Page last updated: 2024-10-24

thyroid hormone binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyronine (T3), tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland. [GOC:rph]

Thyroid hormone (TH) binding is a critical molecular function that involves the interaction of TH with specific proteins, primarily nuclear receptors, to regulate gene expression and influence various physiological processes. TH, consisting of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), plays a crucial role in development, metabolism, and the regulation of numerous cellular functions. The binding of TH to its receptors initiates a cascade of events that ultimately alters gene transcription. The process begins with the transport of TH from the bloodstream into target cells, where it binds to intracellular proteins, primarily thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) and albumin. Once inside the cell, T4 undergoes deiodination to T3, which is the biologically active form of the hormone. T3 then binds to nuclear receptors, specifically thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), forming a heterodimer complex with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). This heterodimer complex binds to specific DNA sequences known as thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) located in the regulatory regions of target genes. The binding of the TR-RXR heterodimer to TREs triggers a conformational change in the receptor complex, leading to the recruitment of coactivator proteins and the initiation of gene transcription. The coactivator proteins facilitate the assembly of the transcriptional machinery, enabling the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) for the target gene. The resulting mRNA is then translated into protein, leading to the expression of the target gene and the modulation of its corresponding function. This intricate molecular function of TH binding plays a crucial role in regulating a wide range of biological processes, including growth and development, metabolism, cardiovascular function, and the nervous system. Disruptions in TH binding can lead to various disorders, highlighting the importance of this essential molecular function in maintaining homeostasis and overall health.'
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Proteins (6)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Thyroid hormone receptor alphaA thyroid hormone receptor alpha that is encoded in the genome of chicken. [OMA:P04625, PRO:DNx]Gallus gallus (chicken)
TransthyretinA transthyretin that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P02766]Homo sapiens (human)
Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3A retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P47895]Homo sapiens (human)
Thyroid hormone receptor betaA thyroid hormone receptor beta that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P10828]Homo sapiens (human)
Thyroid hormone receptor alphaA thyroid hormone receptor alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:HJD, UniProtKB:P10827]Homo sapiens (human)
Pro-cathepsin HA cathepsin H that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P09668]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (101)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
thyroxine2-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative
mitogen
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd

8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.
aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid
fluorescent probe
amiodaroneamiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.

Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.
1-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound
cardiovascular drug
amlexanoxamlexanox : A pyridochromene-derived monocarboxylic acid having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 5-position and an isopropyl substituent at the 7-position.

amlexanox: SRA-A antagonist;structure given in first source
monocarboxylic acid;
pyridochromene
anti-allergic agent;
anti-ulcer drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
bithionolbithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.

Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.
aryl sulfide;
bridged diphenyl antifungal drug;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
organochlorine pesticide;
polyphenol
antifungal agrochemical;
antiplatyhelmintic drug
danthronchrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.

danthron: structure
dihydroxyanthraquinoneapoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
diclofenacdiclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.

Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.
amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound
antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
diflunisaldiflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.

Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
organofluorine compound
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
emodinemodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.

Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.
trihydroxyanthraquinoneantineoplastic agent;
laxative;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
flufenamic acidflufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.

Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16)
aromatic amino acid;
organofluorine compound
antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemfibrozilaromatic etherantilipemic drug
meclofenamic acidmeclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.
aminobenzoic acid;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound
analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
niflumic acidNiflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
masoprocolnordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)catechols;
lignan;
tetrol
antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite
phloretindihydrochalconesantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinone1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinone: structure in first source

quinalizarin : A tetrahydroxyanthraquinone having the four hydroxy groups at the 1-, 2-, 5- and 8-positions.
tetrahydroxyanthraquinoneEC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
triclosanaromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols
antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
fungicide;
persistent organic pollutant;
xenobiotic
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acidtiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.
3,3',5-triiodothyropropionic acidaromatic ether
thyroxinethyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.

Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.
2-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine;
thyroxine zwitterion
antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
triiodothyronine3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.

Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.
2-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
alizarindihydroxyanthraquinonechromophore;
dye;
plant metabolite
purpurinpurpurin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone derived from anthracene by substitution with oxo groups at C-9 and C-10 and with hydroxy groups at C-1, C-2 and C-4.

purpurin: from Rubiaceae plants; structure in first source
trihydroxyanthraquinonebiological pigment;
histological dye;
plant metabolite
1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone: structure given in first source

quinizarin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone having the two hydroxy substituents at the 1- and 4-positions; formally derived from anthraquinone by replacement of two hydrogen atoms by hydroxy groups
dihydroxyanthraquinonedye
1-naphthylamine-5-sulfonic acid1-naphthylamine-5-sulfonic acid: fluorophore used for fluorescent nucleotide substratesnaphthalenesulfonic acid
isatintribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;indoledioneEC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
diphenyldiphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structurearomatic fungicide;
benzenes;
biphenyls
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative
anthrarufin1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone: used in ferric ion sensing as an inclusion complex with beta-cyclodextrin; structure in first source

anthrarufin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 5.
dihydroxyanthraquinone
dextrothyroxineD-thyroxine : The D-enantiomer of thyroxine.

Dextrothyroxine: The dextrorotary isomer of the synthetic THYROXINE.
D-tyrosine derivative;
thyroxine
rheindihydroxyanthraquinone
aloe emodinAloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe.

aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe
aromatic primary alcohol;
dihydroxyanthraquinone
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
chrysophanic acidchrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260

chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.
dihydroxyanthraquinoneanti-inflammatory agent;
antiviral agent;
plant metabolite
physcionephyscion : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources.

physcione: structure
dihydroxyanthraquinoneanti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite
2,4,6-triiodophenol
win 18446WIN 18446 : A carboxamide that is 1,8-diaminooctane in which a hydrogen attached to each of the amino groups has been replaced by a dichloroacetyl group. Inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a2 (ALDH1a2). Inhibits the biosynthesis of retinoic acid from retinol in neonatal and adult murine testis. It down-regulates sex related genes in zebrafish.organochlorine compound;
secondary carboxamide
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor
n-methylisatinN-methylisatin: structure given in first source
3,3',5'-triiodothyronineiodothyroninehuman metabolite
diacereindiacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase;anthraquinone
2,2',6,6'-tetrachlorobiphenyl2,2',6,6'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: structure in first source
18-crown-618-crown-6 : A crown ether that is cyclooctadecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.crown ether;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
phase-transfer catalyst
daunorubicinanthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.

daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.

Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.
aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
triclabendazolearomatic ether
mifepristoneMifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound
abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
epigallocatechin gallate(-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.

epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis)
flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
tetraiodothyroacetic acid3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is thyroacetic acid carrying four iodo substituents at positions 3, 3', 5 and 5'.

tetraiodothyroacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure
2-halophenol;
aromatic ether;
iodophenol;
monocarboxylic acid
apoptosis inducer;
human metabolite;
thyroid hormone
9,10-anthraquinone 2-carboxylic acid9,10-anthraquinone 2-carboxylic acid: structure in first source
4-(diethylamino)benzaldehyde4-(diethylamino)benzaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes carrying a diethylamino substituent at position 4.aromatic amine;
benzaldehydes;
tertiary amino compound
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor
aceclofenacamino acid;
carboxylic ester;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
leupeptinaldehyde;
tripeptide
bacterial metabolite;
calpain inhibitor;
cathepsin B inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor;
serine protease inhibitor
3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diol3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls formed formally by chlorination of biphenyl-4,4'-diol at C-3, -3', -5 and -5'.dichlorobenzene;
hydroxybiphenyls
desethylamiodaronedesethylamiodarone: metabolite of amiodarone; structure given in first sourcearomatic ketone
4-hydroxy-2',4',6'-trichlorobiphenyl4-hydroxy-2',4',6'-trichlorobiphenyl: do not confuse with the tetrachlorinated compound, also known as 4-OH-TCB (see 4-OH-TCB (tetra))biphenyls;
trichlorobenzene
daidzindaidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).

daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase
7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside;
hydroxyisoflavone;
monosaccharide derivative
plant metabolite
3,5-dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-l-thyronine3,5-dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-L-thyronine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer
e 64E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
guanidines;
L-leucine derivative;
zwitterion
antimalarial;
antiparasitic agent;
protease inhibitor
glabridinhydroxyisoflavansantiplasmodial drug
di-n-desethylamiodaronedi-N-desethylamiodarone: amiodarone metabolite in dogs; structure given in first source
dihydroguaiaretic aciddihydroguaiaretic acid: lignan extracted form Larrea divaricata; inhibitory to beef heart mitochondrial succinoxidase & NADH-oxidase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation
resveratroltrans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
tolfenamic acidtolfenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-chloro-2-methylphenyl group. Tolfenamic acid is used specifically for relieving the pain of migraine. It also shows anticancer activity.

tolfenamic acid: structure
aminobenzoic acid;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
xanthohumolxanthohumol : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from Humulus lupulus, it induces apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cells.

xanthohumol: from hop plant, Humulus lupulus
aromatic ether;
chalcones;
polyphenol
anti-HIV-1 agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.3.1.20 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor;
metabolite
7-butyl-8-[[4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-1,3-dimethylpurine-2,6-dionepiperazines
caffeic acidtrans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
methyl caffeatemethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester formed by the formal condensation of caffeic acid with methyl alcohol.

methyl caffeate: from plant Gaillardia pulchella
alkyl caffeate ester;
methyl ester
dasatinibdasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).

