equol profile

Equol: A non-steroidal ESTROGEN generated when soybean products are metabolized by certain bacteria in the intestines. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	91469
CHEMBL ID	198877
CHEBI ID	34741
SCHEMBL ID	43647
MeSH ID	M0555367

Synonym
BIDD:ER0148
3,4-dihydro-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-(s)-2h-1-benzopyran-7-ol
einecs 208-522-2
ccris 9222
(s)-3,4-dihydro-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2h-1-benzopyran-7-ol
531-95-3
equol
(3s)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-7-ol
CHEMBL198877 ,
chebi:34741 ,
(s)-equol
(3s)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2h-chromen-7-ol
A829437
(s) -3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) chroman-7-ol
(-)-equol
unii-2t6d2hpx7q
(3s)-equol
7,4'-isoflavandiol
aus 131
s-equol
(-)-(s)-equol
4',7-dihydroxyisoflavan
se 5oh
(s)-(-)-4',7-isoflavandiol
2t6d2hpx7q ,
bdbm50410528
(s)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-7-ol
equol, (s)-
equol [inci]
equol (s)-form
2h-1-benzopyran-7-ol, 3,4-dihydro-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-, (3s)-
(3s)-3,4-dihydro-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2h-1-benzopyran-7-ol
equol, (-)-
equol [mi]
S2450
(3s)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-7-ol
SCHEMBL43647
AC-34078
CS-7937
HY-100583
DTXSID0022309
EX-A1354
(3s)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-chromanol
(?)-equol
AS-71147
F17393
NCGC00386208-01
s-equol, >=97% (hplc)
SW219593-1
DB11674
Q5384747
ADFCQWZHKCXPAJ-GFCCVEGCSA-N
BCP13598
CCG-266891
AKOS016842347
mfcd00200962

Research Excerpts

Overview

Excerpt	Reference
"Equol is a metabolite of daidzein, a major soybean isoflavone with estrogenic and antioxidant activities. "	( Akahane, T; Fujinaga, Y; Furukawa, M; Kaji, K; Kawaratani, H; Kaya, D; Kitagawa, K; Miyakawa, H; Moriya, K; Namisaki, T; Noguchi, R; Ozutsumi, T; Sawada, Y; Takaya, H; Tsuji, Y; Yoshiji, H, 2021)
"Equol is an intestinal metabolite of a major soy isoflavone daidzein."	( Kamachi, S; Komatsu, S; Kumazoe, M; Lin, I; Murata, M; Oka, C; Tachibana, H; Yamashita, S, 2022)
"Equol, which is a metabolite of a soy isoflavone, has greater biological activity than other soy isoflavones."	( Chiba, Y; Takeda, T, 2022)
"Equol is an active metabolite of soy isoflavone. "	( Abe, K; Anzai, Y; Fujita, M; Hayashi, M; Imaizumi, H; Kogre, A; Kokubun, M; Ogata, T; Ohira, H; Takahashi, A, 2022)
"Equol is an isoflavone (ISF)-derived metabolite by the gut microbiome in certain individuals termed equol-producers (EP). "	( Barinas-Mitchell, E; Fujiyoshi, A; Hisamatsu, T; Kadota, A; Kondo, K; Magnani, J; Miura, K; Okami, Y; Sekikawa, A; Torii, S; Ueshima, H; Yano, Y; Zhang, X, 2022)
"Equol is a metabolite of soy isoflavone and has estrogenic activity. "	( Abe, K; Abe, N; Anzai, Y; Fujita, M; Hayashi, M; Imaizumi, H; Kogure, A; Kokubun, M; Ogata, T; Ohira, H; Sugaya, T; Takahashi, A; Takahata, Y, 2023)
"Equol (EQ) is a prominent microbial metabolite of the soy isoflavone, daidzein, with estrogen-like properties. "	( Doerge, DR; Helferich, WG; Hughes, JR; Iwaniec, UT; Song, H; Turner, RT, 2020)
"Equol is a metabolite of daidzein and has a higher biological activity than daidzein. "	( Cao, LK; Ge, YF; Wang, WH; Wei, CH, 2020)
"Equol (Eq) is a metabolite of soy isoflavone daidzein (De) produced by the intestinal microbiota. "	( Fukiya, S; Nanba, F; Suzuki, T; Toda, T; Watanabe, M; Yokota, A; Yoshioka, H, 2020)
"Equol is a soy isoflavone metabolite that can be produced by intestinal bacteria. "	( Hod, R; Maniam, S; Mohd Nor, NH, 2021)
"Equol, which is an active metabolite of isoflavone, has a beneficial impact on metabolic diseases such as dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. "	( Abe, K; Anzai, Y; Fujita, M; Hayashi, M; Imaizumi, H; Ohira, H; Takahashi, A; Tanji, N, 2021)
"S-equol is a major metabolite of dietary soy isoflavones with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and it has many beneficial effects on human health, including alleviation of menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, cancer, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and cognitive dysfunction."	( Chen, Y; Fan, B; Gao, R; Jiang, N; Liu, X; Lu, C; Sun, J; Wang, F; Wang, Q; Zhang, Y, 2021)
"Equol is a bacterial metabolite produced in about 20-60% of the population that harbor and exhibit specific gut microbiota capable of producing it from daidzein."	( Baerga-Ortiz, A; Cubano, LA; Dharmawardhane, S; Godoy-Vitorino, F; Hunter-Mellado, R; Lacourt-Ventura, MY; Lampe, JW; Maldonado-Martínez, G; Martínez-Montemayor, MM; Maysonet, J; Miranda, C; Rivera-Rodríguez, D; Rosario-Acevedo, R; Ruiz, Y; Vargas, D; Vilanova-Cuevas, B, 2021)
"Equol is a nonsteroidal estrogen that is produced by intestinal bacterial metabolism. "	( Kang, SC; Kim, D; Kim, I; Kwon, JE; Lim, J, 2018)
"S-Equol is a metabolite of daidzein, a type of soy isoflavone, and three reductases are involved in the conversion of daidzein by specific intestinal bacteria. "	( Ebihara, A; Goshima, T; Inagaki, M; Kato, Y; Kawada, Y; Kuwata, K; Niwa, T; Sakurada, O; Sawamura, R; Suzuki, T; Yamaguchi, K; Yanase, E; Yokoyama, SI, 2018)
"Equol is an active metabolite of isoflavones produced by gut microbiota. "	( Ishigaki, Y; Myint, KZ; Ohta, H; Yoshikata, R, 2019)
"S-equol is a metabolite of dietary soy isoflavone daidzein by gut microbiome and possesses the most antiatherogenic properties among all isoflavones."	( Aizenstein, H; Chang, YF; Cui, C; Higashiyama, A; Ihara, M; Kakuta, C; Kuller, L; Lopez, O; Lopresti, B; Mathis, C; Miyamoto, Y; Sekikawa, A, 2019)
"Equol is a major isoflavone metabolite, and equol-producing bacteria have been isolated and characterized; however, fermentation has been performed with soybean-based products as substrates. "	( Bang, I; Kang, SC; Kim, D; Kim, I; Kwon, JE; Lim, J, 2019)
"Equol is a metabolite of isoflavone daidzein and has an affinity to estrogen receptors. "	( Chinda, D; Fukuda, S; Iino, C; Iino, K; Nakaji, S; Sakuraba, H; Shimoyama, T; Yokoyama, Y, 2019)
"Equol is an active metabolite of daidzein, an isoflavone produced from soy by intestinal microbial flora, with beneficial effects on the vascular system."	( Kobayashi, S; Kobayashi, T; Kojima, M; Matsumoto, T; Taguchi, K; Takayanagi, K, 2019)
"Equol is a nonsteroidal oestrogen of the isoflavone class. "	( Ishii, Y; Kimura, S; Tanaka, Y; Tateda, K, 2019)
"Equol is a polyphenolic/isoflavonoid molecule that can be expressed as isomers. "	( Lephart, ED, 2013)
"Equol, which is a metabolite of one of the major soybean isoflavones called daidzein, is produced in the gastrointestinal tract by certain intestinal microbiota where present."	( Abe, F; Ishimi, Y; Kimira, Y; Tousen, Y; Uehara, M, 2013)
"Equol is a biologically active isoflavone-related metabolite with interindividual differences in its production."	( Fujiwara, S; Kotani, K; Sakane, N; Takahashi, K; Tsuzaki, K; Uchiyama, S; Usui, T, 2014)
"Equol is a potential anticancer agent against HeLa, with possible mechanisms involved in ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane alteration."	( Kim, AK; Kim, EY; Park, YJ; Shin, JY, 2014)
"Equol is a metabolite of daidzein that is more potent than daidzein itself."	( Hidayat, A, 2015)
"Equol is a metabolite of daidzein that is produced by intestinal microbiota. "	( Hori, S; Nakagawa, H; Sugahara, T; Tamura, M; Yamauchi, S, 2016)
"Equol is a non-steroidal estrogen metabolite produced by microbial conversion of daidzein, a major soy isoflavone, in the gut of some humans and many animal species. "	( Flaws, JA; Gao, L; Gonnering, M; Helferich, W; Mahalingam, S, 2016)
"Equol is a metabolite of the soya isoflavone (ISO) daidzein that is produced by intestinal microbiota. "	( Ishimi, Y; Kobayashi, I; Matsumoto, C; Matsumoto, Y; Nagahata, Y; Nishide, Y; Tousen, Y, 2016)
"Equol is an isoflavone metabolized from daidzein in the presence of certain intestinal bacteria."	( Akasaka, H; Akaza, H; Fukuta, F; Masumori, N; Miura, T; Mori, M; Moriyama, K; Nagata, Y; Ohnishi, H; Saitoh, S; Sugiyama, Y; Takayanagi, A; Tsuji, H; Tsukamoto, T, 2016)
"Equol is a naturally bacterially-derived metabolite of daidzein and is produced by bacteria in the gut of those humans capable of hosting the particular organism."	( Burdock, GA; Enomoto, Y; Hamada, S; Itoh, T; Kurata, Y; Narumi, K; Shimomura, Y; Ueno, T; Yee, S, 2008)
"Equol is a metabolite of daidzein with greater estrogenic activity and antioxidant capacity than its precursor. "	( Failla, ML; Walsh, KR, 2009)
"Equol is a metabolite produced from daidzein by enteric microflora, and it has attracted a great deal of attention because of its protective or ameliorative ability against several sex hormone-dependent diseases (e.g., menopausal disorder and lower bone density), which is more potent than that of other isoflavonoids. "	( Abiru, Y; Hayashi, T; Hishigaki, H; Miyazawa, N; Sato, I; Shimada, Y; Takahashi, M; Uchiyama, S; Yasuda, S, 2010)
"Equol is a unique compound in that it can exert oestrogenic effects, but is also a potent antagonist of dihydrotestosterone in vivo."	( Magee, PJ, 2011)
"Equol is a metabolite of the isoflavone daidzein and may play a critical role in preventing bone loss by soy isoflavones in postmenopausal women. "	( Ezaki, J; Fujii, Y; Ishimi, Y; Nishimuta, M; Tousen, Y; Ueno, T, 2011)
"Equol (EQ) is a metabolite produced by gut bacteria through the chemical reduction of the soya isoflavone daidzein (DE), but only by 30-60% of the population. "	( Franke, AA; Lai, JF; Maskarinec, G; Morimoto, Y; Pagano, I, 2012)
"S-Equol is a metabolite resulting from the conversion of daidzein, a soya phyto-oestrogen, by the gut microflora. "	( Bernard-Gallon, D; Bignon, YJ; Bosviel, R; Déchelotte, P; Durif, J, 2012)
"S-equol is a natural product that is produced by the microbial biotransformation of daidzein, an isoflavone found in soy. "	( Jackson, RL; Nguyen, L; Plomley, JB; Schwen, RJ, 2012)
"S-equol is a selective estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist which is produced in certain individuals after ingestion of its precursor daidzein, an isoflavone present in soy. "	( Jackson, RL; Nguyen, L; Schwen, RJ, 2012)
"Equol is an isoflavone (IF) metabolite produced by intestinal microbiota in a subset of people consuming dietary soy. "	( Adams, MR; Cline, JM; Dewi, FN; Franke, AA; Golden, DL; Hullar, MA; Lampe, JW; Wood, CE, 2012)
"Equol is a biologically active metabolite of daidzein that has potent antiproliferative effects on benign and malignant prostatic epithelial cells at concentrations that can be obtained naturally through dietary soy consumption."	( Hedlund, TE; Johannes, WU; Miller, GJ, 2003)
"Equol is a metabolite produced in vivo from the soy phytoestrogen daidzein by the action of gut microflora. "	( Doerge, DR; Helferich, WG; Ju, YH; Katzenellenbogen, BS; Katzenellenbogen, JA; Muthyala, RS; Sheng, S; Williams, LD, 2004)
"Equol is an intestinal bacterial metabolite of daidzein."	( Allred, KF; Doerge, DR; Fultz, J; Helferich, WG; Ju, YH, 2006)
"Equol is a modest natriuretic and vasorelaxant agent in the rat. "	( Alda, JO; Alvarez-Guerra, M; Garay, RP; Gimenez, I; Lou, M; Martinez, RM; Mayoral, JA; Vargas, F, 1997)
"Equol is an isoflavonoid phytoestrogen produced from the soy isoflavone daidzein by gut microflora. "	( Hutchins, AM; Karr, SC; Lampe, JW; Slavin, JL, 1998)

