Fluorophosphates are a class of chemical compounds containing both fluorine and phosphate groups. They are commonly found in various applications, including:
- **Inorganic Chemistry:** Fluorophosphates serve as precursors in the synthesis of other inorganic materials like metal fluorides. They can also act as ligands in coordination chemistry, forming complex compounds with transition metals.
- **Biochemistry:** Fluorophosphates have been investigated for their potential biological activity. Some studies suggest that fluorophosphates can inhibit certain enzymes by binding to active sites. They have also been explored as potential antiviral agents.
- **Materials Science:** Fluorophosphates are used in the production of glasses and ceramics, where they contribute to improved properties like durability and resistance to chemical attack.
- **Environmental Science:** Fluorophosphates can be found in various environmental compartments, including water and soil. They are often a result of industrial activities and can impact ecosystem health.
- **Pharmaceuticals:** Some fluorophosphates have been investigated as potential therapeutic agents for various conditions, including cancer. Their ability to interact with biological systems and enzymes makes them attractive candidates for drug development.
The specific synthesis, effects, and importance of a particular fluorophosphate compound depend heavily on its structure and composition. Therefore, a more detailed analysis would require specifying the exact fluorophosphate in question.'
fluorophosphate: inhibits Phosphorylas phosphatase irreversibly; RN given refers to parent cpd [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 65241 |
| CHEBI ID | 42699 |
| MeSH ID | M0060392 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| fluoro-phosphite ion |
| fluoridotrioxidophosphate(2-) |
| fluorophosphate |
| [pfo3](2-) |
| 15181-43-8 |
| fluoridophosphate |
| CHEBI:42699 , |
| phosphorofluoridate |
| monofluorophosphate ion |
| DB02348 |
| monofluorophostae (po3f2-) |
| fluorophosphate ion (pfo32-) |
| fluorotrioxophosphate(2-) |
| fluorophosphate (fpo32-) |
| monofluorophosphate(2-) |
| unii-4964uz79mi |
| 4964uz79mi , |
| AB01563168_01 |
| AB01563168_02 |
| DTXSID90164882 |
| Q21099556 |
| fluoro-dioxido-oxo-lambda5-phosphane |
| (pfo3)(2-) |
Male and female Drosophila melanogaster with special sex chromosome or special autosome constitutions were fed with the mutagenic chemicals Trenimon (2,3,5-trisethyleneimino-1,4-benzoquinone) and PDMT. The toxic substance Na2PO3F (sodium monofluorophosphate) was administered intragastrically.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "The pharmacokinetic profiles of a sustained-release monofluorophosphate (MFP-SR) preparation (76 mg) and of plain MFP (76 mg) were compared in six osteoporotic females." | ( Pharmacokinetic profile of a new fluoride preparation: sustained-release monofluorophosphate. Baylink, D; Bettica, P; Farley, S; Libanati, C; Resch, H; Tabuenca, M; Talbot, J; Tritthart, W, 1994) | 0.76 |
| " The two products were found bioequivalent with regard to the release of fluoride, both on the basis of the AUC and Cmax of fluoride in plasma and of the urinary excretion of fluoride during the 48 h following the administration." | ( Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of fluoride from two glutamine monofluorophosphate preparations. Setnikar, I; Warneke, G, 1993) | 0.52 |
| " The various pharmacokinetic parameters measured were not related to changes in LS BMD; however, there was an inverse relationship between trough fluoride concentration during long-term dosing and change in FN BMD." | ( Fluoride pharmacokinetics and changes in lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density. Chan, JK; Hosking, DJ; Patel, S, 1996) | 0.29 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " We thus performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study to prospectively investigate the effect of a low dose of fluoride, in combination with HRT, on BMD and biochemical markers of bone turnover." | ( Monofluorophosphate combined with hormone replacement therapy induces a synergistic effect on bone mass by dissociating bone formation and resorption in postmenopausal women: a randomized study. Alexandersen, P; Christiansen, C; Riis, BJ, 1999) | 0.86 |
| "A 3-year, open-label, monocenter study was performed on 60 patients with postmenopausal established osteoporosis treated with monofluorophosphate and calcium supplement (MFP/Ca) combined with hormone replacement therapy (HRT)." | ( Monofluorophosphate combined with hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis. An open-label pilot efficacy and safety study. Ringe, JD; Setnikar, I, 2002) | 1.08 |
| "To test if a novel dual-phase gel system (calcium silicate and phosphate with 1450 ppmF, as NaF/MFP; TG) combined with a toothpaste (calcium silicate and sodium phosphate with 1450 ppmF, as MFP; TG) was able to re-harden previously acid-challenged enamel to a greater extent than other toothpastes." | ( Remineralisation effect of a dual-phase calcium silicate/phosphate gel combined with calcium silicate/phosphate toothpaste on acid-challenged enamel in situ. Gupta, AK; Joiner, A; Naeeni, MM; Schäfer, F; Zero, DT, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "It is concluded that the test regimen based on the novel dual-phase gel system combined with toothpaste was able to re-harden acid-challenged tooth enamel to a greater extent than a normal fluoride toothpaste." | ( Remineralisation effect of a dual-phase calcium silicate/phosphate gel combined with calcium silicate/phosphate toothpaste on acid-challenged enamel in situ. Gupta, AK; Joiner, A; Naeeni, MM; Schäfer, F; Zero, DT, 2014) | 0.4 |
This paper reports a reassessment of the bioavailability of fluoride from monofluorophosphate (MFP, CAS 10163-15-2) Bioavailability of F from four dentifrices with either aminefluoride (AMF) or monof Luphosphate was compared with that of NaF.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "The aims of this work were (a) to assess the oral bioavailability of fluoride delivered from dentifrices and (b) to test for a possible link between the results and clinical data obtained with the same dentifrices." | ( Oral fluoride measurements for estimation of the anti-caries efficacy of fluoride treatments. Duckworth, RM; Gilbert, RJ; Morgan, SN, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " The bioavailability of fluorine was evaluated on the basis of the plasma levels and of the urinary excretion of fluoride." | ( Bioequivalence of sodium monofluorophosphate with sodium fluoride and compatibility with calcium. Maurer, H; Setnikar, I, 1990) | 0.57 |
| "003), suggesting that this difference in efficacy and tolerance is related to a better bioavailability of fluoride provided by MFP than by NaF." | ( Treatment of vertebral osteoporosis with disodium monofluorophosphate: comparison with sodium fluoride. Chapuy, MC; Delmas, PD; Duboeuf, F; Dupuis, J; Meunier, PJ, 1990) | 0.53 |
| " The bioavailability was evaluated on the basis of the plasma levels and of the urinary excretion of fluoride." | ( Relative bioavailability of fluoride from monofluorophosphate tablets after single oral administration. Maurer, H; Setnikar, I, 1990) | 0.54 |
| " The fluoride bioavailability from two preparations is identical with an areas under the curve corresponding to 61." | ( [Comparison of the fluoride bioavailability from two oral preparations of monofluorophosphate disodium in combination with various calcium salts]. Bellony, R; Brazier, M; Desmet, G; Fardelonne, P; Hary, L; Richard, MO; Sebert, JL, ) | 0.36 |
| "The aim of the present work was to study the usefulness of disodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) as a milk-fluoridating agent by measuring the bioavailability of F from MFP in milk relative to that of F from NaF in water." | ( Fluoride bioavailability from disodium monofluorophosphate fluoridated milk in children and rats. Cisternas, P; Guerrero, S; Monckeberg, F; Villa, A, 1989) | 0.77 |
| " Bioavailability of F from four dentifrices with either aminefluoride (AMF) or monofluorophosphate (MFP) was compared with that of NaF." | ( Human plasma fluoride levels following intake of dentifrices containing aminefluoride or monofluorophosphate. Einwag, J; Trautner, K, 1988) | 0.72 |
| " In conclusion, the sustained-release preparations of MFP led to a decrease of fluoride bioavailability and avoided high peak serum concentrations." | ( A comparative bioavailability study on two new sustained-release formulations of disodiummonofluorophosphate versus a nonsustained-release formulation in healthy volunteers. Erlacher, L; Magometschnigg, D; Templ, H, 1995) | 0.51 |
| " The bioavailability in dogs was only 60%." | ( A biopharmaceutic approach in designing a controlled release tablet of sodium monofluorophosphate: 1. In vitro and in vivo studies in beagle dogs. Ritschel, WA; Vattikonda, CS, 1994) | 0.51 |
| " These included fluoride bioavailability tests, enamel lesion de- and remineralisation studies ('pH-cycling') and in situ caries studies." | ( The caries preventive effect of a fluoride dentifrice containing Triclosan and zinc citrate, a compilation of in vitro and in situ studies. ten Cate, JM, 1993) | 0.29 |
| "A two-way cross-over study was conducted on 12 Caucasian male healthy volunteers aged between 25 and 38 years in order to determine the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of fluoride after single oral administration in fasting conditions of two products (tablets and powder for oral use) of L-glutamine monofluorophosphate (G-MFP, CAS 116420-36-1)." | ( Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of fluoride from two glutamine monofluorophosphate preparations. Setnikar, I; Warneke, G, 1993) | 0.69 |
| "A two-treatment cross-over study was conducted on 8 Caucasian male healthy volunteers aged between 26 and 32 years in order to determine the influence of a standard meal on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of fluoride after a single oral administration of tablets containing the equivalent of 10 mg fluoride as sodium monofluorophosphate (Na-MFP, CAS 10163-15-2) in a fixed combination with 300 mg Ca as calcium gluconate and calcium citrate." | ( Effects of meal on the pharmacokinetics of fluoride from oral monofluorophosphate. Setnikar, I; Warneke, G, 1993) | 0.7 |
| "This paper reports a reassessment of the bioavailability of fluoride from monofluorophosphate (MFP, CAS 10163-15-2)." | ( Bioavailability of fluoride administered as sodium fluoride or sodium monofluorophosphate to human volunteers. Morosano, M; Puche, RC; Rigalli, A, 1996) | 0.75 |
| "The absolute bioavailability and other pharmacokinetic parameters of two fluoride formulations were investigated in 13 healthy volunteers, aged 61-70 years." | ( Absolute bioavailability of fluoride from disodium monofluorophosphate and enteric-coated sodium fluoride tablets. Duursma, SA; Glerum, JH; van Asten, P; van Dijk, A; van Rijn, HJ; Ververs, FF, 1996) | 0.54 |
| " MFP had significantly higher bioavailability [102." | ( Absolute bioavailability of fluoride from disodium monofluorophosphate and enteric-coated sodium fluoride tablets. Duursma, SA; Glerum, JH; van Asten, P; van Dijk, A; van Rijn, HJ; Ververs, FF, 1996) | 0.54 |
| "The MFP formulation showed higher bioavailability with smaller variation than the NaFor formulation." | ( Absolute bioavailability of fluoride from disodium monofluorophosphate and enteric-coated sodium fluoride tablets. Duursma, SA; Glerum, JH; van Asten, P; van Dijk, A; van Rijn, HJ; Ververs, FF, 1996) | 0.54 |
| "Two studies on the rate and extent of bioavailability of fluoride from a single dose of oral preparations of sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2FPO3) combined with calcium supplement were conducted according to a cross-over design on 18 (Study 1) and 20 (Study 2) male healthy volunteers, respectively." | ( Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic characteristics of two monofluorophosphate preparations with calcium supplement. Barkworth, MF; Rovati, LC; Schmid, K; Setnikar, I; Vens-Cappell, B, 1998) | 0.75 |
| "According to previous pharmacokinetic studies the bioavailability of fluorine (F) from sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) doubles that of sodium fluoride (NaF)." | ( In postmenopausal osteoporosis the bone increasing effect of monofluorophosphate is not dependent on serum fluoride. Bocanera, R; Masoni, A; Morosano, M; Pera, L; Puche, RC; Rigalli, A; Tozzini, R, 1999) | 0.76 |
| " MFP and P-NaF showed greater bioavailability than Neosten and much higher Cmax that exceeded the toxic threshold of Fser (190 ng/ml)." | ( A comparison of fluoride bioavailability from a sustained-release NaF preparation (Neosten) and other fluoride preparations. Gitomer, WL; Pak, CY; Sakhaee, K, 2000) | 0.31 |
| " Although POs-Ca+F gum was not superior in TMR recovery rate when compared with POs-Ca gum, WAXRD results highlighted the importance of fluoride ion bioavailability in the formation of HAp crystallites in enamel subsurface lesions in situ (NCT01377493)." | ( Effects of a chewing gum containing phosphoryl oligosaccharides of calcium (POs-Ca) and fluoride on remineralization and crystallization of enamel subsurface lesions in situ. Hamba, H; Ikeda, M; Kitasako, Y; Sadr, A; Tagami, J; Tanaka, M, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " This is hypothetically attributed to the action of a partial barrier to fluoride transfer from blood to milk in lactating females and a low bioavailability of fluoride ingested together with milk." | ( Reconstructing temporal variation of fluoride uptake in eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) from a high-fluoride area by analysis of fluoride distribution in dentine. Death, C; Hufschmid, J; Kierdorf, H; Kierdorf, U; Rhede, D, 2016) | 0.43 |
Sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) was compared to that of a benchmark commercial toothpaste containing 2% potassium ion, dosed as 3.0% arginine, calcium carbonate, and 1450 ppm fluoride. The study evaluated the dose-response relationship between four increasing levels of fluoride from 1000 to 2500 ppm F as sodium monoflourophosphate and three-year dental caries increments.
