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
glp-1 receptor, partial	1	0	0	1
BRCA1	1	0	0	1
ClpP	1	0	0	1
ATAD5 protein, partial	1	0	0	1
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)	1	0	0	1
G	2	0	0	2
cytochrome P450 2D6	1	0	0	1
67.9K protein	1	0	0	1
Parkin	1	0	0	1
P53	1	0	0	1
pyruvate kinase	1	0	0	1
M18 aspartyl aminopeptidase	0	1	0	1
cathepsin L1	0	1	0	1
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)	1	0	0	1
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	2	0	0	2
Histone H2A.x	1	0	0	1
hexokinase-4 isoform 1	1	0	0	1
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor	1	0	0	1
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a	1	0	0	1
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a	2	0	0	2
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor	3	0	0	3
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3	2	0	0	2
glucokinase regulatory protein	1	0	0	1
huntingtin isoform 2	1	0	0	1
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor	1	0	0	1
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 1	0	0	1	1
ras-related protein Rab-9A	1	0	0	1
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1	1	0	0	1
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1	2	0	0	2
Vif	0	1	0	1
survival motor neuron protein isoform d	1	0	0	1
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1	1	0	0	1
transcription factor p65 isoform 1	0	0	1	1
serine/threonine-protein kinase 33 isoform a	0	0	1	1
POsterior Segregation	0	0	1	1
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	0	1	0	1
Estrogen receptor beta	0	0	1	1
Acetylcholinesterase	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 12	0	1	0	1
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A	0	1	0	1
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	0	1	1	2
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	2	0	0	2
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1	0	1	0	2
Myc proto-oncogene protein	0	1	0	2
Interferon beta	2	0	0	2
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	2	0	0	2
Estrogen receptor	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 1A1	0	1	0	1
Amyloid-beta precursor protein	0	2	1	3
Integrin beta-3	1	0	0	1
Cytochrome P450 1A2	0	1	0	1
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	0	1	1	2
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck	0	1	0	1
Cholinesterase	0	1	0	1
Cathepsin D	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 3	0	1	0	1
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	0	2	0	2
Integrin alpha-IIb	1	0	0	1
Luciferin 4-monooxygenase	0	1	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	0	1	0	1
DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit	0	1	0	1
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase	0	1	0	1
Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	1	0	1
Breakpoint cluster region protein	0	1	0	2
Tyrosinase	0	3	0	3
Cytochrome P450 2C9	0	1	0	1
Ornithine decarboxylase	0	1	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2	0	1	0	1
Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]	0	2	1	3
Protein kinase C alpha type	0	0	1	1
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor 2	2	0	0	2
Estrogen receptor	0	0	1	1
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit	0	1	0	1
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	0	1	0	1
Endothelin receptor type B	1	0	0	1
Acetylcholinesterase	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 6	0	2	0	2
Sucrase-isomaltase, intestinal	0	1	0	1
Endothelin-1 receptor	1	0	0	1
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	0	1	0	1
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4	0	1	0	1
ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 1	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 2C19	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 7	0	1	0	1
Cannabinoid receptor 1	0	1	0	1
D(1A) dopamine receptor	1	0	0	1
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	2	0	0	2
Alpha-glucosidase MAL12	0	1	0	1
Cholinesterase	0	1	0	1
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit	0	1	0	1
Squalene synthase	0	1	0	1
Transcription factor p65	0	1	0	1
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B	0	0	0	1
Bcl-2-like protein 1	0	1	0	1
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1	0	1	0	1
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	0	0	1	2
Cytochrome P450 1B1	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 9	0	1	0	1
N1L	0	1	0	1
NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1	0	0	0	3
Tubulin beta-2B chain	0	1	0	1
Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase	0	1	0	1
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	0	1	0	1
Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1	0	1	0	1
Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1	0	1	0	1
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-2	0	0	1	1
Carbonic anhydrase 13	0	1	0	1
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	1	0	0	1
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	2	0	0	2
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1	0	0	1	3
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	1	0	0	1
Ataxin-2	1	0	0	1
Prenyltransferase homolog	0	0	0	1
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-3, mitochondrial	0	0	1	1
Carbonic anhydrase 14	0	1	0	1
Zinc finger protein mex-5	0	0	1	1
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	2	0	0	2
large T antigen	0	1	0	1
Chain A, PLASMA RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN PRECURSOR	0	0	1	1
interleukin 8	1	0	0	1
pregnane X receptor	1	0	0	1
peripheral myelin protein 22	2	0	0	2
Retinol-binding protein 4	0	0	1	1
Beta-lactoglobulin	0	0	1	1
Alpha-synuclein	1	1	0	2
Chain A, ykoF	0	0	1	1
Chain B, ykoF	0	0	1	1
Chain A, ThiT	0	0	1	1
Thiamine transporter ThiT	0	0	1	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	0	1	0	2
Transketolase	0	0	1	1
Thiamine-binding periplasmic protein	0	0	1	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	0	1	0	1
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase	0	0	1	1
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase	0	0	1	1
Chain X, Thyroid hormone receptor beta-1	0	0	1	1
Chain X, Thyroid hormone receptor beta-1	0	0	1	1
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1	1	0	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A4	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A5	0	0	0	1
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	2	0	0	2
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha	0	0	1	1
Thyroid hormone receptor beta	0	0	1	1
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	0	1	0	1
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	0	0	2	2
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1	0	1	0	1
Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A3	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	0	1	0	1
Monocarboxylate transporter 8	0	0	0	1
Bile acid receptor	0	1	1	2
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	0	0	0	1
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2	0	1	0	1
Glucocorticoid receptor	0	0	1	1
Vitamin D3 receptor	0	1	1	2
Ileal sodium/bile acid cotransporter	0	1	0	1
TAR DNA-binding protein 43	1	0	0	1
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter	0	1	0	1
G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1	0	0	1	1
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1	0	2	0	2
M1-family alanyl aminopeptidase	0	1	0	1
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Synonyms(1)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Context

Research

Studies (79)

Protein Targets (504)

Refeeding Syndrome

Synonyms(1)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Context

Research

Studies (79)

Drugs Studied (36)

Protein Targets (504)