Compounds > 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid
Page last updated: 2024-12-07

3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid

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Description

3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

2-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic acid : A furoic acid that is furan-3-carboxylic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 4, a propyl group at position 5 and a 2-carboxyethyl group at position 2. It is a potent uremic toxin that has been found to accumulate in human serum of patients with chronic kidney diseases. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID123979
CHEMBL ID1231562
CHEBI ID41254
SCHEMBL ID250914
MeSH IDM0123530

Synonyms (29)

Synonym
chebi:41254 ,
CHEMBL1231562
cmpf
cmpfpa
3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic
C1F ,
DB07517
2-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic acid
LMFA01150004
3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid
2-furanpropanoic acid, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-
3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid
2-furanpropanoic acid, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-, (2s-(2alpha,3beta,4aalpha,12balpha))-
unii-jtu41879gf
jtu41879gf ,
86879-39-2
SCHEMBL250914
DTXSID90235940
HMS3650C19
AKOS030255099
3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid, analytical standard
u(3,3)
Q27096736
SR-01000946770-1
sr-01000946770
BCP33006
2-furanpropionic acid, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-
2-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylicacid
propylurofuranic acid

Research Excerpts

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Coproporphyrin-I (CP-I) is a sensitive and specific endogenous probe for phenotyping OATP1B activity and a potentially useful tool to individualize the dosage of OATP1B substrates."( Simultaneous quantification of coproporphyrin-I and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid in human plasma using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.
Ando, T; Itoh, H; Mimata, H; Ohno, K; Ono, H; Sasamoto, Y; Shin, T; Suzuki, Y; Tanaka, R; Yoshijima, C, 2020)		0.56
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
uremic toxinA toxin that accumulates in patients with chronic kidney disease.
human metaboliteAny mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
furoic acidA monocarboxylic acid that consists of a furan ring having a single carboxylic acid group on any ring position and derivatives thereof.
dicarboxylic acidAny carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (3)

