Page last updated: 2024-12-06

2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl, also known as PCB 28, is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) that was widely used in industrial applications, including electrical equipment, hydraulic fluids, and plasticizers. It is synthesized through the chlorination of biphenyl, a process that results in the formation of multiple isomers, with 2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl being one of them. This compound is of significant interest due to its persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation in food chains, and potential adverse health effects. Studies on 2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl focus on understanding its environmental fate, its impact on human health, and potential remediation strategies. It has been linked to various health issues, including endocrine disruption, reproductive problems, and an increased risk of cancer. Its persistence in the environment necessitates continued research into its long-term effects and methods for mitigating its impact.'

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID23448
SCHEMBL ID2933108
MeSH IDM0218007

Synonyms (37)

Synonym
1,1'-biphenyl, 2,4,4'-trichloro-
2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl
inchi=1/c12h7cl3/c13-9-3-1-8(2-4-9)11-6-5-10(14)7-12(11)15/h1-7
einecs 230-293-2
biphenyl, 2,4,4'-trichloro-
k 28
4,2',4'-trichlorobiphenyl
pcb28
brn 1956846
pcb 28
7012-37-5
pcb-28
2,4-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)benzene
844odp31q0 ,
2-05-00-00484 (beilstein handbook reference)
unii-844odp31q0
pcb no 28
AKOS015902516
2,4,4'-trichloro-1,1'-biphenyl
2',4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl
1,1'-biphenyl,2,4,4'-trichloro-
SCHEMBL2933108
BZTYNSQSZHARAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
FT-0699627
DTXSID2038310 ,
2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl, bcr(r) certified reference material
pcb no 28, analytical standard
pcb no. 28
pcb no. 28 10 microg/ml in isooctane
pcb no. 28 100 microg/ml in hexane
pcb no. 28 100 microg/ml in isooctane
Q27269486
1ST3628
2,4,4'-tricb
2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl (iupac n. 28) (purity)
PD162890
dtxcid0018310

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Hepatotoxicity is one of the adverse health effects induced by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)."( PCB28 and PCB52 induce hepatotoxicity by impairing the autophagic flux and stimulating cell apoptosis in vitro.
Wang, Q; Wang, ZT; Wei, LW; Xie, XL; Zhou, WT, 2018
)
0.48
" is an extensively applied plant for aquatic remediation in ecotoxicology research worldwide, little is known regarding its responses to the potentially toxic effects of PCBs."( Toxic effects of 2,4,4'- trichlorobiphenyl (PCB-28) on growth, photosynthesis characteristics and antioxidant defense system of Lemna minor L.
Ruan, H; Sun, Y; Wang, C; Yang, J, 2021
)
0.62

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" This result indicates that soil washing combined with Fenton-like oxidation may be a practical approach for the remediation of PCB-contaminated soil."( Soil washing in combination with homogeneous Fenton-like oxidation for the removal of 2,4,4'-trichlorodiphenyl from soil contaminated with capacitor oil.
Dong, YH; Lin, ZR; Ma, XH; Zhao, L, 2016
)
0.43

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" In summary, this study provides dose-response linkages between effects of lower chlorinated PCBs and their concentrations in human plasma."( Telomerase gene expression bioassays indicate metabolic activation of genotoxic lower chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls.
Gostek, S; Hoffmann, J; Kraus, T; Preisinger, C; Quinete, N; Schettgen, T; Vasko, T; Ziegler, P, 2018
)
0.48
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (64)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's3 (4.69)18.2507
2000's12 (18.75)29.6817
2010's45 (70.31)24.3611
2020's4 (6.25)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 21.64

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index21.64 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.23 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.29 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index21.17 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (21.64)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies1 (1.47%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other67 (98.53%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]