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| phosphoric acid derivative | |
| fluorine molecular entity | |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 801 (60.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 153 (11.46) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 102 (7.64) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 276 (20.67) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 3 (0.22) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (52.47) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 217 (14.94%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 46 (3.17%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 5 (0.34%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 1 (0.07%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 1,183 (81.47%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short Term Clinical Study Investigating the Efficacy of an Occluding Dentifrice in Providing Relief From Dentinal Hypersensitivity [NCT02705716] | 409 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-03-01 | Completed | |||
| A Randomized, 8 Week Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of an Experimental Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice in the Relief of Dentinal Hypersensitivity [NCT03310268] | 185 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-11-18 | Completed | |||
| A Clinical Study Investigating the Gingivitis Efficacy of a Test Dentifrice [NCT04123665] | Phase 3 | 98 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-05-28 | Completed | ||
| A Proof of Principal Study to Investigate the Stain Control of Two Stannous Fluoride Dentifrices [NCT03160703] | 220 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-07-10 | Completed | |||
| A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of an Experimental Occlusion Technology Dentifrice in the Relief of Dentinal Hypersensitivity [NCT02861664] | 135 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-09-21 | Completed | |||
| The Role of Indocyanine Green (ICG) Fluorescence Imaging on Anastomotic Leak and Short-term Outcomes in Robotic Colorectal Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Trial [NCT02598414] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 102 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-11-30 | Recruiting | ||
| A Clinical Study Investigating the Gingivitis Efficacy of a Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice [NCT02750943] | 253 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-11-01 | Completed | |||
| A Clinical Study Investigating the Efficacy of a Dentifrice in Providing Immediate and Short Term Relief From Dentinal Hypersensitivity [NCT03072719] | Phase 3 | 120 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-03-01 | Completed | ||
| A Clinical Study Investigating the Efficacy of an Occluding Dentifrice in Providing Relief From Dentinal Hypersensitivity [NCT02751450] | 263 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-02-01 | Completed | |||
| A Clinical Study Investigating the Efficacy of an Occluding Dentifrice in Providing Relief From Dentinal Hypersensitivity [NCT02832375] | Phase 3 | 242 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-03-01 | Completed | ||
| A Clinical Study Investigating the Gingivitis Efficacy of a Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice in a Chinese Population. [NCT02937636] | 128 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-09-19 | Completed | |||
| A Three-Month Clinical Study to Assess the Gingivitis and Plaque Effects of Various Dentifrices [NCT06140784] | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-09-02 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| A Three-Month Clinical Study to Assess the Gingivitis Effects of Various Dentifrices [NCT06140771] | 115 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-10-20 | Completed | |||
| Evaluation of the Anticaries Efficacy of Various Dentifrice Formulations Using an In-situ Model [NCT06140758] | 12 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-07-31 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Assessment of Dentine Tubule Occlusion in a Modified in Situ Model [NCT02768194] | 26 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-07-06 | Completed | |||
| Clinical Study to Compare Dental Plaque Control [NCT00758394] | Phase 3 | 29 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Comparison of the Clinical Effectiveness of 8% Arginine/1450 Ppm Sodium Monofluorophosphate Versus 5% Potassium Nitrate/2500 Ppm Sodium Fluoride in Dentin Hypersensitivity Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT02829879] | Phase 3 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-12-31 | Recruiting | ||
| Investigation of Dental Plaque and Gingival Index [NCT00759031] | Phase 3 | 19 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-02-29 | Completed | ||
| Total Salivary Fluoride Concentration of Healthy Adult Subjects Following Toothbrushing With Different Formulations of Fluoridated Toothpastes With and Without Post-brushing Water Rinsing. A Double Blinded Randomised Controlled Trial [NCT02740803] | 120 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-04-30 | Completed | |||
| Clinical Evaluation of the Effect of an Experimental Toothpaste on the Reduction of Dental Plaque and Gingival Inflammation [NCT02552589] | 241 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-09-30 | Completed | |||
| Clinical Efficacy of Fluoride Toothpastes Using an in Situ Caries Model [NCT01005966] | Phase 3 | 65 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Assessing Three Oral Care Regimen on Plaque, Gingivitis, and Tooth Whitening [NCT02940821] | 142 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-05-30 | Completed | |||
| Compare Anti-inflammatory Dentifrices [NCT00762528] | Phase 4 | 49 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-02-28 | Completed | ||
| Evaluate Clinical Research From Commerical Oral Care Products [NCT00759187] | Phase 3 | 25 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Short Term Clinical Study Investigating the Efficacy of an Occluding Dentifrice in Providing Relief From Dentinal Hypersensitivity [NCT02773758] | Phase 4 | 143 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-01-01 | Completed | ||
| Assessment of the Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effect of Toothpastes With Different Forms of Fluoride on the Buccal Mucosa [NCT05596149] | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-11-01 | Recruiting | |||
| A Clinical Study Investigating the Efficacy of an Occluding Dentifrice in Providing Relief From Dentinal Hypersensitivity [NCT02731833] | Phase 4 | 229 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-04-01 | Completed | ||
| Firefly ANKLE Sprain Study [NCT02307955] | Phase 2 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Avaliação da Carga do vírus SARS-CoV-2 na Cavidade Oral e na Saliva após desinfecção Com soluções Antimicrobianas Orais e dentifrícios. [NCT04537962] | 202 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-07-14 | Completed | |||
| A Clinical Study Investigating the Efficacy of an Occluding Dentifrice in Providing Relief From Dentinal Hypersensitivity [NCT02612064] | 488 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-11-01 | Completed | |||
| A Clinical Study Investigating the Efficacy of an Occluding Dentifrice in Providing Relief From Dentinal Hypersensitivity [NCT02924350] | 205 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-11-07 | Completed | |||
| A Proof of Concept Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of an Occlusion Based Dentifrice in the Relief of Dentinal Hypersensitivity [NCT01831817] | Phase 2 | 140 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Two Dentifrices for Dentine Hypersensitivity [NCT02371616] | 304 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-09-29 | Completed | |||
| A Clinical Study Investigating the Efficacy of a Dentifrice in Providing Long Term Relief From Dentinal Hypersensitivity [NCT01827670] | Phase 3 | 119 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-02-28 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized Clinical Study to Assess the Effects of Various Dentifrice Technologies on Dentinal Hypersensitivity [NCT03965039] | 120 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-07-08 | Completed | |||
| A Clinical Study Investigating the Efficacy of an Occluding Dentifrice in Providing Relief From Dentinal Hypersensitivity [NCT02923895] | Phase 4 | 197 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-10-11 | Completed | ||
| Detection of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Patients With Endometrial Cancer Undergoing Robotic-Assisted Staging: Comparison of Isosulfan Blue (ISB) and Indocyanine Green Dyes (ICG) With Fluorescence Imaging [NCT02068820] | 200 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-09-30 | Completed | |||
| A Three-Month Bleeding-Model Clinical Study [NCT05916521] | 90 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-11-15 | Completed | |||
| A One-Month Bleeding-Model Clinical Study [NCT05916508] | 90 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-10-19 | Completed | |||
| A Clinical Study Investigating the Efficacy of a Dentifrice in Providing Long Term Relief From Dentinal Hypersensitivity [NCT01592864] | Phase 3 | 120 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Evaluate Inflammation Caused by Gingivitis in Adults [NCT00941668] | Phase 4 | 49 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Phase 2 Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study of IS-002 in Subjects Undergoing Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy Using the da Vinci® Surgical System With Firefly® Fluorescence Imaging [NCT05946603] | Phase 2 | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-06-16 | Recruiting | ||
| A Clinical Study Investigating the Efficacy of a Dentifrice in Providing Short Term Relief From Dentinal Hypersensitivity [NCT01592851] | Phase 3 | 113 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Proof of Concept Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of an Occlusion Based Dentifrice in the Relief of Dentinal Hypersensitivity [NCT01691560] | Phase 2 | 140 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-08-31 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
plaque units measured on a scale between 0 to 5. 0 = No plaque; 5 = 2/3 of Tooth covered in plaque. (NCT00758394)
Timeframe: 4-Day
| Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Fluoride - A | 3.12 |
| Fluoride/Triclosan - B | 2.90 |
| Triclosan/Fluoride/Arginine | 2.92 |
| Triclosan/Fluoride/Cavistat | 2.94 |
Scale 0 to 100% of tooth gingival margin covered by plaque. (0=no plaque, 100%=100% of the tooth's gingival margin is covered in plaque). The lower the score less dental plaque is present along the gum line and therefore the better the performance of the study treatment. (NCT00759031)
Timeframe: 1 day
| Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Fluoride | 15.4 |
| Triclosan + Fluoride | 12.81 |
Scale 0 to 5 (zero= no plaque to 5 = plaque covering 2/3 or more of the crown of the tooth) (NCT00759187)
Timeframe: 4-Day
| Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Fluoride | 2.79 |
| Fluoride/Triclosan | 2.82 |
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate | 1.99 |
Inflammatory biomarker found in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Higher Levels found in GCF may be a factor in tissue destruction as seen in periodontal disease. All GCF samples are collected onto filter paper strips (Pro Flow, Inc.) and the volume determined by Periotron 8000. Samples were placed in cryovial and labelled, then place into liquid nitrogen and stored at -180°C until analysis. (NCT00762528)
Timeframe: 29 days
| Intervention | pg/µl (Log Mean) |
|---|---|
| Total Toothpaste | 2.8 |
| Fluoride Toothpaste | 2.7 |
Receptor activator found in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Presence in GCF may indicate tissue damage as seen in periodontal disease. All GCF samples are collected onto filter paper strips (Pro Flow, Inc.) and the volume determined by Periotron 8000. Samples were placed in cryovial and labelled, then place into liquid nitrogen and stored at -180°C until analysis. (NCT00762528)
Timeframe: 29 days
| Intervention | pg/µl (Log Mean) |
|---|---|
| Total Toothpaste | 4.5 |
| Fluoride Toothpaste | 4.4 |
Inflammatory biomarker found in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Higher Levels found in GCF may be a factor in tissue destruction as seen in periodontal disease. All GCF samples are collected onto filter paper strips (Pro Flow, Inc.) and the volume determined by Periotron 8000. Samples were placed in cryovial and labelled, then place into liquid nitrogen and stored at -180°C until analysis. (NCT00762528)
Timeframe: 29 days
| Intervention | pg/µl (Log Mean) |
|---|---|
| Total Toothpaste | 5.8 |
| Fluoride Toothpaste | 5.2 |
Inflammatory biomarkers found in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) that may be a factor in oral tissue destruction as seen in periodontal disease. All GCF samples are collected onto filter paper strips (Pro Flow, Inc.) and the volume determined by Periotron 8000. Samples were placed in cryovial and labelled, then place into liquid nitrogen and stored at -180°C until analysis. (NCT00762528)
Timeframe: 29 days
| Intervention | pg/µl (Log Mean) |
|---|---|
| Total Toothpaste | 6.9 |
| Fluoride Toothpaste | 6.6 |
"Gingival Index(GI)recorded on scale of 0-3 detailed below:~0=normal gingiva, 1=Mild inflammation(slight change in color, slight edema)no bleeding on palpation,2=Moderate inflammation(redness,edema,glazing)bleeding upon probing, 3=Severe inflammation(marked redness,edema)ulceration & tendency to spontaneously bleed" (NCT00762528)
Timeframe: 29 days
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Total Toothpaste | 1.04 |
| Fluoride Toothpaste | 1.01 |
measurement of supragingival dental plaque on scale of 0-3. 0=No plaque in gingival area,1=a film of plaque adhering to the free gingival margin and the adjacent tooth,2=Moderate accumulation of soft deposits within the gingival pocket and on the gingival margin and/or adjacent tooth-visible by the naked eye, 3=Abundance of soft matter within the gingival pocket and/or gingival margin and adjacent tooth surfaces. (NCT00762528)
Timeframe: 29 days
| Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Total Toothpaste | 1.69 |
| Fluoride Toothpaste | 1.65 |
Presence or absence of bleeding to manual probing as a dichotomous variable as follows: 0 = No bleeding within 10 seconds after probing, 1 = Bleeding within 10 seconds after probing. (NCT00762528)
Timeframe: 29 days
| Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Total Toothpaste | 0.24 |
| Fluoride Toothpaste | 0.26 |
Inflammatory biomarker found in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Presence in GCF may indicate tissue damage as seen in periodontal disease. All GCF samples are collected onto filter paper strips (Pro Flow, Inc.) and the volume determined by Periotron 8000. Samples were placed in cryovial and labelled, then place into liquid nitrogen and stored at -180°C until analysis. (NCT00762528)
Timeframe: 29 days
| Intervention | pg/µl (Log Mean) |
|---|---|
| Total Toothpaste | 14.2 |
| Fluoride Toothpaste | 15.2 |
Levels of Gingival crevicular fluid Interleukin - 6 (GCF IL-6) (weight in micrograms) (NCT00941668)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
| Intervention | Micrograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Total Toothpaste (Active) | 12.8 |
| Colgate Cavity Protection (Placebo) | 21.3 |
Levels of Gingival crevicular fluid Interleukin - 1 (GCF IL-1)(weight in micrograms) (NCT00941668)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
| Intervention | Micrograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Total Toothpaste (Active) | 492.2 |
| Colgate Cavity Protection (Placebo) | 326.3 |
SMH test was used to assess the changes in mineralization status of enamel specimens using a Wilson 2100 Hardness tester. SMH was determined by measuring the length of the indentations of enamel specimens. An increase in the indentation length compared to the baseline indicates softening while decrease in the indentation length represents rehardening of enamel surface. Differences in percent SMH recovery due to study and reference toothpastes were calculated. (NCT01005966)
Timeframe: Baseline to 14 days
| Intervention | Percentage SMHR (Mean) |
|---|---|
| NaF Toothpaste (1426ppmF) | 38.05 |
| AmF Toothpaste (1400ppmF) | 41.06 |
| NaMFP/NaF Toothpaste (1450ppmF) | 33.48 |
| NaF Toothpaste (675ppmF) | 29.08 |
| Placebo Toothpaste (0ppmF) | 14.49 |
SMH recovery test was used to assess the changes in mineralization status of enamel specimens using a Wilson 2100 Hardness tester. SMH was determined by measuring the length of the indentations of enamel specimens. An increase in the indentation length compared to the baseline indicates softening while decrease in the indentation length represents rehardening of enamel surface. Difference in percent SMH recovery was calculated by comparing study NaF toothpaste (1426ppmF) with reference AmF toothpaste (1400ppmF). (NCT01005966)
Timeframe: Baseline to 14 days
| Intervention | Percentage SMHR (Mean) |
|---|---|
| NaF Toothpaste (1426ppmF) | 38.05 |
| AmF Toothpaste (1400ppmF) | 41.06 |
Enamel fluoride uptake was determined using the microdrill enamel biopsy technique. The amount of fluoride uptake by enamel was calculated based on the amount of fluoride (F) divided by the area of the enamel cores. The difference between treatments was calculated with respect to fluoride uptake by enamel. (NCT01005966)
Timeframe: Baseline to 14 days
| Intervention | micrograms (μg)* F/centimeters(cm)^2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| NaF Toothpaste (1426ppmF) | 2342.35 |
| AmF Toothpaste (1400ppmF) | 2305.11 |
| Na MFP/NaF Toothpaste (1450ppmF) | 1809.74 |
| NaF Toothpaste (675ppmF) | 1649.44 |
| Placebo Toothpaste (0ppmF) | 462.95 |
Response to a constant jet of air applied to hypersensitive teeth is evaluated using a Schiff Sensitivity pain response scale. According to this analog scale, pain response for each individual stimulated tooth ranged from 0 to 3; 0 - participant does not respond to air stimulation, 1 - participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2 - participant responds to air stimulus and request discontinuation of stimulus, 3 - participant responds to air stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful and request discontinuation of stimulus. Those teeth that met the tactile threshold inclusion criterion (tactile threshold ≤ 20g) were assessed at baseline and Day 3. The Investigator directed a second application of air from a standard dental syringe to the facial surface of the two sensitive teeth selected at baseline. The Schiff Sensitivity Score was calculated as the subject level mean change (on two teeth) from baseline. (NCT01592851)
Timeframe: Baseline to Day 3
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| SnF Dentifrice | -0.70 |
| NaMFP Dentifrice | -0.25 |
Response to a constant jet of air applied to hypersensitive teeth is evaluated using a Schiff Sensitivity pain response scale. According to this analog scale, pain response for each individual stimulated tooth ranged from 0 to 3; 0 - participant does not respond to air stimulation, 1 - participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2 - participant responds to air stimulus and request discontinuation of stimulus, 3 - participant responds to air stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful and request discontinuation of stimulus. Those teeth that met the tactile threshold inclusion criterion (tactile threshold ≤ 20g) were assessed at baseline and Day 14. The Investigator directed a second application of air from a standard dental syringe to the facial surface of the two sensitive teeth selected at baseline. The Schiff Sensitivity Score was calculated as the subject level mean change (on two teeth) from baseline. (NCT01592851)
Timeframe: Baseline to Day 14
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| SnF Dentifrice | -1.20 |
| NaMFP Dentifrice | -0.37 |
"The Response to increasing force on hypersensitive teeth was evaluated using a Yeaple Probe pain response scale (10g to 80g). According to this tactile sensitivity assessment, an increasing force is applied to hypersensitive tooth until a yes response to pain is recorded or the maximum force has been reached. Tactile testing begins with a force of 10g and it is increased by 10g, with each successive challenge, until either a yes response is recorded or the maximum force (80g) is reached. An increase in tactile score from baseline represents an improvement in sensitivity." (NCT01592851)
Timeframe: Baseline to Day 3
| Intervention | Force (grams) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| SnF Dentifrice | 9.8 |
| NaMFP Dentifrice | 3.0 |
"The Response to increasing force on hypersensitive teeth was evaluated using a Yeaple Probe pain response scale (10g to 80g). According to this tactile sensitivity assessment, an increasing force is applied to hypersensitive tooth until a yes response to pain is recorded or the maximum force has been reached. Tactile testing begins with a force of 10g and it is increased by 10g, with each successive challenge, until either a yes response is recorded or the maximum force (80g) is reached. An increase in tactile score from baseline represents an improvement in sensitivity." (NCT01592851)
Timeframe: Baseline to immediately post treatment administration
| Intervention | Force (grams) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| SnF Dentifrice | 5.8 |
| NaMFP Dentifrice | 1.9 |
"The Response to increasing force on hypersensitive teeth was evaluated using a Yeaple Probe pain response scale (10g to 80g). According to this tactile sensitivity assessment, an increasing force is applied to hypersensitive tooth until a yes response to pain is recorded or the maximum force has been reached. Tactile testing begins with a force of 10g and it is increased by 10g, with each successive challenge, until either a yes response is recorded or the maximum force (80g) is reached. An increase in tactile score from baseline represents an improvement in sensitivity" (NCT01592851)
Timeframe: Baseline to Day 14
| Intervention | Force (grams) (Mean) |
|---|---|
| SnF Dentifrice | 22.9 |
| NaMFP Dentifrice | 3.5 |
Response to a constant jet of air applied to hypersensitive teeth is evaluated using a Schiff Sensitivity pain response scale. According to this analog scale, pain response for each individual stimulated tooth ranged from 0 to 3; 0 - participant does not respond to air stimulation, 1 - participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2 - participant responds to air stimulus and request discontinuation of stimulus, 3 - participant responds to air stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful and request discontinuation of stimulus. Those teeth that met the tactile threshold inclusion criterion (tactile threshold ≤ 20g) were assessed at baseline and immediately after treatment. The Investigator directed a second application of air from a standard dental syringe to the facial surface of the two sensitive teeth selected at baseline. The Schiff Sensitivity Score was calculated as the subject level mean change (on two teeth) from baseline. (NCT01592851)
Timeframe: Baseline to immediately post treatment administration
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| SnF Dentifrice | -0.40 |
| NaMFP Dentifrice | -0.14 |
Response to a constant jet of air applied to hypersensitive teeth is evaluated using a Schiff Sensitivity pain response scale. According to this analog scale, pain response for each individual stimulated tooth ranged from 0 to 3; 0 - participant does not respond to air stimulation, 1 - participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2 - participant responds to air stimulus and request discontinuation of stimulus, 3 - participant responds to air stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful and request discontinuation of stimulus. (NCT01592864)
Timeframe: Baseline to 8 weeks post administration of study treatment