Effects

Excerpt	Reference
"Equol has a greater antioxidant activity than the parent isoflavone compounds genistein and daidzein, found in high concentration in soy."	( Hodis, HN; Hwang, J; Morazzoni, P; Sevanian, A; Wang, J, 2003)
"S-equol has a high affinity for estrogen receptor beta (K(i) = 0.73 nmol/L), whereas R-equol is relatively inactive."	( Brown, NM; Castellani, D; Clerici, C; Cole, SJ; Handa, RJ; Heenan, C; Heubi, JE; Lephart, ED; Lund, TD; Nechemias-Zimmer, L; Setchell, KD; Wolfe, BE, 2005)
"Equol has been shown to inhibit proliferation of HeLa human cervical cancer cells and mouse melanoma B16 cells in an ER-independent manner."	( Kamachi, S; Komatsu, S; Kumazoe, M; Lin, I; Murata, M; Oka, C; Tachibana, H; Yamashita, S, 2022)
"S-equol has better permeability to the blood-brain barrier than soy isoflavones, although their affinity to estrogen receptor-β is similar."	( Butts, B; Fort, A; Garfein, J; Goon, S; Hughes, TM; Li, J; Li, M; Sekikawa, A; Veliky, CV; Wharton, W, 2022)
"Equol has been shown to improve skin health and regeneration, due to its antioxidative, phytoestrogenic and epigenetic characteristics. "	( Dum, E; Gaisberger, D; Haslberger, AG; Magnet, U; Pointner, A; Tomeva, E; Urbanek, C, 2017)
"Equol has higher biological effects than other isoflavones. "	( Hou, Y; Su, Y; Yao, W; Zheng, W, 2014)
"Equol has the ability to reduce the toxic action of neutrophils."	( Drábiková, K; Harmatha, J; Jančinová, V; Lucová, M; Nosál, R; Pažoureková, S; Šmidrkal, J, 2016)
"Equol has greater oestrogenic activity compared with other ISO, and it prevents bone loss in postmenopausal women."	( Ishimi, Y; Kobayashi, I; Matsumoto, C; Matsumoto, Y; Nagahata, Y; Nishide, Y; Tousen, Y, 2016)
"Equol has body weight control effects in females that are dependent on ovarian status and/or age of diet initiation."	( Blake, C; Fabick, KM; Lephart, ED; Lund, TD; Setchell, KD, 2011)
"Equol has greater estrogenic activity than genistein and daidzein, with its production shown to be promoted by dietary fiber."	( Abe, F; Ishida, T; Ishimi, Y; Tousen, Y; Uehara, M, 2011)
"Equol has a greater antioxidant activity than the parent isoflavone compounds genistein and daidzein, found in high concentration in soy."	( Hodis, HN; Hwang, J; Morazzoni, P; Sevanian, A; Wang, J, 2003)
"S-equol has a high affinity for estrogen receptor beta (K(i) = 0.73 nmol/L), whereas R-equol is relatively inactive."	( Brown, NM; Castellani, D; Clerici, C; Cole, SJ; Handa, RJ; Heenan, C; Heubi, JE; Lephart, ED; Lund, TD; Nechemias-Zimmer, L; Setchell, KD; Wolfe, BE, 2005)
"Equol has been suggested to possess protective effects on bone. "	( Han, MH; Han, SB; Jeon, YJ; Kang, JS; Kang, MR; Kim, HM; Lee, K; Moon, EY; Park, SK; Yoon, YD, 2005)

