Di-n-hexyl phthalate (DnHP) is a plasticizer used to increase the flexibility and durability of plastics. It is synthesized through the esterification reaction of phthalic anhydride with n-hexanol. DnHP is a colorless, odorless liquid that is relatively non-volatile and has a high boiling point. Due to its widespread use in various products, DnHP can be found in the environment and has been detected in human blood and urine. Research on DnHP focuses on its potential health effects, including endocrine disruption, reproductive toxicity, and developmental toxicity. These concerns arise from DnHP's ability to mimic hormones and interfere with their natural functions. Studies have shown that DnHP can disrupt hormone signaling pathways, particularly those involving estrogen and androgen receptors. This disruption can lead to developmental problems, reproductive abnormalities, and other health issues. Additionally, DnHP has been linked to an increased risk of certain cancers. Therefore, understanding the environmental fate, toxicity, and human exposure levels of DnHP is crucial for assessing its potential risks and developing strategies for risk mitigation.'
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 6786 |
| CHEMBL ID | 3181956 |
| CHEBI ID | 34678 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 50751 |
| MeSH ID | M0089076 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| BIDD:ER0642 |
| AKOS015839890 |
| phthalic acid di-n-hexyl ester |
| phthalic acid, dihexyl ester |
| dihexyl phthalate |
| di-n-hexyl phthalate |
| nsc4817 |
| nsc-4817 |
| wln: 6ovr bvo6 |
| 84-75-3 |
| 1, dihexyl ester |
| 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, dihexyl ester |
| dihexyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate |
| ai3-04274 |
| dihexylester kyseliny ftalove [czech] |
| nsc 4817 |
| brn 1886839 |
| hexyl phthalate, 1,2- |
| 1,2-benzenedioic acid dihexyl ester |
| ai3-04274 (usda) |
| n-dihexyl phthalate |
| einecs 201-559-5 |
| di-n-hexylphthalate |
| bis(n-hexyl) phthalate |
| ccris 6192 |
| hsdb 4490 |
| di(n-hexyl)phthalate |
| 68515-50-4 |
| phthalic acid dihexyl ester |
| dihexyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate |
| P1344 |
| NCGC00247915-02 |
| NCGC00247915-01 |
| 42mah1qfg5 , |
| unii-42mah1qfg5 |
| 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-dihexyl ester |
| dihexylester kyseliny ftalove |
| cas-84-75-3 |
| dtxcid505068 |
| tox21_300165 |
| NCGC00254224-01 |
| dtxsid6025068 , |
| NCGC00259969-01 |
| tox21_202420 |
| 68610-82-2 |
| FT-0624940 |
| dihexyl phthalate [hsdb] |
| SCHEMBL50751 |
| CHEBI:34678 , |
| dihexylphthalate |
| KCXZNSGUUQJJTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| CHEMBL3181956 |
| FT-0697120 |
| mfcd00043720 |
| dihexyl phthalate, analytical standard |
| S10762 |
| phthalic acid, bis-hexyl ester |
| phthalic acid, bis-hexyl ester 10 microg/ml in cyclohexane |
| F0001-2135 |
| Q26841288 |
| SY032083 |
| 1,2-dihexyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate |
| AS-56842 |
| CS-W011931 |
| EN300-1073399 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " These results indicated that the immune reactions of prawns were variable due to the different toxic effects of PAEs." | ( The toxic effect of phthalate esters on immune responses of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) via oral treatment. Chen, WL; Sung, HH, 2005) | 0.33 |
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " Both male and female CD-1 mice were dosed for 7 days prior to and during a 98-day cohabitation period." | ( Reproductive effects of four phthalic acid esters in the mouse. Chapin, RE; Lamb, JC; Lawton, AD; Reel, JR; Teague, J, 1987) | 0.27 |
| " This study was designed to evaluate the dose-response relationship for the effects of DnHP on the synthesis and production of testosterone in the fetal rat testis." | ( Dose-dependent alterations in gene expression and testosterone production in fetal rat testis after exposure to di-n-hexyl phthalate. Denis, F; Moison, D; Robert, A; Roudot, AC; Rouiller-Fabre, V; Sabaté, JP; Saillenfait, AM, 2013) | 0.6 |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| 2-hydroxyisophthalic acid | A hydroxybenzoic acid that is isophthalic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a hydroxy group. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acetylcholinesterase | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 41.8126 | 0.0025 | 41.7960 | 15,848.9004 | AID1347395; AID1347397 |
| estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta) | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.7250 | 0.0006 | 57.9133 | 22,387.1992 | AID1259378 |
| nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.3143 | 0.0010 | 22.6508 | 76.6163 | AID1224838; AID1224839; AID1224893 |
| progesterone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 48.1754 | 0.0004 | 17.9460 | 75.1148 | AID1346784; AID1346795 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.1847 | 0.0030 | 41.6115 | 22,387.1992 | AID1159552; AID1159555 |
| retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 22.3308 | 0.0008 | 17.5051 | 59.3239 | AID1159527 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 55.5927 | 0.0054 | 28.0263 | 1,258.9301 | AID1346982 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.6822 | 0.0002 | 29.3054 | 16,493.5996 | AID743069; AID743075; AID743078 |
| peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 25.0556 | 0.0010 | 24.5048 | 61.6448 | AID743215 |
| aryl hydrocarbon receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 58.8867 | 0.0007 | 23.0674 | 1,258.9301 | AID743122 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 13.6854 | 0.0016 | 28.0151 | 77.1139 | AID1224843; AID1224895 |
| histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 49.5470 | 0.0376 | 17.0823 | 61.1927 | AID1259364 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.2621 | 0.0023 | 19.5956 | 74.0614 | AID651631 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 6 (20.69) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 2 (6.90) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 7 (24.14) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 8 (27.59) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 6 (20.69) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (47.65) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 2 (6.45%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 29 (93.55%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||