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| SnF Dentifrice | -0.9 |
| NaMFP Dentifrice | -0.5 |
"Response to increasing force on hypersensitive teeth was evaluated using a Yeaple Probe pain response scale. The constant pressure probe allowed the examiner to vary the force applied to the dentin surface from 10 grams (g) to an upper threshold of 80 g, in increments of 10g since the values below represents adjusted mean change in baseline, the value can fall below scale range. The greater the pressure the subject was able to tolerate, the less. Change from baseline in tactile response to Week 8 was calculated.~sensitive the tooth. According to this tactile sensitivity assessment, an increasing force was applied to hypersensitive tooth until a yes response is recorded or the maximum force has been reached." (NCT01592864)
Timeframe: Baseline to 8 weeks post administration of study treatment
| Intervention | grams (Mean) |
|---|---|
| SnF Dentifrice | 21.3 |
| NaMFP Dentifrice | 4.2 |
Response to increasing force on hypersensitive teeth was evaluated using a Yeaple Probe pain response scale. The constant pressure probe allowed the examiner to vary the force applied to the dentin surface from 10g to an upper threshold of 80g, in increments of 10g. The greater the pressure the subject was able to tolerate, the less sensitive the tooth. According to this tactile sensitivity assessment, an increasing force was applied to hypersensitive tooth until a yes response is recorded or the maximum force has been reached. Change from baseline in tactile response to Week 4 was calculated (NCT01592864)
Timeframe: Baseline to 4 weeks post administration of study treatment
| Intervention | grams (Mean) |
|---|---|
| SnF Dentifrice | 11.2 |
| NaMFP Dentifrice | 1.5 |
Response to a constant jet of air applied to hypersensitive teeth was evaluated using a Schiff Sensitivity pain response scale. According to this analog scale, pain response for each individual stimulated tooth ranged from 0 to 3; 0 - participant does not respond to air stimulation, 1 - participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2 - participant responds to air stimulus and request discontinuation of stimulus, 3 - participant responds to air stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful and request discontinuation of stimulus. (NCT01592864)
Timeframe: Baseline to 4 weeks post administration of study treatment
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| SnF Dentifrice | -0.7 |
| NaMFP Dentifrice | -0.2 |
Response to a constant jet of air applied to hypersensitive teeth was evaluated using a Schiff Sensitivity pain response scale. According to this analog scale, pain response for each individual stimulated tooth ranged from 0 to 3; 0 - participant does not respond to air stimulation, 1 - participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2 - participant responds to air stimulus and request discontinuation of stimulus, 3 - participant responds to air stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful and request discontinuation of stimulus. (NCT01691560)
Timeframe: Baseline to 4 weeks post administration of study treatment
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 5% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | -0.36 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | -0.43 |
| Sodium Fluoride | -0.40 |
| 0% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | -0.45 |
Response to increasing force on hypersensitive teeth was evaluated using a Yeaple Probe pain response scale. In tactile sensitivity assessment, an increasing force is applied to hypersensitive tooth until a yes response was recorded or the maximum force was reached. (NCT01691560)
Timeframe: Baseline to 8 weeks post administration of study treatment
| Intervention | grams (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 5% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 10.15 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 5.88 |
| Sodium Fluoride | 4.39 |
| 0% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 11.97 |
Response to a constant jet of air applied to hypersensitive teeth was evaluated using a Schiff Sensitivity pain response scale. According to this analog scale, pain response for each individual stimulated tooth ranged from 0 to 3; 0 - participant does not respond to air stimulation, 1 - participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2 - participant responds to air stimulus and request discontinuation of stimulus, 3 - participant responds to air stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful and request discontinuation of stimulus. (NCT01691560)
Timeframe: Baseline to 8 weeks post administration of study treatment
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 5% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | -0.55 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | -0.43 |
| Sodium Fluoride | -0.43 |
| 0% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | -0.92 |
Participants rated the intensity of their response to the stimulus using a 10 point Visual rating scale of 1 (no Pain) to 10 (intense pain). (NCT01691560)
Timeframe: Baseline to 4 weeks post administration of study treatment
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 5% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | -1.22 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | -1.07 |
| Sodium Fluoride | -1.35 |
| 0% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | -1.25 |
Participants rated the intensity of their response to the stimulus using a 10 point VRS of 1 (no Pain) to 10 (intense pain). (NCT01691560)
Timeframe: Baseline to 8 weeks post administration of study treatment
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| 5% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | -1.76 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | -1.22 |
| Sodium Fluoride | -1.31 |
| 0% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | -2.06 |
Response to increasing force on hypersensitive teeth was evaluated using a Yeaple Probe pain response scale. In tactile sensitivity assessment, an increasing force is applied to hypersensitive tooth until a yes response was recorded or the maximum force was reached. (NCT01691560)
Timeframe: Baseline to 4 weeks post administration of study treatment
| Intervention | grams (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 5% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 7.31 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 6.32 |
| Sodium Fluoride | 4.09 |
| 0% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 3.64 |
The subject rated the intensity of their response to the evaporative air stimulus by rating the intensity of their response to the stimulus using a 100 millimeter (mm )VAS Scale 0 is No Pain and 100 is Worst Pain Imaginable A trained member of staff measured the line segment marked off in mm and recorded this measurement in the CRF (NCT01827670)
Timeframe: Baseline - Week 8
| Intervention | Score on a Scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| VAS Score at Baseline | VAS Score at Week 8 | |
| Control Dentrifice (0.76% Sodium Monofluorophosphate) | 58.40 | 43.94 |
| Test Dentrifice (0.454% Stannous Fluoride) | 58.26 | 22.17 |
The subject rated the intensity of their response to the evaporative air stimulus by rating the intensity of their response to the stimulus using a 100 millimeter (mm )VAS Scale 0 is No Pain and 100 is Worst Pain Imaginable A trained member of staff measured the line segment marked off in mm and recorded this measurement in the CRF (NCT01827670)
Timeframe: Baseline-Week 4
| Intervention | Score on a Scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| VAS Score at Baseline | VAS Score at week 4 | |
| Control Dentrifice (0.76% Sodium Monofluorophosphate) | 58.40 | 50.32 |
| Test Dentrifice (0.454% Stannous Fluoride) | 58.26 | 38.09 |
"The examiner assessed the tactile sensitivity of eligible teeth using a Yeaple probe. The constant pressure applied by Yeaple probe probe allowed the examiner to vary the force applied to the dentin surface from 10g to an upper threshold of 80g, in increments of 10g. The greater the pressure the participant was able to tolerate, the less sensitive the tooth was considered. Testing began at 10g and increased by 10g, with each successive challenge, until either a yes response (pain was elicited) was recorded or the maximum force has been reached." (NCT01827670)
Timeframe: Baseline-Week 8
| Intervention | Grams (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Tactile Threshold at Baseline (g) | Tactile Threshold at Week 8 (g) | |
| Control Dentrifice (0.76% Sodium Monofluorophosphate) | 10.1 | 14.6 |
| Test Dentrifice (0.454% Stannous Fluoride) | 10.4 | 41.6 |
"The examiner assessed the tactile sensitivity of eligible teeth using a Yeaple probe. The constant pressure applied by Yeaple probe probe allowed the examiner to vary the force applied to the dentin surface from 10g to an upper threshold of 80g, in increments of 10g. The greater the pressure the participant was able to tolerate, the less sensitive the tooth was considered. Testing began at 10g and increased by 10g, with each successive challenge, until either a yes response (pain was elicited) was recorded or the maximum force has been reached." (NCT01827670)
Timeframe: Baseline-Week 4
| Intervention | Grams (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Tactile Thresold (g) at Baseline | Tactile Thresold (g) at Week 4 | |
| Control Dentrifice (0.76% Sodium Monofluorophosphate) | 10.1 | 15.8 |
| Test Dentrifice (0.454% Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice) | 10.4 | 24.6 |
"The examiner conducted the evaporative air sensitivity assessment and scored the subject's response to the sensitivity stimulus using the four-point categorical Schiff Sensitivity Scale (SSS).~Score 0 = Subject does not respond to air stimulus Score 1 = Subject responds to air stimulus, but does not request discontinuation of stimulus Score 2 = Subject responds to air stimulus, and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus Score 3 = Subject responds to air stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful, and requests discontinuation" (NCT01827670)
Timeframe: Baseline-Week 4
| Intervention | Score on a Scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Schiff Sensitivity Score at Baseline | Schiff Sensitivity Score at Week 4 | |
| Control Dentrifice (0.76% Sodium Monofluorophosphate) | 2.26 | 2.10 |
| Test Dentrifice (0.454% Stannous Fluoride) | 2.25 | 1.27 |
"The examiner conducted the evaporative air sensitivity assessment and scored the subject's response to the sensitivity stimulus using the four-point categorical Schiff Sensitivity Scale (SSS).~Score 0 = Subject does not respond to air stimulus Score 1 = Subject responds to air stimulus, but does not request discontinuation of stimulus Score 2 = Subject responds to air stimulus, and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus Score 3 = Subject responds to air stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful, and requests discontinuation" (NCT01827670)
Timeframe: Baseline-Week 8
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Schiff Sensitivity Score at Baseline | Schiff Sensitivity Score at Week 8 | |
| Control Dentrifice (0.76% Sodium Monofluorophosphate) | 2.26 | 2.09 |
| Test Dentrifice (0.454% Stannous Fluoride) | 2.25 | 0.78 |
Response to tactile sensitivity using a Yeaple probe which allowed application of a known force to the dentin surface, starting at 10g and rising in increments of 10g until the tactile threshold or maximum force was reached. The tactile threshold for each tooth was determined by asking the subject whether the sensation caused discomfort. The pressure setting at which the subject gave two consecutive 'yes' responses was recorded as the tactile threshold. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. At baseline, the maximum force used was 20g; at all subsequent visits, it was 80g. (NCT01831817)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 weeks post administration of study treatment
| Intervention | grams (Median) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 4 | Median change from baseline at Week 4 | |
| 0% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 10.00 | 10.00 | 0.00 |
| 5% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 10.00 | 10.00 | 0.00 |
| Sodium Fluoride | 10.00 | 10.00 | 0.00 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 10.00 | 10.00 | 0.00 |
"The intensity of response to stimulus will be rated using a 10 point scale where 1 denotes No Pain and 10 denotes Intense Pain." (NCT01831817)
Timeframe: Baseline and 8 weeks post administration of study treatment
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 8 | Mean change from baseline at Week 8 | |
| 0% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 6.69 | 4.46 | -2.24 |
| 5% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 6.71 | 4.65 | -2.06 |
| Sodium Fluoride | 6.92 | 6.07 | -0.86 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 6.41 | 5.70 | -0.71 |
Response to a constant jet of air applied to hypersensitive teeth was evaluated using a Schiff Sensitivity pain response scale. According to this analog scale, pain response for each individual stimulated tooth ranged from 0 to 3; 0 - participant did not respond to air stimulation, 1 - participant responded to air stimulus but did not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2 - participant responded to air stimulus and requested discontinuation of stimulus, 3 - participant responded to air stimulus, considered stimulus to be painful and request discontinuation of stimulus. (NCT01831817)
Timeframe: Baseline and 8 weeks post administration of study treatment
| Intervention | Score on a Scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 8 | Mean change from baseline at Week 8 | |
| 0% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 2.41 | 1.56 | -0.85 |
| 5% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 2.40 | 1.60 | -0.81 |
| Sodium Fluoride | 2.38 | 2.44 | 0.07 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 2.40 | 2.41 | 0.01 |
Response to tactile sensitivity using a Yeaple probe which allowed application of a known force to the dentin surface, starting at 10g and rising in increments of 10g until the tactile threshold or maximum force was reached. The tactile threshold for each tooth was determined by asking the subject whether the sensation caused discomfort. The pressure setting at which the subject gave two consecutive 'yes' responses was recorded as the tactile threshold. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. At baseline, the maximum force used was 20g; at all subsequent visits, it was 80g. (NCT01831817)
Timeframe: Baseline and 8 weeks post administration of study treatment
| Intervention | grams (Median) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 8 | Median change from baseline at Week 8 | |
| 0% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 10.00 | 15.00 | 5.00 |
| 5% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 10.00 | 15.00 | 5.00 |
| Sodium Fluoride | 10.00 | 10.00 | 0.00 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 10.00 | 10.00 | 0.00 |
"The intensity of response to stimulus will be rated using a 10 point scale where 1 denotes No Pain and 10 denotes Intense Pain." (NCT01831817)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 weeks post administration of study treatment
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 4 | Mean change from baseline at Week 4 | |
| 0% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 6.69 | 5.72 | -0.97 |
| 5% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 6.66 | 5.45 | -1.20 |
| Sodium Fluoride | 6.92 | 6.38 | -0.54 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 6.41 | 5.39 | -1.03 |
DHEQ Total score is an overall summary measure for the impact of dentine hypersensitivity on everyday life. Total score is calculated as the sum of 34 questions (each with a possible score of 1 to 7). The scale of responses range from 34 to 238. Higher values imply a worse outcome i.e. an increase in impact on dentine hypersensitivity on everyday life. Lower values imply a better outcome i.e. a decrease in impact on dentine hypersensitivity on everyday life. (NCT01831817)
Timeframe: Baseline and 8 weeks post administration of study treatment
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Change from baseline at Week 8 | |
| 0% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 132.55 | -7.97 |
| 5% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 134.33 | -6.43 |
| Sodium Fluoride | 133.89 | -10.86 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 120.09 | -3.88 |
DHEQ Total score is an overall summary measure for the impact of dentine hypersensitivity on everyday life. Total score is calculated as the sum of 34 questions (each with a possible score of 1 to 7). The scale of responses range from 34 to 238. Higher values imply a worse outcome i.e. an increase in impact on dentine hypersensitivity on everyday life. Lower values imply a better outcome i.e. a decrease in impact on dentine hypersensitivity on everyday life. (NCT01831817)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 weeks post administration of study treatment
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Mean change from baseline at Week 4 | |
| 0% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 132.55 | -4.39 |
| 5% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 136.53 | -3.91 |
| Sodium Fluoride | 133.89 | -7.50 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 121.09 | -3.80 |
Response to a constant jet of air applied to hypersensitive teeth was evaluated using a Schiff Sensitivity pain response scale. According to this analog scale, pain response for each individual stimulated tooth ranged from 0 to 3; 0 - participant did not respond to air stimulation, 1 - participant responded to air stimulus but did not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2 - participant responded to air stimulus and requested discontinuation of stimulus, 3 - participant responded to air stimulus, considered stimulus to be painful and request discontinuation of stimulus. (NCT01831817)
Timeframe: Baseline and 4 weeks post administration of study treatment
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 4 | Mean change from baseline at Week 4 | |
| 0% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 2.41 | 1.94 | -0.47 |
| 5% Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate/ Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 2.39 | 1.83 | -0.56 |
| Sodium Fluoride | 2.38 | 2.31 | -0.07 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 2.40 | 2.31 | -0.09 |
Of the 127 positive nodes with pathology information, the percentage of each type of node will be summarized by the staining method. Statistical testing of the individual staining methods compared to both will be computed using Chi-square test of independence. (NCT02068820)
Timeframe: through 6 weeks post-operative
| Intervention | nodes (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sentinel Nodes | Pelvic Nodes Only | Aortic | Infrarenal | |
| Both IHC and H&E | 16 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| H&E Only | 31 | 36 | 14 | 10 |
| IHC Only | 16 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
"The standard definition for negative predictive value was used to calculate NPV. There was one false negative SLN in this study, 39 true positive sentinel lymph nodes, and 140 negative pelvic metastatic patients.~NPV = 140/141=99.3%" (NCT02068820)
Timeframe: through 6 weeks post-operative
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |
|---|---|---|
| Metastatic Disease | Non Metastatic Disease | |
| ICG Negative | 1 | 140 |
| ICG Positive | 39 | 0 |
(NCT02068820)
Timeframe: through 6 weeks post-operative
| Intervention | nodes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| ISB Dye, Standard White Light | 1.25 |
| ICG Dye, FireFly Fluorescence Imaging | 2.03 |
Tactile threshold was assessed by examiner using a constant pressure probe (Yeaple probe) which allowed application of a known force to the dentine surface from 10 g to an upper threshold of 80g in increments of 10 g. The tactile threshold is the maximum pressure applied at which participant do not report any pain or discomfort. The tactile threshold for each tooth was determined by asking the participant whether the sensation caused discomfort. The pressure setting at which the participant gave two consecutive 'yes' responses was recorded as the tactile threshold. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. Change from baseline was calculated as mean score at the given time point minus mean score at baseline of the two selected test teeth. (NCT02371616)
Timeframe: At Baseline, Week 4 and Week 8
| Intervention | gram (g) (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At Baseline | At Week 4 | Change from baseline at Week 4 | At Week 8 | Change from baseline at Week 8 | |
| Comparator Dentifrice | 12.18 | 23.61 | 11.42 | 33.58 | 21.42 |
| Test Dentifrice | 12.79 | 25.45 | 12.72 | 32.88 | 20.10 |
"Evaporative air sensitivity was assessed by examiner as a response to a 1 second application of air from a triple air dental syringe applied to the exposed dentine surface of hypersensitive tooth from a distance of approximately 1centimeter. Each participants rated the intensity of their response to the stimulus using a 100 mm VAS, were 0 represented no pain and 100 represented the worst pain imaginable. Change from baseline was calculated as mean score at the given time point minus mean score at baseline of the two selected test teeth." (NCT02371616)
Timeframe: At Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| At Week 4 | Change from baseline at Week 4 | |
| Comparator Dentifrice | 40.60 | -15.24 |
| Test Dentifrice | 40.71 | -12.12 |
"Evaporative air sensitivity was assessed by examiner as a response to a 1 second application of air from a triple air dental syringe applied to the exposed dentine surface of hypersensitive tooth from a distance of approximately 1centimeter. Each participants rated the intensity of their response to the stimulus using a 100 millimeter (mm) VAS, were 0 represented no pain and 100 represented the worst pain imaginable. Change from baseline was calculated as mean score at the given time point minus mean score at baseline of the two selected test teeth." (NCT02371616)
Timeframe: At Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| At Baseline | At Week 8 | Change from baseline at Week 8 | |
| Comparator Dentifrice | 55.89 | 30.51 | -25.16 |
| Test Dentifrice | 53.05 | 31.62 | -21.50 |
Evaporative air sensitivity was measured by examiner as the participant's response to an evaporative air stimulus for each tooth using the Schiff Sensitivity Scale scored as follows - 0: Participant does not respond to air stimulation; 1: responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus; 2: Participant responds to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus; 3: Participant responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful, and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score indicate improvement in sensitivity. Change from baseline was calculated as mean score at the given time point minus mean score at baseline of the two selected test teeth. (NCT02371616)
Timeframe: At Baseline, Week 4 and Week 8
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At Baseline | At Week 4 | Change from baseline at Week 4 | At Week 8 | Change from baseline at Week 8 | |
| Comparator Dentifrice | 2.68 | 2.11 | -0.57 | 1.58 | -1.09 |
| Test Dentifrice | 2.72 | 2.13 | -0.59 | 1.65 | -1.08 |
The examiner assessed the participant's response to an evaporative air stimulus for each tooth using the Schiff Sensitivity Scale which was scored as follows 0: Participant does not respond to air stimulation; 1: Participant responded to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus; 2: Participant responded to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus; 3: Participant responded to stimulus, considered stimulus to be painful, and requested discontinuation of the stimulus. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score was indicative of an improvement in sensitivity. (NCT02612064)
