thyroxine and Sleep Apnea Syndromes studies

Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.
thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.

Sleep Apnea Syndromes: Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"This study shows that subclinical hypothyroidism and treatment with levothyroxine do not influence the prevalence and severity of OSA, while sleep propensity is increased by untreated subclinical hypothyroidism."	5.11	Influence of subclinical hypothyroidism and T4 treatment on the prevalence and severity of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). ( Carpagnano, GE; Carratù, P; De Pergola, G; Di Gioia, G; Giorgino, R; Lacedonia, D; Maniscalco, M; Resta, O, 2005)
"Lingual thyroid is a rare developmental abnormality."	1.32	Lingual thyroid as a cause of snoring and sleep apnea. ( Majeed, S; Niwaz, A; Rashid, M; Saeed, A; Tariq, KM, 2004)
"Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypothyroidism are relatively common disorders that have similar clinical features and are thought to be causally linked."	1.30	Association of hypothyroidism and obstructive sleep apnea. ( deMaine, J; Hert, R; Kapur, VK; Koepsell, TD; Psaty, BM; Sandblom, RE, 1998)
"There is an association of sleep apnea among patients with untreated hypothyroidism."	1.30	Sleep apnea syndrome among patients with hypothyroidism. ( Hira, HS; Sibal, L, 1999)
"We studied the effects of sleep apnea on neuroendocrine function in a cross-sectional study of 225 consecutive men undergoing sleep studies and in a longitudinal study of 43 men with severe obstructive sleep apnea before and after 3 months of successful treatment with nasal continuous positive airways pressure to eliminate upper airways obstruction."	1.28	Neuroendocrine dysfunction in sleep apnea: reversal by continuous positive airways pressure therapy. ( Blackwell, C; Caterson, ID; Grunstein, RR; Handelsman, DJ; Lawrence, SJ; Sullivan, CE, 1989)
"After irradiation of the neck for a squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsillar pillar and vocal cord, a 71-year-old man presented with a rapidly progressive sleep apnea syndrome."	1.28	Sleep apnea syndrome after irradiation of the neck. ( Dietrich, RA; Herlihy, JP; Shaw, T; Whitlock, WL, 1989)
"There is a high incidence of sleep apnea in patients with untreated hypothyroidism."	1.27	Sleep apnea and hypothyroidism: mechanisms and management. ( Grunstein, RR; Sullivan, CE, 1988)
"A 58-yr-old man with hypothyroidism and sleep apnea syndrome was studied to determine the cause of the nocturnal obstructive apnea and oxygen desaturation."	1.26	Disordered breathing during sleep in hypothyroidism. ( Ewart, R; Iber, C; Rasmussen, H; Schultze, B; Skatrud, J; Thomas, G, 1981)

Research

Studies (19)

Authors

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	11 (57.89)	18.7374
1990's	3 (15.79)	18.2507
2000's	5 (26.32)	29.6817
2010's	0 (0.00)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Lanfranco, F	1
Gianotti, L	1
Pivetti, S	1
Navone, F	1
Rossetto, R	1
Tassone, F	1
Gai, V	1
Ghigo, E	1
Maccario, M	1
Rashid, M	1
Majeed, S	1
Tariq, KM	1
Niwaz, A	1
Saeed, A	1
Jha, A	1
Sharma, SK	1
Tandon, N	1
Lakshmy, R	1
Kadhiravan, T	1
Handa, KK	1
Gupta, R	1
Pandey, RM	1
Chaturvedi, PK	1
Resta, O	1
Carratù, P	1
Carpagnano, GE	1
Maniscalco, M	1
Di Gioia, G	1
Lacedonia, D	1
Giorgino, R	1
De Pergola, G	1
Rajagopal, KR	1
Abbrecht, PH	1
Derderian, SS	1
Pickett, C	1
Hofeldt, F	1
Tellis, CJ	1
Zwillich, CW	2
Mackay, D	1
Cooper, RA	1
Bradbury, S	1
Gawkrodger, DJ	1
Prowse, K	1
Van't Hoff, W	1
Skatrud, J	1
Iber, C	1
Ewart, R	1
Thomas, G	1
Rasmussen, H	1
Schultze, B	1
Orr, WC	1
Males, JL	1
Imes, NK	1
Kapur, VK	1
Koepsell, TD	1
deMaine, J	1
Hert, R	1
Sandblom, RE	1
Psaty, BM	1
Hira, HS	1
Sibal, L	1
Sutor, GC	1
Klocke, M	1
Hamm, M	1
Fabel, H	1
Schuppert, F	1
Bai, Y	1
Grunstein, RR	2
Handelsman, DJ	1
Lawrence, SJ	1
Blackwell, C	1
Caterson, ID	1
Sullivan, CE	2
Herlihy, JP	1
Whitlock, WL	1
Dietrich, RA	1
Shaw, T	1
Robinson, RW	1
Kittle, WM	1
Chaudhary, BA	1
Shiomi, T	1
Yano, Y	1
Kobayashi, T	1
Watanabe, T	1
Kojima, H	1
McNamara, ME	1
Southwick, SM	1
Fogel, BS	1

Trial	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Improvement in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function After Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome[NCT00435643]	45 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-10-31	Completed
Healthy Sleep for Children With Down Syndrome[NCT03922165]	26 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-05-22	Completed
Positive Airway Pressure for the Treatment of the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Children With Down Syndrome (Stage 1)[NCT04124471]	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-08-02	Completed
Sleepiness and the Effects of CPAP on Salivary Cortisol and Alpha-Amylase Levels in Patients With Sleep Apnea[NCT01196117]	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-11-15	Completed
Sexual Dysfunction And Hypotestosteronemia In Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome And Its Effects With CPAP Therapy[NCT00832065]	0 participants (Actual)	Observational	2009-01-31	Withdrawn (stopped due to No patients enrolled in study)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) is a scale to assess sleepiness during waking hours. The scale ranges from 0-24 with higher scores indicative of greater sleepiness. (NCT01196117)
Timeframe: Difference between Baseline(Day 0) and Average of Day 1,7,14.

Salivary Cortisol in Participants Who Used Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) at ~ 7am, Day 7

Intervention	units on a scale (Median)
14 Days of Placebo Therapy, Then CPAP	10.7
14 Days of CPAP Therapy	8.9

Salivary Cortisol was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The reference range for healthy adults is <4.2 nmol/l. (NCT01196117)
Timeframe: Day 7, 7am

Salivary Cortisol in Participants Who Used Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) at ~11pm, Day 0

Intervention	nmol/l (Mean)
CPAP>= 3 Hours Per Night	9.9
CPAP<3 Hours Per Night	13.3

Salivary Cortisol was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The reference range for healthy adults is <4.2 nmol/l. (NCT01196117)
Timeframe: Day 0, 11pm

Salivary Cortisol in Participants Who Used Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) at ~11pm, Day 1

Intervention	nmol/l (Median)
CPAP>= 3 Hours Per Night	3.2
CPAP<3 Hours Per Night	1.2

Salivary Cortisol was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The reference range for healthy adults is <4.2 nmol/l. (NCT01196117)
Timeframe: Day 1, 11pm

Salivary Cortisol in Participants Who Used Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) at ~11pm, Day 14

Intervention	nmol/l (Median)
CPAP>= 3 Hours Per Night	2.2
CPAP<3 Hours Per Night	1.8

Salivary Cortisol was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The reference range for healthy adults is <4.2 nmol/l. (NCT01196117)
Timeframe: Day 14, 11pm

Salivary Cortisol in Participants Who Used Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) at ~11pm, Day 7

Intervention	nmol/l (Median)
CPAP>= 3 Hours Per Night	1.9
CPAP<3 Hours Per Night	2.2

Salivary Cortisol was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The reference range for healthy adults is <4.2 nmol/l. (NCT01196117)
Timeframe: Day 7, 11pm

Salivary Cortisol in Participants Who Used Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) at ~7am, Day 0

Intervention	nmol/l (Median)
CPAP>= 3 Hours Per Night	3.0
CPAP<3 Hours Per Night	2.5

Salivary Cortisol was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The reference range for healthy adults is <4.2 nmol/l. (NCT01196117)
Timeframe: Day 0, 7am

Salivary Cortisol in Participants Who Used Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) at ~7am, Day 1

Intervention	nmol/l (Median)
CPAP>= 3 Hours Per Night	12.5
CPAP<3 Hours Per Night	12.1

Salivary Cortisol was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The reference range for healthy adults is <4.2 nmol/l. (NCT01196117)
Timeframe: Day 1, 7am

Salivary Cortisol in Participants Who Used Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) at ~7am, Day 14

Intervention	nmol/l (Median)
CPAP>= 3 Hours Per Night	7.4
CPAP<3 Hours Per Night	13.6

Salivary Cortisol was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The reference range for healthy adults is <4.2 nmol/l. (NCT01196117)
Timeframe: Day 14, 7am

Article	Year
Obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome show a peculiar alteration of the corticotroph but not of the thyrotroph and lactotroph function. Clinical endocrinology, 2004, Volume: 60, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Area Under Curve; Case-Control Studies; Corticotropin-Releasing	2004
Lingual thyroid as a cause of snoring and sleep apnea. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2004, Volume: 14, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Lingual Thyroid; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Snoring; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroidect	2004
Thyroxine replacement therapy reverses sleep-disordered breathing in patients with primary hypothyroidism. Sleep medicine, 2006, Volume: 7, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Blood Glucose; Fasting; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Polysomnography;	2006
Obstructive sleep apnea in hypothyroidism. Annals of internal medicine, 1984, Volume: 101, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Middle Aged; Obesity; Respiratory Function Tests; Sleep Apnea Syndrom	1984
Obstructive sleep apnea in hypothyroidism. Annals of internal medicine, 1984, Volume: 101, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Middle Aged; Obesity; Respiratory Function Tests; Sleep Apnea Syndrom	1984
Obstructive sleep apnea in hypothyroidism. Annals of internal medicine, 1984, Volume: 101, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Middle Aged; Obesity; Respiratory Function Tests; Sleep Apnea Syndrom	1984
Obstructive sleep apnea in hypothyroidism. Annals of internal medicine, 1984, Volume: 101, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Middle Aged; Obesity; Respiratory Function Tests; Sleep Apnea Syndrom	1984
Sleep apnoea in myxoedema. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 1984, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myxed	1984
Disordered breathing during sleep in hypothyroidism. The American review of respiratory disease, 1981, Volume: 124, Issue:3 Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Medroxyprogesterone; Middle Aged; Sleep Apnea Syndrome	1981
Myxedema and obstructive sleep apnea. The American journal of medicine, 1981, Volume: 70, Issue:5 Topics: Cholesterol; Creatine Kinase; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myxedema; Oxygen; Sleep Apnea Syndr	1981
Association of hypothyroidism and obstructive sleep apnea. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 1998, Volume: 158, Issue:5 Pt 1 Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Confidence Intervals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypothyr	1998
Sleep apnea syndrome among patients with hypothyroidism. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 1999, Volume: 47, Issue:6 Topics: Humans; Hypothyroidism; Respiration; Respiratory Center; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Thyroxine	1999
[A young man with adynamia, subepicardial ischemia and sleep apnea]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2001, Feb-09, Volume: 126, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Angina, Unstable; Asthenia; Electrocardiography; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypothyroidism; M	2001
[Primary hypothyroidism with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome]. Zhongguo yi xue ke xue yuan xue bao. Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae, 1992, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Polysomnography; Sleep Apnea Syndrom	1992
Neuroendocrine dysfunction in sleep apnea: reversal by continuous positive airways pressure therapy. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1989, Volume: 68, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Lutein	1989
Neuroendocrine dysfunction in sleep apnea: reversal by continuous positive airways pressure therapy. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1989, Volume: 68, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Lutein	1989
Neuroendocrine dysfunction in sleep apnea: reversal by continuous positive airways pressure therapy. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1989, Volume: 68, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Lutein	1989
Neuroendocrine dysfunction in sleep apnea: reversal by continuous positive airways pressure therapy. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1989, Volume: 68, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Lutein	1989
Sleep apnea syndrome after irradiation of the neck. Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery, 1989, Volume: 115, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Laryngeal Edema; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Male;	1989
The effect of drugs on breathing during sleep. Clinics in chest medicine, 1985, Volume: 6, Issue:4 Topics: Almitrine; Anesthetics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanol; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives;	1985
Sleep apnea and hypothyroidism: mechanisms and management. The American journal of medicine, 1988, Volume: 85, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Respiratory	1988
[A case of myxedema of the heart with sleep apnea syndrome]. Kokyu to junkan. Respiration & circulation, 1988, Volume: 36, Issue:9 Topics: Cardiomyopathies; Electrocardiography; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Physiologic; Myxedema;	1988
Sleep apnea and hypothyroidism presenting as depression in two patients. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 1987, Volume: 48, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Depressive Disorder; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Sleep	1987

thyroxine and Sleep Apnea Syndromes