Page last updated: 2024-12-06

metribuzin

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Metribuzin is a widely used herbicide that belongs to the triazine class. It is a selective herbicide that inhibits photosynthesis in plants, particularly in broadleaf weeds. Metribuzin is typically applied pre-emergence, preventing weed seeds from germinating and emerging from the soil. It is commonly used on crops such as soybeans, cotton, and wheat. Metribuzin has been shown to have significant effects on plant growth and development. It inhibits the photosynthetic process by blocking the electron transport chain in photosystem II. This leads to a disruption in the production of energy and essential nutrients, ultimately resulting in weed death. Metribuzin is studied to understand its mechanisms of action, its environmental fate, and its potential impacts on non-target organisms. Research focuses on developing more selective formulations, optimizing application techniques, and exploring alternative weed control strategies to minimize environmental risks. '

metribuzin : A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 4, tert-butyl group at position 6 and a methylsulfanyl group at position 3. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID30479
CHEMBL ID1902519
CHEBI ID34846
SCHEMBL ID66824
MeSH IDM0053765

Synonyms (122)

Synonym
HMS1582I20
BIDD:ER0414
4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-methylsulfanyl-4h-[1,2,4]triazin-5-one
as-triazin-5(4h)-one, 4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-
1,2,4-triazin-5(4h)-one, 4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-
OPREA1_806124
OPREA1_252886
21087-64-9
metribuzin
ntn 70
4-amino-6-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5-one
senkor
epa pesticide chemical code 101101
metribuzin [bsi:iso]
metribuzine
bayer 6443h
sencor 4f
bayer 94337
lexone 4l
4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5(4h)-one
zenkor
sencor df
dic 1468
lexone df
4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5-one
metribuzine [iso-french]
bay 94337
caswell no. 033d
lexone
4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4h)-one
4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4h)-one
bayer 6159h
hsdb 6844
sencorex
bay dic 1468
3-methylthio-4-amino-6-tert-butyl-1,2,4-triazin-5-one
bay 61597
einecs 244-209-7
brn 0746650
1,2,4-triazin-5-one, 4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-
sencor
NCGC00163856-01
4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4h)-one
NCGC00163856-02
AKOS000116775
4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4h)-one
STK830450
F0111-0053
inchi=1/c8h14n4os/c1-8(2,3)5-6(13)12(9)7(14-4)11-10-5/h9h2,1-4h3
foxfzruhnhczpx-uhfffaoysa-
4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-methylsulfanyl-1,2,4-triazin-5-one
NCGC00163856-04
NCGC00163856-03
dtxcid404204
tox21_300731
NCGC00254637-01
cas-21087-64-9
NCGC00259555-01
tox21_202006
dtxsid6024204 ,
A815132
4-azanyl-6-tert-butyl-3-methylsulfanyl-1,2,4-triazin-5-one
c8h14n4os
sencorex l.f.
qo836138ov ,
5-26-06-00432 (beilstein handbook reference)
unii-qo836138ov
FT-0638091
metribuzin [hsdb]
metribuzin [mi]
sencoral
metribuzin [iso]
4-amino-6-(tert-butyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4h)-one
SCHEMBL66824
BBL028065
CHEMBL1902519
chebi:34846 ,
4-amino-6-tert.-butyl-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5-one
6-tert.-butyl-3-methylthio-4-amino-1,2,4-triazin-5(4h)-one
4-amino-6-tert.-butyl-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5(4h)-one
4-amino-6-t-butyl-3-methylmercapto-1,2,4-triazin-5-one
3-methylthio-4-amino-6-tert.-butyl-1,2,4-triazin-5(4h)-one
4-amino-6-tert.-butyl-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5-(4h)-one
4-amino-6-t-butyl-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5-one
4-amino-6-(t-butyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazine-5(4h)-one
cambridge id 5373044
sencor 75df
canopy (salt/mix)
bay 6159
segal (salt/mix)
triazin-5(4h)-one, 4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-
bay 6159 h
sencorlpreview (salt/mix)
bayer 6159
sencorer
salute (salt/mix)
4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4h)-one #
sencor 4l
lexone 75df
4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-methylthio-as-triazin-5-one
sr-01000393620
SR-01000393620-1
GS-3125
4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-5-one
metribuzin, pestanal(r), analytical standard
mfcd00055525
metribuzin, analytical standard
Z56755860
metribuzin 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile
metribuzin 10 microg/ml in acetonitrile
metribuzin 10 microg/ml in cyclohexane
J-013834
M3383
Q421450
HY-116954
EN300-03840
CS-0066904
H10483
bay61597
bay-61597
metribuzin 500 microg/ml in acetone
metribuzin 200 microg/ml in methanol

