dechlorane plus profile

Dechlorane Plus, also known as DDP or Mirex, is a brominated flame retardant that has been widely used in various applications, including electronics, textiles, and plastics. It is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) that is highly resistant to degradation in the environment. Its synthesis involves a multi-step process that starts with the reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with cyclopentadiene, followed by several chlorination and bromination steps. Dechlorane Plus has been shown to have toxic effects on various organisms, including aquatic species, birds, and mammals. Its bioaccumulation in food chains and potential health risks have led to its global regulation and phase-out. Research on Dechlorane Plus focuses on understanding its environmental fate, toxicity, and potential long-term effects on human health and ecosystems. Studies explore its persistence, transport, bioaccumulation, and potential impacts on wildlife and human populations. The research aims to develop strategies for its mitigation, monitoring, and remediation in the environment.'

dechlorane plus: a flame retardant; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	26111
SCHEMBL ID	523778
MeSH ID	M0518206

Synonym
dechlorane plus
dechlorane plus 1000
dechloran a
dechlorane plus 35
einecs 236-948-9
1,4:7,10-dimethanodibenzo(a,e)cyclooctene, 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,13,13,14,14-dodecachloro-1,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,10,10a,11,12,12a-dodecahydro-
dechlorane 605
brn 2195908
1,4:7,10-dimethanodibenzo(a,e)cyclooctane, 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,13,13,14,14-dodecachloro-1,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,10,10a,11,12,12a-dodecahydro-
ai3-27889
dodecachlorododecahydrodimethanodibenzocyclooctane
hsdb 7450
dechlorane plus 25
1,6,7,8,9,14,15,16,17,17,18,18-dodecachloropentacyclo(12.2.1.16,9.02,13.05,10)octadeca-7,15-diene
dechlorane plus 2520
1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,13,13,14,14-dodecachloro-1,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,10,10a,11,12,12a-dodecahydro-1,4:7,10-dimethanodibenzo[a,e][8]annulene
13560-89-9
1,4:7,10-dimethanodibenzo[a,e]cyclooctene, 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,13,13,14,14-dodecachloro-1,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,10,10a,11,12,12a-dodecahydro-
FT-0665546
unii-193g0er097
193g0er097 ,
bis(hexachlorocyclopentadieno)cyclooctane
ec 236-948-9
4-05-00-01783 (beilstein handbook reference)
dechlorane a
SCHEMBL523778
DTXSID7027750
escapeflam dk-15
1,6,7,8,9,14,15,16,17,17,18,18-dodecachloropentacyclo[12.2.1.16,9.02,13.05,10]octadeca-7,15-diene
J-006733
dechlorane plus = 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,13,13,14,14-dodecachloro-1,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,10,10a,11,12,12a-dodecahydro-1,4,7,10-dimethanodibenzo[a,e]cyclooctene
Q5249126