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Solute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)Km141.00000.42004.61839.3000AID678998
Solute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)Km27.00000.34501.32173.1000AID679675
Solute carrier family 22 member 8Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Km11.00000.73901.53952.3400AID679631
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (14)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
monoatomic anion transportSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compoundSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
inorganic anion transportSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transportSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-ketoglutarate transportSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transportSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
metanephric proximal tubule developmentSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
renal tubular secretionSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substanceSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
inorganic anion transportSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (11)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
solute:inorganic anion antiporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
antiporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
chloride ion bindingSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
solute:inorganic anion antiporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (7)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
caveolaSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexSolute carrier family 22 member 6Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeSolute carrier family 22 member 8Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (94)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID678998TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in OAT1-expressing HEK293 cell2004Kidney international, Jan, Volume: 65, Issue:1
Characterization of uremic toxin transport by organic anion transporters in the kidney.
AID1438723Drug metabolism in human microsomes at 4 uM after 30 mins by single quad LC/MS analysis2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438708Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse muscle assessed as loss of C2 carboxyl during fragmentation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compou2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438742Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse muscle assessed as diacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compound on 2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438697Initial plasma concentration in mouse at 1 mg/kg, iv2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID681395TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Indoxyl sulfate uptake (indoxyl sulfate: 2 uM, CMPF: 1000 uM) in Xenopus laevis oocytes2002Kidney international, May, Volume: 61, Issue:5
Major role of organic anion transporter 3 in the transport of indoxyl sulfate in the kidney.
AID1438724Drug metabolism in mouse microsomes at 4 uM after 30 mins by single quad LC/MS analysis2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438726Inhibition of human microsomal CYP2D6 at 10 uM after 3 mins by single quad LC/MS analysis2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438747Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse liver assessed as oxidative metabolites formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compound on day 2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438729Suppression of KCl-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse pancreatic islet at 200 uM incubated for 24 hrs followed by KCl stimulation for 20 mins by HTRF assay2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438694Drug excretion in human urine assessed as CMPF formation2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438722Cytotoxicity against mouse primary hepatocytes assessed as fold change in capase3/7 activity by Caspase-Glo 3/7 assay relative to DMSO2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438711Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse adipose assessed as loss of C2 carboxyl during fragmentation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test com2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438721Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as fold change in capase3/7 activity by Caspase-Glo 3/7 assay relative to DMSO2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438767Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse liver assessed as glycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylateand test compound on day 4 and 2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438743Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse liver assessed as diacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compound on d2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438772Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse adipose assessed as monoacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylateand test compound on 2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438733Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse plasma assessed as glycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compound on day 4 2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438740Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse adipose assessed as monoacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compound 2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438758Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse muscle assessed as diacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test compound o2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438763Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse liver assessed as oxidative metabolites formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test compound on da2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438779Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse liver assessed as oxidative metabolites formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylateand test compound on day 4 a2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438700Half life in mouse at 3 mg/kg, iv2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438773Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse plasma assessed as diacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylateand test compound on day2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438737Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse plasma assessed as monoacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compound o2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438765Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse plasma assessed as glycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylateand test compound on day 4 and2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438749Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse plasma assessed as glycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test compound on day 2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438782Effect on insulin content in glucose-stimulated mouse pancreatic islet at 200 uM incubated for 24 hrs followed by glucose stimulation for 20 mins by HTRF assay2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438709Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse liver assessed as loss of C2 carboxyl during fragmentation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compoun2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438714Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse plasma assessed as loss of C2 carboxyl during fragmentation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylate and test compound2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438768Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse adipose assessed as glycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylateand test compound on day 4 an2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438695AUC in mouse at 1 mg/kg, iv2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438760Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse adipose assessed as diacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test compound 2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438715Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse adipose assessed as loss of C2 carboxyl during fragmentation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylate and test compoun2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID678954TP_TRANSPORTER: transepithelial transport of erythromycin in the presence of 3-Carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid at 500uM and 1mM in MDR1-expressing MDCK cells2004Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 32, Issue:11
Effects of uremic toxins on hepatic uptake and metabolism of erythromycin.
AID1438745Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse plasma assessed as oxidative metabolites formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compound on day2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438732Suppression of glucose stimulated insulin secretion in human pancreatic islet at 200 uM incubated for 24 hrs followed by glucose stimulation for 20 mins by HTRF assay relative to control2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438702Clearance in mouse at 1 mg/kg, iv2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID679675TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in OAT3-expressing HEK293 cells2004Kidney international, Jan, Volume: 65, Issue:1
Characterization of uremic toxin transport by organic anion transporters in the kidney.