Actions

Excerpt	Reference
"R equol can inhibit the proliferation of HCT-15 cell through antioxidative activity, while( S) equol has no effect on the proliferation of HCT-15 cell."	( Cai, Y; Ma, D; Wang, Y; Zou, Y, 2019)
"Equol and Ahiflower oil have been shown to increase either eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) levels in tissues of rainbow trout when applied individually. "	( Fickler, A; Hasler, M; Michl, SC; Rimbach, G; Schulz, C; Staats, S, 2018)
"The equol could inhibit the proliferation of the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and its inhibitory effect may be due to inducing apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, down-regulating the expression of bag-1, bcl-2, VEGF, p-ERK1/2 and p-p38 protein."	( Ren, G; Wang, M, 2014)
"Equol plays an important role in health."	( Wang, Y; Zhang, Y, 2010)
"Equol producers had lower uterine weight, vaginal epithelial thickness, total uterine area, endometrial area, and endometrial luminal epithelial height compared with nonproducers (P < 0.05 for all), with an association between microbiota status and estrous cycle (P > chi-square = 0.03)."	( Adams, MR; Cline, JM; Dewi, FN; Franke, AA; Golden, DL; Hullar, MA; Lampe, JW; Wood, CE, 2012)

Treatment

Excerpt	Reference
"S-(-)equol treatment affected Nrf2 mRNA only slightly but significantly increased HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA."	( Chen, J; Kang, C; Liang, X; Mi, M; Shi, L; Wang, L; Zhang, T; Zhu, J, 2013)
"Equol treatment inhibited HeLa cell proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manner. "	( Kim, AK; Kim, EY; Park, YJ; Shin, JY, 2014)
"Equol treatment increased transcripts of TLR4, TNFα and IL-1β (P < 0.05)."	( Gou, Z; Jiang, S; Lin, X; Tian, Z; Zheng, C, 2015)
"Equol treatment significantly induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest (P < 0.05), with the percentages of G0/G1 cells of 32.23% ± 3.62%, 36.31% ± 0.24%, 45.58% ± 2.29%, and 65.10% ± 2.04% for equol (0, 10, 20, or 30 μmol/L) treatment, respectively, accompanied by a significant decrease of CDK2/4 (P < 0.05 for 24 and 48 h treatment) and Cyclin D1/Cyclin E1 (P < 0.05), and an increased level of P21(WAF1) (P < 0.05)."	( Chen, J; Huang, F; Li, J; Wu, XN; Yang, ZP; Yao, YH; Zhao, Y, 2015)
"Equol-treated DHRs showed a significant decrease in both the swimming distance and time required to reach the escape platform (78.20 to 82.56%, p < 0.05)."	( Liu, TH; Tsai, TY, 2016)
"Equol pretreatment effectively inhibited the H(2)O(2)-induced cell death by the reduction of intracellular ROS production (P<0.05)."	( Chae, B; Chung, JE; Hwang, SJ; Jo, HH; Kim, EJ; Kim, JH; Kim, MR; Kim, SY; Kwon, DJ; Lew, YO; Lim, YT, 2008)
"Equol treatment had no effects on pituitary ERalpha or ERbeta gene expression."	( Rachoń, D; Seidlová-Wuttke, D; Vortherms, T; Wuttke, W, 2007)
"Mice treated with equol had lower inflammatory cytokines in the cerebral arteries, suggesting that phytoestrogens modulate inflammatory processes important to intracranial aneurysm pathogenesis."	( Ai, J; Baranoski, JF; Eguchi, S; Hashimoto, T; Kamio, Y; Kuwabara, A; Lawton, MT; Margaryan, T; Purcell, J; Rahmani, R; Rutledge, C; Sato, H; Tovmasyan, A; Yokosuka, K, 2021)

Pathways (1)

equol is involved in 1 pathway(s), involving a total of 3 unique proteins and 11 unique compounds

Class	Description
hydroxyisoflavans	A member of the class of isoflavans in which one or more ring hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy groups.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
daidzin and daidzein degradation	3	11

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	5.8760	0.0000	0.7237	32.7000	AID1855803
Androgen receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	74.1310	0.0010	1.9794	14.1600	AID255211
Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	5.5710	0.0001	0.5294	32.7000	AID1855804
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
antral ovarian follicle growth	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell development	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodeling	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
androgen metabolic process	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
male gonad development	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phospholipase C activity	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estradiol	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estrogen	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferation	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell differentiation	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
uterus development	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
vagina development	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
prostate epithelial cord elongation	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
prostate epithelial cord arborization involved in prostate glandular acinus morphogenesis	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
mammary gland branching involved in pregnancy	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
mammary gland alveolus development	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland duct elongation	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to chromatin	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estradiol stimulus	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA transcription	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estrogen stimulus	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signaling	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growth	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estradiol stimulus	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estrogen stimulus	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
TFIIB-class transcription factor binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coregulator binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription corepressor binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-catenin binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
TBP-class protein binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear estrogen receptor activity	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear estrogen receptor binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen response element binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear steroid receptor activity	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid binding	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear estrogen receptor activity	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen response element binding	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor antagonist activity	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nucleus	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
euchromatin	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1347160	Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347159	Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1851305	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Biocatalytic synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of hydroxyequols.
AID255211	Inhibitory concentration against recombinant rat androgen receptor expressed in Escherichia coli using [3H]methyltrienolone (R 1881)	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-08, Volume: 48, Issue:18	Impact of induced fit on ligand binding to the androgen receptor: a multidimensional QSAR study to predict endocrine-disrupting effects of environmental chemicals.
AID1851309	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Biocatalytic synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of hydroxyequols.
AID401477	Displacement of [3H]diazepam from benzodiazepine receptor in rat cerebral cortex membrane
AID1851306	Antioxidant activity assessed as trolox equivalent of DPPH radical scavenging activity by DPPH assay relative to trolox	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Biocatalytic synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of hydroxyequols.
AID1851307	Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH radical scavenging activity by DPPH assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Biocatalytic synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of hydroxyequols.
AID1855803	Displacement of EL red from human full-length ER-alpha expressed in baculovirus expression system incubated for 2 hrs by fluorescence polarization assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-05, Volume: 241	An overview on Estrogen receptors signaling and its ligands in breast cancer.
AID1851308	Bactericidal activity against Bacillus subtilis assessed as decrease in cell survival	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Biocatalytic synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of hydroxyequols.
AID1851310	Bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli assessed as decrease in cell survival	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Biocatalytic synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of hydroxyequols.
AID1855804	Displacement of EL red from human full-length ER-beta expressed in baculovirus expression system incubated for 2 hrs by fluorescence polarization assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-05, Volume: 241	An overview on Estrogen receptors signaling and its ligands in breast cancer.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	23 (3.53)	18.7374
1990's	43 (6.60)	18.2507
2000's	202 (30.98)	29.6817
2010's	294 (45.09)	24.3611
2020's	90 (13.80)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	90 (13.39%)	5.53%
Reviews	47 (6.99%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	4 (0.60%)	0.25%
Other	531 (79.02%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (11)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Effect of Natural S-equol on Blood Pressure and Vascular funtion-a Six-month Randomized, Double-blind and Placebo-controlled Trial Among Equol Non-producers of Postmenopausal Women With Prehypertension or Untreated Stage 1 Hypertension[NCT02515682]		207 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Not yet recruiting
S-Equol in Alzheimer's Disease (SEAD) Trial[NCT02142777]	Phase 1	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
Acute Equol Supplementation and Vascular Function in Postmenopausal Women With and Without CKD[NCT06128278]	Phase 2	38 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-07	Recruiting
Arterial Stiffness, Cognition and Equol[NCT05741060]	Phase 2	400 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-29	Recruiting
Randomized, Double Blind, Multicenter, Placebo Controlled, Proof of Concept Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of 4 Weeks Treatment With AUS 131 (S Equol) on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia[NCT00962390]	Phase 2	116 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-06-30	Completed
Randomized, Double Blind, Multicenter, Placebo Controlled, Proof of Concept Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of 4 Weeks Treatment With AUS-131 (S-equol) on Vasomotor Symptoms in Menopausal Patients[NCT00962585]	Phase 2	169 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Completed
Randomized, Double-Blind, Single Rising Dose Study of S-equol in Normal Volunteers[NCT00787007]	Phase 1	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Completed
S-Equol in Alzheimer's Disease 2 (SEAD2) Trial[NCT03101085]	Phase 1/Phase 2	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-05-05	Completed
Randomized, Double-Blind, Rising Multiple Dose Study of S-Equol in Normal Volunteers[NCT00998920]	Phase 1	41 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-12-31	Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess a Nutritional Supplement on Vasomotor Symptoms In Perimenopausal and Menopausal Women[NCT04516304]		118 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-27	Completed
A Pre-surgical Clinical Trial of Therapy With S-equol in Women With Triple Negative Breast Cancer.[NCT02352025]	Early Phase 1	39 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-15	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Change From Baseline at Week 4 in Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Concentration.

