equol profile

Equol is a compound produced in the gut by the action of bacteria on the soy isoflavone daidzein. It is not directly found in soy products but is formed through the process of fermentation in the human gut. Equol has been studied extensively for its potential health benefits, including its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been linked to reduced risk of certain types of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. However, not all individuals can produce equol, with an estimated 30-60% of the population being non-equol producers. This variation in production is attributed to differences in gut microbiome composition. Studies on equol are ongoing to better understand its mechanisms of action and its potential therapeutic applications.'

Equol: A non-steroidal ESTROGEN generated when soybean products are metabolized by certain bacteria in the intestines. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	91469
CHEMBL ID	198877
CHEBI ID	34741
SCHEMBL ID	43647
MeSH ID	M0555367

Synonym
BIDD:ER0148
3,4-dihydro-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-(s)-2h-1-benzopyran-7-ol
einecs 208-522-2
ccris 9222
(s)-3,4-dihydro-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2h-1-benzopyran-7-ol
531-95-3
equol
(3s)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-7-ol
CHEMBL198877 ,
chebi:34741 ,
(s)-equol
(3s)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2h-chromen-7-ol
A829437
(s) -3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) chroman-7-ol
(-)-equol
unii-2t6d2hpx7q
(3s)-equol
7,4'-isoflavandiol
aus 131
s-equol
(-)-(s)-equol
4',7-dihydroxyisoflavan
se 5oh
(s)-(-)-4',7-isoflavandiol
2t6d2hpx7q ,
bdbm50410528
(s)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-7-ol
equol, (s)-
equol [inci]
equol (s)-form
2h-1-benzopyran-7-ol, 3,4-dihydro-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-, (3s)-
(3s)-3,4-dihydro-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2h-1-benzopyran-7-ol
equol, (-)-
equol [mi]
S2450
(3s)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2h-1-benzopyran-7-ol
SCHEMBL43647
AC-34078
CS-7937
HY-100583
DTXSID0022309
EX-A1354
(3s)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-chromanol
(?)-equol
AS-71147
F17393
NCGC00386208-01
s-equol, >=97% (hplc)
SW219593-1
DB11674
Q5384747
ADFCQWZHKCXPAJ-GFCCVEGCSA-N
BCP13598
CCG-266891
AKOS016842347
mfcd00200962