Research Excerpts

Overview

Metribuzin (MB) is a triazinone herbicide used for the eradication of weeds in agriculture. It is a photosystem II inhibiting herbicide that provides broad spectrum weed control. However it causes excessive injury in lentil.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Metribuzin (MTZ) is an important herbicide widely used in fields and represents a big threat to the environment and health. "( Application of molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for trace analysis of Metribuzin herbicide in food samples.
Abd El-Moghny, MG; Atef Abdel Fatah, M; El-Deab, MS; Mohamed El Nashar, R, 2023
)
2.58
"Metribuzin (MB) is a triazinone herbicide used for the eradication of weeds in agriculture. "( Immobilization of metribuzin degrading bacterial consortium MB3R on biochar enhances bioremediation of potato vegetated soil and restores bacterial community structure.
Anwar, S; Arslan, M; Iqbal, S; Mueller, JA; Wahla, AQ, 2020
)
2.33
"Metribuzin is a herbicide that inhibits photosynthesis and has been used for over 40 years. "( Metribuzin-induced non-adverse liver changes result in rodent-specific non-adverse thyroid effects via uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT, UGT) modulation.
Bomann, W; Jenkinson, P; Kluxen, FM; Tinwell, H, 2021
)
3.51
"Metribuzin is a versatile herbicide for broad-spectrum weed management."( Comparative transcriptome analyses for metribuzin tolerance provide insights into key genes and mechanisms restoring photosynthetic efficiency in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
Bhoite, R; Si, P; Siddique, KHM; Yan, G, 2021
)
1.61
"Metribuzin is a photosystem II inhibiting herbicide that provides broad spectrum weed control, however it causes excessive injury in lentil."( Induced novel psbA mutation (Ala
Bett, KE; Mao, D; McMurray, LS; Paull, JG; Preston, C; Vandenberg, A, 2019
)
1.24
"Metribuzin is a widely used herbicide, and worldwide is one of the most important contaminants in ground and surface waters. "( Sorption, leaching and persistence of metribuzin in Mediterranean soils amended with olive mill waste of different degrees of organic matter maturity.
Albarrán, A; Becerra, D; López-Piñeiro, A; Peña, D; Sánchez-Llerena, J, 2013
)
2.1
"Metribuzin is an herbicide widely used for weed control that has been identified as a groundwater pollutant. "( Novel system for reducing leaching of the herbicide metribuzin using clay-gel-based formulations.
Maqueda, C; Morillo, E; Sopeña, F; Undabeytia, T; Villaverde, J, 2008
)
2.04
"Metribuzin (MTB) is a herbicide widely used for weed control in growing soybeans and other crops and has been identified in many parts of the world as a groundwater contaminant. "( Effects of soil characteristics on metribuzin dissipation using clay-gel-based formulations.
Maqueda, C; Morillo, E; Sopeña, F; Undabeytia, T; Villaverde, J, 2009
)
2.07
"Metribuzin is a widely used herbicide that has been identified as a groundwater contaminant. "( Reduced metribuzin pollution with phosphatidylcholine-clay formulations.
Gómez-Pantoja, E; Maqueda, C; Morillo, E; Recio, E; Sánchez-Verdejo, T; Undabeytia, T, 2011
)
2.25
"Metribuzin is a widely used herbicide around the world but it could lead to soil and water contamination. "( Factors affecting metribuzin retention in Algerian soils and assessment of the risks of contamination.
Barriuso, E; Mayata, Y; Moussaoui, KM; Oukali-Haouchine, O, 2013
)
2.17
"Metribuzin is a triazinone herbicide that is widely used for the control of grasses and broad-leaved weeds in soybeans, sugarcane, and numerous other crops. "( Fate and effects of the triazinone herbicide metribuzin in experimental pond mesocosms.
Fairchild, JF; Sappington, LC, 2002
)
2.02

Treatment

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"In metribuzin treated groups, the activity of GST was increased (p<0.05) in all experimental groups, with the highest at the concentration of 32 mg/L."( Oxidative stress parameters in early developmental stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after subchronic exposure to terbuthylazine and metribuzin.
Blahova, J; Hostovsky, M; Marsalek, P; Plhalova, L; Praskova, E; Stepanova, S; Svobodova, Z, 2012
)
1.09

Toxicity

The findings demonstrated that metribuzin and tebuconazole are both potentially toxic to earthworms. Arabidopsis thaliana glutathione reductase 2 (AtGR2) was employed as the biomarker to evaluate the adverse impacts on plants.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" At typical field application rates, the chemical regime associated with potato production does not appear to have any detrimental impacts on turtle egg development, except for the use of the soil fumigant metam sodium, which is highly toxic to turtle eggs at the lowest recommended application rate."( Toxicity of pesticides associated with potato production, including soil fumigants, to snapping turtle eggs (Chelydra serpentina).
de Solla, SR; Martin, PA; Palonen, KE, 2014
)
0.4
" Some are highly toxic to algae, including antifoulants, herbicides, and fungicides."( Mixture toxicity of five biocides with dissimilar modes of action on the growth and photosystem II efficiency of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
de Almeida, ACG; Langford, K; Petersen, K; Thomas, KV; Tollefsen, KE, 2017
)
0.46
" The findings demonstrated that metribuzin and tebuconazole are both potentially toxic to earthworms."( Potential neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenicity induced by metribuzin and tebuconazole exposure in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) revealed by transcriptome analysis.
Li, D; Li, G; Liu, X; Rao, H, 2022
)
1.24
" Here, Arabidopsis thaliana glutathione reductase 2 (AtGR2) was employed as the biomarker to evaluate the adverse impacts of metribuzin on plants."( Scrutinizing the interaction between metribuzin with glutathione reductase 2 from Arabidopsis thaliana: insight into the molecular toxicity in agriculture.
Hou, X; Xiang, D; Yang, S; Zhu, L, 2023
)
1.39