AID1438770Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse muscle assessed as monoacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylateand test compound on d2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438739Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse liver assessed as monoacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compound on2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438759Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse liver assessed as diacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test compound on2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438752Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse adipose assessed as glycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test compound on day2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438693Plasma concentration in human2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438707Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse adipose assessed as loss of C2 carboxyl during fragmentation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compo2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438735Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse liver assessed as glycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compound on day 4 a2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438778Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse muscle assessed as oxidative metabolites formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylateand test compound on day 4 2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438734Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse muscle assessed as glycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compound on day 4 2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438748Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse adipose assessed as oxidative metabolites formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compound on da2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438777Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse plasma assessed as oxidative metabolites formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylateand test compound on day 4 2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438744Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse adipose assessed as diacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compound on2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438728Inhibition of human microsomal CYP2C9 at 10 uM after 10 mins by single quad LC/MS analysis2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438753Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse plasma assessed as monoacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test compound2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438719Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse plasma assessed as glucuronide conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test compound on d2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438710Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse plasma assessed as loss of C2 carboxyl during fragmentation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test comp2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438754Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse muscle assessed as monoacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test compound2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438713Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse liver assessed as loss of C2 carboxyl during fragmentation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test compo2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438746Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse muscle assessed as oxidative metabolites formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compound on day2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438736Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse adipose assessed as glycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compound on day 42017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438704Volume of distribution in mouse at 1 mg/kg, iv2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438701Initial plasma concentration in mouse at 6 mg/kg, iv2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438699Half life in mouse at 1 mg/kg, iv2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438761Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse plasma assessed as oxidative metabolites formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test compound on d2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438781Effect on insulin content in KCl-stimulated mouse pancreatic islet at 200 uM incubated for 24 hrs followed by KCl stimulation for 20 mins by HTRF assay2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438741Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse plasma assessed as diacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compound on 2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438774Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse muscle assessed as diacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylateand test compound on day2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438717Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse liver assessed as loss of C2 carboxyl during fragmentation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylate and test compound 2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438705Volume of distribution in mouse at 3 mg/kg, iv2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438731Suppression of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse pancreatic islet at 200 uM incubated for 24 hrs followed by glucose stimulation for 20 mins by HTRF assay2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438762Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse muscle assessed as oxidative metabolites formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test compound on d2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438757Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse plasma assessed as diacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test compound o2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438750Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse muscle assessed as glycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test compound on day 2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438712Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse muscle assessed as loss of C2 carboxyl during fragmentation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test comp2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438716Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse muscle assessed as loss of C2 carboxyl during fragmentation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylate and test compound2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438766Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse muscle assessed as glycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylateand test compound on day 4 and2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438764Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse adipose assessed as oxidative metabolites formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test compound on 2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438725Inhibition of human microsomal CYP3A4 at 10 uM after 3 mins by single quad LC/MS analysis2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438738Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse muscle assessed as monoacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compound o2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438730Suppression of high glucose stimulated insulin secretion in mouse pancreatic islets at 200 uM treated for 24 hrs followed by glucose stimulation for 20 mins by HTRF assay relative to control2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID679631TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Oat3-expressing HEK293 cells2004Kidney international, Jan, Volume: 65, Issue:1
Characterization of uremic toxin transport by organic anion transporters in the kidney.
AID1438718Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse plasma assessed as glucuronide conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylate and test compound on day 42017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438720Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse plasma assessed as glucuronide conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compound on day2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438755Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse liver assessed as monoacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test compound 2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438775Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse liver assessed as diacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylateand test compound on day 2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438756Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse adipose assessed as monoacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test compoun2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438706Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse plasma assessed as loss of C2 carboxyl during fragmentation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-(1-propyl-1-13C)furan-3-carboxylic Acid and test compou2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438751Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse liver assessed as glycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-(Carboxy-13C)ethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic-2-13C Acid and test compound on day 42017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438780Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse adipose assessed as oxidative metabolites formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylateand test compound on day 42017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438703Clearance in mouse at 3 mg/kg, iv2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438769Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse plasma assessed as monoacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylateand test compound on d2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438698Initial plasma concentration in mouse at 3 mg/kg, iv2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438776Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse adipose assessed as diacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylateand test compound on da2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438696AUC in mouse at 3 mg/kg, iv2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
AID1438771Drug metabolism in CD1 mouse liver assessed as monoacylglycerol conjugate formation at 6 mg/kg, ip dosed once daily for 3 days followed by dosing of 1:1 mixtures of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propyl-(3-13C-furan)-3-13Ccarboxylateand test compound on da2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 03-09, Volume: 60, Issue:5
Synthesis and Characterization of Urofuranoic Acids: In Vivo Metabolism of 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic Acid (CMPF) and Effects on in Vitro Insulin Secretion.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (97)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199016 (16.49)18.7374
1990's27 (27.84)18.2507
2000's16 (16.49)29.6817
2010's30 (30.93)24.3611
2020's8 (8.25)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 19.31