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Equol is a metabolite of daidzein, a major soybean isoflavone with estrogenic and antioxidant activities. "	( Association between Equol Production Status and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Akahane, T; Fujinaga, Y; Furukawa, M; Kaji, K; Kawaratani, H; Kaya, D; Kitagawa, K; Miyakawa, H; Moriya, K; Namisaki, T; Noguchi, R; Ozutsumi, T; Sawada, Y; Takaya, H; Tsuji, Y; Yoshiji, H, 2021)	2.39
"Equol is an intestinal metabolite of a major soy isoflavone daidzein."	( Soy isoflavone metabolite equol inhibits cancer cell proliferation in a PAP associated domain containing 5-dependent and an estrogen receptor-independent manner. Kamachi, S; Komatsu, S; Kumazoe, M; Lin, I; Murata, M; Oka, C; Tachibana, H; Yamashita, S, 2022)	1.74
"Equol, which is a metabolite of a soy isoflavone, has greater biological activity than other soy isoflavones."	( Evaluation of a natural S-equol supplement in treating premenstrual symptoms and the effect of the gut microbiota: An open-label pilot study. Chiba, Y; Takeda, T, 2022)	1.74
"Equol is an active metabolite of soy isoflavone. "	( Association between equol production and metabolic syndrome in Japanese women in their 50s-60s. Abe, K; Anzai, Y; Fujita, M; Hayashi, M; Imaizumi, H; Kogre, A; Kokubun, M; Ogata, T; Ohira, H; Takahashi, A, 2022)	2.49
"Equol is an isoflavone (ISF)-derived metabolite by the gut microbiome in certain individuals termed equol-producers (EP). "	( Cross-sectional association of equol producing status with aortic calcification in Japanese men aged 40-79 years. Barinas-Mitchell, E; Fujiyoshi, A; Hisamatsu, T; Kadota, A; Kondo, K; Magnani, J; Miura, K; Okami, Y; Sekikawa, A; Torii, S; Ueshima, H; Yano, Y; Zhang, X, 2022)	2.45
"Equol is a metabolite of soy isoflavone and has estrogenic activity. "	( Association between equol and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Japanese women in their 50s and 60s. Abe, K; Abe, N; Anzai, Y; Fujita, M; Hayashi, M; Imaizumi, H; Kogure, A; Kokubun, M; Ogata, T; Ohira, H; Sugaya, T; Takahashi, A; Takahata, Y, 2023)	2.68
"Equol (EQ) is a prominent microbial metabolite of the soy isoflavone, daidzein, with estrogen-like properties. "	( (±)-Equol does not interact with genistein on estrogen-dependent breast tumor growth. Doerge, DR; Helferich, WG; Hughes, JR; Iwaniec, UT; Song, H; Turner, RT, 2020)	2.56
"Equol is a metabolite of daidzein and has a higher biological activity than daidzein. "	( The resistant starch from sorghum regulates lipid metabolism in menopausal rats via equol. Cao, LK; Ge, YF; Wang, WH; Wei, CH, 2020)	2.23
"Equol (Eq) is a metabolite of soy isoflavone daidzein (De) produced by the intestinal microbiota. "	( Administration of Cholic Acid Inhibits Equol Production from Daidzein in Mice. Fukiya, S; Nanba, F; Suzuki, T; Toda, T; Watanabe, M; Yokota, A; Yoshioka, H, 2020)	2.27
"Equol is a soy isoflavone metabolite that can be produced by intestinal bacteria. "	( A Systematic Review of the Effects of Equol (Soy Metabolite) on Breast Cancer. Hod, R; Maniam, S; Mohd Nor, NH, 2021)	2.34
"Equol, which is an active metabolite of isoflavone, has a beneficial impact on metabolic diseases such as dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. "	( Association of equol with obesity in postmenopausal women. Abe, K; Anzai, Y; Fujita, M; Hayashi, M; Imaizumi, H; Ohira, H; Takahashi, A; Tanji, N, 2021)	2.42
"S-equol is a major metabolite of dietary soy isoflavones with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and it has many beneficial effects on human health, including alleviation of menopausal symptoms, osteoporosis, cancer, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and cognitive dysfunction."	( S-equol, a metabolite of dietary soy isoflavones, alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior in mice by inhibiting neuroinflammation and enhancing synaptic plasticity. Chen, Y; Fan, B; Gao, R; Jiang, N; Liu, X; Lu, C; Sun, J; Wang, F; Wang, Q; Zhang, Y, 2021)	1.9
"Equol is a bacterial metabolite produced in about 20-60% of the population that harbor and exhibit specific gut microbiota capable of producing it from daidzein."	( Soy and Frequent Dairy Consumption with Subsequent Equol Production Reveals Decreased Gut Health in a Cohort of Healthy Puerto Rican Women. Baerga-Ortiz, A; Cubano, LA; Dharmawardhane, S; Godoy-Vitorino, F; Hunter-Mellado, R; Lacourt-Ventura, MY; Lampe, JW; Maldonado-Martínez, G; Martínez-Montemayor, MM; Maysonet, J; Miranda, C; Rivera-Rodríguez, D; Rosario-Acevedo, R; Ruiz, Y; Vargas, D; Vilanova-Cuevas, B, 2021)	1.59
"Equol is a nonsteroidal estrogen that is produced by intestinal bacterial metabolism. "	( Isolation and identification of new bacterial stains producing equol from Pueraria lobata extract fermentation. Kang, SC; Kim, D; Kim, I; Kwon, JE; Lim, J, 2018)	2.16
"S-Equol is a metabolite of daidzein, a type of soy isoflavone, and three reductases are involved in the conversion of daidzein by specific intestinal bacteria. "	( Daidzein reductase of Eggerthella sp. YY7918, its octameric subunit structure containing FMN/FAD/4Fe-4S, and its enantioselective production of R-dihydroisoflavones. Ebihara, A; Goshima, T; Inagaki, M; Kato, Y; Kawada, Y; Kuwata, K; Niwa, T; Sakurada, O; Sawamura, R; Suzuki, T; Yamaguchi, K; Yanase, E; Yokoyama, SI, 2018)	1.2
"Equol is an active metabolite of isoflavones produced by gut microbiota. "	( Inter-relationship between diet, lifestyle habits, gut microflora, and the equol-producer phenotype: baseline findings from a placebo-controlled intervention trial. Ishigaki, Y; Myint, KZ; Ohta, H; Yoshikata, R, 2019)	2.19
"S-equol is a metabolite of dietary soy isoflavone daidzein by gut microbiome and possesses the most antiatherogenic properties among all isoflavones."	( Effect of S-equol and Soy Isoflavones on Heart and Brain. Aizenstein, H; Chang, YF; Cui, C; Higashiyama, A; Ihara, M; Kakuta, C; Kuller, L; Lopez, O; Lopresti, B; Mathis, C; Miyamoto, Y; Sekikawa, A, 2019)	1.45
"Equol is a major isoflavone metabolite, and equol-producing bacteria have been isolated and characterized; however, fermentation has been performed with soybean-based products as substrates. "	( Fermentation product with new equol-producing Lactobacillus paracasei as a probiotic-like product candidate for prevention of skin and intestinal disorder. Bang, I; Kang, SC; Kim, D; Kim, I; Kwon, JE; Lim, J, 2019)	2.25
"Equol is a metabolite of isoflavone daidzein and has an affinity to estrogen receptors. "	( Daidzein Intake Is Associated with Equol Producing Status through an Increase in the Intestinal Bacteria Responsible for Equol Production. Chinda, D; Fukuda, S; Iino, C; Iino, K; Nakaji, S; Sakuraba, H; Shimoyama, T; Yokoyama, Y, 2019)	2.23
"Equol is an active metabolite of daidzein, an isoflavone produced from soy by intestinal microbial flora, with beneficial effects on the vascular system."	( Effect of Equol on Vasocontractions in Rat Carotid Arteries Treated with High Insulin. Kobayashi, S; Kobayashi, T; Kojima, M; Matsumoto, T; Taguchi, K; Takayanagi, K, 2019)	1.64
"Equol is a nonsteroidal oestrogen of the isoflavone class. "	( Equol inhibits growth and spore formation of Clostridioides difficile. Ishii, Y; Kimura, S; Tanaka, Y; Tateda, K, 2019)	3.4
"Equol is a polyphenolic/isoflavonoid molecule that can be expressed as isomers. "	( Protective effects of equol and their polyphenolic isomers against dermal aging: microarray/protein evidence with clinical implications and unique delivery into human skin. Lephart, ED, 2013)	2.15
"Equol, which is a metabolite of one of the major soybean isoflavones called daidzein, is produced in the gastrointestinal tract by certain intestinal microbiota where present."	( Effects of short-term fructooligosaccharide intake on equol production in Japanese postmenopausal women consuming soy isoflavone supplements: a pilot study. Abe, F; Ishimi, Y; Kimira, Y; Tousen, Y; Uehara, M, 2013)	1.36
"Equol is a biologically active isoflavone-related metabolite with interindividual differences in its production."	( Equol producers can have low leptin levels among prediabetic and diabetic females. Fujiwara, S; Kotani, K; Sakane, N; Takahashi, K; Tsuzaki, K; Uchiyama, S; Usui, T, 2014)	2.57
"Equol is a potential anticancer agent against HeLa, with possible mechanisms involved in ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane alteration."	( Equol induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of human cervical cancer cells. Kim, AK; Kim, EY; Park, YJ; Shin, JY, 2014)	3.29
"Equol is a metabolite of daidzein that is more potent than daidzein itself."	( Effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in equol-producing postmenopausal women. Hidayat, A, 2015)	1.36
"Equol is a metabolite of daidzein that is produced by intestinal microbiota. "	( Effects of an equol-producing bacterium isolated from human faeces on isoflavone and lignan metabolism in mice. Hori, S; Nakagawa, H; Sugahara, T; Tamura, M; Yamauchi, S, 2016)	2.24
"Equol is a non-steroidal estrogen metabolite produced by microbial conversion of daidzein, a major soy isoflavone, in the gut of some humans and many animal species. "	( Equol inhibits growth, induces atresia, and inhibits steroidogenesis of mouse antral follicles in vitro. Flaws, JA; Gao, L; Gonnering, M; Helferich, W; Mahalingam, S, 2016)	3.32
"Equol is a metabolite of the soya isoflavone (ISO) daidzein that is produced by intestinal microbiota. "	( The combined effects of soya isoflavones and resistant starch on equol production and trabecular bone loss in ovariectomised mice. Ishimi, Y; Kobayashi, I; Matsumoto, C; Matsumoto, Y; Nagahata, Y; Nishide, Y; Tousen, Y, 2016)	2.11
"Equol is an isoflavone metabolized from daidzein in the presence of certain intestinal bacteria."	( Relationship of serum levels and dietary intake of isoflavone, and the novel bacterium Slackia sp. strain NATTS with the risk of prostate cancer: a case-control study among Japanese men. Akasaka, H; Akaza, H; Fukuta, F; Masumori, N; Miura, T; Mori, M; Moriyama, K; Nagata, Y; Ohnishi, H; Saitoh, S; Sugiyama, Y; Takayanagi, A; Tsuji, H; Tsukamoto, T, 2016)	1.16
"Equol is a naturally bacterially-derived metabolite of daidzein and is produced by bacteria in the gut of those humans capable of hosting the particular organism."	( Acute and subchronic toxicity and genotoxicity of SE5-OH, an equol-rich product produced by Lactococcus garvieae. Burdock, GA; Enomoto, Y; Hamada, S; Itoh, T; Kurata, Y; Narumi, K; Shimomura, Y; Ueno, T; Yee, S, 2008)	1.31
"Equol is a metabolite of daidzein with greater estrogenic activity and antioxidant capacity than its precursor. "	( Transport and metabolism of equol by Caco-2 human intestinal cells. Failla, ML; Walsh, KR, 2009)	2.09
"Equol is a metabolite produced from daidzein by enteric microflora, and it has attracted a great deal of attention because of its protective or ameliorative ability against several sex hormone-dependent diseases (e.g., menopausal disorder and lower bone density), which is more potent than that of other isoflavonoids. "	( Cloning and expression of a novel NADP(H)-dependent daidzein reductase, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of daidzein, from equol-producing Lactococcus strain 20-92. Abiru, Y; Hayashi, T; Hishigaki, H; Miyazawa, N; Sato, I; Shimada, Y; Takahashi, M; Uchiyama, S; Yasuda, S, 2010)	2.01
"Equol is a unique compound in that it can exert oestrogenic effects, but is also a potent antagonist of dihydrotestosterone in vivo."	( Is equol production beneficial to health? Magee, PJ, 2011)	1.71
"Equol is a metabolite of the isoflavone daidzein and may play a critical role in preventing bone loss by soy isoflavones in postmenopausal women. "	( Natural S-equol decreases bone resorption in postmenopausal, non-equol-producing Japanese women: a pilot randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ezaki, J; Fujii, Y; Ishimi, Y; Nishimuta, M; Tousen, Y; Ueno, T, 2011)	2.21
"Equol (EQ) is a metabolite produced by gut bacteria through the chemical reduction of the soya isoflavone daidzein (DE), but only by 30-60% of the population. "	( Equol production changes over time in pre-menopausal women. Franke, AA; Lai, JF; Maskarinec, G; Morimoto, Y; Pagano, I, 2012)	3.26
"S-Equol is a metabolite resulting from the conversion of daidzein, a soya phyto-oestrogen, by the gut microflora. "	( Epigenetic modulation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene expression by equol in breast cancer cell lines. Bernard-Gallon, D; Bignon, YJ; Bosviel, R; Déchelotte, P; Durif, J, 2012)	1.34
"S-equol is a natural product that is produced by the microbial biotransformation of daidzein, an isoflavone found in soy. "	( Toxicokinetics and lack of uterotropic effect of orally administered S-equol. Jackson, RL; Nguyen, L; Plomley, JB; Schwen, RJ, 2012)	1.33
"S-equol is a selective estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist which is produced in certain individuals after ingestion of its precursor daidzein, an isoflavone present in soy. "	( Elucidation of the metabolic pathway of S-equol in rat, monkey and man. Jackson, RL; Nguyen, L; Schwen, RJ, 2012)	1.36
"Equol is an isoflavone (IF) metabolite produced by intestinal microbiota in a subset of people consuming dietary soy. "	( Endogenous and exogenous equol are antiestrogenic in reproductive tissues of apolipoprotein e-null mice. Adams, MR; Cline, JM; Dewi, FN; Franke, AA; Golden, DL; Hullar, MA; Lampe, JW; Wood, CE, 2012)	2.13
"Equol is a biologically active metabolite of daidzein that has potent antiproliferative effects on benign and malignant prostatic epithelial cells at concentrations that can be obtained naturally through dietary soy consumption."	( Soy isoflavonoid equol modulates the growth of benign and malignant prostatic epithelial cells in vitro. Hedlund, TE; Johannes, WU; Miller, GJ, 2003)	2.1
"Equol is a metabolite produced in vivo from the soy phytoestrogen daidzein by the action of gut microflora. "	( Equol, a natural estrogenic metabolite from soy isoflavones: convenient preparation and resolution of R- and S-equols and their differing binding and biological activity through estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Doerge, DR; Helferich, WG; Ju, YH; Katzenellenbogen, BS; Katzenellenbogen, JA; Muthyala, RS; Sheng, S; Williams, LD, 2004)	3.21
"Equol is an intestinal bacterial metabolite of daidzein."	( Effects of dietary daidzein and its metabolite, equol, at physiological concentrations on the growth of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer (MCF-7) tumors implanted in ovariectomized athymic mice. Allred, KF; Doerge, DR; Fultz, J; Helferich, WG; Ju, YH, 2006)	1.31
"Equol is a modest natriuretic and vasorelaxant agent in the rat. "	( Renal and vascular actions of equol in the rat. Alda, JO; Alvarez-Guerra, M; Garay, RP; Gimenez, I; Lou, M; Martinez, RM; Mayoral, JA; Vargas, F, 1997)	2.03
"Equol is an isoflavonoid phytoestrogen produced from the soy isoflavone daidzein by gut microflora. "	( Urinary equol excretion with a soy challenge: influence of habitual diet. Hutchins, AM; Karr, SC; Lampe, JW; Slavin, JL, 1998)	2.18

