3,3',5'-triiodothyronine profile

3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (T3) is a thyroid hormone that plays a critical role in regulating metabolism, growth, and development. It is synthesized in the thyroid gland from the precursor thyroxine (T4) through the removal of one iodine atom. T3 is more potent than T4 and has a shorter half-life. It binds to thyroid hormone receptors in the nucleus of cells and regulates gene expression. T3 is essential for normal brain development, growth, and metabolism. It increases basal metabolic rate, stimulates protein synthesis, and regulates the production of other hormones. T3 is also involved in the regulation of body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. Deficiencies in T3 can lead to hypothyroidism, while excesses can lead to hyperthyroidism. T3 is studied extensively to understand its role in various physiological processes and to develop treatments for thyroid disorders. The synthesis of T3 involves a complex enzymatic pathway within the thyroid gland. Initially, iodine is taken up by the thyroid gland and incorporated into thyroglobulin, a protein. This iodinated thyroglobulin then undergoes enzymatic processing to generate T4, which is further converted to T3 by deiodinases. T3's effects are mediated by its binding to thyroid hormone receptors, which act as transcription factors and regulate the expression of numerous genes involved in metabolic processes, growth, development, and other functions. The importance of T3 stems from its crucial role in regulating various physiological processes essential for normal human health. Its study contributes to understanding the mechanisms underlying thyroid hormone action, identifying potential therapeutic targets for thyroid disorders, and developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.'

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	22069
CHEMBL ID	1312
CHEBI ID	28774
SCHEMBL ID	429433

Synonym
gtpl2636
CHEBI:28774 ,
o-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3-iodotyrosine
NCGC00181338-01
2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3-iodophenyl]propanoic acid
CHEMBL1312
NCGC00181338-02
3,3',5'-triiodo-dl-thyronine
unii-8igm4i6q6g
3,3',5'-triiodothyronine, dl-
dl-3,3',5'-triiodothyronine
8igm4i6q6g ,
alanine, 3-(4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenoxy)-3-iodophenyl)-
70-39-3
tyrosine, o-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-3-iodo-
FT-0614014
SCHEMBL429433
3,3',5'-trijod-dl-thyronin
HZCBWYNLGPIQRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
reversetriiodothyronine
bdbm50078169
2820-50-0
DTXSID00274724
reverse-triiodthyronine
AKOS032947550
BCP28851
rt3; 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine; reverse triiodothyronine
Q7318276
DTXSID50859929
3,3',5'-triiodo-l-thyronine-13c6

Role	Description
human metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
iodothyronine	An iodoamino acid in which the amino acid specified is thyronine.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Metabolism	1496	1108
Amino acid and derivative metabolism	250	260
Metabolism of amine-derived hormones	14	40
Thyroxine biosynthesis	8	19
Regulation of thyroid hormone activity	3	6
Biological oxidations	150	276
Phase II - Conjugation of compounds	73	122
Cytosolic sulfonation of small molecules	17	47
Selenium micronutrient network	0	95

Protein Targets (12)