Timeframe: Baseline to 60 seconds post first treatment
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Stannous Fluoride | -0.41 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | -0.31 |
The examiner assessed the participant's response to an evaporative air stimulus for each tooth using the Schiff Sensitivity Scale which was scored as follows - 0: Participant does not respond to air stimulation; 1: Participant responded to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus; 2: Participant responded to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus; 3: Participant responded to stimulus, considered stimulus to be painful, and requested discontinuation of the stimulus. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score was indicative of an improvement in sensitivity. (NCT02612064)
Timeframe: Baseline to 3 days
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Stannous Fluoride | -0.96 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | -0.77 |
The examiner assessed the response to tactile sensitivity using a Yeaple probe which allowed application of a known force to the dentin surface, starting at 10g and rising in increments of 10g until the tactile threshold or maximum force was reached. The tactile threshold for each tooth was determined by asking the participant whether the sensation caused discomfort. The pressure setting at which the participant gives two consecutive 'yes' responses was recorded as the tactile threshold. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. At baseline, the maximum force used was 20g; at all subsequent visits, it was 80g. (NCT02612064)
Timeframe: Baseline, 60 seconds post first treatment, Day 3
| Intervention | g (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline to Day 0, Post-Treatment | Change from Baseline to Day 3 | |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 4.74 | 12.77 |
| Stannous Fluoride | 8.83 | 15.09 |
Schiff sensitivity score was assessed by examiner as participant's response to an evaporative (air) stimulus after the stimulation of each individual tooth. Response of participant was scored using Schiff sensitivity scale range of 0-3; 0=Participant does not respond to air stimulation; 1=Participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus; 2=Participant responds to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus; 3= Participant responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful, and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score indicates improvement in sensitivity. (NCT02705716)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 14
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Test Dentifrice | -1.01 |
| Control Dentifrice | -0.88 |
Schiff sensitivity score was assessed by examiner as participant's response to an evaporative (air) stimulus after the stimulation of each individual tooth. Response of participant was scored using Schiff sensitivity scale range of 0-3; 0=Participant does not respond to air stimulation; 1=Participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus; 2=Participant responds to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus; 3= Participant responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful, and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score indicates improvement in sensitivity. (NCT02705716)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 7
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Test Dentifrice | -0.49 |
| Control Dentifrice | -0.54 |
Tactile threshold was assessed by examiner using a constant pressure probe (Yeaple probe) which allowed application of a known force to the dentin surface from 10 g to an upper threshold of 80g in increments of 10 g. The tactile threshold is the maximum pressure applied at which participant do not report any pain or discomfort. The tactile threshold for each tooth was determined by asking the participant whether the sensation caused discomfort. The pressure setting at which the participant gave two consecutive 'yes' responses was recorded as the tactile threshold. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. (NCT02705716)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 7 and Day 14
| Intervention | g (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline on Day 7(n=70,69) | Change from baseline on Day 14(n=68,68) | |
| Control Dentifrice | 10.29 | 18.90 |
| Test Dentifrice | 11.21 | 18.24 |
The examiner assessed the participant's response to an evaporative air stimulus for each tooth using the Schiff Sensitivity Scale which was scored as follows - 0: Participant does not respond to air stimulation; 1: Participant responded to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus; 2: Participant responded to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus; 3: Participant responded to stimulus, considered stimulus to be painful, and requested discontinuation of the stimulus. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score was indicative of an improvement in sensitivity. (NCT02731833)
Timeframe: Baseline to 60 seconds post first treatment
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Stannous Fluoride | -0.17 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | -0.02 |
The examiner assessed the participant's response to an evaporative air stimulus for each tooth using the Schiff Sensitivity Scale which was scored as follows - 0: Participant does not respond to air stimulation; 1: Participant responded to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus; 2: Participant responded to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus; 3: Participant responded to stimulus, considered stimulus to be painful, and requested discontinuation of the stimulus. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score was indicative of an improvement in sensitivity. (NCT02731833)
Timeframe: Baseline to Day 3
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Stannous Fluoride | -0.40 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 0.00 |
The examiner assessed the response to tactile sensitivity using a Yeaple probe which allowed application of a known force to the dentin surface, starting at 10g and rising in increments of 10g until the tactile threshold or maximum force was reached. The tactile threshold for each tooth was determined by asking the participant whether the sensation caused discomfort. The pressure setting at which the participant gives two consecutive 'yes' responses was recorded as the tactile threshold. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. (NCT02731833)
Timeframe: Baseline to 60 seconds post first treatment
| Intervention | g (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Stannous Fluoride | 1.71 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 0.18 |
The examiner assessed the response to tactile sensitivity using a Yeaple probe which allowed application of a known force to the dentin surface, starting at 10g and rising in increments of 10g until the tactile threshold or maximum force was reached. The tactile threshold for each tooth was determined by asking the participant whether the sensation caused discomfort. The pressure setting at which the participant gives two consecutive 'yes' responses was recorded as the tactile threshold. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. (NCT02731833)
Timeframe: Baseline to Day 3
| Intervention | g (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Stannous Fluoride | 3.69 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 0.09 |
Number of bleeding sites was measured as bleeding index (BI) via a single examiner using a color coded periodontal probe. The probe was engaged approximately 1 millimetre (mm) into the gingival crevice. A moderate pressure was used whilst sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along the sulcular epithelium. The BI was assessed on the facial and lingual gingival surfaces of each scorable tooth (7-7 in each arch). The BI scoring system used to measure bleeding sites is as follows: 0= No bleeding after 30 seconds; 1= Bleeding upon probing after 30 seconds; 2= Immediate bleeding observed. Bleeding sites were assessed as the number of bleeding sites with a BI score of 1 or 2. (NCT02750943)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | number of bleeding sites (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Stannous Fluoride | 42.02 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 67.36 |
BI was assessed by a single examiner using a color coded periodontal probe. The probe was engaged approximately 1mm into the gingival crevice. A moderate pressure was used whilst sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along the sulcular epithelium. The BI scoring system to be used is as follows: 0= No bleeding after 30 seconds; 1= Bleeding upon probing after 30 seconds; 2= Immediate bleeding observed (NCT02750943)
Timeframe: Week 4, Week 12
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| BI at Week 4 (n=121, 122) | BI at Week 12 (n=119, 119) | |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 0.44 | 0.43 |
| Stannous Fluoride | 0.29 | 0.27 |
MGI was assessed on facial and lingual surfaces at two sites on each tooth (papillae and margin). The scoring of the MGI was performed under dental office conditions using a standard dental light for illuminating the oral cavity. This procedure was performed by a single examiner. The MGI scoring system is as follows: 0 = absence of inflammation; 1 = mild inflammation; slight change in color, little change in color; little change in texture of any portion of the marginal or papillary gingival unit; 2 = mild inflammation; criteria as above but involving the entire marginal or papillar gingival units; 3= moderate inflammation; glazing, redness, edema, and/ or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit; 4 = severe inflammation; marked redness, edema and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit, spontaneous bleeding, congestion, or ulceration. (NCT02750943)
Timeframe: Week 4, Week 12
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| MGI at Week 4 | MGI at Week 12 | |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 2.40 | 2.47 |
| Stannous Fluoride | 2.27 | 2.29 |
Visible blood in expectorate for each participant was classified as (i) Present (Trace or Substantial) (ii) Absent. The number of participants with blood 'Present' (Trace or Substantial) or 'absent' in expectorate was analyzed. (NCT02750943)
Timeframe: Week 4, Week 12
| Intervention | number of participants (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At Week 4, Visible blood= Present | At Week 4, Visible blood= Trace | At Week 4, Visible blood= Substantial | At Week 4, Visible blood= Absent | At Week 12, Visible blood= Present | At Week 12, Visible blood= Trace | At Week 12, Visible blood= Substantial | At Week 12, Visible blood= Absent | |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 89 | 31 | 58 | 34 | 78 | 13 | 65 | 41 |
| Stannous Fluoride | 92 | 35 | 57 | 30 | 72 | 18 | 54 | 47 |
Number of bleeding sites was measured as BI via a single examiner using a color coded periodontal probe. The probe was engaged approximately 1 mm into the gingival crevice. A moderate pressure was used whilst sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along the sulcular epithelium. The BI was assessed on the facial and lingual gingival surfaces of each scorable tooth (7-7 in each arch). The BI scoring system used to measure bleeding sites is as follows: 0= No bleeding after 30 seconds; 1= Bleeding upon probing after 30 seconds; 2= Immediate bleeding observed. Bleeding sites were assessed as the number of bleeding sites with a BI score of 1 or 2. (NCT02750943)
Timeframe: Week 4
| Intervention | number of bleeding sites (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Stannous Fluoride | 45.44 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 68.30 |
The examiner assessed the response to tactile sensitivity using a Yeaple probe which allowed application of a known force to the dentin surface, starting at 10g and rising in increments of 10g until the tactile threshold or maximum force was reached. The tactile threshold for each tooth was determined by asking the participant whether the sensation caused discomfort. The pressure setting at which the participant gives two consecutive 'yes' responses was recorded as the tactile threshold. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. At baseline, the maximum force used was 20g; at all subsequent visits, it was 80g. (NCT02751450)
Timeframe: Baseline to 60 seconds post first treatment
| Intervention | g (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Stannous Fluoride Dentifice | 19.49 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate Dentifrice | 3.66 |
The examiner assessed the response to tactile sensitivity using a Yeaple probe which allowed application of a known force to the dentin surface, starting at 10g and rising in increments of 10g until the tactile threshold or maximum force was reached. The tactile threshold for each tooth was determined by asking the participant whether the sensation caused discomfort. The pressure setting at which the participant gives two consecutive 'yes' responses was recorded as the tactile threshold. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. At baseline, the maximum force used was 20g; at all subsequent visits, it was 80g. (NCT02751450)
Timeframe: Baseline to Day 3
| Intervention | g (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Stannous Fluoride | 35.47 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 6.55 |
The examiner assessed the participant's response to an evaporative air stimulus for each tooth using the Schiff Sensitivity Scale which was scored as follows - 0: Participant does not respond to air stimulation; 1: Participant responded to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus; 2: Participant responded to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus; 3: Participant responded to stimulus, considered stimulus to be painful, and requested discontinuation of the stimulus. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score was indicative of an improvement in sensitivity. (NCT02751450)
Timeframe: Baseline to 60 seconds post first treatment
| Intervention | Score on a Scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Stannous Fluoride Dentifice | -0.89 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate Dentifrice | -0.17 |
The examiner assessed the participant's response to an evaporative air stimulus for each tooth using the Schiff Sensitivity Scale which was scored as follows - 0: Participant does not respond to air stimulation; 1: Participant responded to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus; 2: Participant responded to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus; 3: Participant responded to stimulus, considered stimulus to be painful, and requested discontinuation of the stimulus. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score was indicative of an improvement in sensitivity. (NCT02751450)
Timeframe: Baseline to Day 3
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Stannous Fluoride | -1.40 |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate | -0.38 |
Change from baseline (pre-dose) in the mean occlusion classification score was calculated. The degree of occlusion was measured using the following classification grades; 0 Not Evaluable, 1 Occluded, 2 Mostly Occluded, 3 Equally Occluded/Unoccluded, 4 Mostly Unoccluded and 5 Unoccluded (NCT02768194)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 8
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-dose (Baseline) | Post-dose (Post Baseline) | Change | |
| Negative Control | 4.36 | 3.53 | -0.83 |
| Reference Product | 4.32 | 3.42 | -0.90 |
| Test Product | 4.38 | 3.43 | -0.95 |
Change from baseline (pre-dose) in the mean occlusion classification score was calculated. The degree of occlusion was measured using the following classification grades; 0 Not Evaluable, 1 Occluded, 2 Mostly Occluded, 3 Equally Occluded/Unoccluded, 4 Mostly Unoccluded and 5 Unoccluded (NCT02768194)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 1, 4, and 10
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1: Pre-dose (Baseline) | Day 1: Post-dose (Post Baseline) | Day 1: Change from Baseline | Day 4: Pre-dose (Baseline) | Day 4: Post-dose (Post Baseline) | Day 4: Change from Baseline | Day 10: Pre-dose (Baseline) | Day 10: Post-dose (Post Baseline) | Day 10: Change from Baseline | |
| Negative Control | 4.30 | 3.86 | -0.44 | 4.23 | 3.98 | -0.25 | 4.36 | 3.74 | -0.62 |
| Reference Product | 4.38 | 4.13 | -0.26 | 4.30 | 3.60 | -0.70 | 4.31 | 3.49 | -0.82 |
| Test Product | 4.30 | 3.96 | -0.34 | 4.41 | 3.51 | -0.91 | 4.31 | 3.13 | -1.18 |
Schiff Sensitivity Score is an examiner based index, was scored immediately following administration of the evaporative air stimulus by directing a maximum one second application of air from a dental air syringe to the exposed dentine surface from a distance of approximately 1 cm. The examiner indicated the participant's response to the evaporative air stimulus, after the stimulation of each individual tooth, using the Schiff sensitivity scale as follows: 0= participant does not respond to air stimulation; 1= participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus; 2= participant responds to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus; 3= participant responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful, and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. (NCT02773758)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 14
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| At Baseline | Change From Baseline at Day 14 | |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate Dentifrice | 2.74 | -0.10 |
| Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice | 2.70 | -1.38 |
A tactile stimulus was administered using a constant pressure probe (Yeaple Probe). Response to this stimulus was evaluated as tactile threshold. The constant pressure probe allowed the examiner to vary the force applied to the dentine surface from 10 g to an upper threshold of 80 g in increments of 10 g. The tactile threshold is the maximum pressure applied without the participant's reporting pain or discomfort. The greater the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. (NCT02773758)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 7 and Day 14
| Intervention | gram (g) (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| At Baseline | Change from Baseline at Day 7 | Change from Baseline at Day 14 | |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate Dentifrice | 11.50 | 0.86 | 0.86 |
| Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice | 11.83 | 5.92 | 15.21 |
Schiff Sensitivity Score is an examiner based index, was scored immediately following administration of the evaporative air stimulus by directing a maximum one second application of air from a dental air syringe to the exposed dentine surface from a distance of approximately 1 cm. The examiner indicated the participant's response to the evaporative air stimulus, after the stimulation of each individual tooth, using the Schiff sensitivity scale as follows: 0= participant does not respond to air stimulation; 1= participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus; 2= participant responds to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus; 3= participant responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful, and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. (NCT02773758)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 7
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| At Baseline | Change from baseline at Week 7 | |
| Sodium Monofluorophosphate Dentifrice | 2.74 | -0.04 |
| Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice | 2.70 | -0.74 |
Tactile threshold was assessed by examiner using a constant pressure probe (Yeaple probe) which allowed application of a known force to the dentin surface from 10 g to an upper threshold of 80g in increments of 10 g. The tactile threshold is the maximum pressure applied at which participant do not report any pain or discomfort. The tactile threshold for each tooth was determined by asking the participant whether the sensation caused discomfort. The pressure setting at which the participant gave two consecutive 'yes' responses was recorded as the tactile threshold. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. (NCT02832375)
Timeframe: Baseline, after single use (after 5 minutes) and on Day 3
| Intervention | g (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline post treatment | Change from baseline on Day 3 | |
| Experimental: Stannous Fluoride(SnF) | 4.01 | 15.25 |
| Standard: Sodium Monofluorophosphate(SMFP) | 3.60 | 3.88 |
Schiff sensitivity score was assessed by examiner as participant's response to an evaporative (air) stimulus after the stimulation of each individual tooth. Response of participant was scored using Schiff sensitivity scale range of 0-3; 0=Participant does not respond to air stimulation; 1=Participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus; 2=Participant responds to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus; 3= Participant responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful, and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score indicates improvement in sensitivity. (NCT02832375)
Timeframe: Baseline, after single use (after 5 minutes)
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Stannous Fluoride(SnF) | -0.46 |
| Standard: Sodium Monofluorophosphate(SMFP) | -0.45 |
Schiff sensitivity score was assessed by examiner as participant's response to an evaporative (air) stimulus after the stimulation of each individual tooth. Response of participant was scored using Schiff sensitivity scale range of 0-3; 0=Participant does not respond to air stimulation; 1=Participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus; 2=Participant responds to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus; 3= Participant responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful, and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score indicates improvement in sensitivity. (NCT02832375)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 3
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Stannous Fluoride(SnF) | -0.82 |
| Control: Sodium Monofluorophosphate(SMFP) | -0.39 |
The examiner assessed the participant's response to the evaporative air stimulus, after the stimulation of each individual tooth, using the Schiff Sensitivity Scale as follows: 0 Participant does not respond to air stimulation, 1 Participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2 Participant responds to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus, 3 Participant responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score indicate improvement in sensitivity. (NCT02861664)
Timeframe: At Baseline and Week 8
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Test Dentifrice: Stannous Fluoride (SnF2) | -0.94 |
| Negative Control Dentifrice: Sodium Monofluorophosphate (SMFP) | -0.33 |
The examiner assessed the response to tactile sensitivity using a Yeaple probe which allowed application of a known force to the dentin surface, starting at 10g and rising in increments of 10g until the tactile threshold or maximum force has reached. The tactile threshold for each tooth was determined by asking the participant whether the sensation caused discomfort. The pressure setting at which the participant gave two consecutive 'yes' responses was recorded as the tactile threshold. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. At baseline, the maximum force used was 20g; at all subsequent visits, it was 80g. (NCT02861664)
Timeframe: At Baseline, Week 4 and Week 8
| Intervention | g (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline at Week 4 | Change from baseline at Week 8 | |
| Negative Control Dentifrice: Sodium Monofluorophosphate (SMFP) | 4.9 | 8.4 |
| Test Dentifrice: Stannous Fluoride (SnF2) | 4.8 | 10.4 |