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Dechlorane plus (DP) is a potential persistent organic pollutant and its distribution in various tissues and organs of terrestrial organisms is currently unknown. "	( Factors Influencing Dechlorane plus Distributions in Various Sheep Tissues. Bao, J; Bu, T; Chen, W; Jin, H; Jin, J; Li, T; Liu, Y, 2022)	2.49
"Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a widely used chlorinated flame retardant, which has been extensively detected in the environment. "	( Toxic effects of dechlorane plus on the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) embryonic development. Chang, Z; Chen, J; Du, Q; Li, B; Qu, Y; Wang, B, 2020)	2.34
"Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a typical polychlorinated flame retardant that has been emerged in chemical products. "	( Effects of dechlorane plus on intestinal barrier function and intestinal microbiota of Cyprinus carpio L. Chang, X; Chang, Z; Chen, J; Li, B; Qi, P; Wang, S, 2020)	2.39
"Dechlorane Plus (DP) is an unregulated, highly chlorinated flame retardant. "	( Dechlorane Plus as an emerging environmental pollutant in Asia: a review. Ahmed, S; Ali, M; Iqbal, MM; Jan, B; Kali, S; Masood, N; Munawar, K; Naz, T; Niazi, MBK; Riaz, MA; Waseem, A; Zafar, MI, 2020)	3.44
"Dechlorane Plus is a polychlorinated compound which has exclusively anthropic origin. "	( Dechlorane Plus and Related Compounds in Food-A Review. Cariou, R; Dervilly, G; Gazzotti, T; Ghelli, E; Pagliuca, G, 2021)	3.51
"Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a chlorinated flame retardant used mainly in electrical wire and cable coating, computer connectors, and plastic roofing materials. "	( Dechlorane Plus induces oxidative stress and decreases cyclooxygenase activity in the blue mussel. Fortier, M; Fraser, M; Gagné, PL; Parent, L; Vaillancourt, C; Verreault, J, 2017)	3.34
"Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a high-production volume, chlorinated flame retardant comprising two major isomers, syn- and anti-DP. "	( Levels and profiles of Dechlorane Plus in a major E-waste dismantling area in China. Chen, W; Li, X; Li, Y; Ren, D; Shang, H; Wang, P; Xiao, K; Zhang, H; Zhang, Q, 2013)	2.14
"Dechlorane plus (DP) is a high-productive volume substance which had been identified as ubiquitous pollutant and has been widely detected in biota. "	( Gastrointestinal absorption, dynamic tissue-specific accumulation, and isomer composition of dechlorane plus and related analogs in common carp by dietary exposure. Luo, XJ; Mai, BX; Tang, B; Zeng, YH; Zheng, XB, 2014)	2.06
"Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a chlorinated flame retardants that is globally ubiquitous. "	( Potential genotoxicity and risk assessment of a chlorinated flame retardant, Dechlorane Plus. Dou, J; Jin, Y; Li, M; Li, Y; Wu, B, 2015)	2.09
"Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a flame retardant used as a substitute of Mirex since 1970s, but it was not detected in the environment until 2006. "	( Determination of Dechlorane Plus and related compounds (dechlorane 602, 603 and 604) in fish and vegetable oils. Blanco, MJ; Díaz-Ferrero, J; Martí, R; Pijuan, L; Von Eyken, A, 2016)	2.22
"Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a chlorinated flame retardant widely used worldwide, and has been reported in environment and humans. "	( Toxicological responses following short-term exposure through gavage feeding or water-borne exposure to Dechlorane Plus in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Choi, K; Kang, H; Moon, HB, 2016)	2.09
"Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a proposed alternative to the legacy flame retardant decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), a major component of Deca-BDE formulations. "	( Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Physiological Effects of Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-209) and Dechlorane Plus (DP) Flame Retardants in Marine Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Barceló, D; Barón, E; Crowther, C; Dissanayake, A; Eljarrat, E; Jha, AN; Readman, JW; Vilà-Cano, J, 2016)	2.1
"Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a chlorinated flame retardant (FR) comprised of two major structural isomers, syn and anti. "	( Isomers of Dechlorane Plus flame retardant in the eggs of herring gulls (Larus argentatus) from the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America: temporal changes and spatial distribution. Gauthier, LT; Letcher, RJ, 2009)	2.19
"Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a highly chlorinated flame retardant. "	( Levels and isomer profiles of Dechlorane Plus in the surface soils from e-waste recycling areas and industrial areas in South China. Fu, J; Gao, S; Li, H; Lu, S; Sheng, G; Wang, J; Yu, Z; Zeng, X, 2010)	2.09
"Dechlorane Plus (DP) is an additive chlorinated flame retardant comprising two major isomers, syn- and anti-DP, that is used in a variety of commercial/industrial products. "	( The effects of Dechlorane Plus on toxicity and mRNA expression in chicken embryos: a comparison of in vitro and in ovo approaches. Chiu, S; Crump, D; Gauthier, LT; Hickey, NJ; Kennedy, SW; Letcher, RJ, 2011)	2.16
"Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a high production volume, chlorinated flame retardant. "	( Dechlorane plus and related compounds in the environment: a review. Arnot, JA; Hites, RA; Law, RJ; Li, YF; McCarry, BE; Reiner, EJ; Sverko, E; Tomy, GT, 2011)	3.25

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Dechlorane Plus (DP) has been detected in human serum around the world. "	( Effect of Affinity between Dechlorane Plus and Human Serum Albumin on Its Serum Concentration in a General Population. Bao, J; Chen, L; Hou, L; Jin, J; Qiao, J; Su, M; Wang, Y; Zhang, Y, 2022)	2.46
"Dechlorane Plus (DP), which has severe effects on marine ecosystems, has been proposed for listing under the Stockholm Convention as a persistent organic pollutant (POPs). "	( Source, fate and budget of Dechlorane Plus (DP) in a typical semi-closed sea, China. Fang, Y; Li, Y; Liu, L; Pan, X; Tang, J; Tian, C; Wang, X; Zhen, X, 2021)	2.36
"Dechlorane Plus (DP) has been detected extensively in both biotic and abiotic matrices, and stereoselective enrichment of Dechlorane Plus isomers has also been observed in organisms. "	( Kinetics of stereoselective enrichment of Dechlorane Plus in Ulva Pertusa. Gong, N; Jia, H; Luan, C; Mi, D; Shao, K; Sun, Y; Zhao, L, 2014)	2.11
"Dechlorane Plus (DP) has been used as a highly chlorinated flame retardant substituting those that are now internationally regulated under the Stockholm Convention. "	( Dechlorane Plus pollution and inventory in soil of Huai'an City, China. Huang, J; Iino, F; Lu, Y; Morita, M; Wang, B; Yu, G, 2010)	3.25
"Dechlorane Plus (DP) has been determined in surface sediments from three Chinese coastal bays, e.g. "	( Levels and distribution of Dechlorane Plus in coastal sediments of the Yellow Sea, North China. Ebinghaus, R; Möller, A; Sturm, R; Tang, J; Xie, Z; Zhang, G; Zhao, Z; Zhong, G, 2011)	2.11

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" At current environmental exposure levels, no adverse effects of DP on embryonic viability or pathways associated with the genes assessed are predicted."	( The effects of Dechlorane Plus on toxicity and mRNA expression in chicken embryos: a comparison of in vitro and in ovo approaches. Chiu, S; Crump, D; Gauthier, LT; Hickey, NJ; Kennedy, SW; Letcher, RJ, 2011)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"10 for DP, in mud carp, nile tilapia, and plecostomus, respectively, suggesting relatively low bioavailability of DP isomers in the sediments."	( Isomers of Dechlorane Plus in an aquatic environment in a highly industrialized area in Southern China: spatial and vertical distribution, phase partition, and bioaccumulation. Chen, SJ; He, MJ; Luo, XJ; Mai, BX; Wei, SQ; Wu, JP, 2014)	0.79
" Thus, attention should be given to these highly bioavailable flame retardants in future environmental biomonitoring and risk assessments in a post-PBDE era."	( Halogenated flame retardants in bobcats from the midwestern United States. Boyles, E; Chen, D; Nielsen, CK; Reiner, EJ; Shen, L; Tan, H; Wu, Y, 2017)	0.46
" The labile fraction, which indicated the bioavailability of DP, decreased from 25."	( Validation and Application of a 3-Step Sequential Extraction Method to Investigate the Fraction Transformation of Organic Pollutants in Aging Soils: A Case Study of Dechlorane Plus. Cheng, Y; Ding, J; Ji, X; Xie, X; Zhang, Y, 2019)	0.71