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Bioavailability of bound atrazine from the shoots of canola in both varieties was very low."( Bioavailability in rats of bound pesticide residues from tolerant or susceptible varieties of soybean and canola treated with metribuzin or atrazine.
Kacew, S; Khan, SU; Mathew, R, 1998
)
0.51

Dosage Studied

Chuan Mai 25 (tolerant) and Ritchie (susceptible) were contrasting genotypes to metribuzin stress. Dose-response studies revealed a higher level of resistance in the resistant (R) compared to the susceptible (S) population.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Whole-plant herbicide dose-response experiments revealed that, relative to the UniS population, atrazine resistances in the UniR and SegR populations were > 770-fold and 16-fold, respectively."( Triazine resistance in Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq) Sauer that is not site-of-action mediated.
Dixon, BS; Patzoldt, WL; Tranel, PJ, 2003
)
0.32
" Herbicide dose-response studies confirmed that the population with the Ser264-Gly mutation exhibited high-level resistance to atrazine, but super-sensitivity to bromoxynil."( A novel psbA mutation (Phe274-Val) confers resistance to PSII herbicides in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum).
Han, H; Lu, H; Owen, MJ; Powles, SB; Yu, Q, 2019
)
0.51
" Dose-response studies revealed a higher level of resistance to metribuzin in the resistant (R) compared to the susceptible (S) population."( Metribuzin Resistance in a Wild Radish ( Raphanus raphanistrum) Population via Both psbA Gene Mutation and Enhanced Metabolism.
Han, H; Lu, H; Owen, MJ; Powles, SB; Yu, Q, 2019
)
2.2
" We identified Chuan Mai 25 (tolerant) and Ritchie (susceptible) as contrasting genotypes to metribuzin stress through dose-response analyses."( Comparative transcriptome analyses for metribuzin tolerance provide insights into key genes and mechanisms restoring photosynthetic efficiency in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
Bhoite, R; Si, P; Siddique, KHM; Yan, G, 2021
)
1.11
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (4)

RoleDescription
xenobioticA xenobiotic (Greek, xenos "foreign"; bios "life") is a compound that is foreign to a living organism. Principal xenobiotics include: drugs, carcinogens and various compounds that have been introduced into the environment by artificial means.
environmental contaminantAny minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects.
herbicideA substance used to destroy plant pests.
agrochemicalAn agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (3)

ClassDescription
1,2,4-triazinesAny compound with a 1,2,4-triazine skeleton, in which nitrogen atoms replace carbon at positions 1, 2 and 4 of the core benzene ring structure.
organic sulfideCompounds having the structure RSR (R =/= H). Such compounds were once called thioethers.
cyclic ketone
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (3)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency30.32660.000657.913322,387.1992AID1259377
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.000817.505159.3239AID588544
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency70.79460.005428.02631,258.9301AID720659
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (9)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1091692Herbicidal activity against Raphanus sativus var.Japanese White (radish) assessed as inhibition of seed germination at 50 ppm at 25 degC measured after 5 days2009Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 57, Issue:8
Synthesis and structure--activity relationships of substituted cinnamic acids and amide analogues: a new class of herbicides.
AID1091691Herbicidal activity against Raphanus sativus var.Japanese White (radish) assessed as inhibition of seed germination at 100 ppm at 25 degC measured after 5 days2009Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 57, Issue:8
Synthesis and structure--activity relationships of substituted cinnamic acids and amide analogues: a new class of herbicides.
AID1091690Herbicidal activity against Raphanus sativus var.Japanese White (radish) assessed as inhibition of seed germination at 200 ppm at 25 degC measured after 5 days2009Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-22, Volume: 57, Issue:8
Synthesis and structure--activity relationships of substituted cinnamic acids and amide analogues: a new class of herbicides.
AID588519A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities2011Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3
High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID540299A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21
Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).2014Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
AID1159537qHTS screening for TAG (triacylglycerol) accumulators in algae2017Plant physiology, Aug, Volume: 174, Issue:4
Identification and Metabolite Profiling of Chemical Activators of Lipid Accumulation in Green Algae.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (164)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199011 (6.71)18.7374
1990's19 (11.59)18.2507
2000's55 (33.54)29.6817
2010's57 (34.76)24.3611
2020's22 (13.41)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 43.34

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index43.34 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.18 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.93 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index103.32 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index3.14 (0.95)

This Compound (43.34)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews2 (1.14%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other174 (98.86%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]