Prostate specific antigen is considered to be the most sensitive measure of S-equol effects on the prostate, due to the expected effects of S-equol on the androgen receptor axis. In this proof-of-concept study, a population of 124 male subjects was estimated to achieve approximately 104 completed subjects (based on an estimated drop-out rate of 15%) to examine the dose-response compared to placebo. A sample size of 26 subjects in each treatment arm was considered to be adequate to observe a trend in this proof-of-concept study. (NCT00962390)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Intervention	ng/mL (Least Squares Mean)
S-equol 10 mg BID	-0.1
S-equol 50 mg BID	-0.1
S-equol 150 mg BID	-0.3
Placebo BID	-0.4

Investigators Assessment of Nocturia at Week 4

Investigators were asked to rate participant's change in nocturia since the Baseline Visit. (NCT00962390)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Intervention	number of times urinated at night (Median)
S-equol 10 mg BID	3.0
S-equol 50 mg BID	3.0
S-equol 150 mg BID	3.0
Placebo BID	3.0

Participants Assessment of Nocturia at Week 4

Participants were asked to rate their change in nocturia (number of times you wake from sleep to urinate) since the Baseline Visit. (NCT00962390)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Intervention	number of times to urinate at night (Median)
S-equol 10 mg BID	3.0
S-equol 50 mg BID	3.0
S-equol 150 mg BID	3.0
Placebo BID	3.0

Categorical Change in Qmax From Baseline at Week 4

(NCT00962390)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

,,,

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Week 4 Values, <=2 mL/sec	Week 4 Values, >2 mL/sec
Placebo BID	17	11
S-equol 10 mg BID	17	8
S-equol 150 mg BID	13	10
S-equol 50 mg BID	19	7

Change in DAN Prostate Symptom Scale From Baseline at Week 4

The questionnaire is made up of two kinds of questions: intensity of a symptom and bothersomeness of a symptom. Prostate symptoms are addressed in questions 1 - 12 and sexual function in questions 13 - 15. Patients indicate how intense/frequent (scoring 0, 1, 2, or 3; where 0 represents the best case and 3 the worst case) and how bothersome the symptom (scoring 0, 1, 2, or 3; where 0 is 'not at all' and 3 is 'very much'). DAN-PSS total and DAN-PSS total sexual function score were calculated by multiplying the frequency score by the trouble score of each symptom, and then adding the resulting figures. The possible values of DAN-PSS total ranged from 0 to 108 and of DAN-PSS total sexual function score ranged from 0 to 27. A reduction in DAN-PSS total and/or sexual function score is consistent with improved BPH symptoms/sexual functioning. (NCT00962390)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

,,,

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Total Score, Week 4 Values	Total Score, Change from Baseline	Sexual Function Score, Week 4 Values	Sexual Function Score, Change from Baseline
Placebo BID	20.3	-10.0	4.7	0.3
S-equol 10 mg BID	17.7	-8.2	2.2	-0.3
S-equol 150 mg BID	22.7	-4.7	5.6	-1.2
S-equol 50 mg BID	22.1	-11.5	4.2	0.2

Change in I-PSS Total Score From Baseline at Week 4

The International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) is based on the answers to seven questions concerning urinary symptoms and one question concerning quality of life. Each question concerning urinary symptoms allows the patient to choose one out of 6 answers indicating increasing severity of the particular symptom. The answers are assigned points from 0 to 5. The total score can therefore range from 0 to 35 (asymptomatic to very symptomatic). The first seven questions of the I-PSS are identical to the questions appearing on the American Urological Association (AUA) Symptom Index which currently categorizes symptoms as follows: Mild (symptom score less than of equal to 7); Moderate (symptom score range 8-19); and Severe (symptom score range 20-35). A reduction in I-PSS Total Score is consistent with improvement in symptoms of BPH. (NCT00962390)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

,,,

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Week 4 Values	Change from Baseline
Placebo BID	15.07	-5.96
S-equol 10 mg BID	15.56	-5.81
S-equol 150 mg BID	17.54	-4.15
S-equol 50 mg BID	17.46	-6.18

Change in in Dihydrotestosterone Concentration From Baseline at Week 4

(NCT00962390)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

,,,

Intervention	pg/mL (Mean)
	Week 4 Values	Change from Baseline
Placebo BID	502.4	-14.5
S-equol 10 mg BID	584.7	64.2
S-equol 150 mg BID	616.6	68.1
S-equol 50 mg BID	532.4	-6.2

Change in Luteinizing Hormone Concentration From Baseline at Week 4

(NCT00962390)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

,,,

Intervention	IU/L (Mean)
	Week 4 Values	Change from Baseline
Placebo BID	5.9	0.0
S-equol 10 mg BID	4.4	-0.6
S-equol 150 mg BID	6.1	-0.3
S-equol 50 mg BID	6.0	1.1

Change in Post-Void Residual Volume From Baseline at Week 4

(NCT00962390)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

,,,

Intervention	mL (Mean)
	Week 4 Values	Change from Baseline
Placebo BID	85.90	-6.28
S-equol 10 mg BID	77.90	2.51
S-equol 150 mg BID	52.46	-18.22
S-equol 50 mg BID	83.54	17.08

Change in Prostate Volume From Baseline at Week 4

Prostate size as measured by prostate volume as assessed by transrectal ultrasound. (NCT00962390)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

,,,

Intervention	mL (Mean)
	Week 4 Values	Change from Baseline
Placebo BID	39.73	-1.74
S-equol 10 mg BID	40.03	-3.03
S-equol 150 mg BID	39.16	-1.72
S-equol 50 mg BID	45.53	-0.25

Change in Qmax From Baseline at Week 4

(NCT00962390)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

,,,

Intervention	mL/sec (Mean)
	Week 4 Values	Change from Baseline
Placebo BID	13.40	2.25
S-equol 10 mg BID	11.00	0.96
S-equol 150 mg BID	14.40	2.49
S-equol 50 mg BID	10.10	-0.09

Change in Total Testosterone Concentration From Baseline at Week 4

(NCT00962390)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

,,,

Intervention	nmol/L (Mean)
	Week 4 Values	Change from Baseline
Placebo BID	351.3	-34.4
S-equol 10 mg BID	449.9	-8.1
S-equol 150 mg BID	314.0	3.7
S-equol 50 mg BID	310.3	-2.6

Change in Void Volume From Baseline at Week 4

(NCT00962390)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

,,,

Intervention	mL (Mean)
	Week 4 Values	Change from Baseline
Placebo BID	266.32	7.46
S-equol 10 mg BID	235.04	4.04
S-equol 150 mg BID	312.09	72.18
S-equol 50 mg BID	191.50	-58.00

Percent Change in Qmax From Baseline at Week 4

(NCT00962390)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

,,,

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Week 4 Values, <=30%	Week 4 Values, >30%
Placebo BID	19	9
S-equol 10 mg BID	18	7
S-equol 150 mg BID	13	9
S-equol 50 mg BID	22	4

Mean Precentage Change in the Menopause Rating Scale Total Score From Baseline at Week 4

Percentage change from Baseline at Week 4 = (Week 4 value - Day 0 value)/(Day 0 value) x 100. Note: MRS consists of 11 symptoms, where each symptom is assigned a score from 0 to 4 (0 = 'None' and 4 = 'Extremely severe'). (NCT00962585)
Timeframe: 4 weeks from Baseline (Day 0)

Intervention	Percentage Change (Mean)
S-equol 10 mg BID	-36.7
S-equol 50 mg BID	-37.4
S-equol 150 mg BID	-30.6
Placebo	-27.4

Percentage Change From Baseline in Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) - Sum of 3 Symptoms (Irritability, Dry Vagina, Joint/Muscular Discomfort)

Percentage change from Baseline at Week 4 = (Week 4 value - Day 0 value)/(Day 0 value) x 100. Note: Each MRS symptoms is assigned a score from 0 to 4 (0 = 'None' and 4 = 'Extremely severe'). (NCT00962585)
Timeframe: 4 weeks from Baseline (Day 0)

Intervention	Percentage Change (Mean)
S-equol 10 mg BID	-29.1
S-equol 50 mg BID	-32.7
S-equol 150 mg BID	-30.2
Placebo	-0.6

Change From Baseline (Day 0) in the Frequency of MSVS at Week 1 and Week 2

"The frequency of MSVS per week, at each of the protocol visits, was calculated as follows, for each patient: [# of Moderate+Severe hot flushes)/(Current protocol visit date-Previous protocol visit date (days)] * 7.~The ANCOVA procedure tested the following hypotheses:~H0: μ1 = μp versus HA: μ1 ≠ μp, where μ1 and μp denote the mean frequency of MSVS, adjusted for Baseline MSVS values, in the treatment and placebo groups, respectively.~LSMeans refer to the overall adjusted mean frequecy of MSVS." (NCT00962585)
Timeframe: 1 and 2 weeks from Baseline (Day 0)

,,,

Intervention	Number of MSVS/week (Mean)
	Week 1	Change from Baseline at Week 1	Week 1, LSMean	Week 2	Change from Baseline at Week 2	Week 2, LSMean
Placebo	54.1	-13.8	54.72	50.0	-17.9	50.66
S-equol 10 mg BID	53.6	-19.9	50.95	47.3	-23.3	43.96
S-equol 150 mg BID	54.4	-15.9	56.03	51.0	-19.4	51.56
S-equol 50 mg BID	63.1	-6.7	64.41	54.3	-14.8	54.22

Change From Baseline (Day 0) in the Severity of VMS as Recorded in the Patient Diary at Week 1, Week 2, and Week 4

"The severity of vasomotor symptoms per week at each of the protocol visits was calculated for each patient as follows: [(Sum of scores of Mild, Moderate, Severe hot flushes)/(Current protocol visit date - Previous protocol visit date (days)] * 7, where severity of vasomotor symptoms were scored as: 1 = mild, 2 = moderate and 3 = severe. Higher values represented worse severity.~LSMeans refer to the overall adjusted mean severity of VMS.~Hot Flush Classification: Mild: sensation of heat without sweating; Moderate: sensation of heat with sweating, able to continue activity; Severe: sensation of heat with sweating, causing cessation of activity.~Patients recorded the number of hot flushes (day and night) in their diaries related to the severity (mild/moderate/severe)." (NCT00962585)
Timeframe: 1, 2, and 4 weeks from Baseline (Day 0)

,,,

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 0)	Week 1	Change from Baseline at Week 1	Week 1, LSMean	Week 2	Change from Baseline at Week 2	Week 2, LSMean	Week 4	Change from Baseline at Week 4	Week 4, LSMean
Placebo	172.8	136.0	-36.8	137.27	128.7	-44.1	130.00	101.6	-71.2	102.96
S-equol 10 mg BID	188.6	139.0	-49.5	130.93	122.0	-60.4	113.86	110.5	-75.5	101.27
S-equol 150 mg BID	175.6	133.6	-41.8	139.36	126.2	-49.4	129.34	99.5	-76.2	101.67
S-equol 50 mg BID	177.1	160.4	-17.5	162.94	140.1	-35.3	138.73	120.3	-56.8	119.11

Change From Baseline (Day 0) in Vaginal pH at Week 2 and Week 4

"The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic. The pH scale is logarithmic and as a result, each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value.~Normal vaginal pH is 3.8 to 4.5, slightly acidic.~The LSMeans refer to overall adjusted mean pH." (NCT00962585)
Timeframe: 2 and 4 weeks from Baseline (Day 0)

,,,

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 0)	Week 2	Change from Baseline at Week 2	Week 2, LSMean	Week 4	Change from Baseline at Week 4	Week 4, LSMean
Placebo	5.7	5.8	0.0	5.72	5.8	0.0	5.74
S-equol 10 mg BID	5.5	5.4	-0.1	5.51	5.4	-0.2	5.48
S-equol 150 mg BID	5.8	5.8	-0.0	5.75	5.6	-0.3	5.50
S-equol 50 mg BID	5.5	5.4	-0.1	5.49	5.5	-0.0	5.61

Change From Baseline in Estradiol Concentration at Weeks 2 and 4

The LSMeans refer to overall adjusted mean estradiol concentration. (NCT00962585)
Timeframe: 2 and 4 weeks from Baseline (Day 0)

,,,

Intervention	Estradiol Concentration (pmol/L) (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 0)	Week 2	Change from Baseline at Week 2	Week 2, LSMean	Week 4	Change from Baseline at Week 4	Week 4, LSMean
Placebo	59.6	62.1	2.5	69.61	70.4	10.7	78.77
S-equol 10 mg BID	79.0	117.3	40.2	104.93	114.0	37.5	100.89
S-equol 150 mg BID	66.1	68.1	2.0	65.03	60.0	-6.7	56.03
S-equol 50 mg BID	65.7	72.2	6.7	73.22	82.8	20.3	86.56

Change From Baseline in Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) - Dryness of Vagina- S-equol Groups Combined

"The following analysis pre-specified the combining of all S-equol groups (S-equol 20 mg total daily dose, 100 mg total daily dose, and 300 mg total daily dose) into a single treatment group. The results from the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test (pair-wise test), based on the change from Baseline at Week 4, are presented.~Note: Dryness of Vagina was assigned a score from 0 to 4 (0 = 'None' and 4 = 'Extremely severe'" (NCT00962585)
Timeframe: 4 weeks from Baseline (Day 0)

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 0)	Week 4	Change from Baseline at Week 4
Placebo	1.5	1.4	-0.1
S-equol Groups Combined	1.5	1.1	-0.4

Change From Baseline in Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) - Sum of 3 Symptoms (Irritability, Dry Vagina, Joint/Muscular Discomfort) - S-equol Groups Combined

"The following analysis shows the results when the S-equol groups (S-equol 20 mg total daily dose, 100 mg total daily dose, and 300 mg total daily dose) are combined and regarded as a single treatment group.~Note: Each MRS symptoms was assigned a score from 0 to 4 (0 = 'None' and 4 = 'Extremely severe'" (NCT00962585)
Timeframe: 4 weeks from Baseline (Day 0)

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 0)	Week 4	Change from Baseline at Week 4
Placebo	3.4	2.9	0.0
S-equol Groups Combined	4.1	2.7	-1.4

Change From Baseline in Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) - Sum of 3 Symptoms (Irritability, Dry Vagina, Joint/Muscular Discomfort)

"Note: Each MRS symptoms is assigned a score from 0 to 4 (0 = 'None' and 4 = 'Extremely severe').~Scores for Symptoms 5, 10, and 11 on the MRS were summed and analyzed. Total summed scores ranged from 0 to 12, with higher scores representing more severe symptoms." (NCT00962585)
Timeframe: 4 weeks from Baseline (Day 0)

,,,

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 0)	Week 4	Change from Baseline at Week 4
Placebo	3.4	2.9	-0.5
S-equol 10 mg BID	4.0	2.8	-1.3
S-equol 150 mg BID	4.0	2.5	-1.5
S-equol 50 mg BID	4.2	2.8	-1.5

Change From Baseline in Progesterone Concentration at Week 2 and Week 4

No repeated measures ANCOVA results are presented for change from Baseline in progesterone concentrations since the model did not converge. (NCT00962585)
Timeframe: 2 and 4 weeks from Baseline (Day 0)

,,,

Intervention	Progesterone Concentration (nmol/L) (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 0)	Week 2	Change from Baseline at Week 2	Week 4	Change from Baseline at Week 4
Placebo	1.1	1.0	-0.0	1.1	-0.0
S-equol 10 mg BID	1.1	1.2	0.0	7.0	5.9
S-equol 150 mg BID	1.3	1.1	-0.2	1.4	0.1
S-equol 50 mg BID	1.1	1.3	0.1	1.1	-0.0

Change From Baseline in Vaginal Maturation Index at Week 2 and Week 4

"The Vaginal Maturation Index was calculated by examining the maturation of the vaginal epithelium as adjudged by the cell types exfoliated. Parabasal cells are the least mature cells, intermediate cells display mild maturation, and superficial cells display the most maturity. The cell count is expressed as a percentage. The Vaginal Maturation Index was calculated as: 0.2*(parabasal cells, %)+0.6*(intermediate cells, %)+1.0*(superficial cells, %). This method is described in Menopause 2005;12(6):708-15.~The index serves as an objective means of evaluating hormonal secretion or response; lower values indicate more immature cells on the surface (atrophy), while higher values indicate more mature epithelium.~The LSMeans refer to overall adjusted mean percent of cells counted." (NCT00962585)
Timeframe: 2 and 4 weeks from Baseline (Day 0)

,,,

Intervention	percentage of cells (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 0)	Week 2	Change from Baseline at Week 2	Week 2, LSMean	Week 4	Change from Baseline at Week 4	Week 4, LSMean
Placebo	43.5	47.0	3.9	52.47	48.1	5.2	53.26
S-equol 10 mg BID	52.6	54.5	-0.7	50.89	56.5	1.7	53.58
S-equol 150 mg BID	50.9	50.8	0.6	50.88	51.3	0.3	51.01
S-equol 50 mg BID	55.7	54.3	-1.3	50.89	51.7	-3.7	47.75

Mean Change in Frequency of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms (MSVS) Baseline at Week 4 (2-week Period)

"The primary efficacy endpoint for this study was the change from Baseline (Day 0) in the frequency of MSVS (difference between Baseline [2-week run-in period] and Week 4), where the baseline MSVS frequency was captured over 14 ± 2 day period. Moderate is defined as sensation of heat with sweating, able to continue activity; severe is defined as sensation of heat with sweating, causing cessation of activity. Patients used the take-home daily diary to record MSVS information during the run-in period and treatment period and analyses were performed as specified.~Treatment group differences are estimated using least squares (LS) means and 95% confidence intervals based on the mean square error from the ANCOVA. LSMeans refer to overall adjusted mean frequency of MSVS." (NCT00962585)
Timeframe: 4 weeks from Baseline (2-week run-in period)

,,,

Intervention	Number of MSVS/2 weeks (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 0)	Week 4	Change from Baseline at Week 4	LSMean
Placebo	67.9	39.3	-28.6	39.65
S-equol 10 mg BID	73.5	41.7	-30.1	40.78
S-equol 150 mg BID	70.4	39.3	-31.1	40.59
S-equol 50 mg BID	69.5	46.1	-23.4	46.63

Mean Change in Frequency of MSVS From Baseline at Week 4 (1-week Period)

"Change from Baseline in the frequency of MSVS (difference between Baseline [period following first 7 days of 2-week run-in period] and period following first 7 days of 2-week Week 4 period), where the Baseline MSVS frequency was captured at visit 3 (Day 0), in the period following the first 7 days, as per CRF. Note: this endpoint is identical to the primary endpoint, however, instead of a 14 ± 2 day period, the period following the first 7 days was used, at Baseline and visit 3.~Treatment group differences are estimated using least squares (LS) means and 95% confidence intervals based on the mean square error from the ANCOVA. LSMeans refer to overall adjusted mean frequency of MSVS." (NCT00962585)
Timeframe: 4 weeks from Baseline (period following first 7 days of 2-week run-in period)

,,,

Intervention	Number of MSVS/week (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 0)	Week 4	Change from Baseline at Week 4	LSMean
Placebo	67.9	40.2	-27.6	40.23
S-equol 10 mg BID	73.0	40.0	-30.2	40.04
S-equol 150 mg BID	69.5	37.1	-32.6	38.60
S-equol 50 mg BID	71.4	45.5	-24.9	44.99

Mean Change in the Menopause Rating Scale Total Score From Baseline at Week 4

"MRS consists of 11 menopause symptoms. The scoring scheme is simple, i.e., the score increases point by point with increasing severity of subjectively perceived symptoms in each of the 11 items (severity 0 [no complaints] 4 scoring points [extremely severe symptoms]). The respondent provides her personal perception by checking one of 5 possible boxes of severity for each of the items. The composite score (total score) is the sum of the 11 item scores, which can range from 0 (no symptoms) to 44 (extremely severe symptoms). Low total scores represent less severe menopause symptoms while higher scores represent more severe symptoms." (NCT00962585)
Timeframe: 4 weeks from Baseline (Day 0)

,,,

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 0)	Week 4	Change from Baseline at Week 4
Placebo	14.5	9.9	-4.6
S-equol 10 mg BID	16.9	11.5	-5.3
S-equol 150 mg BID	15.7	9.7	-6.0
S-equol 50 mg BID	17.3	10.8	-6.4

Article	Year
Association between lignan polyphenol bioavailability and enterotypes of isoflavone metabolism: A cross-sectional analysis. PloS one, Volume: 18, Issue: 12	2023
Association between urinary zinc excretion and isoflavone-metabolizing enterotypes among Japanese females: a cross-sectional study. Environmental health and preventive medicine, Volume: 28	2023
Gut microbiota and acylcarnitine metabolites connect the beneficial association between equol and adiposity in adults: a prospective cohort study. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 12-19, Volume: 116, Issue: 6	2022
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Molecular pharmacology, Volume: 96, Issue: 5	2019
The influence of microbial isoflavonoid specific metabolites on platelets and transition metals iron and copper. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, Volume: 62	2019
Effectiveness of natural S-equol supplement for premenstrual symptoms: protocol of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMJ open, 07-18, Volume: 8, Issue: 7	2018
Premenstrual symptoms interference and equol production status in Japanese collegiate athletes: A cross-sectional study. The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research, Volume: 44, Issue: 3	2018
Bioconversion Using Lactic Acid Bacteria: Ginsenosides, GABA, and Phenolic Compounds. Journal of microbiology and biotechnology, May-28, Volume: 27, Issue: 5	2017
Interactions of gut microbiota with dietary polyphenols and consequences to human health. Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, Volume: 19, Issue: 6	2016
Relative Inhibitions of 5-Lipoxygenase and Myeloperoxidase and Free-Radical Scavenging Activities of Daidzein, Dihydrodaidzein, and Equol. Journal of medicinal food, Volume: 19, Issue: 6	2016
Evaluation of Levothyroxine Bioavailability after Oral Administration of a Fixed Combination of Soy Isoflavones in Post-menopausal Female Volunteers. Drug research, Volume: 66, Issue: 3	2016
Red clover isoflavone metabolite bioavailability is decreased after fructooligosaccharide supplementation. Fitoterapia, Volume: 105	2015
[Equol: a metabolite of soy isoflavones by intestinal microflora--a review]. Wei sheng wu xue bao = Acta microbiologica Sinica, Dec-04, Volume: 53, Issue: 12	2013
S-(-)equol producing status not associated with breast cancer risk among low isoflavone-consuming US postmenopausal women undergoing a physician-recommended breast biopsy. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), Volume: 34, Issue: 2	2014
The role of soy isoflavones in menopausal health: report of The North American Menopause Society/Wulf H. Utian Translational Science Symposium in Chicago, IL (October 2010). Menopause (New York, N.Y.), Volume: 18, Issue: 7	2011
Apparent bioavailability of isoflavones in urinary excretions of postmenopausal Malay women consuming tempeh compared with milk. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, Volume: 62, Issue: 6	2011
Resistant starch promotes equol production and inhibits tibial bone loss in ovariectomized mice treated with daidzein. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, Volume: 60, Issue: 10	2011
Development of bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay for s-equol using firefly luciferase and its application to the assessment of equol-producer status. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, Volume: 59, Issue: 1	2011
Cosupplementation of isoflavones, prenylflavonoids, and lignans alters human exposure to phytoestrogen-derived 17beta-estradiol equivalents. The Journal of nutrition, Volume: 139, Issue: 12	2009
The pharmacokinetics of S-(-)equol administered as SE5-OH tablets to healthy postmenopausal women. The Journal of nutrition, Volume: 139, Issue: 11	2009
Transport and metabolism of equol by Caco-2 human intestinal cells. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Sep-23, Volume: 57, Issue: 18	2009
The pharmacokinetic behavior of the soy isoflavone metabolite S-(-)equol and its diastereoisomer R-(+)equol in healthy adults determined by using stable-isotope-labeled tracers. The American journal of clinical nutrition, Volume: 90, Issue: 4	2009
Effect of glycosidation of isoflavones on their bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in aged male rats. Molecular nutrition & food research, Volume: 53 Suppl 1	2009
Ileal and faecal digestibility of daidzein and genistein and plasma bioavailability of these isoflavones and their bioactive metabolites in the ovariectomised rat. Molecular nutrition & food research, Volume: 53 Suppl 1	2009
Receptor binding and transactivation activities of red clover isoflavones and their metabolites. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, Volume: 112, Issue: 1-3	2008
Pharmacokinetics of the soybean isoflavone daidzein in its aglycone and glucoside form: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. The American journal of clinical nutrition, Volume: 87, Issue: 5	2008
Individual differences in equol production capability modulate blood pressure in tibolone-treated postmenopausal women: lack of effect of soy supplementation. Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society, Volume: 10, Issue: 6	2007
Bioavailability of soy isoflavones in rats Part I: application of accurate methodology for studying the effects of gender and source of isoflavones. Molecular nutrition & food research, Volume: 51, Issue: 7	2007
Modulation of soy isoflavones bioavailability and subsequent effects on bone health in ovariectomized rats: the case for equol. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, Volume: 18, Issue: 5	2007
Monoclonal antibody-based time-resolved fluorescence immunoassays for daidzein, genistein, and equol in blood and urine: application to the Isoheart intervention study. Clinical chemistry, Volume: 53, Issue: 4	2007
Bioavailability and urinary excretion of isoflavones in humans: effects of soy-based supplements formulation and equol production. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, Mar-12, Volume: 43, Issue: 4	2007
Bioavailability of isoflavones after ingestion of soy beverages in healthy adults. The Journal of nutrition, Volume: 136, Issue: 9	2006
Cooperative effects of isoflavones and exercise on bone and lipid metabolism in postmenopausal Japanese women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, Volume: 55, Issue: 4	2006
One-month exposure to soy isoflavones did not induce the ability to produce equol in postmenopausal women. European journal of clinical nutrition, Volume: 60, Issue: 9	2006
Absorption of isoflavones in humans: effects of food matrix and processing. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, Volume: 17, Issue: 4	2006
The effect of soy consumption on the urinary 2:16-hydroxyestrone ratio in postmenopausal women depends on equol production status but is not influenced by probiotic consumption. The Journal of nutrition, Volume: 135, Issue: 3	2005
Influence of 10 wk of soy consumption on plasma concentrations and excretion of isoflavonoids and on gut microflora metabolism in healthy adults. The American journal of clinical nutrition, Volume: 80, Issue: 3	2004
Bioavailability of soybean isoflavones from aglycone and glucoside forms in American women. The American journal of clinical nutrition, Volume: 77, Issue: 6	2003
Comparing the pharmacokinetics of daidzein and genistein with the use of 13C-labeled tracers in premenopausal women. The American journal of clinical nutrition, Volume: 77, Issue: 2	2003
A combination of dietary fructooligosaccharides and isoflavone conjugates increases femoral bone mineral density and equol production in ovariectomized mice. The Journal of nutrition, Volume: 132, Issue: 7	2002
Bioavailability of pure isoflavones in healthy humans and analysis of commercial soy isoflavone supplements. The Journal of nutrition, Volume: 131, Issue: 4 Suppl	2001
Estrogenic activity of flavonoids in mice. The importance of estrogen receptor distribution, metabolism and bioavailability. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, Volume: 38, Issue: 7	2000
Daidzein conjugates are more bioavailable than genistein conjugates in rats. The American journal of clinical nutrition, Volume: 68, Issue: 6 Suppl	1998
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Article	Year
Cross-sectional association of equol producing status with aortic calcification in Japanese men aged 40-79 years. Scientific reports, 11-22, Volume: 12, Issue: 1	2022
Phytoestrogens (Resveratrol and Equol) for Estrogen-Deficient Skin-Controversies/Misinformation versus Anti-Aging In Vitro and Clinical Evidence via Nutraceutical-Cosmetics. International journal of molecular sciences, Oct-18, Volume: 22, Issue: 20	2021
The 6-month effect of whole soy and purified isoflavones daidzein on thyroid function-A double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial among Chinese equol-producing postmenopausal women. Phytotherapy research : PTR, Volume: 35, Issue: 10	2021
A six-month randomized controlled trial of whole soy and isoflavones daidzein on body composition in equol-producing postmenopausal women with prehypertension. Journal of obesity, Volume: 2013	2013
Impact of dose, frequency of administration, and equol production on efficacy of isoflavones for menopausal hot flashes: a pilot randomized trial. Menopause (New York, N.Y.), Volume: 20, Issue: 9	2013
Antioxidant effect of a phytoestrogen equol on cultured muscle cells of embryonic broilers. In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal, Volume: 47, Issue: 10	2011
Neuromodulation by soy diets or equol: anti-depressive & anti-obesity-like influences, age- & hormone-dependent effects. BMC neuroscience, Mar-16, Volume: 12	2011
Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetic studies of S-equol, a potent nonhormonal, estrogen receptor β-agonist being developed for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Menopause (New York, N.Y.), Volume: 18, Issue: 2	2011
Genotoxicity assessment of S-equol in bacterial mutation, chromosomal aberration, and rodent bone marrow micronucleus tests. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, Volume: 48, Issue: 12	2010
Cosupplementation of isoflavones, prenylflavonoids, and lignans alters human exposure to phytoestrogen-derived 17beta-estradiol equivalents. The Journal of nutrition, Volume: 139, Issue: 12	2009
The pharmacokinetics of S-(-)equol administered as SE5-OH tablets to healthy postmenopausal women. The Journal of nutrition, Volume: 139, Issue: 11	2009
Effect of glycosidation of isoflavones on their bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in aged male rats. Molecular nutrition & food research, Volume: 53 Suppl 1	2009
Bioavailability of soy isoflavones in rats Part I: application of accurate methodology for studying the effects of gender and source of isoflavones. Molecular nutrition & food research, Volume: 51, Issue: 7	2007
Urinary excretion of equol by postmenopausal women consuming soymilk fermented by probiotic bifidobacteria. European journal of clinical nutrition, Volume: 61, Issue: 3	2007
Effects of dietary daidzein and its metabolite, equol, at physiological concentrations on the growth of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer (MCF-7) tumors implanted in ovariectomized athymic mice. Carcinogenesis, Volume: 27, Issue: 4	2006
Oestrogenic compounds and oxidative stress (in human sperm and lymphocytes in the Comet assay). Mutation research, Volume: 544, Issue: 2-3	2003
Methylation profile and amplification of proto-oncogenes in rat pancreas induced with phytoestrogens. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.), Volume: 208, Issue: 1	1995
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Article	Year
Equol, a Blood-Brain Barrier Permeable Gut Microbial Metabolite of Dietary Isoflavone Daidzein, Exhibits Neuroprotective Effects against Neurotoxins Induced Toxicity in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands), Volume: 75, Issue: 4	2020
Equol Pretreatment Protection of SH-SY5Y Cells against Aβ (25-35)-Induced Cytotoxicity and Cell-Cycle Reentry via Sustaining Estrogen Receptor Alpha Expression. Nutrients, Oct-03, Volume: 11, Issue: 10	2019
Safety and feasibility of estrogen receptor-β targeted phytoSERM formulation for menopausal symptoms: phase 1b/2a randomized clinical trial. Menopause (New York, N.Y.), Volume: 26, Issue: 8	2019
Pharmacokinetics and safety profile of single-dose administration of an estrogen receptor β-selective phytoestrogenic (phytoSERM) formulation in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Menopause (New York, N.Y.), Volume: 25, Issue: 2	2018
Genotoxicity assessment of S-equol in bacterial mutation, chromosomal aberration, and rodent bone marrow micronucleus tests. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, Volume: 48, Issue: 12	2010
A preliminary study of the safety, feasibility and cognitive efficacy of soy isoflavone supplements in older men and women. Age and ageing, Volume: 38, Issue: 1	2009
Acute and subchronic toxicity and genotoxicity of SE5-OH, an equol-rich product produced by Lactococcus garvieae. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, Volume: 46, Issue: 8	2008
Genotoxicity of the isoflavones genistein, daidzein and equol in V79 cells. Toxicology letters, Jun-15, Volume: 151, Issue: 1	2004
A toxicity identification evaluation approach to studying estrogenic substances in hog manure and agricultural runoff. Environmental toxicology and chemistry, Volume: 22, Issue: 10	2003
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Article	Year
Inter- and intra-individual variation in urinary excretion of daidzein and equol in female Japanese. Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals, Volume: 19, Issue: 5	2014
The prooxidant, rather than antioxidant, acts of daidzein in vivo and in vitro: daidzein suppresses glutathione metabolism. European journal of pharmacology, Aug-07, Volume: 542, Issue: 1-3	2006
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Article	Year
Use of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Predict Human Gut Microbial Conversion of Daidzein to S-Equol. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jan-12, Volume: 70, Issue: 1	2022
Pharmacokinetics and safety profile of single-dose administration of an estrogen receptor β-selective phytoestrogenic (phytoSERM) formulation in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Menopause (New York, N.Y.), Volume: 25, Issue: 2	2018
Pharmacokinetics of equol, a soy isoflavone metabolite, changes with the form of equol (dietary versus intestinal production) in ovariectomized rats. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 62, Issue: 6	2014
Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetic studies of S-equol, a potent nonhormonal, estrogen receptor β-agonist being developed for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Menopause (New York, N.Y.), Volume: 18, Issue: 2	2011
Equol: pharmacokinetics and biological actions. The Journal of nutrition, Volume: 140, Issue: 7	2010
The pharmacokinetics of S-(-)equol administered as SE5-OH tablets to healthy postmenopausal women. The Journal of nutrition, Volume: 139, Issue: 11	2009
The pharmacokinetic behavior of the soy isoflavone metabolite S-(-)equol and its diastereoisomer R-(+)equol in healthy adults determined by using stable-isotope-labeled tracers. The American journal of clinical nutrition, Volume: 90, Issue: 4	2009
Effect of glycosidation of isoflavones on their bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in aged male rats. Molecular nutrition & food research, Volume: 53 Suppl 1	2009
Pharmacokinetics of the soybean isoflavone daidzein in its aglycone and glucoside form: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. The American journal of clinical nutrition, Volume: 87, Issue: 5	2008
Comparing the pharmacokinetics of daidzein and genistein with the use of 13C-labeled tracers in premenopausal women. The American journal of clinical nutrition, Volume: 77, Issue: 2	2003
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Article	Year
Estrogenic in vitro evaluation of zearalenone and its phase I and II metabolites in combination with soy isoflavones. Archives of toxicology, Volume: 96, Issue: 12	2022
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

equol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (56)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Drug Classes (1)

Pathways (1)

Protein Targets (3)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (44)

Molecular Functions (29)

Ceullar Components (13)

Bioassays (15)

Research

Studies (652)

Study Types

Clinical Trials (11)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change From Baseline at Week 4 in Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Concentration.

Investigators Assessment of Nocturia at Week 4

Participants Assessment of Nocturia at Week 4

Categorical Change in Qmax From Baseline at Week 4

Change in DAN Prostate Symptom Scale From Baseline at Week 4

Change in I-PSS Total Score From Baseline at Week 4

Change in in Dihydrotestosterone Concentration From Baseline at Week 4

Change in Luteinizing Hormone Concentration From Baseline at Week 4

Change in Post-Void Residual Volume From Baseline at Week 4

Change in Prostate Volume From Baseline at Week 4

Change in Qmax From Baseline at Week 4

Change in Total Testosterone Concentration From Baseline at Week 4

Change in Void Volume From Baseline at Week 4

Percent Change in Qmax From Baseline at Week 4

Mean Precentage Change in the Menopause Rating Scale Total Score From Baseline at Week 4

Percentage Change From Baseline in Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) - Sum of 3 Symptoms (Irritability, Dry Vagina, Joint/Muscular Discomfort)

Change From Baseline (Day 0) in the Frequency of MSVS at Week 1 and Week 2

Change From Baseline (Day 0) in the Severity of VMS as Recorded in the Patient Diary at Week 1, Week 2, and Week 4

Change From Baseline (Day 0) in Vaginal pH at Week 2 and Week 4

Change From Baseline in Estradiol Concentration at Weeks 2 and 4

Change From Baseline in Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) - Dryness of Vagina- S-equol Groups Combined

Change From Baseline in Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) - Sum of 3 Symptoms (Irritability, Dry Vagina, Joint/Muscular Discomfort) - S-equol Groups Combined

Change From Baseline in Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) - Sum of 3 Symptoms (Irritability, Dry Vagina, Joint/Muscular Discomfort)

Change From Baseline in Progesterone Concentration at Week 2 and Week 4

Change From Baseline in Vaginal Maturation Index at Week 2 and Week 4

Mean Change in Frequency of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms (MSVS) Baseline at Week 4 (2-week Period)

Mean Change in Frequency of MSVS From Baseline at Week 4 (1-week Period)

Mean Change in the Menopause Rating Scale Total Score From Baseline at Week 4

Related Drugs (328)

Related Conditions (902)

Research Highlights

Safety/Toxicity (9)

Long-term Use (2)

Pharmacokinetics (10)

Bioavailability (43)

Dosage (17)

Interactions (1)