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Equol has a greater antioxidant activity than the parent isoflavone compounds genistein and daidzein, found in high concentration in soy."	( The phytoestrogen equol increases nitric oxide availability by inhibiting superoxide production: an antioxidant mechanism for cell-mediated LDL modification. Hodis, HN; Hwang, J; Morazzoni, P; Sevanian, A; Wang, J, 2003)	1.37
"S-equol has a high affinity for estrogen receptor beta (K(i) = 0.73 nmol/L), whereas R-equol is relatively inactive."	( S-equol, a potent ligand for estrogen receptor beta, is the exclusive enantiomeric form of the soy isoflavone metabolite produced by human intestinal bacterial flora. Brown, NM; Castellani, D; Clerici, C; Cole, SJ; Handa, RJ; Heenan, C; Heubi, JE; Lephart, ED; Lund, TD; Nechemias-Zimmer, L; Setchell, KD; Wolfe, BE, 2005)	1.61
"Equol has been shown to inhibit proliferation of HeLa human cervical cancer cells and mouse melanoma B16 cells in an ER-independent manner."	( Soy isoflavone metabolite equol inhibits cancer cell proliferation in a PAP associated domain containing 5-dependent and an estrogen receptor-independent manner. Kamachi, S; Komatsu, S; Kumazoe, M; Lin, I; Murata, M; Oka, C; Tachibana, H; Yamashita, S, 2022)	1.74
"S-equol has better permeability to the blood-brain barrier than soy isoflavones, although their affinity to estrogen receptor-β is similar."	( Potential Protective Mechanisms of S-equol, a Metabolite of Soy Isoflavone by the Gut Microbiome, on Cognitive Decline and Dementia. Butts, B; Fort, A; Garfein, J; Goon, S; Hughes, TM; Li, J; Li, M; Sekikawa, A; Veliky, CV; Wharton, W, 2022)	1.55
"Equol has been shown to improve skin health and regeneration, due to its antioxidative, phytoestrogenic and epigenetic characteristics. "	( Topical equol preparation improves structural and molecular skin parameters. Dum, E; Gaisberger, D; Haslberger, AG; Magnet, U; Pointner, A; Tomeva, E; Urbanek, C, 2017)	2.33
"Equol has higher biological effects than other isoflavones. "	( Lactulose promotes equol production and changes the microbial community during in vitro fermentation of daidzein by fecal inocula of sows. Hou, Y; Su, Y; Yao, W; Zheng, W, 2014)	2.17
"Equol has the ability to reduce the toxic action of neutrophils."	( Equol Effectively Inhibits Toxic Activity of Human Neutrophils without Influencing Their Viability. Drábiková, K; Harmatha, J; Jančinová, V; Lucová, M; Nosál, R; Pažoureková, S; Šmidrkal, J, 2016)	2.6
"Equol has greater oestrogenic activity compared with other ISO, and it prevents bone loss in postmenopausal women."	( The combined effects of soya isoflavones and resistant starch on equol production and trabecular bone loss in ovariectomised mice. Ishimi, Y; Kobayashi, I; Matsumoto, C; Matsumoto, Y; Nagahata, Y; Nishide, Y; Tousen, Y, 2016)	1.39
"Equol has body weight control effects in females that are dependent on ovarian status and/or age of diet initiation."	( Neuromodulation by soy diets or equol: anti-depressive & anti-obesity-like influences, age- & hormone-dependent effects. Blake, C; Fabick, KM; Lephart, ED; Lund, TD; Setchell, KD, 2011)	1.37
"Equol has greater estrogenic activity than genistein and daidzein, with its production shown to be promoted by dietary fiber."	( Resistant starch promotes equol production and inhibits tibial bone loss in ovariectomized mice treated with daidzein. Abe, F; Ishida, T; Ishimi, Y; Tousen, Y; Uehara, M, 2011)	1.39
"As equol has been shown to mimic 17β-estradiol and bind specifically to 5α-dihydrotestostone (5α-DHT), these agents were used (in addition to equol) to determine whether equol may play important and beneficial roles in the extracellular matrix (ECM)."	( Biochemical investigation and gene analysis of equol: a plant and soy-derived isoflavonoid with antiaging and antioxidant properties with potential human skin applications. Gopaul, R; Knaggs, HE; Lephart, ED, )	0.9
"Equol has a greater antioxidant activity than the parent isoflavone compounds genistein and daidzein, found in high concentration in soy."	( The phytoestrogen equol increases nitric oxide availability by inhibiting superoxide production: an antioxidant mechanism for cell-mediated LDL modification. Hodis, HN; Hwang, J; Morazzoni, P; Sevanian, A; Wang, J, 2003)	1.37
"S-equol has a high affinity for estrogen receptor beta (K(i) = 0.73 nmol/L), whereas R-equol is relatively inactive."	( S-equol, a potent ligand for estrogen receptor beta, is the exclusive enantiomeric form of the soy isoflavone metabolite produced by human intestinal bacterial flora. Brown, NM; Castellani, D; Clerici, C; Cole, SJ; Handa, RJ; Heenan, C; Heubi, JE; Lephart, ED; Lund, TD; Nechemias-Zimmer, L; Setchell, KD; Wolfe, BE, 2005)	1.61
"Equol has been suggested to possess protective effects on bone. "	( Estrogen receptor-independent inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression by phytoestrogen equol is mediated by blocking nuclear factor-kappaB activation in mouse macrophages. Han, MH; Han, SB; Jeon, YJ; Kang, JS; Kang, MR; Kim, HM; Lee, K; Moon, EY; Park, SK; Yoon, YD, 2005)	1.99

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"R equol can inhibit the proliferation of HCT-15 cell through antioxidative activity, while( S) equol has no effect on the proliferation of HCT-15 cell."	( [Effects of equol on proliferation of colorectal cancer HCT-15 cell]. Cai, Y; Ma, D; Wang, Y; Zou, Y, 2019)	1.45
"Equol and Ahiflower oil have been shown to increase either eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) levels in tissues of rainbow trout when applied individually. "	( Combination of Dietary Ahiflower Oil and Equol Enhances Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels in Rainbow Trout Tissues. Fickler, A; Hasler, M; Michl, SC; Rimbach, G; Schulz, C; Staats, S, 2018)	2.19
"The equol could inhibit the proliferation of the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and its inhibitory effect may be due to inducing apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, down-regulating the expression of bag-1, bcl-2, VEGF, p-ERK1/2 and p-p38 protein."	( [Study on the inhibiting effects of equol on MCF-7 cells proliferation and its molecular mechanisms]. Ren, G; Wang, M, 2014)	1.24
"Equol plays an important role in health."	( [Advances on the study of equol metabolism in human]. Wang, Y; Zhang, Y, 2010)	1.38
"Equol producers had lower uterine weight, vaginal epithelial thickness, total uterine area, endometrial area, and endometrial luminal epithelial height compared with nonproducers (P < 0.05 for all), with an association between microbiota status and estrous cycle (P > chi-square = 0.03)."	( Endogenous and exogenous equol are antiestrogenic in reproductive tissues of apolipoprotein e-null mice. Adams, MR; Cline, JM; Dewi, FN; Franke, AA; Golden, DL; Hullar, MA; Lampe, JW; Wood, CE, 2012)	1.4