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index19.31 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.67 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.91 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index15.26 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (19.31)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials6 (6.00%)5.53%
Reviews5 (5.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational1 (1.00%)0.25%
Other88 (88.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
dinitrochlorobenzene
Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.		1.9710C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes		allergen;
epitope;
sensitiser
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.		2.0110monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		fungal metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.		2.0110monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
plant metabolite
beta-alanine
[no description available]		2.1510amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		agonist;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
inhibitor;
neurotransmitter
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		1.9710monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
hippuric acid
hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.		14.57241N-acylglycinehuman blood serum metabolite;
uremic toxin
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine
N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine		2.1310alpha-amino acid
glycine
[no description available]		1.9710alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		2.1310alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
indoleacetic acid
indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.		5.35130indole-3-acetic acids;
monocarboxylic acid		auxin;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
sarcosine
cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis		1.9810N-alkylglycine zwitterion;
N-alkylglycine;
N-methyl-amino acid;
N-methylglycines		Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
glycine transporter 1 inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		4.1630uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		4.3640isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenytoin
[no description available]		2.6630imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
p-aminohippuric acid
p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.		2.9140N-acylglycineDaphnia magna metabolite
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		1.9810benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
bucolome
bucolome: was heading 1978-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1978-90); was PARAMIDINE see under BARBITURATES 1975-77; use BARBITURATES to search BUCOLOME 1978-94 & PARAMIDINE 1975-77; proposed anti-inflammatory agent with possible analgesic properties		3.4311barbiturates
4-cresol
4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals.		4.5440cresolEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
uremic toxin
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		3.43111,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diflunisal
Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.		1.9810monohydroxybenzoic acid;
organofluorine compound		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		3.7921chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		2.1510benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.		210pyrazolidinesantirheumatic drug;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		2.420benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		2.9402-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		2.021017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		2.0210penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		2.67302-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		2.4120erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		2.1310arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
bromcresol purple
Bromcresol Purple: An indicator and reagent. It has been used for several purposes including the determination of serum albumin concentrations. bromocresol purple : A member of the class of 2,1-benzoxathioles that is 2,1-benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl groups. A hydrophilic dye that is used as a pH indicator and to measure serum albumin concentrations.		1.97102,1-benzoxathiole;
arenesulfonate ester;
organobromine compound;
polyphenol;
sultone		acid-base indicator;
dye;
two-colour indicator
indican
indoxyl sulfate : An aryl sulfate that is indoxyl in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is substituted by a sulfo group.		3.6230aryl sulfate;
indoles		human metabolite
indoxyl acetate
[no description available]		2.4220indoles
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		3.3620cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		2.5420alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
hypochlorous acid
Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.		1.9810chlorine oxoacid;
reactive oxygen species		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
iodine
[no description available]		1.9810halide anion;
monoatomic iodine		human metabolite
indoxyl
3-hydroxyindole: inhibits amyloid fibril formation; structure in first source		1.9810heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
hydroxyindoles
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		2.110delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		2.51203-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
fenclofenac
fenclofenac: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9810aromatic ether
coproporphyrin i
coproporphyrin I: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants; see also record for coproporphyrin III; zinc coproporphyrin I is fluorescent and a characteristic component of meconium		2.6920
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		4.0220amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dihydrorhodamine 123
dihydrorhodamine 123: uncharged & nonfluorescent derivative of the laser dye rhodamine 123; flow cytometric indicator for respiratory burst activity in neutrophil granulocytes		2.1510
stachydrine
stachydrine: RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt (S)-isomer; structure. L-proline betaine : An amino acid betaine that is L-proline zwitterion in which both of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups.		2.3110alkaloid;
amino-acid betaine;
N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid		food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
plant metabolite
dansylsarcosine
[no description available]		1.9810
n,n-dimethylarginine
N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.		2.1310dimethylarginine;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		2.5920amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
indican
[no description available]		9.66261beta-D-glucoside;
exopolysaccharide;
indolyl carbohydrate
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		2.730octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		5.0342icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		2.6102-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
2-hydroxycinnamic acid
trans-2-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 2-coumaric acid.. 2-coumaric acid : A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-2 of the phenyl ring.		2.01102-coumaric acid;
phenols		antioxidant;
metabolite
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		2.0410cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
estrone sulfate
estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.021017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-cresol sulfate
p-cresol sulfate : An aryl sulfate that is p-cresol in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a sulfo group.		5.4840aryl sulfategut flora metabolite;
human metabolite;
uremic toxin
bilirubin
[no description available]		2.6930biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
linoleic acid
Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.		2.1310octadecadienoic acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
plant metabolite
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		2.5920carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
docosapentaenoic acid
docosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C22 fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosapentaenoic acid : The all-cis-isomer of a C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five double bonds in the 7-, 10-, 13-, 16- and 19-positions.		3.6411docosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
human metabolite
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		2.6630monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		4.2941benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
lysophosphatidylinositol
[no description available]		2.1310
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		07.1182
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		07.1182
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.		09.04480
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		02.4520
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		02.4520
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		03.0540
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		03.0540
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		02.3110
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		02.3110
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		02.1510
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		02.1510
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
[description not available]		02.5420
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		04.9171
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		04.9171
Glucose Intolerance
A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.		02.5420
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		03.0840
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational
[description not available]		02.5520
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		03.0840
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		02.5520
Diabetes, Gestational
Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.		02.5520
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		02.5920
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		02.5920
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.2110
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		02.2110
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		02.2110
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		04.9540
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		05.8522
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		05.8522
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		02.1310
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.1310
Prediabetes
[description not available]		02.8230
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		02.4320
Prediabetic State
The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		02.8230
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.1310
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.1310
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		02.1310
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		02.4220
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		02.4220
Diseases in Twins
Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.		02.1710
Pain, Chronic
[description not available]		02.1710
Lassitude
[description not available]		02.1710
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		02.1710
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		02.1710
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		02.1710
Chronic Pain
Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.		02.1710
Musculoskeletal Pain
Discomfort stemming from muscles, LIGAMENTS, tendons, and bones.		02.1710
Rhabdomyosarcoma
A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)		02.110
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		02.0810
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		02.6730
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		03.3711
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		03.3711