N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source
1,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
iododiflunisaliododiflunisal: an amyloid inhibitor; structure in first source
tolcaponetolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.

Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.
2-nitrophenols;
benzophenones;
catechols
antiparkinson drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
apigeninChamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
luteolin3'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone
angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
genistein7-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
daidzein7-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
caffeic acid phenethyl esterphenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.alkyl caffeate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
1,1-dimethylallyl caffeic acid ester1,1-dimethylallyl caffeic acid ester: structure given in first sourcehydroxycinnamic acid
rosmarinic acid(R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.

rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.

rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project
rosmarinic acidgeroprotector;
plant metabolite
cyclosporineramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MFhomodetic cyclic peptideanti-asthmatic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antirheumatic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
dermatologic drug;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
phenylethyl 3-methylcaffeatephenylethyl 3-methylcaffeate: a caffeic acid ester present in propolis, a natural resin produced by honey bees; structure given in first source
ethyl caffeate(E)-ethyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate: structure in first source

ethyl trans-caffeate : An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with ethanol.
alkyl caffeate ester;
ethyl ester;
hydroxycinnamic acid
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
gamma-mangostingamma-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antitumour activity.phenols;
xanthones
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor
pepstatinpepstatin: inhibits the aspartic protease endothiapepsinpentapeptide;
secondary carboxamide
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.4.23.* (aspartic endopeptidase) inhibitor
benzyl caffeatebenzyl caffeate: isolated from Liaoxi propolis
pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dionepregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione: steroid from guggulu extract; RN & N1 from C1 Form index; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source; antagonist of farnesoid X receptor3-hydroxy steroidandrogen
scy-635
ca 074
gc 1 compoundGC 1 compound: structure in first sourcediarylmethane
kb 141KB 141: an anticholesteremic agent; structure in first source
kb 130015KB 130015: structure in first source
cgs 23425CGS 23425: structure given in first source
3,5-dibromo-4-(4-hydroxy-3-isopropylphenoxy)phenylacetic acid3,5-dibromo-4-(4-hydroxy-3-isopropylphenoxy)phenylacetic acid: a thyroid receptor beta1 agonist; structure in first source
odanacatibodanacatib: a selective inhibitor of cathepsin K for the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis; structure in first source
kb 21153-((3,5-dibromo-4-(4-hydroxy-3-(1-methylethyl)phenoxy)phenyl)amino)-3-oxopropanoic acid: a thyroid hormone receptor agonist with anticholesteremic activity
tafamidistafamidis : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazole-6-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. Used (as its meglumine salt) for the amelioration of transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis.

tafamidis: may be effective in treating transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathy
1,3-benzoxazoles;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid
central nervous system drug
calpain inhibitor iiicalpain inhibitor III: potential anticataract drug
fg-4592roxadustat : An N-acylglycine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of glycine with the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-7-phenoxyisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. It is an inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH).

roxadustat: structure in first source
aromatic ether;
isoquinolines;
N-acylglycine
EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.11.29 (hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor
mgl-3196resmetirom: a thyroid hormone receptor-beta agonist
nuclear fast rednuclear fast red : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of 4-amino-1,3-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonic acid. It forms bright red lakes with calcium and is a useful red nuclear staining lake with aluminum.

nuclear fast red: structure in first source; do not confuse with nuclear fast red (basic dye)
organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye
gallinamide agallinamide A: antimalarial peptide from marine cyanobacteria
ucph 1012-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7-(naphthalen-1-yl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile: structure in first source
6-(3,5-difluoroanilino)-9-ethyl-2-purinecarbonitrile6-aminopurines
9-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-6-(ethylamino)-2-purinecarbonitrileimidazoles
grassystatin agrassystatin A: isolated from a cyanobacterium, identified as Lyngbya cf.; structure in first source
idarucizumab