A proliferating cell nuclear antigen that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx]
PCNA;
Cyclin
| Timeframe | Studies on this Protein(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 0 (0.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 1 (100.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Drug | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Publication(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 25.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 3,3',5-triiodothyropropionic acid | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 17.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| thyroxine | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 50.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| triiodothyronine | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 3.6000 | 1 | 1 |
| 3,5-diiodothyronine, (l)-isomer | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 6.3000 | 1 | 1 |
| 3,3'-diiodothyronine | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 50.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 32.0000 | 1 | 1 |
This protein enables 14 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| purine-specific mismatch base pair DNA N-glycosylase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the removal of purines present in mismatches, especially opposite oxidized purines, by cleaving the N-C1' glycosidic bond between the target damaged DNA base and the deoxyribose sugar. The reaction releases a free base and leaves an apurinic (AP) site. [GOC:elh, PMID:9224623] |
| chromatin binding | molecular function | Binding to chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732, PMID:20404130] |
| damaged DNA binding | molecular function | Binding to damaged DNA. [GOC:jl] |
| protein binding | molecular function | Binding to a protein. [GOC:go_curators] |
| enzyme binding | molecular function | Binding to an enzyme, a protein with catalytic activity. [GOC:jl] |
| nuclear estrogen receptor binding | molecular function | Binding to a nuclear estrogen receptor. [GOC:ai] |
| receptor tyrosine kinase binding | molecular function | Binding to a receptor that possesses protein tyrosine kinase activity. [GOC:mah] |
| dinucleotide insertion or deletion binding | molecular function | Binding to a double-stranded DNA region containing a dinucleotide insertion or deletion. [GOC:vk] |
| MutLalpha complex binding | molecular function | Binding to a MutLalpha mismatch repair complex. [GOC:vk] |
| histone acetyltransferase binding | molecular function | Binding to an histone acetyltransferase. [GOC:bf] |
| identical protein binding | molecular function | Binding to an identical protein or proteins. [GOC:jl] |
| protein-containing complex binding | molecular function | Binding to a macromolecular complex. [GOC:jl] |
| DNA polymerase binding | molecular function | Binding to a DNA polymerase. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah] |
| DNA polymerase processivity factor activity | molecular function | An enzyme regulator activity that increases the processivity of polymerization by DNA polymerase, by allowing the polymerase to move rapidly along DNA while remaining topologically bound to it. [GOC:mah, PMID:7903401, PMID:8087839] |
This protein is located in 10 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| chromosome, telomeric region | cellular component | The end of a linear chromosome, required for the integrity and maintenance of the end. A chromosome telomere usually includes a region of telomerase-encoded repeats the length of which rarely exceeds 20 bp each and that permits the formation of a telomeric loop (T-loop). The telomeric repeat region is usually preceded by a sub-telomeric region that is gene-poor but rich in repetitive elements. Some telomeres only consist of the latter part (for eg. D. melanogaster telomeres). [GOC:elh] |
| male germ cell nucleus | cellular component | The nucleus of a male germ cell, a reproductive cell in males. [CL:0000015, GOC:hjd, GOC:mtg_sensu] |
| nucleus | cellular component | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. [GOC:go_curators] |
| nuclear lamina | cellular component | The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments. The polypeptides of the lamina are thought to be concerned in the dissolution of the nuclear envelope and its re-formation during mitosis. The lamina is composed of lamin A and lamin C filaments cross-linked into an orthogonal lattice, which is attached via lamin B to the inner nuclear membrane through interactions with a lamin B receptor, an IFAP, in the membrane. [ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0716731363] |
| nucleoplasm | cellular component | That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0124325653] |
| replication fork | cellular component | The Y-shaped region of a replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684] |
| centrosome | cellular component | A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198547684] |
| nuclear body | cellular component | Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins. [GOC:ma, PMID:10330182] |
| nuclear replication fork | cellular component | The Y-shaped region of a nuclear replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes. [GOC:jl, GOC:mtg_sensu] |
| extracellular exosome | cellular component | A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah, GOC:vesicles, PMID:15908444, PMID:17641064, PMID:19442504, PMID:19498381, PMID:22418571, PMID:24009894] |
This protein is part of 5 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| PCNA complex | cellular component | A protein complex composed of three identical PCNA monomers, each comprising two similar domains, which are joined in a head-to-tail arrangement to form a homotrimer. Forms a ring-like structure in solution, with a central hole sufficiently large to accommodate the double helix of DNA. Originally characterized as a DNA sliding clamp for replicative DNA polymerases and as an essential component of the replisome, and has also been shown to be involved in other processes including Okazaki fragment processing, DNA repair, translesion DNA synthesis, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and cell cycle regulation. [GOC:jl, PMID:12829735] |
| cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex | cellular component | Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are enzyme complexes that contain a kinase catalytic subunit associated with a regulatory cyclin partner. [GOC:krc, PMID:11602261] |
| chromatin | cellular component | The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. [GOC:elh, PMID:20404130] |
| replisome | cellular component | A multi-component enzymatic machine at the replication fork which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins. [GOC:mah, GOC:vw] |
| PCNA-p21 complex | cellular component | A protein complex that contains the cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 bound to PCNA; formation of the complex inhibits DNA replication. [GOC:mah, PMID:7911228, PMID:7915843] |
This protein is involved in 22 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | biological process | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. [GOC:go_curators, GOC:txnOH] |
| base-excision repair, gap-filling | biological process | Repair of the damaged strand by the combined action of an apurinic endouclease that degrades a few bases on the damaged strand and a polymerase that synthesizes a 'patch' in the 5' to 3' direction, using the undamaged strand as a template. [ISBN:1550091131] |
| mismatch repair | biological process | A system for the correction of errors in which an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination. [ISBN:0198506732, PMID:11687886] |
| heart development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. [GOC:jid, UBERON:0000948] |
| translesion synthesis | biological process | The replication of damaged DNA by synthesis across a lesion in the template strand; a specialized DNA polymerase or replication complex inserts a defined nucleotide across from the lesion which allows DNA synthesis to continue beyond the lesion. This process can be mutagenic depending on the damaged nucleotide and the inserted nucleotide. [GOC:elh, GOC:vw, PMID:10535901] |
| epithelial cell differentiation | biological process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium. [GOC:ecd, PMID:11839751] |
| replication fork processing | biological process | The process in which a DNA replication fork that has stalled is restored to a functional state and replication is restarted. The stalling may be due to DNA damage, DNA secondary structure, bound proteins, dNTP shortage, or other causes. [GOC:vw, PMID:11459955, PMID:15367656, PMID:17660542] |
| positive regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid. [GOC:mah] |
| response to estradiol | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0911910123] |
| cellular response to UV | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. [GOC:mah] |
| estrous cycle | biological process | A type of ovulation cycle, which occurs in most mammalian therian females, where the endometrium is resorbed if pregnancy does not occur. [GOC:jl, Wikipedia:Estrous_cycle] |
| positive regulation of DNA repair | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair. [GOC:go_curators] |
| positive regulation of DNA replication | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication. [GOC:go_curators] |
| response to cadmium ion | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus. [GOC:ai] |
| cellular response to hydrogen peroxide | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. [CHEBI:16240, GOC:mah] |
| cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organism exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. [GOC:krc, GOC:mah] |
| response to dexamethasone | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus. [GOC:mah, GOC:yaf] |
| liver regeneration | biological process | The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver. [GOC:gap, PMID:19447520] |
| positive regulation of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity. [GOC:TermGenie] |
| response to L-glutamate | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-glutamate stimulus. [GOC:TermGenie, PMID:23574009] |
| mitotic telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication | biological process | Any telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication that is involved in mitotic cell cycle. [GO_REF:0000060, GOC:TermGenie] |
| leading strand elongation | biological process | The process in which an existing DNA strand is extended continuously in a 5' to 3' direction by activities including the addition of nucleotides to the 3' end of the strand, complementary to an existing template, as part of DNA replication. Leading strand elongation proceeds in the same direction as the replication fork. [GOC:mah, ISBN:071673706X, ISBN:0815316194] |