The examiner assessed the participant's response to the evaporative air stimulus, after the stimulation of each individual tooth, using the Schiff Sensitivity Scale as follows: 0 Participant does not respond to air stimulation, 1 Participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2 Participant responds to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus, 3 Participant responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score indicate improvement in sensitivity. (NCT02861664)
Timeframe: At Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Test Dentifrice: Stannous Fluoride (SnF2) | -0.63 |
| Negative Control Dentifrice: Sodium Monofluorophosphate (SMFP) | -0.10 |
Tactile threshold was assessed by examiner using a constant pressure probe (Yeaple probe) which allowed application of a known force to the dentin surface from 10 g to an upper threshold of 80g in increments of 10 g. The tactile threshold is the maximum pressure applied at which participant do not report any pain or discomfort. The tactile threshold for each tooth was determined by asking the participant whether the sensation caused discomfort. The pressure setting at which the participant gave two consecutive 'yes' responses was recorded as the tactile threshold. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. (NCT02923895)
Timeframe: Baseline to 60 seconds post first treatment
| Intervention | g (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| At Baseline (Day 0, Pre-treatment) | Day 0, Post-treatment | Change from Baseline | |
| Control Dentifrice | 13.58 | 14.63 | 1.05 |
| Test Dentifrice | 13.40 | 22.47 | 9.07 |
The examiner assessed the participant's response to an evaporative air stimulus for each of the two test tooth using the Schiff Sensitivity Scale which was scored as follows: 0 Participant does not respond to air stimulation, 1 Participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2 Participant responds to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus, 3 Participant responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. The Schiff sensitivity score was calculated as the average of individual test teeth score. Change from baseline in Schiff sensitivity was calculated as participant level mean change from baseline of the 2 test teeth. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score was indicative of an improvement in sensitivity. (NCT02923895)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 3
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| At Baseline (Day 0, Pre-treatment) | At Day 3 | Change from Baseline | |
| Control Dentifrice | 2.49 | 2.37 | -0.13 |
| Test Dentifrice | 2.44 | 1.01 | -1.44 |
The examiner assessed the participant's response to an evaporative air stimulus for each of the two test tooth using the Schiff Sensitivity Scale which was scored as follows: 0 Participant does not respond to air stimulation, 1 Participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2 Participant responds to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus, 3 Participant responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. The Schiff sensitivity score was calculated as the average of individual test teeth score. Change from baseline in Schiff sensitivity was calculated as participant level mean change from baseline of the 2 test teeth. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score was indicative of an improvement in sensitivity. (NCT02923895)
Timeframe: Baseline to 60 seconds post first treatment
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| At Baseline (Day 0, Pre-treatment) | Day 0 (Post-treatment) | Change from Baseline | |
| Control Dentifrice | 2.49 | 2.40 | -0.09 |
| Test Dentifrice | 2.44 | 1.76 | -0.68 |
Tactile threshold was assessed by examiner using a constant pressure probe (Yeaple probe) which allowed application of a known force to the dentin surface from 10 gram[g] to an upper threshold of 80g in increments of 10 g. The tactile threshold is the maximum pressure applied at which participant do not report any pain or discomfort. The tactile threshold for each tooth was determined by asking the participant whether the sensation caused discomfort. The pressure setting at which the participant gave two consecutive 'yes' responses was recorded as the tactile threshold. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. (NCT02923895)
Timeframe: Baseline and Day 3
| Intervention | g (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| At Baseline | At Day 3 | Change from Baseline | |
| Control Dentifrice | 13.58 | 14.89 | 1.32 |
| Test Dentifrice | 13.40 | 39.28 | 25.88 |
The examiner indicated the participant's response to the evaporative air stimulus, after the stimulation of each individual tooth, using the Schiff Sensitivity Scale as follows: 0=Participant does not respond to air stimulation, 1=Participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2=Participant responds to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus, 3=Participant responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score indicates improvement in sensitivity. (NCT02924350)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 3
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Test Dentifrice Containing Stannous Fluoride | -1.37 |
| Control Dentifrice Containing Sodium Monofluorophosphate | -0.45 |
The examiner assessed the response to tactile sensitivity using a Yeaple probe which allowed the application of a known force to the dentin surface, starting at 10gram (g) and raised in increments of 10g until the tactile threshold or maximum force was reached. The tactile threshold for each tooth was determined by asking the participant whether the sensation caused discomfort. The pressure setting at which the participant gave two consecutive 'yes' responses were recorded as the tactile threshold. Higher tactile threshold means less sensitive tooth. At baseline, the maximum force used was 20g; at all subsequent visits, it was 80g. (NCT02924350)
Timeframe: At Baseline (Day 0 pre-treatment), after 60 seconds of single direct application on Day 0 and Day 3
| Intervention | g (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline on Day 0 | Change from baseline on Day 3 | |
| Control Dentifrice Containing Sodium Monofluorophosphate | 8.14 | 10.45 |
| Test Dentifrice Containing Stannous Fluoride | 15.10 | 32.79 |
The examiner indicated the participant's response to the evaporative air stimulus, after the stimulation of each individual tooth, using the Schiff Sensitivity Scale as follows: 0=Participant does not respond to air stimulation, 1=Participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2=Participant responds to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus, 3=Participant responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score indicates improvement in sensitivity. (NCT02924350)
Timeframe: At Baseline (Day 0 pre-treatment) and after 60 seconds of single direct application on Day 0
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Test Dentifrice Containing Stannous Fluoride | -0.63 |
| Control Dentifrice Containing Sodium Monofluorophosphate | -0.38 |
The BI was performed by a single examiner using a color coded periodontal probe. The probe was inserted approximately 1 mm into the gingival crevice. A moderate pressure was used whilst sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along the sulcular epithelium. The BI scoring system to be used is as follows: 0= No bleeding after 30 seconds; 1= Bleeding upon probing after 30 seconds; 2= Immediate bleeding observed. This measure will be analyzed and summarized over all sites. (NCT02937636)
Timeframe: At Week 12
| Intervention | Score on Scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Test Product | 0.07 |
| Reference Product | 0.15 |
The MGI was assessed on facial and lingual surfaces at two sites on each tooth (papillae and margin).The scoring of MGI was performed by a single examiner. The MGI scoring system is as follows:0=absence of inflammation;1=mild inflammation; slight change in color, little change in color; little change in texture of any portion of the marginal or papillary gingival unit;2=mild inflammation; criteria as above but involving the entire marginal or papillar gingival units;3=moderate inflammation; glazing, redness, edema, and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit;4=severe inflammation; marked redness, edema and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit, spontaneous bleeding, congestion, or ulceration. (NCT02937636)
Timeframe: At Week 12
| Intervention | Score On Scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Test Product | 1.62 |
| Reference Product | 1.89 |
The dental examiner used the PI to assess plaque on all gradable teeth. The plaque was first disclosed using a dye solution. Participants then rinsed with disclosing solution according to instructions. Plaque was assessed with each tooth being divided into 6 areas including the mesiofacial, facial, distofacial, mesiolingual, lingual and distolingual surfaces. Disclosed plaque was scored as follows: 0= No plaque; 1= Slight flecks of plaque at the cervical margin of the tooth; 2= A thin continuous band of plaque (1 mm or smaller) at the cervical margin of the tooth; 3= A band of plaque wider than 1 mm but covering less than 1/3 of the crown of the tooth; 4= Plaque covering at least 1/3 but less tan 2/3 of the crown of the tooth; 5= Plaque covering 2/3 or more of the crown of the tooth.Overall PI score and interproximal PI score were calculated as the mean PI over all tooth sites and mean PI over interproximal sites (distal and mesial) respectively. (NCT02937636)
Timeframe: At Week 12
| Intervention | Score on Scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Plaque Index (PI) (overall) | Mean Plaque Index (PI) (interproximal) | |
| Reference Product | 2.19 | 2.24 |
| Test Product | 1.85 | 1.92 |
Number of bleeding sites were measured as BI via a single examiner using a color coded periodontal probe. The probe was gently inserted approximately 1 millimeter (mm) into the gingival crevice. A moderate pressure was used whilst sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along the sulcular epithelium. The BI scoring system used to measure bleeding sites is as follows: 0= No bleeding after 30 seconds; 1= Bleeding upon probing after 30 seconds; 2= Immediate bleeding observed. A bleeding site was considered as a BI score of 1 or 2. (NCT02937636)
Timeframe: At Week 12
| Intervention | Number of bleeding sites (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Test Product | 10.37 |
| Reference Product | 20.92 |
Tactile threshold was assessed by examiner using a constant pressure probe (Yeaple probe) which allowed application of a known force to the dentin surface from 10 g to an upper threshold of 80g in increments of 10 g. The tactile threshold is the maximum pressure applied at which participant do not report any pain or discomfort. The tactile threshold for each tooth was determined by asking the participant whether the sensation caused discomfort. The pressure setting at which the participant gave two consecutive 'yes' responses was recorded as the tactile threshold. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. (NCT03072719)
Timeframe: Baseline, post first brushing (after 5 minutes), Day 3 and Day 14
| Intervention | gram (g) (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At Baseline | After 5 minutes of brushing | Change after 5 minutes of brushing | On Day 3 | Change from baseline on Day 3 | On Day 14 | Change from baseline on Day 14 | |
| Experimental Dentifrice | 10.8 | 16.5 | 5.7 | 18.4 | 7.5 | 25.3 | 14.6 |
| Reference Dentifrice | 11.5 | 16.7 | 5.2 | 18.6 | 7.1 | 23.8 | 12.3 |
Schiff sensitivity score was assessed by examiner as participant's response to an evaporative (air) stimulus after the stimulation of each individual tooth. Response of participant was scored using Schiff sensitivity scale range of 0-3; 0=Participant does not respond to air stimulation; 1=Participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus; 2=Participant responds to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus; 3= Participant responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful, and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score indicate improvement in sensitivity. (NCT03072719)
Timeframe: Baseline, post first brushing (after 5 minutes) and Day 3
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| After 5 minutes of brushing | Change after 5 minutes of brushing | On Day 3 | Change from baseline on Day 3 | |
| Experimental Dentifrice | 1.73 | -0.78 | 1.63 | -0.88 |
| Reference Dentifrice | 1.92 | -0.59 | 1.77 | -0.74 |
Schiff sensitivity score was assessed by examiner as participant's response to an evaporative (air) stimulus after the stimulation of each individual tooth. Response of participant was scored using Schiff sensitivity scale range of 0-3; 0=Participant does not respond to air stimulation; 1=Participant responds to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus; 2=Participant responds to air stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves from stimulus; 3= Participant responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful, and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score indicates improvement in sensitivity. (NCT03072719)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 14
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| At Baseline | At Day 14 | Change from Baseline on Day 14 | |
| Experimental Dentifrice | 2.51 | 1.16 | -1.35 |
| Reference Dentifrice | 2.51 | 1.35 | -1.16 |
An assessment of the area and intensity of dental stain on the study teeth was performed using the MLSI after usage of the allocated study dentifrice, after 4 weeks twice daily use. The intensity of stain was scored separately for the gingival and body areas of each assessable tooth on a scale of 0 to 3 (0 - no stain, 1- light stain, 2 - moderate stain, 3 - heavy stain). The area of stain was scored separately for the gingival and body areas of each assessable tooth on the following scale: 0 - no stain; 1 - stain up to 1/3 of the area affected; 2- stain between 1/3 and 2/3 of the area affected; and 3 - stain more than 2/3 of area affected. Overall MLSI was calculated by multiplying scores of intensity and area, and was thus analyzed on a scale of 0 (best score) to 9 (worst score). (NCT03160703)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4
| Intervention | Score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 4 | |
| Reference Dentifrice 1 (RDA~80) | 1.42 | 0.10 |
| Reference Dentifrice 2 (RDA~120) | 1.38 | 0.16 |
| Test Dentifrice 1 (RDA~58) | 1.38 | 0.08 |
| Test Dentifrice 2 (RDA~77) | 1.43 | 0.05 |
The examiner assessed the response to tactile sensitivity using a Yeaple probe which allowed the application of a known force to the dentin surface, starting at 10 grams (g) and rising in increments of 10g until the tactile threshold or maximum force was reached. The tactile threshold for each tooth was determined by asking the participant whether the sensation caused discomfort. The pressure setting at which the participant gave two consecutive 'yes' responses was recorded as the tactile threshold. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. At baseline, the maximum force used was 20g; at all subsequent visits, it was 80g. (NCT03310268)
Timeframe: Week 8
| Intervention | Grams (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Tactile threshold at baseline | Tactile threshold at Week 8 | Change from baseline at Week 8 | |
| Negative Control (1400 Ppm Fluoride as SMFP) | 11.42 | 36.49 | 25.00 |
| Positive Control (SnCl2 and 0.15% NaF [1450 Ppm Fluoride]) | 11.80 | 33.93 | 22.31 |
| Test Product (0.454% SnF2 and 0.072% NaF [1450 Ppm Fluoride]) | 11.13 | 28.52 | 17.38 |
The examiner assessed the participant's response to an evaporative air stimulus for each tooth using the Schiff Sensitivity Scale which was scored as follows - 0: Participant did not respond to air stimulation; 1: Participant responded to air stimulus but does not request discontinuation of stimulus; 2: Participant responded to air stimulus and requested discontinuation or moves from stimulus; 3: Participant responded to stimulus, considered stimulus to be painful, and requested discontinuation of the stimulus. A reduction in Schiff Sensitivity score will be indicative of an improvement in sensitivity. (NCT03310268)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 8
| Intervention | Score on Scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Schiff score at baseline | Schiff score at Week 8 | Change from baseline in Schiff score at Week 8 | |
| Negative Control (1400 Ppm Fluoride as SMFP) | 2.23 | 1.50 | -0.72 |
| Positive Control (SnCl2 and 0.15% NaF [1450 Ppm Fluoride]) | 2.18 | 1.70 | -0.48 |
| Test Product (0.454% SnF2 and 0.072% NaF [1450 Ppm Fluoride]) | 2.22 | 1.69 | -0.53 |
"Tactile Threshold will be measured using a Yeaple probe. Testing is performed beginning at 10 g. The examiner records tactile scores for responding teeth. After treatment, testing begins at 10 g and increases by 10 g to a maximum of 50 g. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. Each successive challenge increases until a yes response is repeated. If a second yes is not obtained, the force setting is increased to the next step and continued until a force is found which elicits two consecutive yes responses and will be recorded as the threshold on the Tactile Sensitivity Score form. The least square mean will be calculated for this measure." (NCT03965039)
Timeframe: 3 days
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Marketed Stannous Fluoride Toothpaste | 16.70 |
| Marketed Potassium Nitrate Toothpaste | 13.74 |
| Marketed Sodium Monofluorophosphate Toothpaste | 12.41 |
| Experimental Dipotassium Oxalate Toothpaste | 15.90 |
"Tactile Threshold will be measured using a Yeaple probe. Testing is performed beginning at 10 g. The examiner records tactile scores for responding teeth. After treatment, testing begins at 10 g and increases by 10 g to a maximum of 50 g. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. Each successive challenge increases until a yes response is repeated. If a second yes is not obtained, the force setting is increased to the next step and continued until a force is found which elicits two consecutive yes responses and will be recorded as the threshold on the Tactile Sensitivity Score form. The least square mean will be calculated for this measure." (NCT03965039)
Timeframe: 2 weeks
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Marketed Stannous Fluoride Toothpaste | 22.70 |
| Marketed Potassium Nitrate Toothpaste | 18.57 |
| Marketed Sodium Monofluorophosphate Toothpaste | 14.17 |
| Experimental Dipotassium Oxalate Toothpaste | 21.61 |
The Schiff Sensitivity Scale will be assessed for each test tooth via an evaporative air challenge. The examiner will record the Schiff Index score corresponding to the response to the air challenge. The Schiff Index Sensitivity scale is scored as follows- 0: tooth/subject did not respond to stimulus, 1: tooth/subject responds to stimulus, but does not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2: tooth/subject responds to stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves form stimulus, 3: tooth/subject responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful, and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. The higher the Schiff score, the more sensitive the tooth. The least square mean will be calculated for this measure. All subjects will have been on three weeks use of a marketed sodium monofluophosphate toothpaste (from week 8 to week 11). (NCT03965039)
Timeframe: 11 weeks
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Marketed Stannous Fluoride Toothpaste | 1.32 |
| Marketed Potassium Nitrate Toothpaste | 1.40 |
| Marketed Sodium Monofluorophosphate Toothpaste | 2.18 |
| Experimental Dipotassium Oxalate Toothpaste | 1.32 |
The Schiff Sensitivity Scale will be assessed for each test tooth via an evaporative air challenge. The examiner will record the Schiff Index score corresponding to the response to the air challenge. The Schiff Index Sensitivity scale is scored as follows- 0: tooth/subject did not respond to stimulus, 1: tooth/subject responds to stimulus, but does not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2: tooth/subject responds to stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves form stimulus, 3: tooth/subject responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful, and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. The higher the Schiff score, the more sensitive the tooth. (NCT03965039)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Marketed Stannous Fluoride Toothpaste | 2.45 |
| Marketed Potassium Nitrate Toothpaste | 2.40 |
| Marketed Sodium Monofluorophosphate Toothpaste | 2.52 |
| Experimental Dipotassium Oxalate Toothpaste | 2.45 |
"Tactile Threshold will be measured using a Yeaple probe. Testing is performed beginning at 10 g. The examiner records tactile scores for responding teeth. After treatment, testing begins at 10 g and increases by 10 g to a maximum of 50 g. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. Each successive challenge increases until a yes response is repeated. If a second yes is not obtained, the force setting is increased to the next step and continued until a force is found which elicits two consecutive yes responses and will be recorded as the threshold on the Tactile Sensitivity Score form. The least square mean will be calculated for this measure. All subjects will have been on three weeks use of a marketed sodium monofluorophosphate toothpaste (from week 8 to week 11)." (NCT03965039)
Timeframe: 11 weeks
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Marketed Stannous Fluoride Toothpaste | 24.75 |
| Marketed Potassium Nitrate Toothpaste | 21.92 |
| Marketed Sodium Monofluorophosphate Toothpaste | 12.71 |
| Experimental Dipotassium Oxalate Toothpaste | 24.85 |
The Schiff Sensitivity Scale will be assessed for each test tooth via an evaporative air challenge. The examiner will record the Schiff Index score corresponding to the response to the air challenge. The Schiff Index Sensitivity scale is scored as follows- 0: tooth/subject did not respond to stimulus, 1: tooth/subject responds to stimulus, but does not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2: tooth/subject responds to stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves form stimulus, 3: tooth/subject responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful, and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. The higher the Schiff score, the more sensitive the tooth. The least square mean will be calculated for this measure. (NCT03965039)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Marketed Stannous Fluoride Toothpaste | 1.17 |
| Marketed Potassium Nitrate Toothpaste | 1.48 |
| Marketed Sodium Monofluorophosphate Toothpaste | 2.26 |
| Experimental Dipotassium Oxalate Toothpaste | 1.39 |
"Tactile Threshold will be measured using a Yeaple probe. Testing is performed beginning at 10 g. The examiner records tactile scores for responding teeth. After treatment, testing begins at 10 g and increases by 10 g to a maximum of 50 g. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. Each successive challenge increases until a yes response is repeated. If a second yes is not obtained, the force setting is increased to the next step and continued until a force is found which elicits two consecutive yes responses and will be recorded as the threshold on the Tactile Sensitivity Score form. The least square mean will be calculated for this measure." (NCT03965039)
Timeframe: 8 weeks
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Marketed Stannous Fluoride Toothpaste | 29.30 |
| Marketed Potassium Nitrate Toothpaste | 27.45 |
| Marketed Sodium Monofluorophosphate Toothpaste | 13.45 |
| Experimental Dipotassium Oxalate Toothpaste | 28.49 |