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" There was no observable-effect in histopathology and death during the experiment, although the mRNA expression levels of some genes in the low dosage group decreased significantly and enzyme activity of CYP 2B2 increased."	( Accumulation pattern of Dechlorane Plus and associated biological effects on rats after 90 d of exposure. Dai, J; Li, Y; Mai, B; Wang, J; Wu, J; Yu, L, 2013)	0.7
" The results showed that excretion in feces is a very important elimination pathway of orally dosed DP."	( Intergenerational transfer of Dechlorane Plus and the associated long-term effects on the structure and function of gut microbiota in offspring. Ma, S; Ren, Q; Wu, J; Yang, X; Yu, Y; Zhang, G, 2020)	0.85

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	9 (5.11)	29.6817
2010's	145 (82.39)	24.3611
2020's	22 (12.50)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	6 (3.41%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	170 (96.59%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'	7.21	1	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes	environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite
phthalic acid phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.	2.13	1	benzenedicarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	2.78	3	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	2.8	3	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
triclosan [no description available]	2.15	1	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	2.13	1	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
chlordan Chlordan: A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The EPA has cancelled registrations of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.06	1	cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	3.98	12	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
hexabromobenzene [no description available]	2.17	1
2,3,4,5,6-pentabromotoluene [no description available]	2.47	2
2-chlorotoluene 2-chlorotoluene: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.15	1
nonane iotrochotin: toxin from the Caribbean sponge Iotrochota birotulata, which selectively permeabilizes synaptosomes. nonane : A straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms.	7.08	1	alkane	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
triphenyl phosphate triphenyl phosphate: structure. triphenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the formal condensation of phosphoric acid with 3 mol eq. of phenol.	2.15	1	aryl phosphate	flame retardant; plasticiser
tris(chloroethyl)phosphate tris(chloroethyl)phosphate: has gonadotoxic effects. tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the tris(2-chloroethyl) ester of phosphoric acid.	2.15	1	organochlorine compound; trialkyl phosphate
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.84	3	dialdehyde	biomarker
decabromobiphenyl ether decabromobiphenyl ether: a flame retardant. decabromodiphenyl ether : A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by bromines.	4	12	polybromodiphenyl ether	neurotoxin
mirex Mirex: An organochlorine insecticide that is carcinogenic.	8.21	5	chlorocarbon; organochlorine insecticide	persistent organic pollutant
xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.	7.08	1	monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	2.08	1	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate [no description available]	2.17	1	trialkyl phosphate
tributyl phosphate tributyl phosphate: a detergent. tributyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.	2.15	1	trialkyl phosphate
dechlorane 602 dechlorane 602: structure in first source	10.4	17
1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane: structure given in first source	2.75	3
2,8-dichlorodibenzo-4-dioxin 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-4-dioxin: metabolite for 2,3,7,8-TCDD	2.15	1
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.	2.69	2	anthocyanidin chloride
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether [no description available]	2.58	2	aromatic ether; organobromine compound
bis(2-ethylhexyl) 2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate bis(2-ethylhexyl) 2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate: structure in first source	2.07	1
methyl triclosan methyl triclosan: structure in first source	2.15	1
decabromodiphenyl ethane decabromodiphenyl ethane: structure in first source	8.86	10
tribromodiphenyl ether 28 4-bromophenyl 2,4-dibromophenyl ether : A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which the hydrogens at the 2, 4, and 4' positions have been replaced by bromines.	2.17	1	polybromodiphenyl ether
2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate: structure in first source	2.07	1
2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether: brominated flame retardant; structure in first source	2.5	2
dechlorane 604 dechlorane 604: structure in first source	5.14	13
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	2.49	2	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	2.49	2	guanosines	biomarker
dechlorane 603 dechlorane 603: structure in first source	5.13	13
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.21	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	3.25	5
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available]	2.25	1
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	7.25	1
Lipid Metabolism Disorders Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body.	2.25	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.1	1
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	2.05	1
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	2.05	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.07	1

dechlorane plus

Description

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Synonyms (32)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Toxicity

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Dosage Studied

Research

Studies (176)

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Research Demand Index: 49.03

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