Potency Measurements

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Luciferase	Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)	Potency	40.5334	0.0072	15.7588	89.3584	AID624030
USP1 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	79.4328	0.0316	37.5844	354.8130	AID504865
GLS protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	28.1838	0.3548	7.9355	39.8107	AID624170
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.8184	0.0355	20.9770	89.1251	AID504332
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.1254	0.5406	17.6392	96.1227	AID2528
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	28.1838	0.3548	28.0659	89.1251	AID504847
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	7.0795	0.0316	22.3146	100.0000	AID588579
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.1254	0.2512	15.8432	39.8107	AID504327
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase	Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927	Potency	28.1838	0.0601	10.7453	37.9330	AID492961
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	13.0000	0.0013	2.2206	8.3000	AID1200481
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)	Concentration	0.0400	0.0100	0.1380	0.6000	AID161428
Monocarboxylate transporter 8	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Km	2.2000	2.2000	3.6333	4.7000	AID681174
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (2)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
signal transduction	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleobase metabolic process	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (4)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
hormone activity	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone binding	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (4)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular region	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
azurophil granule lumen	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Transthyretin	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (12)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID161427	Relative binding affinity to prealbumin was determined from the competition binding assays and is expressed relative to L-T4	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5	Structurally specific binding of halogenated biphenyls to thyroxine transport protein.
AID161428	Concentration at which 50% total binding against prealbumin protein occurs	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5	Structurally specific binding of halogenated biphenyls to thyroxine transport protein.
AID161435	Relative binding affinity for thyroxin binding prealbumin (TBPA) from rat liver compared to thyroxine (T4) as KA(comp)/KA(T4)	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1	Polychlorinated biphenyls and related compound interactions with specific binding sites for thyroxine in rat liver nuclear extracts.
AID1200481	Inhibition of rat GAT1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of [3H]GABA uptake by liquid scintillation counting	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-12, Volume: 58, Issue:5	A binding mode hypothesis of tiagabine confirms liothyronine effect on γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 (GAT1).
AID1146021	Displacement of radiolabelled L-T3 from thyroid hormone receptor in intact rat hepatic nuclei relative to T3	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Thyroxine analogues. 23. Quantitative structure-activity correlation studies of in vivo and in vitro thyromimetic activities.
AID1200479	Inhibition of rat GAT1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of [3H]GABA uptake at 100 uM by liquid scintillation counting	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-12, Volume: 58, Issue:5	A binding mode hypothesis of tiagabine confirms liothyronine effect on γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 (GAT1).
AID1146020	In vivo antigoiter activity in rat	1977	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Thyroxine analogues. 23. Quantitative structure-activity correlation studies of in vivo and in vitro thyromimetic activities.
AID681174	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes	2003	The Journal of biological chemistry, Oct-10, Volume: 278, Issue:41	Identification of monocarboxylate transporter 8 as a specific thyroid hormone transporter.
AID210552	Relative binding affinity for nuclear receptor from rat liver compared to thyroxine (T4) as KA(comp)/KA(T4	1987	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 30, Issue:1	Polychlorinated biphenyls and related compound interactions with specific binding sites for thyroxine in rat liver nuclear extracts.
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1346773	Human Thyroid hormone receptor-alpha (1A. Thyroid hormone receptors)	1990	Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.), Feb, Volume: 4, Issue:2	Binding of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and its analogs to the in vitro translational products of c-erbA protooncogenes: differences in the affinity of the alpha- and beta-forms for the acetic acid analog and failure of the human testis and kidney alpha-2
AID1346752	Human Thyroid hormone receptor-beta (1A. Thyroid hormone receptors)	1990	Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.), Feb, Volume: 4, Issue:2	Binding of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and its analogs to the in vitro translational products of c-erbA protooncogenes: differences in the affinity of the alpha- and beta-forms for the acetic acid analog and failure of the human testis and kidney alpha-2
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	3 (42.86)	18.7374
1990's	1 (14.29)	18.2507
2000's	1 (14.29)	29.6817
2010's	2 (28.57)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	1 (14.29%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	6 (85.71%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
thyroxine [no description available]	3.46	2	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	mitogen
sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.	2.01	1	2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols	dye
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.	2.39	2
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	3.09	5	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	3.98	4	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.01	1	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	2.01	1	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.01	1	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	2.01	1	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure	2.37	2	aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative
dextrothyroxine Dextrothyroxine: The dextrorotary isomer of the synthetic THYROXINE.. D-thyroxine : The D-enantiomer of thyroxine.	2.01	1	D-tyrosine derivative; thyroxine
2,4,6-triiodophenol [no description available]	1.97	1
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: A mixture of isomers.	1.97	1	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
2,2',6,6'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 2,2',6,6'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: structure in first source	2.37	2
3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.37	2	hexachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
kc 400 KC 400: mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls. 3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which both phenyl groups are substituted by chlorines at positions 3 and 5.	2.37	2	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
tiagabine Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.	2.11	1	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; thiophenes	anticonvulsant; GABA reuptake inhibitor
3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diol 3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls formed formally by chlorination of biphenyl-4,4'-diol at C-3, -3', -5 and -5'.	2.37	2	dichlorobenzene; hydroxybiphenyls
4-hydroxy-2',4',6'-trichlorobiphenyl 4-hydroxy-2',4',6'-trichlorobiphenyl: do not confuse with the tetrachlorinated compound, also known as 4-OH-TCB (see 4-OH-TCB (tetra))	1.96	1	biphenyls; trichlorobenzene
4-hydroxy-2',3',4'-5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 4-hydroxy-2',3',4'-5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: structure in first source	1.96	1	biphenyls; tetrachlorobenzene
n-bromoacetyl-3,3',5-triiodothyronine N-bromoacetyl-3,3',5-triiodothyronine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.01	1
3,5-diiodothyronine 3,5-diiodothyronine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.05	1	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
thyroxine sulfate thyroxine sulfate: RN given for (L)-isomer. thyroxine sulfate : An iodothyronine having iodo substituents in the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions and a sulfate group attached to the phenol function.	2.01	1
triiodothyronine, reverse [no description available]	2.45	2	3,3',5'-triiodothyronine; amino acid zwitterion
gc 1 compound GC 1 compound: structure in first source	1.97	1	diarylmethane

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).	0	2.87	1	0

3,3',5'-triiodothyronine

Cross-References

Synonyms (30)

Roles (1)

Drug Classes (1)

Pathways (9)

Protein Targets (12)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (2)

Molecular Functions (4)

Ceullar Components (4)

Bioassays (12)

Research

Studies (7)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 27.23

Study Types

3,3',5'-triiodothyronine

Cross-References

Synonyms (30)

Roles (1)

Drug Classes (1)

Pathways (9)

Protein Targets (12)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (2)

Molecular Functions (4)

Ceullar Components (4)

Bioassays (12)

Research

Studies (7)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 27.23

Study Types

Related Drugs (25)

Related Conditions (1)