"Tactile Threshold will be measured using a Yeaple probe. Testing is performed beginning at 10 g. The examiner records tactile scores for responding teeth. After treatment, testing begins at 10 g and increases by 10 g to a maximum of 50 g. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. Each successive challenge increases until a yes response is repeated. If a second yes is not obtained, the force setting is increased to the next step and continued until a force is found which elicits two consecutive yes responses and will be recorded as the threshold on the Tactile Sensitivity Score form. The least square mean will be calculated for this measure." (NCT03965039)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Marketed Stannous Fluoride Toothpaste | 26.76 |
| Marketed Potassium Nitrate Toothpaste | 22.76 |
| Marketed Sodium Monofluorophosphate Toothpaste | 13.93 |
| Experimental Dipotassium Oxalate Toothpaste | 25.06 |
The Schiff Sensitivity Scale will be assessed for each test tooth via an evaporative air challenge. The examiner will record the Schiff Index score corresponding to the response to the air challenge. The Schiff Index Sensitivity scale is scored as follows- 0: tooth/subject did not respond to stimulus, 1: tooth/subject responds to stimulus, but does not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2: tooth/subject responds to stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves form stimulus, 3: tooth/subject responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful, and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. The higher the Schiff score, the more sensitive the tooth. The least square mean will be calculated for this measure. (NCT03965039)
Timeframe: 3 days
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Marketed Stannous Fluoride Toothpaste | 1.93 |
| Marketed Potassium Nitrate Toothpaste | 2.05 |
| Marketed Sodium Monofluorophosphate Toothpaste | 2.36 |
| Experimental Dipotassium Oxalate Toothpaste | 1.88 |
The Schiff Sensitivity Scale will be assessed for each test tooth via an evaporative air challenge. The examiner will record the Schiff Index score corresponding to the response to the air challenge. The Schiff Index Sensitivity scale is scored as follows- 0: tooth/subject did not respond to stimulus, 1: tooth/subject responds to stimulus, but does not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2: tooth/subject responds to stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves form stimulus, 3: tooth/subject responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful, and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. The higher the Schiff score, the more sensitive the tooth. The least square mean will be calculated for this measure. (NCT03965039)
Timeframe: 2 weeks
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Marketed Stannous Fluoride Toothpaste | 1.44 |
| Marketed Potassium Nitrate Toothpaste | 1.78 |
| Marketed Sodium Monofluorophosphate Toothpaste | 2.24 |
| Experimental Dipotassium Oxalate Toothpaste | 1.61 |
The Schiff Sensitivity Scale will be assessed for each test tooth via an evaporative air challenge. The examiner will record the Schiff Index score corresponding to the response to the air challenge. The Schiff Index Sensitivity scale is scored as follows- 0: tooth/subject did not respond to stimulus, 1: tooth/subject responds to stimulus, but does not request discontinuation of stimulus, 2: tooth/subject responds to stimulus and requests discontinuation or moves form stimulus, 3: tooth/subject responds to stimulus, considers stimulus to be painful, and requests discontinuation of the stimulus. The higher the Schiff score, the more sensitive the tooth. The least square mean will be calculated for this measure. (NCT03965039)
Timeframe: 8 weeks
| Intervention | score on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Marketed Stannous Fluoride Toothpaste | 0.96 |
| Marketed Potassium Nitrate Toothpaste | 1.24 |
| Marketed Sodium Monofluorophosphate Toothpaste | 2.22 |
| Experimental Dipotassium Oxalate Toothpaste | 1.18 |
"Tactile Threshold will be measured using a Yeaple probe. Testing is performed beginning at 10 g. The examiner records tactile scores for responding teeth. After treatment, testing begins at 10 g and increases by 10 g to a maximum of 50 g. The higher the tactile threshold, the less sensitive the tooth. Each successive challenge increases until a yes response is repeated. If a second yes is not obtained, the force setting is increased to the next step and continued until a force is found which elicits two consecutive yes responses and will be recorded as the threshold on the Tactile Sensitivity Score form." (NCT03965039)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Marketed Stannous Fluoride Toothpaste | 10.33 |
| Marketed Potassium Nitrate Toothpaste | 10.50 |
| Marketed Sodium Monofluorophosphate Toothpaste | 11.00 |
| Experimental Dipotassium Oxalate Toothpaste | 10.50 |
BI-to assess bleeding elicited on probing as a measure of gingival condition. Gingivae were air dried and examiner assessed bleeding using a probe which was gently inserted into gingival crevice to depth of app 1 mm and run around tooth (angle of app 60 deg to long axis of tooth), gently stretching epithelium while sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along sulcular epithelium. BI assessed on facial and lingual gingival surfaces of each scorable tooth (7in each arch). 3 scores were recorded buccally/ labially, 3scores lingually/ palatally. All scorable teeth in one quadrant were probed first (app 30 sec) before recording number of gingival units which bled. Values presented as means across all tooth surfaces with minimum and maximum scores in agreement with minimum and maximum index values (i.e.,0-2). BI score:0=no bleeding after 30 sec, 1=bleeding upon probing after 30 sec,2=immediate bleeding observed. Lower scores indicate better results. (NCT04123665)
Timeframe: At Week 12
| Intervention | Score on scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Experimental Test Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice | 0.11 |
| Control Sodium Monofluorophosphate Dentifrice | 0.23 |
MGI-to assess gingivitis symptoms on facial, lingual surfaces of each scorable tooth(7in each arch).2 scores recorded buccally/labially(papilla,margin),2lingually/palatally(papilla,margin).Participants stratified based upon gender and baseline MGI score(Low:<=2.00,High:>2.00).Whole mouth mean of MGI calculated by-taking average overall tooth sites assessed;to compare magnitude of differences in two strata.MGI scoring:0=absence of inflammation, 1=mild inflammation;slight change in color,little change in color;little change in texture of any portion of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,2=mild inflammation;criteria as above plus the entire marginal or papillar gingival unit,3=moderate inflammation;glazing,redness,edema,and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,4=severe inflammation;marked redness,edema and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,spontaneous bleeding,congestion or ulceration. Lower scores indicate better results. (NCT04123665)
Timeframe: At Week 12 and Week 24
| Intervention | Score on scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| At week 12 with baseline MGI <=2.00 | At week 24 with baseline MGI <=2.00 | |
| Control Sodium Monofluorophosphate Dentifrice | 1.74 | 1.60 |
| Experimental Test Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice | 1.26 | 1.29 |
BI-to assess bleeding elicited on probing as measure of gingival condition.Gingivae were air dried,examiner assessed bleeding using probe gently inserted into gingival crevice to depth of app.1mm and run around tooth(at angle of app.60deg to long axis of tooth),gently stretching epithelium while sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along sulcular epithelium.BI assessed on facial,lingual gingival surfaces of each scorable tooth(7in each arch).3scores recorded buccally/labially and 3lingually/palatally. All scorable teeth in 1quadrant probed first(app.30sec)before recording number of gingival units which bled.Participants stratified based upon gender and baseline MGI score(Low:<=2.00,High: >2.00).Whole mouth mean of BI calculated by-taking average overall tooth sites assessed;to compare magnitude of differences in two strata.BI scoring:0=no bleeding after 30sec,1=bleeding upon probing after 30sec,2=immediate bleeding observed. Lower scores- better results. (NCT04123665)
Timeframe: At Week 12 and Week 24
| Intervention | Score on scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| At week 12 with baseline MGI <=2.00 | At week 24 with baseline MGI <=2.00 | |
| Control Sodium Monofluorophosphate Dentifrice | 0.21 | 0.16 |
| Experimental Test Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice | 0.11 | 0.10 |
MGI-to assess gingivitis symptoms on facial, lingual surfaces of each scorable tooth(7in each arch).2 scores recorded buccally/labially(papilla,margin),2lingually/palatally(papilla,margin).Participants stratified based upon gender and baseline MGI score(Low:<=2.00,High:>2.00).Whole mouth mean of MGI calculated by-taking average overall tooth sites assessed;to compare magnitude of differences in two strata.MGI scoring:0=absence of inflammation, 1=mild inflammation;slight change in color,little change in color;little change in texture of any portion of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,2=mild inflammation;criteria as above plus the entire marginal or papillar gingival unit,3=moderate inflammation;glazing,redness,edema,and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,4=severe inflammation;marked redness,edema and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,spontaneous bleeding,congestion or ulceration. Lower scores indicate better results. (NCT04123665)
Timeframe: At Week 12 and Week 24
| Intervention | Score on scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| At week 12 with baseline MGI >2.00 | At week 24 with baseline MGI >2.00 | |
| Control Sodium Monofluorophosphate Dentifrice | 1.96 | 1.93 |
| Experimental Test Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice | 1.54 | 1.57 |
BI-to assess bleeding elicited on probing as measure of gingival condition.Gingivae were air dried,examiner assessed bleeding using probe gently inserted into gingival crevice to depth of app.1mm and run around tooth(at angle of app.60deg to long axis of tooth),gently stretching epithelium while sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along sulcular epithelium.BI assessed on facial,lingual gingival surfaces of each scorable tooth(7in each arch).3scores recorded buccally/labially and 3lingually/palatally. All scorable teeth in 1quadrant probed first(app.30sec)before recording number of gingival units which bled.Participants stratified based upon gender and baseline MGI score(Low:<=2.00,High: >2.00).Whole mouth mean of BI calculated by-taking average overall tooth sites assessed;to compare magnitude of differences in two strata.BI scoring:0=no bleeding after 30sec,1=bleeding upon probing after 30sec,2=immediate bleeding observed. Lower scores- better results. (NCT04123665)
Timeframe: At Week 12 and Week 24
| Intervention | Score on scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| At week 12 with baseline MGI >2.00 | At week 24 with baseline MGI >2.00 | |
| Control Sodium Monofluorophosphate Dentifrice | 0.25 | 0.21 |
| Experimental Test Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice | 0.11 | 0.12 |
BI-to assess bleeding elicited on probing as a measure of gingival condition. Gingivae were air dried and examiner assessed bleeding using a probe which was gently inserted into gingival crevice to depth of approximately(app)1millimeter(mm)and run around tooth(angle of app60[degrees(deg)] to long axis of tooth), gently stretching epithelium while sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along sulcular epithelium. BI assessed on facial and lingual gingival surfaces of each scorable tooth(7in each arch). 3scores were recorded buccally/labially,3scores lingually/palatally. All scorable teeth in one quadrant were probed first(app30seconds[sec])before recording number of gingival units which bled. Values presented as means across all tooth surfaces with minimum and maximum scores in agreement with minimum and maximum index values(i.e.,0-2).BI score:0=no bleeding after30sec,1=bleeding upon probing after30sec,2=immediate bleeding observed. Lower scores indicate better results. (NCT04123665)
Timeframe: At Week 24
| Intervention | Score on scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Experimental Test Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice | 0.11 |
| Control Sodium Monofluorophosphate Dentifrice | 0.19 |
Number of gingival bleeding sites were measured as part of bleeding index via a single examiner using a color-coded periodontal probe. The probe was engaged approximately 1 mm into the gingival crevice. A moderate pressure was used whilst sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along the sulcular epithelium. For each participant, the scoring system used to measure bleeding sites is as follows: 0= no bleeding after 30 sec, 1= bleeding upon probing after 30 sec, 2= immediate bleeding observed. Lower bleeding sites indicate better results. (NCT04123665)
Timeframe: At Week 12 and Week 24
| Intervention | Number of bleeding sites (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| At week 12 | At week 24 | |
| Control Sodium Monofluorophosphate Dentifrice | 23.92 | 20.19 |
| Experimental Test Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice | 12.26 | 12.69 |
Turesky Modification of Quigley Hein Plaque Index-to assess plaque on all gradable teeth. Participants rinsed the plaque in dye solution of 5milliliters(mL)of solution for 10 sec, then expectorated and rinsed with 10 mL of water for 10 sec and then expectorated again. Plaque was assessed with each tooth being divided into 6 areas including mesiofacial, facial, distofacial, mesiolingual, lingual and distolingual surfaces. Values presented as means across all tooth surfaces with minimum and maximum scores in agreement with minimum and maximum index values (i.e.,0-5). Disclosed plaque scored as:0=no plaque, 1=slight flecks of plaque at the cervical margin of the tooth,2=a thin continuous band of plaque (1mm or smaller) at the cervical margin of the tooth, 3=a band of plaque wider than 1mm but covering less than 1/3 of the area, 4=plaque covering at least 1/3 but less than 2/3 of the area,5=plaque covering 2/3 or more of the crown of the tooth. Lower scores indicate better results. (NCT04123665)
Timeframe: At Week 12 and Week 24
| Intervention | Score on scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall analysis at week 12 | Overall analysis at week 24 | Interproximal analysis at week 12 | Interproximal analysis at week 24 | |
| Control Sodium Monofluorophosphate Dentifrice | 2.90 | 2.83 | 3.05 | 3.00 |
| Experimental Test Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice | 2.60 | 2.56 | 2.82 | 2.78 |
MGI- to assess visual symptoms of gingivitis on facial and lingual surfaces of each scorable tooth (7 in each arch). 2scores recorded buccally/labially, 2scores lingually/palatally. Values presented as means across all tooth surfaces with minimum and maximum scores in agreement with minimum and maximum index values (i.e.,0-4). Scoring was performed using standard dental light:0=absence of inflammation,1=mild inflammation;slight change in color,little change in color; little change in texture of any portion of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,2=mild inflammation; criteria as above plus the entire marginal or papillar gingival unit,3=moderate inflammation;glazing, redness, edema, and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,4=severe inflammation; marked redness, edema and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,spontaneous bleeding,congestion,or ulceration. Lower scores indicate better results. (NCT04123665)
Timeframe: At Week 12 and Week 24
| Intervention | Score on scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| At week 12 | At week 24 | |
| Control Sodium Monofluorophosphate Dentifrice | 1.87 | 1.78 |
| Experimental Test Stannous Fluoride Dentifrice | 1.43 | 1.46 |
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule |
| acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. | 2.95 | 4 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent |
| acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H). | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent |
| ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. | 5.32 | 4 | 3 | azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant |
| arsenic acid arsenic acid: RN given refers to orthoarsenic acid(H3AsO4); see also sodium arsenate. arsenic acid : An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | arsenic oxoacid | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor |
| carbamates [no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | amino-acid anion | |
| choline [no description available] | 2.62 | 3 | 0 | cholines | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. | 13.17 | 47 | 20 | tricarboxylic acid | antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. | 5.37 | 14 | 1 | halide anion; monoatomic chlorine | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | mouse metabolite |
| 4-nitrophenylphosphate nitrophenylphosphate: RN given refers to mono(4-nitrophenyl) ester of phosphoric acid. 4-nitrophenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with 4-nitrophenol. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aryl phosphate | mouse metabolite |
| trimetaphosphoric acid trimetaphosphoric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclotriphosphoric acid : The cyclic anhydride of triphosphoric acid. | 5.95 | 4 | 2 | cyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; inorganic heterocyclic compound; phosphorus oxoacid | |
| lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 5.92 | 9 | 3 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
| formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy | 5.7 | 6 | 1 | aldehyde; one-carbon compound | allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| glycine [no description available] | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical |
| glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | alditol; triol | algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent |
| carbonic acid Carbonic Acid: Carbonic acid (H2C03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form of its salts (carbonates), acid salts (hydrogen carbonates), amines (carbamic acid), and acid chlorides (carbonyl chloride). (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 3.46 | 1 | 1 | carbon oxoacid; chalcocarbonic acid | mouse metabolite |
| hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | carbon oxoanion | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity | antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite |
| iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge.. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | diatomic iodine | nutrient |
| malonic acid malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid | human metabolite |
| methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| melatonin [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; tryptamines | anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger |
| nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | metal allergen; nickel group element atom | epitope; micronutrient |
| nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. | 16.81 | 28 | 11 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | |
| nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | nitrogen oxoacid | protic solvent; reagent |
| nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | human metabolite |
| oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | 4-nitrophenols | human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| triphosphoric acid triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 3.18 | 1 | 0 | acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid | |
| parathion [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide | acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite |
| phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom. | 3.4 | 2 | 0 | phosphoric acids | algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent |
| diphosphoric acid diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid. | 5.15 | 3 | 1 | acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'. | 7.04 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines | environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate | coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). | 6.94 | 1 | 0 | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid | cofactor; fundamental metabolite |
| urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 8.24 | 6 | 0 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils. | 2 | 1 | 0 | p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol | volatile oil component |
| alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups. | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound | bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor |
| aluminum fluoride [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | aluminium coordination entity | |
| benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite |
| beta-glycerophosphoric acid beta-glycerophosphoric acid: plays role in mineralization of bone in vitro. glycerol 2-phosphate : A glycerol monophosphate having the phosphate group at the 2-position. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | glycerol monophosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite |
| cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges. | 5.82 | 6 | 4 | pyridinium ion | |
| eucalyptol [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dibucaine Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound | topical anaesthetic |
| ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide | bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant |
| diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | N-carbamoylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine | |
| erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces. | 8.78 | 2 | 1 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator |
| carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound | ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore |
| ipriflavone ipriflavone : A member of the class of isoflavones that is isoflavone in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by an isopropoxy group. A synthetic isoflavone, it was formerly used for the treatment of osteoporosis, although a randomised controlled study failed to show any benefit. It is still used to prevent osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; isoflavones | bone density conservation agent |
| ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2. | 2 | 1 | 0 | benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid. | 2 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates | flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite |
| neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. | 3.02 | 5 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| 4-phenylbutyric acid 4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. | 6.19 | 6 | 6 | inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt | fertilizer |
| procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent. | 7.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide | environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic |
| sanguinarine benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | alkaloid antibiotic; benzophenanthridine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent | |
| sodium fluoride [no description available] | 19.62 | 271 | 94 | fluoride salt | mutagen |
| iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom. | 2.33 | 2 | 0 | haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound | alkylating agent |
| succinylcholine Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion; succinate ester | drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent |
| sulfanilamide [no description available] | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| triclosan [no description available] | 9.21 | 21 | 16 | aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols | antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic |
| trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent. | 6.92 | 1 | 0 | oxazolidinone | anticonvulsant; geroprotector |
| zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions. | 3.76 | 2 | 1 | inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity | astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid |
| sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol). | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | glucitol | cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidone | hyperglycemic agent; metabolite |
| thymidine [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group. | 3.74 | 2 | 1 | 4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine | antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| norethindrone acetate norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; terminal acetylenic compound | progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| fluprednisolone Fluprednisolone: A synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | fluorinated steroid | |
| triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM. | 6.87 | 111 | 0 | dialkyl phosphate | |
| alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite |
| serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. | 8.74 | 2 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor |
| physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. | 3.72 | 11 | 0 | carbamate ester; indole alkaloid | antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic |
| sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 7.75 | 12 | 6 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid | drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist |
| adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector |
| tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine | EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties. | 3.5 | 1 | 1 | organic chloride salt | acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer |
| phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions. | 6.92 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid; colchicine | anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen |
| norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol | progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| triaziquone Triaziquone: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.. triaziquone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; aziridines | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| mannitol [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | mannitol | allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent |
| tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan | antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 14.19 | 47 | 33 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalkanoic acid | human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent |
| fluoxymesterone Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; fluorinated steroid | anabolic agent; antineoplastic agent |
| tabun tabun: proposed as military nerve gas and exptl cholinesterase inhibitor; extremely poisonous; structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424) | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | primary amino compound; triol | buffer |
| triethyl phosphate triethyl phosphate: structure. triethyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the triethy ester derivative of phosphoric acid. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | trialkyl phosphate | |
| xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues. | 10.5 | 8 | 2 | ||
| thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | monoterpenoid; phenols | volatile oil component |
| 2-naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | naphthylamine | carcinogenic agent |
| benzothiophene [no description available] | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzothiophenes; benzothiophene | |
| soman Soman: An organophosphorus compound that inhibits cholinesterase. It causes seizures and has been used as a chemical warfare agent. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | phosphonic ester | |
| styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound | mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite |
| nicotinyl alcohol Nicotinyl Alcohol: Alcohol analog of NICOTINIC ACID which is a direct-acting peripheral vasodilator that causes flushing and may decrease blood pressure. It is used in vasospasm and threatened GANGRENE.. 3-pyridinemethanol : A member of the class of pyridines that is pyridine which is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 3 . | 3.35 | 1 | 1 | aromatic primary alcohol; pyridines | antilipemic drug; vasodilator agent |
| sarin Sarin: An organophosphorus ester compound that produces potent and irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase. It is toxic to the nervous system and is a chemical warfare agent.. isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate : A phosphinic ester that is the isopropyl ester of methylphosphonofluoridic acid.. sarin : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-sarin. A potent and irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase that is toxic to the nervous system and is employed as a chemical warfare agent. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | fluorine molecular entity; phosphinic ester | |
| tetraethyl pyrophosphate tetraethyl pyrophosphate: topical agent for glaucoma; structure | 7.33 | 2 | 0 | organic diphosphate | |
| maleic anhydride Maleic Anhydrides: Used in copolymerization reactions, in the Diels-Alder(diene)synthesis, in the preparation of resins, pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. It is a powerful irritant and causes burns.. maleic anhydride : A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of maleic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; furans | allergen |
| cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton. | 2 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol | solvent |
| pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | pyrrole; secondary amine | |
| thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring. | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| glycofurol [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | poly(ethylene glycol) | |
| potassium cyanide [no description available] | 6.92 | 1 | 0 | cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt | EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin |
| diazooxonorleucine Diazooxonorleucine: An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; diazo compound; ketone; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | analgesic; antibacterial agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; glutamine antagonist |
| acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene | genotoxin |
| cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent. | 2.35 | 2 | 0 | isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| thiazoles [no description available] | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions. | 7.1 | 1 | 0 | diazine; pyrimidines | Daphnia magna metabolite |
| ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively. | 6.92 | 1 | 0 | phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines | bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| paraoxon [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite |
| diazomethane Diazomethane: A diazonium compound with the formula CH2N2.. diazomethane : The simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | diazo compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; poison |
| perfluorooctanoic acid perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalkanoic acid | carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; surfactant; xenobiotic |
| citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; citrulline | Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| perfluorobutyric acid perfluorobutyric acid: ion pairing reagent; RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorobutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is perfluorinated butyric acid. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalkanoic acid | chromatographic reagent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3. | 15.02 | 57 | 39 | calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound | antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent |
| adenosine phosphosulfate Adenosine Phosphosulfate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with sulfuric acid. The initial compound formed by the action of ATP sulfurylase on sulfate ions after sulfate uptake. Synonyms: adenosine sulfatophosphate; APS.. 5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine 5'-phosphate having a sulfo group attached to one the phosphate OH groups. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | acyl monophosphate; acyl sulfate; adenosine 5'-phosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension. | 6.92 | 1 | 0 | ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative | dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| dibutoline dibutoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2941 | 6.92 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | carbodiimide | ATP synthase inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; peptide coupling reagent |
| strontium acetate [no description available] | 7.71 | 8 | 8 | ||
| potassium citrate Potassium Citrate: A powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally, and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenisher.. potassium citrate (anhydrous) : The anhydrous form of the tripotassium salt of citric acid. | 4.91 | 4 | 2 | potassium salt | diuretic |
| phenylglyoxal [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | phenylacetaldehydes | |
| durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH). | 9.11 | 14 | 4 | ||
| potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alkali metal hydroxide | |
| sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | alkali metal hydroxide | |
| zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | zinc molecular entity | |
| hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond. | 8.18 | 6 | 0 | hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| flurandrenolone Flurandrenolone: A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733) | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | 21-hydroxy steroid | |
| tetrabutylammonium tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | fluorescein isothiocyanate | |
| mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose | metabolite |
| dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol | chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent |
| carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | carbon oxoanion | |
| olaflur Olaflur: cariostatic agent | 6.16 | 9 | 4 | ||
| sodium metasilicate sodium metasilicate: RN given refers to silicic acid, di-Na salt. sodium silicate : An inorganic sodium salt having silicate as the counterion. | 5.82 | 2 | 2 | inorganic sodium salt | |
| tetrapotassium pyrophosphate [no description available] | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | ||
| dysprosium Dysprosium: An element of the rare earth family that has the atomic symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and atomic weight 162.50. Dysprosium is a silvery metal used primarily in the form of various salts. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | elemental manganese; manganese group element atom | Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient |
| molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase. | 3.19 | 6 | 0 | chromium group element atom | micronutrient |
| neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| neon Neon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic neon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom | |
| praseodymium Praseodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pr, atomic number 59, and atomic weight 140.91. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM. | 7.44 | 2 | 0 | iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| samarium Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA. | 7.03 | 1 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental silver | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| thorium Thorium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography. | 2.33 | 2 | 0 | actinoid atom; f-block element atom | |
| thulium Thulium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. | 3.47 | 7 | 0 | titanium group element atom | |
| chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24. | 3.33 | 7 | 0 | chromium group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| erbium Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| holmium Holmium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ho, atomic number 67, and atomic weight 164.93. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| ytterbium Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aluminium coordination entity | Lewis acid |
| mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | mercury coordination entity | sensitiser |
| phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available] | 5.33 | 7 | 2 | sodium phosphate | |
| perchloric acid [no description available] | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | chlorine oxoacid | |
| sodium pyrophosphate sodium pyrophosphate: RN refers to diphosphoric acid, tetra-Na salt; structure. sodium diphosphate : An inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations. More commonly known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt. | 4.64 | 3 | 2 | inorganic sodium salt | chelator; food emulsifier; food thickening agent |
| barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate | radioopaque medium |
| potassium nitrate potassium nitrate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-HNO3; when combined with charcoal and sulfur it can form EXPLOSIVE AGENTS. potassium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium. | 11.38 | 20 | 10 | inorganic nitrate salt; potassium salt | fertilizer |
| calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous: molecular formula CaHPO(4), DCPA=dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; don't confuse with dichloropropionanilide which also is called DCPA; MW=136.06; has greater surface area and lower pH than DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate); occurs in nature as monetite; an intermediate in preparing hydroxyapatite | 8.79 | 10 | 4 | calcium phosphate | |
| calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, monobasic: MW 234.05 | 7.5 | 9 | 3 | calcium phosphate | fertilizer |
| tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues. | 11.84 | 35 | 15 | calcium phosphate | |
| silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM. | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt | astringent |
| fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries. | 7.44 | 48 | 1 | diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity | bleaching agent |
| magnesium fluoride [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fluorine monoxide [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | oxygen halide | |
| lead fluoride lead fluoride: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | ||
| zinc fluoride [no description available] | 3.46 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ferric fluoride [no description available] | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| molybdate ion molybdate : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from molybdic acid | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; molybdenum oxoanion | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| calcium pyrophosphate Calcium Pyrophosphate: An inorganic pyrophosphate which affects calcium metabolism in mammals. Abnormalities in its metabolism occur in some human diseases, notably HYPOPHOSPHATASIA and pseudogout (CHONDROCALCINOSIS). | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | calcium phosphate | |
| poloxalene Poloxalene: A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.. pluronic : A triblock copolymer composed of a central hydrophobic chain of poly(propylene oxide) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide). | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | epoxide | |
| aluminum sulfate aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | aluminium sulfate | |
| sodium selenite disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; selenite salt | nutraceutical |
| ammonium fluoride ammonium fluoride : A fluoride salt having ammonium (NH4+) as the counterion. | 6.96 | 1 | 0 | ammonium salt; fluoride salt | |
| thorium nitrate [no description available] | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hydroxymethanediphosphonic acid hydroxymethanediphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) | |
| tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator |
| hexafluorosilicate hexafluorosilicate: structure | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | silicon coordination entity | |
| fluoroboric acid [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | boron fluoride | |
| fluorides [no description available] | 23.08 | 1,340 | 203 | halide anion; monoatomic fluorine | |
| chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation | |
| iodine [no description available] | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic iodine | human metabolite |
| phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group. | 7.15 | 1 | 0 | L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine | Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen |
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 8.12 | 12 | 9 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| aluminum oxide hydroxide aluminum oxide hydroxide: RN given refers to Al2O3.xH2O | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | aluminium hydroxides; aluminium oxides | |
| sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid). | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen |
| azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3. | 2.62 | 3 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor |
| octenidine [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | dihydropyridine | |
| raloxifene hydrochloride Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride. | 3.4 | 1 | 1 | hydrochloride | bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| dolomite calcium magnesium carbonate: mineral recommended by lay periodicals as a desirable source of calcium & magnesium, but found to be also a source of potentially toxic heavy metals | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound | fluorochrome; histological dye |
| cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate: acetylcholinesterase inhibitor | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| perfluorohexanoic acid perfluorohexanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is perfluorinated hexanoic acid. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalkanoic acid | environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162) | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | 2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose | |
| zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position. | 7.1 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles | bone density conservation agent |
| dicolinium iodide dicolin: RN given refers to diiodide; structure | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sesamin (+)-sesamin : A lignan that consists of tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by 1,3-benzodioxole groups at positions 1 and 4 (the 1S,3aR,4S,6aR stereoisomer). Isolated from Cinnamomum camphora, it exhibits cytotoxic activity. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles; furofuran; lignan | antineoplastic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate: Molecular formula CaHPO(4)-2(H2O) | 5.57 | 4 | 4 | calcium salt; hydrate | |
| acrylodan [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | proanthocyanidin | |
| phosphites Phosphites: Inorganic salts or organic esters of phosphorous acid that contain the (3-)PO3 radical. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). phosphite(3-) : A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from phosphorous acid. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | phosphite ion; trivalent inorganic anion | |
| proanthocyanidin proanthocyanidin: RN given refers to proanthocyanidin A; Cannabinoid Receptor CB1 antagonist. proanthocyanidin : A flavonoid oligomer obtained by the the condensation of two or more units of hydroxyflavans. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| carboxypolymethylene carbomer: high molecular polyanionic substance | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3,5-difluorotyrosine [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | ||
| titanium tetrafluoride [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dehydroacetic acid [no description available] | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ketone; pyran-2,4-dione | antibacterial agent; fungicide; plasticiser |
| perchlorate perchlorate: the explosive component of rocket fuel; an environmental contaminant that disrupts THYROID HORMONES. perchlorate : A monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perchloric acid. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion | |
| octacalcium phosphate octacalcium phosphate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ca4-(H3PO4)3; see also record for synthos (beta-tricalcium phosphate) & calcium phosphate | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 2-benzyl-3-formylpropanoic acid 2-benzyl-3-formylpropanoic acid: competitive inhibitor of carboxypeptidase A; structure given in first source | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hypothiocyanite ion hypothiocyanite ion: structure | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| aspartame [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic acid; dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; methyl ester | apoptosis inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; micronutrient; nutraceutical; sweetening agent; xenobiotic |
| proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| calcium aluminate [no description available] | 4.13 | 3 | 1 | ||
| strontium phosphate strontium phosphate: RN given refers to Sr salt without specified ratio | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | ||
| calcium pyrophosphate [no description available] | 7.5 | 9 | 3 | ||
| rhenanite rhenanite: a ceramic used in the preparation of bioactive glass composites | 4.98 | 2 | 1 | ||
| iron (3+) oxalate Sensodyne: a commercial dentifrice; contains 5% potassium nitrate, 0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate in a dicalcium phosphate dihydrate base | 5.44 | 5 | 3 | ||
| biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | biotins; vitamin B7 | coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 3.18 | 6 | 0 | ||
| organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion | |
| chlorite [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion | |
| benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring. | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acivicin [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound | antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite |
| tartaric acid tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | tartaric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate : The phosphoramadite analogue of AMP. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | organic phosphoramidate | Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed) | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | retinol; vitamin A | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | octadec-9-enoic acid | antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent |
| dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015) | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | actinomycin | mutagen |
| sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions. | 5.8 | 4 | 2 | one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt | antacid; food anticaking agent |
| sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| sorbic acid Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; sorbic acid | |
| pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups. | 8.86 | 20 | 10 | diphosphate ion | |
| thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas | antioxidant; chromophore |
| lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine [no description available] | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | phosphatidyl-L-serine | |
| calixarenes Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-fluoro-adp [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate. | 6.5 | 13 | 4 | organic sodium salt | detergent; protein denaturant |
| alizarin red s Alizarin Red S: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. alizarin red S : An organic sodium salt having 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate as the counterion. It is commonly used to stain embryo skeletons in cleared whole mounts, usually of small mammals. | 3.48 | 1 | 1 | organic sodium salt; organosulfonate salt | histological dye |
| alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side. | 8.32 | 7 | 0 | ||
| naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups. | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors. | 2.34 | 2 | 0 | ||
| vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D | bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide |
| gamma-cyclodextrin gamma-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of eight alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
| lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom | neurotoxin |
| tin [no description available] | 8.19 | 6 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom | micronutrient |
| aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98. | 3.57 | 9 | 0 | boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom | |
| strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62. | 16.19 | 22 | 10 | alkaline earth metal atom | |
| arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 3.05 | 4 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | micronutrient |
| gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq. | 7.01 | 1 | 0 | boron group element atom | |
| sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
| phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. | 9.17 | 36 | 3 | monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen | macronutrient |
| boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY. | 2.86 | 4 | 0 | boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom | micronutrient |
| selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | micronutrient |
| radium Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom | |
| oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure. | 2.64 | 3 | 0 | ||
| chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge. | 12.28 | 11 | 4 | biguanides; monochlorobenzenes | antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent |
| mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11). | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent |
| zeolites [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories. | 5.93 | 7 | 4 | ||
| phosphoramidite phosphoramidite: structure in first source. phosphoramidite : A compound with the general formula (RO)2PNR2. Phosphoramidites can be regarded as phosphites that have an NR2 instead of an OH group, or as amides of phosphorous acid. | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | ||
| fluorapatite fluorapatite: RN refers to fluorapatite [Ca5F(PO4)3]). apatite : A phosphate mineral with the general formula Ca5(PO4)3X where X = OH, F or Cl.. fluorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3F. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
| cariprazine cariprazine: Structure in first source. cariprazine : An N-alkylpiperazine that is N,N-dimethyl-N'-{trans-4-[2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]cyclohexyl}urea substituted at position 4 on the piperazine ring by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group. Used (as the hydrochloride salt) for treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| flubendiamide flubendiamide: activates ryanodine-sensitive calcium release channels in insects; structure in first source | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine insecticide | ryanodine receptor modulator |
| granite granite: crystalline rock of quartz, orthoclase, muscovite & biotite | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | triazolopyrimidines | |
| acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2. | 4.54 | 8 | 0 | ||
| nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| calcitonin [no description available] | 7 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN. | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | peptide hormone | |
| oligonucleotides [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | glycoside | |
| phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| chitosan [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| ethyl cellulose [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | glycoside | |
| superphosphate superphosphate: RN given refers to normal or enriched superphosphate, MF unknown | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| formylchromone formylchromone: structure in first source | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 2.63 | 3 | 0 | ascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid. | 2 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoate | plant metabolite |
| caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones. | 8.94 | 14 | 3 | ||
| nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents. | 3.19 | 6 | 0 | ||
| hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion. | 3.43 | 1 | 1 | ||
| orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17. | 3.76 | 2 | 1 | ||
| chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate. | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antimetabolite; antiviral drug |
| phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes. | 2.33 | 2 | 0 | ||
| leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tetrafluoroaluminate tetrafluoroaluminate: induces inositol phosphate formation | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| aluminum magnesium silicate aluminum magnesium silicate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified composition | 3.47 | 1 | 1 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dentin Hypersensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 19.84 | 57 | 38 |
| Caries, Dental [description not available] | 0 | 19.28 | 295 | 61 |
| Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp. | 0 | 24.28 | 295 | 61 |
| Demineralization, Tooth [description not available] | 0 | 10.35 | 41 | 10 |
| Dental Fluoroses [description not available] | 0 | 9.4 | 27 | 5 |
| Fluorosis, Dental A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286) | 0 | 9.4 | 27 | 5 |
| Tooth Erosion Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296) | 0 | 7.62 | 26 | 6 |
| Abrasion, Dental [description not available] | 0 | 5.43 | 5 | 1 |
| Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms. | 0 | 16.31 | 89 | 48 |
| Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 10.77 | 22 | 0 |
| Infections, Plasmodium [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthropathies [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Tooth Discoloration Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253) | 0 | 6.79 | 6 | 4 |
| Caries, Cervical [description not available] | 0 | 7.33 | 9 | 1 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 4.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available] | 0 | 8.8 | 20 | 5 |
| Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis. | 0 | 8.8 | 20 | 5 |
| Osteoporotic Fractures Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Halitosis An offensive, foul breath odor resulting from a variety of causes such as poor oral hygiene, dental or oral infections, or the ingestion of certain foods. | 0 | 3.47 | 1 | 1 |
| Poisoning, Fluoride [description not available] | 0 | 4.25 | 19 | 0 |
| Fluoride Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of FLUORIDE compounds. | 0 | 4.25 | 19 | 0 |
| Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscular Atrophy, Spinal A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089) | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Gingivitis Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue. | 0 | 8.99 | 21 | 13 |
| Smear Layer Adherent debris produced when cutting the enamel or dentin in cavity preparation. It is about 1 micron thick and its composition reflects the underlying dentin, although different quantities and qualities of smear layer can be produced by the various instrumentation techniques. Its function is presumed to be protective, as it lowers dentin permeability. However, it masks the underlying dentin and interferes with attempts to bond dental material to the dentin. | 0 | 3.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Disease Exacerbation [description not available] | 0 | 4.93 | 4 | 2 |
| Bone Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Prostate [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Central Hypothyroidism [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Dental Wear [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Calculus, Dental [description not available] | 0 | 8.15 | 23 | 13 |
| Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. | 0 | 4.2 | 2 | 0 |
| Chemically-Induced Disorders Disorders caused by the intentional or unintentional ingestion or exposure to chemical substances such as PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; NOXAE; and PESTICIDES. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Marrow Diseases Diseases involving the BONE MARROW. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Albers-Schoenberg Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Teeth [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Osteopetrosis Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone leading to pathological fractures; OSTEITIS; SPLENOMEGALY with infarct; ANEMIA; and extramedullary hemopoiesis (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY). | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Tooth Diseases Diseases involving the TEETH. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Cancer of Head [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651) | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Dental Leakage The seepage of fluids, debris, and micro-organisms between the walls of a prepared dental cavity and the restoration. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalitis, Polio [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5) | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis [description not available] | 0 | 3.02 | 5 | 0 |
| Myasthenia Gravis A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition. | 0 | 3.02 | 5 | 0 |
| Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) | 0 | 4.23 | 19 | 0 |
| ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Erythema Multiforme A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Diseases, Occupational [description not available] | 0 | 3.03 | 5 | 0 |
| Infections, Nematode [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Insulin Sensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY. | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS. | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Palsy, Athetoid [description not available] | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Palsy A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7) | 0 | 2.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Allergic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. | 0 | 3.04 | 5 | 0 |
| Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Back Ache [description not available] | 0 | 4.35 | 2 | 2 |
| Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available] | 0 | 9.86 | 21 | 14 |
| Hangman Fracture [description not available] | 0 | 7.74 | 9 | 8 |
| Back Pain Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions. | 0 | 4.35 | 2 | 2 |
| Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency. | 0 | 9.86 | 21 | 14 |
| Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column. | 0 | 7.74 | 9 | 8 |
| Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Pericementitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Hemorrhage, Gingival [description not available] | 0 | 6.32 | 7 | 6 |
| Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Gingival Hemorrhage The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY. | 0 | 6.32 | 7 | 6 |
| Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology) | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY). | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Fractures [description not available] | 0 | 7.79 | 12 | 4 |
| Low Bone Density [description not available] | 0 | 5.65 | 5 | 4 |
| Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE. | 0 | 5.65 | 5 | 4 |
| Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones. | 0 | 7.79 | 12 | 4 |
| Dizzyness [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Diseases, Metabolic [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Auditory Hyperesthesia [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Otospongiosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Dizziness An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed) | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Otosclerosis Formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth capsule which can progress toward the STAPES (stapedial fixation) or anteriorly toward the COCHLEA leading to conductive, sensorineural, or mixed HEARING LOSS. Several genes are associated with familial otosclerosis with varied clinical signs. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.43 | 8 | 0 |
| EHS Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 3.43 | 8 | 0 |
| Aura [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313) | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Anoxemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms. | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Eye Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye. | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Koch's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Consumption [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Ocular Tuberculosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye. | 0 | 6.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Abortion, Veterinary Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Calcification, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 4.23 | 7 | 0 |
| Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues. | 0 | 4.23 | 7 | 0 |
| Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment [description not available] | 0 | 2.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Retinal Detachment Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12). | 0 | 7.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Rigor Mortis Muscular rigidity which develops in the cadaver usually from 4 to 10 hours after death and lasts 3 or 4 days. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity. | 0 | 6.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown. | 0 | 3.18 | 6 | 0 |
| Humeral Fractures Fractures of the HUMERUS. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Epulides [description not available] | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Parodontosis [description not available] | 0 | 3.18 | 6 | 0 |
| Gingival Diseases Diseases involving the GINGIVA. | 0 | 2.85 | 4 | 0 |
| Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT. | 0 | 3.18 | 6 | 0 |
| Osteosclerosis An abnormal hardening or increased density of bone tissue. | 0 | 2.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Mucositis, Oral [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Stomatitis INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Spinal Diseases Diseases involving the SPINE. | 0 | 4.95 | 3 | 1 |
| 47,XX,+21 [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Down Syndrome A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Biliary Calculi [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Biliary or Urinary Stones [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Gallstone Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS). | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Gallstones Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Rachitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Alloxan Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Sycosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Folliculitis Inflammation of follicles, primarily hair follicles. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Cervix [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Diseases of Immune System [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Bronchial [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronchial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC). | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Complications, Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Burns, Chemical Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Psychoses, Drug [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Eczema, Atopic [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Bilateral Headache [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Hives [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Emesis [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed). | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 3.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Magnesium [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936) | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Osseous Paget's Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteitis Deformans A disease marked by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair, resulting in weakened, deformed bones of increased mass. The resultant architecture of the bone assumes a mosaic pattern in which the fibers take on a haphazard pattern instead of the normal parallel symmetry. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Myositis, Multiple [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscular Dystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscular Dystrophies A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Myositis Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Polymyositis Diseases characterized by inflammation involving multiple muscles. This may occur as an acute or chronic condition associated with medication toxicity (DRUG TOXICITY); CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; infections; malignant NEOPLASMS; and other disorders. The term polymyositis is frequently used to refer to a specific clinical entity characterized by subacute or slowly progressing symmetrical weakness primarily affecting the proximal limb and trunk muscles. The illness may occur at any age, but is most frequent in the fourth to sixth decade of life. Weakness of pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles, interstitial lung disease, and inflammation of the myocardium may also occur. Muscle biopsy reveals widespread destruction of segments of muscle fibers and an inflammatory cellular response. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1404-9) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Bancroftian Elephantiasis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Elaeophoriasis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Elephantiasis, Filarial Parasitic infestation of the human lymphatic system by WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI or BRUGIA MALAYI. It is also called lymphatic filariasis. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Filariasis Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Heart Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Anterior Optic Neuritis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Optic Neuritis Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Leucocythaemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Contact Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Allergy, Drug [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Chondrodystrophic Myotonia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Apnea A transient absence of spontaneous respiration. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Dental Enamel Hypoplasia An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Angle's Classification [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Malocclusion Such malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth as to interfere with the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982) | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Great Pox [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Syphilis A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Anasarca [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Absence Seizure [description not available] | 0 | 2.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder. | 0 | 7.62 | 3 | 0 |
| Constricted Pupil [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Miosis Pupillary constriction. This may result from congenital absence of the dilatator pupillary muscle, defective sympathetic innervation, or irritation of the CONJUNCTIVA or CORNEA. | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Bouillaud Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Rheumatic Heart Disease Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Bovine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Malnourishment [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available] | 0 | 2.84 | 1 | 0 |
| Psychoses [description not available] | 0 | 2.84 | 1 | 0 |
| Dementia Praecox [description not available] | 0 | 2.84 | 1 | 0 |
| Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence. | 0 | 2.84 | 1 | 0 |
| Psychotic Disorders Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994) | 0 | 2.84 | 1 | 0 |
| Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior. | 0 | 2.84 | 1 | 0 |
| Fracture, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 4.86 | 4 | 2 |
| Ache [description not available] | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 6.46 | 6 | 3 |
| Atrophy of Gingiva [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Kahler Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Convulsions, Grand Mal [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329) | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Pocket, Periodontal [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Asialia [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Periodontal Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption. | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow. | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Complication, Postoperative [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Adult Rickets [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteomalacia Disorder caused by an interruption of the mineralization of organic bone matrix leading to bone softening, bone pain, and weakness. It is the adult form of rickets resulting from disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 1 | 1 |
| Cochlear Hearing Loss [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 1 | 1 |
| Gastric Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 1 | 1 |
| Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). | 0 | 3.36 | 1 | 1 |
| Bone Stress Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries, Leg [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cocarcinogenesis The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Jaw, Edentulous The total absence of teeth from either the mandible or the maxilla, but not both. Total absence of teeth from both is MOUTH, EDENTULOUS. Partial absence of teeth in either is JAW, EDENTULOUS, PARTIALLY. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |