Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) is a perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) with a molecular formula of C6F13SO3H. It is a colorless, odorless, and highly stable compound. PFHxS is commonly used in various industrial applications, including the production of fluoropolymers, surfactants, and fire retardants. It is also a significant contaminant found in the environment and human tissues.
The synthesis of PFHxS typically involves the fluorination of hexanesulfonic acid using a strong fluorinating agent like fluorine gas or elemental fluorine. This reaction replaces all hydrogen atoms with fluorine atoms, resulting in the highly fluorinated PFHxS molecule.
PFHxS exhibits significant environmental persistence and bioaccumulation. It can persist in the environment for extended periods, with its half-life in water estimated to be several years. Its bioaccumulation potential arises from its high lipid solubility and resistance to biodegradation.
PFHxS has been linked to various adverse health effects, including developmental problems, immune system suppression, and liver toxicity. Studies have shown that PFHxS can accumulate in human tissues, particularly the liver and blood.
Due to its widespread use, environmental persistence, and potential health risks, PFHxS has become a subject of extensive research. Scientists are investigating its environmental fate and transport, its effects on human health, and its potential for remediation.
The study of PFHxS is crucial for understanding its impact on human health and the environment. The information gained from research can be used to develop strategies for mitigating PFHxS contamination and promoting the safe use of PFSA-based products.'
perfluorohexanesulfonic acid : A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is hexane-1-sulfonic acid in which all thirteen of the hydrogens that are attached to carbons have been replaced by fluorines. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 67734 |
| CHEMBL ID | 1906987 |
| CHEBI ID | 132448 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 332726 |
| MeSH ID | M0445675 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| perfluorohexanesulfonic acid |
| 355-46-4 |
| tridecafluorohexane-1-sulfonic acid |
| CHEBI:132448 |
| perfluorohexane sulfonic acid |
| perfluorohexane-1-sulfonic acid |
| 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexane-1-sulfonic acid |
| hsdb 8274 |
| einecs 206-587-1 |
| unii-zu6y1e592s |
| perfluorohexane-1-sulphonic acid |
| 1-hexanesulfonic acid, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluoro- |
| pfhxs |
| zu6y1e592s , |
| AKOS016005064 |
| SCHEMBL332726 |
| CS-B0907 |
| CHEMBL1906987 |
| 1-perfluorohexanesulfonic acid |
| 1-hexanesulfonic acid, tridecafluoro- |
| tridecafluorohexanesulfonic acid |
| DTXSID7040150 , |
| Q26833878 |
| perfluorohexanesulfonic acid 50 microg/ml in methanol/water |
| perfluorohexanesulphonic acid |
| mfcd00042453 |
| AMY7161 |
| perfluorohexanesulfonic acid 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile |
| 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tridecafluorohexane-1-sulfonicacid |
| PD167508 |
Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) is a short-chain perfluoroalkyl substance. It is widely used to replace the banned perfluorooctanesulfonics acid ( PFOS) in different industrial and household products.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) is a short-chain perfluoroalkyl substance widely used to replace the banned perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) in different industrial and household products. " | ( Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) induces oxidative stress and causes developmental toxicities in zebrafish embryos. Tse, WKF; Ulhaq, ZS, 2023) | 3.8 |
| "Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) is a short-chain perfluoroalkyl substance widely used to replace the banned perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) in various industrial and household products. " | ( Insights from metabolomics and transcriptomics studies on Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) exposed zebrafish embryos. Boncan, DAT; Chan, TF; Tse, WKF; Ulhaq, ZS, 2023) | 2.6 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " The human geometric mean serum PFHxS elimination half-life has been estimated to be 2665days." | ( Comparative pharmacokinetics of perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) in rats, mice, and monkeys. Bergman, Å; Butenhoff, JL; Chang, SC; Ehresman, DJ; Gorman, GS; Hart, JA; Noker, PE; Sundström, M, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " In this study, we aimed to (i) develop a two-generation pharmacokinetic model of prenatal and postnatal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS); and to (ii) evaluate it against measured children's levels in two studies." | ( A Simple Pharmacokinetic Model of Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs). Fromme, H; Granum, B; Jensen, ET; Longnecker, MP; Ngueta, G; Nygaard, UC; Verner, MA; Völkel, W, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " In this study, we reconstruct the past human exposure trends in two different regions, USA and Australia, by inferring the historical intake from cross-sectional biomonitoring data of PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS using a population-based pharmacokinetic model." | ( Historical human exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids in the United States and Australia reconstructed from biomonitoring data using population-based pharmacokinetic modelling. Cousins, IT; Gomis, MI; MacLeod, M; Mueller, JF; Vestergren, R, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Due to these impending issues, the aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for PFHxS in male and female rats, and apply this to a human health risk assessment." | ( Sex-specific risk assessment of PFHxS using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Cho, HY; Kim, SJ; Lee, YB; Shin, H, 2018) | 0.48 |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid | An organosulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly attached to a perfluoroalkyl group. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 16 (9.76) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 100 (60.98) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 48 (29.27) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (39.16) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 1 (0.61%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 2 (1.21%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 1 (0.61%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 161 (97.58%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||