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"S-(-)equol treatment affected Nrf2 mRNA only slightly but significantly increased HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA."	( Estrogen receptor and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway involvement in S-(-)equol-induced activation of Nrf2/ARE in endothelial cells. Chen, J; Kang, C; Liang, X; Mi, M; Shi, L; Wang, L; Zhang, T; Zhu, J, 2013)	1.08
"S-equol treatment was largely without effect on the DSA and place learning tasks."	( The effects of dietary treatment with S-equol on learning and memory processes in middle-aged ovariectomized rats. Chittiboyina, AG; Doerge, DR; Helferich, WG; Khan, IA; Korol, DL; Neese, SL; Pisani, SL; Rotte, SC; Schantz, SL; Sepehr, E; Smillie, TJ, )	0.96
"Equol treatment inhibited HeLa cell proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manner. "	( Equol induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of human cervical cancer cells. Kim, AK; Kim, EY; Park, YJ; Shin, JY, 2014)	3.29
"Equol treatment increased transcripts of TLR4, TNFα and IL-1β (P < 0.05)."	( Equol Inhibits LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and Enhances the Immune Response in Chicken HD11 Macrophages. Gou, Z; Jiang, S; Lin, X; Tian, Z; Zheng, C, 2015)	2.58
"Equol treatment significantly induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest (P < 0.05), with the percentages of G0/G1 cells of 32.23% ± 3.62%, 36.31% ± 0.24%, 45.58% ± 2.29%, and 65.10% ± 2.04% for equol (0, 10, 20, or 30 μmol/L) treatment, respectively, accompanied by a significant decrease of CDK2/4 (P < 0.05 for 24 and 48 h treatment) and Cyclin D1/Cyclin E1 (P < 0.05), and an increased level of P21(WAF1) (P < 0.05)."	( Equol inhibits proliferation of human gastric carcinoma cells via modulating Akt pathway. Chen, J; Huang, F; Li, J; Wu, XN; Yang, ZP; Yao, YH; Zhao, Y, 2015)	2.58
"Equol-treated DHRs showed a significant decrease in both the swimming distance and time required to reach the escape platform (78.20 to 82.56%, p < 0.05)."	( Effects of equol on deoxycorticosterone acetate salt-induced hypertension and associated vascular dementia in rats. Liu, TH; Tsai, TY, 2016)	1.55
"Equol pretreatment effectively inhibited the H(2)O(2)-induced cell death by the reduction of intracellular ROS production (P<0.05)."	( Antioxidant effects of equol on bovine aortic endothelial cells. Chae, B; Chung, JE; Hwang, SJ; Jo, HH; Kim, EJ; Kim, JH; Kim, MR; Kim, SY; Kwon, DJ; Lew, YO; Lim, YT, 2008)	1.38
"Equol-treated animals had also lower plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to controls."	( Effects of dietary equol on body weight gain, intra-abdominal fat accumulation, plasma lipids, and glucose tolerance in ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats. Rachoń, D; Seidlová-Wuttke, D; Vortherms, T; Wuttke, W, )	1.18
"Equol treatment had no effects on pituitary ERalpha or ERbeta gene expression."	( Effects of dietary equol on the pituitary of the ovariectomized rats. Rachoń, D; Seidlová-Wuttke, D; Vortherms, T; Wuttke, W, 2007)	1.39
"Equol and E2B treatment significantly increased serum equol and 17beta-estradiol concentrations, respectively. "	( Effects of dietary equol administration on the mammary gland in ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats. Menche, A; Rachoń, D; Seidlová-Wuttke, D; Vortherms, T; Wuttke, W, )	1.9
"Mice treated with equol had lower inflammatory cytokines in the cerebral arteries, suggesting that phytoestrogens modulate inflammatory processes important to intracranial aneurysm pathogenesis."	( Roles of Phytoestrogen in the Pathophysiology of Intracranial Aneurysm. Ai, J; Baranoski, JF; Eguchi, S; Hashimoto, T; Kamio, Y; Kuwabara, A; Lawton, MT; Margaryan, T; Purcell, J; Rahmani, R; Rutledge, C; Sato, H; Tovmasyan, A; Yokosuka, K, 2021)	0.94

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"active and placebo-treated subjects exhibited a comparable side-effect profile."	( A preliminary study of the safety, feasibility and cognitive efficacy of soy isoflavone supplements in older men and women. Asthana, S; Atwood, CS; Barnet, JH; Carlsson, CM; Gleason, CE; Johnson, SC; Meade, SA; Ries, ML; Setchell, KD, 2009)	0.35
" No adverse events were elicited."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety profile of single-dose administration of an estrogen receptor β-selective phytoestrogenic (phytoSERM) formulation in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Brinton, RD; Chen, YL; Franke, AA; Hernandez, G; Mack, WJ; Schneider, LS; Zhao, L, 2018)	0.48
"A single-dose oral administration of the phytoSERM formulation was well-tolerated and did not elicit any adverse events."	( Pharmacokinetics and safety profile of single-dose administration of an estrogen receptor β-selective phytoestrogenic (phytoSERM) formulation in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Brinton, RD; Chen, YL; Franke, AA; Hernandez, G; Mack, WJ; Schneider, LS; Zhao, L, 2018)	0.48
" Adverse events occurred in 16."	( Safety and feasibility of estrogen receptor-β targeted phytoSERM formulation for menopausal symptoms: phase 1b/2a randomized clinical trial. Brinton, RD; Chen, YL; Franke, AA; Hernandez, G; Mack, WJ; Pawluczyk, S; Schneider, LS; Zhao, L, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The mean volume of distribution normalized to bioavailability (V(d)/F), clearance rate, and half-life of [(13)C]daidzein were 336."	( Comparing the pharmacokinetics of daidzein and genistein with the use of 13C-labeled tracers in premenopausal women. Avades, T; Botting, NP; Brashear, WT; Brown, NM; Cassidy, A; Desai, P; Faughnan, MS; Oldfield, MF; Setchell, KD; Wolfe, BE; Zimmer-Nechemias, L, 2003)	0.32
" Equol-producer status was also determined after a soymilk challenge conducted after the pharmacokinetic sampling was complete."	( The pharmacokinetics of S-(-)equol administered as SE5-OH tablets to healthy postmenopausal women. Ragland, K; Setchell, KD; Shoaf, SE; Zhao, X, 2009)	1.55
" The rapid absorption and pharmacokinetic parameters show that S-equol exposure is linear with dose."	( Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetic studies of S-equol, a potent nonhormonal, estrogen receptor β-agonist being developed for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Desai, PB; Greiwe, JS; Jackson, RL; Schwen, RJ, 2011)	0.85
"A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed for daidzein and its metabolite S-equol."	( Use of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Predict Human Gut Microbial Conversion of Daidzein to S-Equol. Boonpawa, R; Rietjens, IMCM; Spenkelink, B; Wang, Q, 2022)	1.15

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"01 nM) in combination with low concentrations of GEN, DAI and EQ (0."	( Estrogenic in vitro evaluation of zearalenone and its phase I and II metabolites in combination with soy isoflavones. Betschler, A; Früholz, R; Grgic, D; Marko, D; Novak, B; Varga, E, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"This study compared the bioavailability of conjugates of the soy isoflavones genistein and daidzein in rats."	( Daidzein conjugates are more bioavailable than genistein conjugates in rats. King, RA, 1998)	0.3
" These results suggest that FOS increase the bioavailability of isoflavones, leading to cooperative effects in the prevention of osteopenia in OVX mice."	( A combination of dietary fructooligosaccharides and isoflavone conjugates increases femoral bone mineral density and equol production in ovariectomized mice. Adlercreutz, H; Ishimi, Y; Morohashi, T; Ohta, A; Sakai, K; Takasaki, M; Uehara, M, 2002)	0.52
" The systemic bioavailability and maximum serum concentration of [(13)C]genistein were significantly greater than those of [(13)C]daidzein."	( Comparing the pharmacokinetics of daidzein and genistein with the use of 13C-labeled tracers in premenopausal women. Avades, T; Botting, NP; Brashear, WT; Brown, NM; Cassidy, A; Desai, P; Faughnan, MS; Oldfield, MF; Setchell, KD; Wolfe, BE; Zimmer-Nechemias, L, 2003)	0.32
" The bioavailability of both isoflavones was nonlinear at higher intakes, suggesting that uptake is rate-limiting and saturable."	( Comparing the pharmacokinetics of daidzein and genistein with the use of 13C-labeled tracers in premenopausal women. Avades, T; Botting, NP; Brashear, WT; Brown, NM; Cassidy, A; Desai, P; Faughnan, MS; Oldfield, MF; Setchell, KD; Wolfe, BE; Zimmer-Nechemias, L, 2003)	0.32
"Test results on the bioavailability of isoflavones in the aglycone or glucoside form in Eastern and Western human subjects are contradictory."	( Bioavailability of soybean isoflavones from aglycone and glucoside forms in American women. Meydani, M; Zubik, L, 2003)	0.32
"The objective was to investigate the bioavailability of the soy isoflavones daidzein and genistein in American women with typical American dietary habits after ingestion of the aglycone or glucoside form of isoflavones."	( Bioavailability of soybean isoflavones from aglycone and glucoside forms in American women. Meydani, M; Zubik, L, 2003)	0.32
"The apparent bioavailability of genistein and daidzein is not different when consumed as either aglycone or glucoside by American women."	( Bioavailability of soybean isoflavones from aglycone and glucoside forms in American women. Meydani, M; Zubik, L, 2003)	0.32
"Little information is currently available on the role of the gut microflora in modulating isoflavone bioavailability or on sex differences in isoflavone metabolism and bioavailability."	( Influence of 10 wk of soy consumption on plasma concentrations and excretion of isoflavonoids and on gut microflora metabolism in healthy adults. Bowey, EA; Casey, K; Clarke, DB; Davies, M; Duffy, R; Lloyd, AS; Murray, A; Rowland, IR; Thompson, R; Wiseman, H, 2004)	0.32
"We sought to determine whether chronic soy consumption influences isoflavone bioavailability as judged by plasma isoflavone concentrations and modified gut microflora activities [beta-glucoside hydrolysis and equol and O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) production]."	( Influence of 10 wk of soy consumption on plasma concentrations and excretion of isoflavonoids and on gut microflora metabolism in healthy adults. Bowey, EA; Casey, K; Clarke, DB; Davies, M; Duffy, R; Lloyd, AS; Murray, A; Rowland, IR; Thompson, R; Wiseman, H, 2004)	0.51
" We hypothesized that consumption of probiotic bacteria would alter fecal bacteria and enzymes involved in soy isoflavone metabolism, thereby increasing isoflavone bioavailability and enhancing the beneficial effects of soy on estrogen metabolism."	( The effect of soy consumption on the urinary 2:16-hydroxyestrone ratio in postmenopausal women depends on equol production status but is not influenced by probiotic consumption. Adlercreutz, H; Greany, KA; Kurzer, MS; Nettleton, JA; Thomas, W; Wangen, KE, 2005)	0.54
"If soy isoflavones are to be effective in preventing or treating a range of diseases, they must be bioavailable, and thus understanding factors which may alter their bioavailability needs to be elucidated."	( Absorption of isoflavones in humans: effects of food matrix and processing. Bugel, S; Cassidy, A; de Pascual-Teresa, S; Hallund, J; Schroot, J; Talbot, D; Williams, CM, 2006)	0.33
" The bioavailability and metabolism of isoflavones (daidzein in particular) were also examined to clarify the mechanism of their bone-protective effects in humans."	( Cooperative effects of isoflavones and exercise on bone and lipid metabolism in postmenopausal Japanese women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Fujioka, M; Fuku, N; Higuchi, M; Ishimi, Y; Oka, J; Okuhira, T; Tabata, I; Teramoto, T; Toda, T; Uchiyama, S; Ueno, T; Urata, K; Wu, J; Yamada, K, 2006)	0.33
"It is unknown whether the bioavailability of isoflavones is affected by the concomitant ingestion of glucosides or aglycones."	( Bioavailability of isoflavones after ingestion of soy beverages in healthy adults. Harada, K; Ishikawa, F; Kano, M; Sawada, S; Takayanagi, T, 2006)	0.33
" The bioavailability of IF is clearly a factor influencing their biological activity."	( Bioavailability and urinary excretion of isoflavones in humans: effects of soy-based supplements formulation and equol production. Asselineau, J; Bennetau-Pelissero, C; Bernard, V; Chantre, P; Demotes-Mainard, J; Durand, M; Lamothe, V; Moore, N; Perez, P; Potier, M; Sauvant, P; Titier, K; Vergne, S, 2007)	0.55
" The concentrations of urinary daidzein and genistein observed during intervention demonstrated good compliance, and a corresponding increase in serum daidzein and genistein confirmed bioavailability of the isoflavone-rich foods; 33 of the 117 volunteers (28."	( Monoclonal antibody-based time-resolved fluorescence immunoassays for daidzein, genistein, and equol in blood and urine: application to the Isoheart intervention study. Adlercreutz, H; Barnard, G; Bugel, S; Cassidy, A; Dadd, T; Kohen, F; Marlin, S; Ogborne, RM; Piron, J; Powell, J; Talbot, DC, 2007)	0.56
" Moreover, several previous studies have not used appropriate methodology to determine the bioavailability of soy isoflavones, which requires comparing the area under the plasma concentration-time curve after both oral and intravenous injection (IV) administration."	( Bioavailability of soy isoflavones in rats Part I: application of accurate methodology for studying the effects of gender and source of isoflavones. Cooke, G; Gilani, GS; Robertson, P; Sepehr, E, 2007)	0.34
" Recent studies indicate that women with intestinal capacity to convert daidzein to equol also have the capacity to alter steroid metabolism and bioavailability of estrogens."	( Individual differences in equol production capability modulate blood pressure in tibolone-treated postmenopausal women: lack of effect of soy supplementation. Appt, S; Clarkson, TB; Mikkola, TS; Tikkanen, MJ; Törmälä, RM; Ylikorkala, O, 2007)	0.86
"There are conflicting results in the literature on the bioavailability of isoflavones in the aglycone and the glucoside forms."	( Pharmacokinetics of the soybean isoflavone daidzein in its aglycone and glucoside form: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Bub, A; Kulling, SE; Möseneder, J; Rüfer, CE; Stürtz, M; Winterhalter, P, 2008)	0.35
"The systemic bioavailability (area under the curve; AUC(inf)), the maximal plasma concentration (C(max)), and the cumulative recovery of DAI in urine after administration of DG were 3-6 times greater than after the ingestion of DAI."	( Pharmacokinetics of the soybean isoflavone daidzein in its aglycone and glucoside form: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Bub, A; Kulling, SE; Möseneder, J; Rüfer, CE; Stürtz, M; Winterhalter, P, 2008)	0.35
"Our results show that DG exhibits a greater bioavailability than its aglycone when ingested in an isolated form."	( Pharmacokinetics of the soybean isoflavone daidzein in its aglycone and glucoside form: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Bub, A; Kulling, SE; Möseneder, J; Rüfer, CE; Stürtz, M; Winterhalter, P, 2008)	0.35
" However, more detailed information for the formation of these metabolites in humans and for bioavailability data are required to confirm our assumptions."	( Receptor binding and transactivation activities of red clover isoflavones and their metabolites. Jungbauer, A; Pfitscher, A; Reiter, E, 2008)	0.35
"There are limited reports on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of isoflavones in elderly humans and aged animals."	( Effect of glycosidation of isoflavones on their bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in aged male rats. Cooke, GM; Gilani, GS; Robertson, P; Sepehr, E, 2009)	0.35
" The systemic bioavailability and fractional absorption of R-(+)[2-13C]equol were higher than those of S-(-)[2-13C]equol or the racemate."	( The pharmacokinetic behavior of the soy isoflavone metabolite S-(-)equol and its diastereoisomer R-(+)equol in healthy adults determined by using stable-isotope-labeled tracers. Brown, NM; Heubi, JE; Jha, P; Setchell, KD; Zhao, X, 2009)	0.82
"The high bioavailability of both diastereoisomers contrasts with previous findings for the soy isoflavones daidzein and genistein, both of which have relatively poor bioavailability, and suggests that low doses of equol taken twice daily may be sufficient to achieve biological effects."	( The pharmacokinetic behavior of the soy isoflavone metabolite S-(-)equol and its diastereoisomer R-(+)equol in healthy adults determined by using stable-isotope-labeled tracers. Brown, NM; Heubi, JE; Jha, P; Setchell, KD; Zhao, X, 2009)	0.78
" These results suggest that differences in the synthesis and efflux of equol conjugates may contribute to the marked variance in the bioavailability of equol in "producer" phenotype."	( Transport and metabolism of equol by Caco-2 human intestinal cells. Failla, ML; Walsh, KR, 2009)	0.88
" The systemic bioavailability of S-(-)equol was very high, as the %f(e,u) was 82% for both doses, which is greater than published data for the soy isoflavones daidzein and genistein."	( The pharmacokinetics of S-(-)equol administered as SE5-OH tablets to healthy postmenopausal women. Ragland, K; Setchell, KD; Shoaf, SE; Zhao, X, 2009)	0.92
" In conclusion, the bioavailability of phytoestrogens, especially when given in mixtures, is subject to high interindividual variation."	( Cosupplementation of isoflavones, prenylflavonoids, and lignans alters human exposure to phytoestrogen-derived 17beta-estradiol equivalents. Bolca, S; Bracke, M; De Keukeleire, D; Depypere, H; Heyerick, A; Possemiers, S; Verstraete, W; Wyns, C, 2009)	0.35
" The S-equol BLEIA documented in this study is expected to be an important tool for the assessment of equol producer status and demonstration of the bioavailability of isoflavone."	( Development of bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay for s-equol using firefly luciferase and its application to the assessment of equol-producer status. Abe, K; Arakawa, H; Kambegawa, A; Maekawa, H; Minekawa, T; Ohkuma, H; Shindome, K, 2011)	1.07
" The present study demonstrated that RS may increase the bioavailability of daidzein."	( Resistant starch promotes equol production and inhibits tibial bone loss in ovariectomized mice treated with daidzein. Abe, F; Ishida, T; Ishimi, Y; Tousen, Y; Uehara, M, 2011)	0.67
" Urinary isoflavones are frequently used as a biomarker of isoflavone bioavailability from food or supplement since urine contains 100-fold higher concentrations of isoflavones."	( Apparent bioavailability of isoflavones in urinary excretions of postmenopausal Malay women consuming tempeh compared with milk. Azlan, A; Haron, H; Ismail, A; Peng, LS; Shahar, S, 2011)	0.37
" Full descriptions of the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of isoflavones were also presented."	( The role of soy isoflavones in menopausal health: report of The North American Menopause Society/Wulf H. Utian Translational Science Symposium in Chicago, IL (October 2010). , 2011)	0.37
" S-(-)equol, a metabolite of the soy isoflavone daidzein, has a higher bioavailability and greater affinity for estrogen receptor β than daidzein."	( S-(-)equol producing status not associated with breast cancer risk among low isoflavone-consuming US postmenopausal women undergoing a physician-recommended breast biopsy. Barnes, S; Krontiras, H; Nagy, TR; Virk-Baker, MK, 2014)	1.4
" Bioavailability and metabolism of these red clover isoflavones (RCI) have not been studied in detail."	( Red clover isoflavone metabolite bioavailability is decreased after fructooligosaccharide supplementation. Chedraui, P; Hobiger, S; Imhof, M; Jungbauer, A; Laschitz, T; Lipovac, M; Pfitscher, A, 2015)	0.42
"To determine the bioavailability of RCI metabolites and analyse whether FOS supplementation could influence their bioavailability."	( Red clover isoflavone metabolite bioavailability is decreased after fructooligosaccharide supplementation. Chedraui, P; Hobiger, S; Imhof, M; Jungbauer, A; Laschitz, T; Lipovac, M; Pfitscher, A, 2015)	0.42
" In the first, compound bioavailability was determined after consumption of 80 mg of RCI (MF11RCE)."	( Red clover isoflavone metabolite bioavailability is decreased after fructooligosaccharide supplementation. Chedraui, P; Hobiger, S; Imhof, M; Jungbauer, A; Laschitz, T; Lipovac, M; Pfitscher, A, 2015)	0.42
" Supplementation with FOS led to a significant decrease in the bioavailability of daidzein, dihydroformononetin, dihydrogenistein and dihydrodaidzein."	( Red clover isoflavone metabolite bioavailability is decreased after fructooligosaccharide supplementation. Chedraui, P; Hobiger, S; Imhof, M; Jungbauer, A; Laschitz, T; Lipovac, M; Pfitscher, A, 2015)	0.42
"This study is the first to provide detailed data on RCI bioavailability in humans and determine no influence of FOS yet a trend toward increased equol production."	( Red clover isoflavone metabolite bioavailability is decreased after fructooligosaccharide supplementation. Chedraui, P; Hobiger, S; Imhof, M; Jungbauer, A; Laschitz, T; Lipovac, M; Pfitscher, A, 2015)	0.62
" The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a fixed combination of soy isoflavones on the oral bioavailability of levothyroxine in post-menopausal female volunteers."	( Evaluation of Levothyroxine Bioavailability after Oral Administration of a Fixed Combination of Soy Isoflavones in Post-menopausal Female Volunteers. Barbetta, B; Benvenuti, C; Colovic, M; Donazzolo, Y; Giacovelli, G; Manzotti, C; Persiani, S; Rovati, LC; Sala, F; Vitalini, C; Zangarini, M, 2016)	0.43
"The effects of bioavailability and metabolic transformation on the biological activities of daidzein are relatively unknown."	( Relative Inhibitions of 5-Lipoxygenase and Myeloperoxidase and Free-Radical Scavenging Activities of Daidzein, Dihydrodaidzein, and Equol. Loke, WM; Tan, XY; Tan, YM; Tsen, SY; Yan, BY, 2016)	0.64
" Polyphenols bioavailability is low, and gut microbiota metabolize them into simpler metabolites."	( Interactions of gut microbiota with dietary polyphenols and consequences to human health. Espín, JC; Selma, MV; Tomás-Barberán, FA, 2016)	0.43
" Existing functional substances have been assessed as fermentation substrates for better component bioavailability or other functions."	( Bioconversion Using Lactic Acid Bacteria: Ginsenosides, GABA, and Phenolic Compounds. Lee, NK; Paik, HD, 2017)	0.46
" Equol is metabolized from the isoflavone daidzein by intestinal bacteria and has higher bioavailability than other isoflavones."	( Premenstrual symptoms interference and equol production status in Japanese collegiate athletes: A cross-sectional study. Shiina, M; Takeda, T; Uchiyama, S; Ueno, T, 2018)	1.66
" Equol, a metabolite of a soy isoflavone converted from daidzein by specific gut bacteria, has a greater bioavailability compared with other soy isoflavones."	( Effectiveness of natural S-equol supplement for premenstrual symptoms: protocol of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Chiba, Y; Shiina, M; Takeda, T, 2018)	1.69
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
"Many studies have investigated the effects of soy isoflavones on weight control, but few have focused on the role of equol, a gut-derived metabolite of daidzein with greater bioavailability than other soy isoflavones."	( Gut microbiota and acylcarnitine metabolites connect the beneficial association between equol and adiposity in adults: a prospective cohort study. Chen, D; Chen, YM; Fu, Y; Gou, W; Jiang, Z; Liu, CY; Wu, YY; Xie, K; Yan, Y; Yang, Y; Zheng, JS; Zhu, HL, 2022)	1.15
" The difference in the intestinal microflora can modify the bioavailability of zinc."	( Association between urinary zinc excretion and isoflavone-metabolizing enterotypes among Japanese females: a cross-sectional study. Fujitani, T; Harada, KH; Lyu, Z; Sassa, MH, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Neonatal rats were dosed with 10 or 100 micrograms of coumestrol or equol on postnatal day (PND) 1-10."	( Methylation profile and amplification of proto-oncogenes in rat pancreas induced with phytoestrogens. Blann, E; Bo, J; Lyn-Cook, BD; Medlock, K; Payne, PW; Sheehan, D, 1995)	0.53
" It is believed that the observed activities were not generated by cell free cell culture conditions because increased responses were observed over and above control values when the compounds were added, and also increasing dose-response relationships have been found after treatment with such oestrogenic compounds in previously reported studies."	( Oestrogenic compounds and oxidative stress (in human sperm and lymphocytes in the Comet assay). Anderson, D; Baumgartner, A; Brinkworth, MH; Cemeli-Carratala, E; Schmid, TE; Wood, JM, 2003)	0.32
" No significant differences in the bioavailability of daidzein were observed in aged rats dosed with aglycon, glucoside or Novasoy."	( Effect of glycosidation of isoflavones on their bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in aged male rats. Cooke, GM; Gilani, GS; Robertson, P; Sepehr, E, 2009)	0.35
" In addition, no evidence of cytotoxicity or genotoxicity was seen in the rat bone marrow micronucleus test in animals dosed at levels up to the standard limit of 2000 mg/kg."	( Genotoxicity assessment of S-equol in bacterial mutation, chromosomal aberration, and rodent bone marrow micronucleus tests. Jackson, R; Proudlock, R; Schwen, R, 2010)	0.65
"Consumption of dietary isoflavones or equol exposure in rats has body weight controlling effects and equol specifically may have antidepressant potential dependent upon diet initiation and/or dosage of treatments."	( Neuromodulation by soy diets or equol: anti-depressive & anti-obesity-like influences, age- & hormone-dependent effects. Blake, C; Fabick, KM; Lephart, ED; Lund, TD; Setchell, KD, 2011)	0.92
" These results indicate that equol at low dosage can prevent skeletal muscle cell damage induced by H(2)O(2), while pretreatment with high-dosage equol shows a synergistic effect with H(2)O(2) in inducing cell damage."	( Antioxidant effect of a phytoestrogen equol on cultured muscle cells of embryonic broilers. Lu, LZ; Ni, YD; Wei, XJ; Wu, J; Zhao, RQ, 2011)	0.93
"The relatively modest benefit of vasomotor symptom relief in clinical trials of isoflavones may reflect once-daily dosing and low percentages of participants who are able to metabolize daidzein into equol, a potentially more biologically active isoflavone."	( Impact of dose, frequency of administration, and equol production on efficacy of isoflavones for menopausal hot flashes: a pilot randomized trial. Churchill, L; Crawford, SL; Jackson, EA; Lampe, JW; Leung, K; Ockene, JK, 2013)	0.83
"We randomized 130 perimenopausal (no menses in the past 3 mo) and postmenopausal (≥12 mo of amenorrhea) women with a mean of five or more moderate/severe hot flashes per day to treatment arms with varying total daily isoflavone doses and dosing frequency, separately for equol producers and nonproducers."	( Impact of dose, frequency of administration, and equol production on efficacy of isoflavones for menopausal hot flashes: a pilot randomized trial. Churchill, L; Crawford, SL; Jackson, EA; Lampe, JW; Leung, K; Ockene, JK, 2013)	0.82
"Hot flash intensity scores were lowest in women randomized to the highest total daily dose (100-200 mg) and in women randomized to the highest dosing frequency (twice daily to thrice daily), with greater benefits on nighttime scores than on daytime scores."	( Impact of dose, frequency of administration, and equol production on efficacy of isoflavones for menopausal hot flashes: a pilot randomized trial. Churchill, L; Crawford, SL; Jackson, EA; Lampe, JW; Leung, K; Ockene, JK, 2013)	0.64
"These results suggest that a twice-daily to thrice-daily dosing frequency may improve the benefit of isoflavones for vasomotor symptom relief, particularly in equol producers and for nighttime symptoms."	( Impact of dose, frequency of administration, and equol production on efficacy of isoflavones for menopausal hot flashes: a pilot randomized trial. Churchill, L; Crawford, SL; Jackson, EA; Lampe, JW; Leung, K; Ockene, JK, 2013)	0.84
"Six-month consumption of whole soy and purified daidzein at provided dosage had no improvement on body weight and composition compared with isocaloric milk placebo among prehypertensive equol-producing postmenopausal women."	( A six-month randomized controlled trial of whole soy and isoflavones daidzein on body composition in equol-producing postmenopausal women with prehypertension. Chen, YM; Ho, SC; Liu, ZM; Woo, J, 2013)	0.8

Class	Description
hydroxyisoflavans	A member of the class of isoflavans in which one or more ring hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy groups.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
daidzin and daidzein degradation	3	11

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	5.8760	0.0000	0.7237	32.7000	AID1855803
Androgen receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	74.1310	0.0010	1.9794	14.1600	AID255211
Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	5.5710	0.0001	0.5294	32.7000	AID1855804
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
antral ovarian follicle growth	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell development	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodeling	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
androgen metabolic process	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
male gonad development	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phospholipase C activity	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estradiol	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estrogen	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferation	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell differentiation	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory response	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
uterus development	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
vagina development	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
prostate epithelial cord elongation	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
prostate epithelial cord arborization involved in prostate glandular acinus morphogenesis	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
mammary gland branching involved in pregnancy	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
mammary gland alveolus development	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland duct elongation	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to chromatin	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estradiol stimulus	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA transcription	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estrogen stimulus	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signaling	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growth	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estradiol stimulus	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estrogen stimulus	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
TFIIB-class transcription factor binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coregulator binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription corepressor binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
beta-catenin binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
TBP-class protein binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear estrogen receptor activity	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear estrogen receptor binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen response element binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear steroid receptor activity	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid binding	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear estrogen receptor activity	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen response element binding	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor antagonist activity	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nucleus	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
euchromatin	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Estrogen receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Estrogen receptor beta	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1347160	Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347159	Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1851305	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Biocatalytic synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of hydroxyequols.
AID255211	Inhibitory concentration against recombinant rat androgen receptor expressed in Escherichia coli using [3H]methyltrienolone (R 1881)	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-08, Volume: 48, Issue:18	Impact of induced fit on ligand binding to the androgen receptor: a multidimensional QSAR study to predict endocrine-disrupting effects of environmental chemicals.
AID1851309	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Biocatalytic synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of hydroxyequols.
AID401477	Displacement of [3H]diazepam from benzodiazepine receptor in rat cerebral cortex membrane
AID1851306	Antioxidant activity assessed as trolox equivalent of DPPH radical scavenging activity by DPPH assay relative to trolox	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Biocatalytic synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of hydroxyequols.
AID1851307	Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH radical scavenging activity by DPPH assay	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Biocatalytic synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of hydroxyequols.
AID1855803	Displacement of EL red from human full-length ER-alpha expressed in baculovirus expression system incubated for 2 hrs by fluorescence polarization assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-05, Volume: 241	An overview on Estrogen receptors signaling and its ligands in breast cancer.
AID1851308	Bactericidal activity against Bacillus subtilis assessed as decrease in cell survival	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Biocatalytic synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of hydroxyequols.
AID1851310	Bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli assessed as decrease in cell survival	2022	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73	Biocatalytic synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of hydroxyequols.
AID1855804	Displacement of EL red from human full-length ER-beta expressed in baculovirus expression system incubated for 2 hrs by fluorescence polarization assay	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-05, Volume: 241	An overview on Estrogen receptors signaling and its ligands in breast cancer.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	23 (3.53)	18.7374
1990's	43 (6.60)	18.2507
2000's	202 (30.98)	29.6817
2010's	294 (45.09)	24.3611
2020's	90 (13.80)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	90 (13.39%)	5.53%
Reviews	47 (6.99%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	4 (0.60%)	0.25%
Other	531 (79.02%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (11)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Effect of Natural S-equol on Blood Pressure and Vascular funtion-a Six-month Randomized, Double-blind and Placebo-controlled Trial Among Equol Non-producers of Postmenopausal Women With Prehypertension or Untreated Stage 1 Hypertension [NCT02515682]		207 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Not yet recruiting
S-Equol in Alzheimer's Disease (SEAD) Trial [NCT02142777]	Phase 1	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-31	Completed
Acute Equol Supplementation and Vascular Function in Postmenopausal Women With and Without CKD [NCT06128278]	Phase 2	38 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-07	Recruiting
Arterial Stiffness, Cognition and Equol [NCT05741060]	Phase 2	400 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-29	Recruiting
Randomized, Double Blind, Multicenter, Placebo Controlled, Proof of Concept Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of 4 Weeks Treatment With AUS 131 (S Equol) on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia [NCT00962390]	Phase 2	116 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-06-30	Completed
Randomized, Double Blind, Multicenter, Placebo Controlled, Proof of Concept Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of 4 Weeks Treatment With AUS-131 (S-equol) on Vasomotor Symptoms in Menopausal Patients [NCT00962585]	Phase 2	169 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Completed
Randomized, Double-Blind, Single Rising Dose Study of S-equol in Normal Volunteers [NCT00787007]	Phase 1	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Completed
S-Equol in Alzheimer's Disease 2 (SEAD2) Trial [NCT03101085]	Phase 1/Phase 2	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-05-05	Completed
Randomized, Double-Blind, Rising Multiple Dose Study of S-Equol in Normal Volunteers [NCT00998920]	Phase 1	41 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-12-31	Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess a Nutritional Supplement on Vasomotor Symptoms In Perimenopausal and Menopausal Women [NCT04516304]		118 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-27	Completed
A Pre-surgical Clinical Trial of Therapy With S-equol in Women With Triple Negative Breast Cancer. [NCT02352025]	Early Phase 1	39 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-15	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00962390 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline at Week 4 in Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Concentration.
NCT00962390 (14) [back to overview]	Investigators Assessment of Nocturia at Week 4
NCT00962390 (14) [back to overview]	Participants Assessment of Nocturia at Week 4
NCT00962390 (14) [back to overview]	Categorical Change in Qmax From Baseline at Week 4
NCT00962390 (14) [back to overview]	Change in DAN Prostate Symptom Scale From Baseline at Week 4
NCT00962390 (14) [back to overview]	Change in I-PSS Total Score From Baseline at Week 4
NCT00962390 (14) [back to overview]	Change in in Dihydrotestosterone Concentration From Baseline at Week 4
NCT00962390 (14) [back to overview]	Change in Luteinizing Hormone Concentration From Baseline at Week 4
NCT00962390 (14) [back to overview]	Change in Post-Void Residual Volume From Baseline at Week 4
NCT00962390 (14) [back to overview]	Change in Prostate Volume From Baseline at Week 4
NCT00962390 (14) [back to overview]	Change in Qmax From Baseline at Week 4
NCT00962390 (14) [back to overview]	Change in Total Testosterone Concentration From Baseline at Week 4
NCT00962390 (14) [back to overview]	Change in Void Volume From Baseline at Week 4
NCT00962390 (14) [back to overview]	Percent Change in Qmax From Baseline at Week 4
NCT00962585 (14) [back to overview]	Mean Precentage Change in the Menopause Rating Scale Total Score From Baseline at Week 4
NCT00962585 (14) [back to overview]	Percentage Change From Baseline in Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) - Sum of 3 Symptoms (Irritability, Dry Vagina, Joint/Muscular Discomfort)
NCT00962585 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline (Day 0) in the Frequency of MSVS at Week 1 and Week 2
NCT00962585 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline (Day 0) in the Severity of VMS as Recorded in the Patient Diary at Week 1, Week 2, and Week 4
NCT00962585 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline (Day 0) in Vaginal pH at Week 2 and Week 4
NCT00962585 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Estradiol Concentration at Weeks 2 and 4
NCT00962585 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) - Dryness of Vagina- S-equol Groups Combined
NCT00962585 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) - Sum of 3 Symptoms (Irritability, Dry Vagina, Joint/Muscular Discomfort)
NCT00962585 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) - Sum of 3 Symptoms (Irritability, Dry Vagina, Joint/Muscular Discomfort) - S-equol Groups Combined
NCT00962585 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Progesterone Concentration at Week 2 and Week 4
NCT00962585 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Vaginal Maturation Index at Week 2 and Week 4
NCT00962585 (14) [back to overview]	Mean Change in Frequency of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms (MSVS) Baseline at Week 4 (2-week Period)
NCT00962585 (14) [back to overview]	Mean Change in Frequency of MSVS From Baseline at Week 4 (1-week Period)
NCT00962585 (14) [back to overview]	Mean Change in the Menopause Rating Scale Total Score From Baseline at Week 4

Change From Baseline at Week 4 in Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Concentration.

Prostate specific antigen is considered to be the most sensitive measure of S-equol effects on the prostate, due to the expected effects of S-equol on the androgen receptor axis. In this proof-of-concept study, a population of 124 male subjects was estimated to achieve approximately 104 completed subjects (based on an estimated drop-out rate of 15%) to examine the dose-response compared to placebo. A sample size of 26 subjects in each treatment arm was considered to be adequate to observe a trend in this proof-of-concept study. (NCT00962390)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Intervention	ng/mL (Least Squares Mean)
S-equol 10 mg BID	-0.1
S-equol 50 mg BID	-0.1
S-equol 150 mg BID	-0.3
Placebo BID	-0.4

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Week 4 Values, <=2 mL/sec	Week 4 Values, >2 mL/sec
Placebo BID	17	11
S-equol 10 mg BID	17	8
S-equol 150 mg BID	13	10
S-equol 50 mg BID	19	7

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Total Score, Week 4 Values	Total Score, Change from Baseline	Sexual Function Score, Week 4 Values	Sexual Function Score, Change from Baseline
Placebo BID	20.3	-10.0	4.7	0.3
S-equol 10 mg BID	17.7	-8.2	2.2	-0.3
S-equol 150 mg BID	22.7	-4.7	5.6	-1.2
S-equol 50 mg BID	22.1	-11.5	4.2	0.2

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Week 4 Values	Change from Baseline
Placebo BID	15.07	-5.96
S-equol 10 mg BID	15.56	-5.81
S-equol 150 mg BID	17.54	-4.15
S-equol 50 mg BID	17.46	-6.18

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Week 4 Values, <=30%	Week 4 Values, >30%
Placebo BID	19	9
S-equol 10 mg BID	18	7
S-equol 150 mg BID	13	9
S-equol 50 mg BID	22	4

Intervention	Percentage Change (Mean)
S-equol 10 mg BID	-36.7
S-equol 50 mg BID	-37.4
S-equol 150 mg BID	-30.6
Placebo	-27.4

Intervention	Percentage Change (Mean)
S-equol 10 mg BID	-29.1
S-equol 50 mg BID	-32.7
S-equol 150 mg BID	-30.2
Placebo	-0.6

Intervention	Number of MSVS/week (Mean)
	Week 1	Change from Baseline at Week 1	Week 1, LSMean	Week 2	Change from Baseline at Week 2	Week 2, LSMean
Placebo	54.1	-13.8	54.72	50.0	-17.9	50.66
S-equol 10 mg BID	53.6	-19.9	50.95	47.3	-23.3	43.96
S-equol 150 mg BID	54.4	-15.9	56.03	51.0	-19.4	51.56
S-equol 50 mg BID	63.1	-6.7	64.41	54.3	-14.8	54.22

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline (Day 0)	Week 1	Change from Baseline at Week 1	Week 1, LSMean	Week 2	Change from Baseline at Week 2	Week 2, LSMean	Week 4	Change from Baseline at Week 4	Week 4, LSMean
Placebo	172.8	136.0	-36.8	137.27	128.7	-44.1	130.00	101.6	-71.2	102.96
S-equol 10 mg BID	188.6	139.0	-49.5	130.93	122.0	-60.4	113.86	110.5	-75.5	101.27
S-equol 150 mg BID	175.6	133.6	-41.8	139.36	126.2	-49.4	129.34	99.5	-76.2	101.67
S-equol 50 mg BID	177.1	160.4	-17.5	162.94	140.1	-35.3	138.73	120.3	-56.8	119.11

equol

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (56)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Pathways (1)

Protein Targets (3)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (44)

Molecular Functions (29)

Ceullar Components (13)

Bioassays (15)

Research

Studies (652)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 41.53

Study Types

Clinical Trials (11)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change From Baseline at Week 4 in Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) Concentration.

Investigators Assessment of Nocturia at Week 4

Participants Assessment of Nocturia at Week 4

Categorical Change in Qmax From Baseline at Week 4

Change in DAN Prostate Symptom Scale From Baseline at Week 4

Change in I-PSS Total Score From Baseline at Week 4

Change in in Dihydrotestosterone Concentration From Baseline at Week 4

Change in Luteinizing Hormone Concentration From Baseline at Week 4

Change in Post-Void Residual Volume From Baseline at Week 4

Change in Prostate Volume From Baseline at Week 4

Change in Qmax From Baseline at Week 4

Change in Total Testosterone Concentration From Baseline at Week 4

Change in Void Volume From Baseline at Week 4

Percent Change in Qmax From Baseline at Week 4

Mean Precentage Change in the Menopause Rating Scale Total Score From Baseline at Week 4

Percentage Change From Baseline in Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) - Sum of 3 Symptoms (Irritability, Dry Vagina, Joint/Muscular Discomfort)

Change From Baseline (Day 0) in the Frequency of MSVS at Week 1 and Week 2

Change From Baseline (Day 0) in the Severity of VMS as Recorded in the Patient Diary at Week 1, Week 2, and Week 4

Change From Baseline (Day 0) in Vaginal pH at Week 2 and Week 4

Change From Baseline in Estradiol Concentration at Weeks 2 and 4

Change From Baseline in Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) - Dryness of Vagina- S-equol Groups Combined

Change From Baseline in Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) - Sum of 3 Symptoms (Irritability, Dry Vagina, Joint/Muscular Discomfort)

Change From Baseline in Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) - Sum of 3 Symptoms (Irritability, Dry Vagina, Joint/Muscular Discomfort) - S-equol Groups Combined

Change From Baseline in Progesterone Concentration at Week 2 and Week 4

Change From Baseline in Vaginal Maturation Index at Week 2 and Week 4

Mean Change in Frequency of Moderate to Severe Vasomotor Symptoms (MSVS) Baseline at Week 4 (2-week Period)

Mean Change in Frequency of MSVS From Baseline at Week 4 (1-week Period)

Mean Change in the Menopause Rating Scale Total Score From Baseline at Week 4

Related Drugs (309)

Related Conditions (249)