Page last updated: 2024-11-06

thyroxine and Behavior Disorders

thyroxine has been researched along with Behavior Disorders in 67 studies

Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.
thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"In congenital hypothyroidism (CH) it has been questioned whether high dose thyroxine replacement therapy has detrimental effects on memory, attention, and behaviour."7.73Congenital hypothyroidism: no adverse effects of high dose thyroxine treatment on adult memory, attention, and behaviour. ( Heyerdahl, S; Kase, BF; Oerbeck, B; Sundet, K, 2005)
"Fifty-three psychiatric patients who had been receiving treatment with lithium continuously for more than two years were examined to estimate the prevalence of lithium-induced hypothyroidism."7.65On the prevalence, diagnosis and management of lithium-induced hypothyroidism in psychiatric patients. ( Lindstedt, G; Nilsson, LA; Ohman, R; Skott, A; Wålinder, J, 1977)
"Subclinical hypothyroidism (also known as compensated hypothyroidism or mild hypothyroidism) is a condition associated with a raised serum concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) but a normal serum free thyroxine (FT4)."4.95Subclinical hypothyroidism: Should we treat? ( Redford, C; Vaidya, B, 2017)
"Subclinical hypothyroidism, which is defined as elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels with free thyroxine concentrations within the reference range, is a common disorder that increases with age and affects up to 18% of the elderly, with a higher prevalence in women compared to men."4.90Subclinical hypothyroidism: summary of evidence in 2014. ( Baumgartner, C; Blum, MR; Rodondi, N, 2014)
"Patients who develop mental disorders while under ATD should be followed by an accurate evaluation of TSH, free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) levels throughout the course of the psychiatric disease."4.89Antithyroid medications and psychosis. ( Antonelli, A; Benvenga, S; Mazzi, V; Vita, R, 2013)
"In congenital hypothyroidism (CH) it has been questioned whether high dose thyroxine replacement therapy has detrimental effects on memory, attention, and behaviour."3.73Congenital hypothyroidism: no adverse effects of high dose thyroxine treatment on adult memory, attention, and behaviour. ( Heyerdahl, S; Kase, BF; Oerbeck, B; Sundet, K, 2005)
"Physicians should actively address psychiatric and cognitive aspects of hypothyroidism and in addition to thyroxine offer supportive treatment, especially to those depressed."3.71[Psychiatric and cognitive aspects of hypothyroidism]. ( Bjerke, SN; Bjøro, T; Heyerdahl, S, 2001)
" Euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia may occur: as a response to abnormal plasma binding (thyroxine binding globulin, albumin, prealbumin, or autoantibodies), because of hormone resistance, after exposure to drugs such as amiodarone, cholecystographic contrast agents, or propranolol, during acute psychiatric illness or stress, and in hyperemesis gravidarum."3.67The diagnostic challenge of euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia. ( Barlow, JW; Stockigt, JR, 1985)
"Fifty-three psychiatric patients who had been receiving treatment with lithium continuously for more than two years were examined to estimate the prevalence of lithium-induced hypothyroidism."3.65On the prevalence, diagnosis and management of lithium-induced hypothyroidism in psychiatric patients. ( Lindstedt, G; Nilsson, LA; Ohman, R; Skott, A; Wålinder, J, 1977)
"In differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), the standard treatment includes total thyroidectomy and lifetime levothyroxine (LT4) replacement."1.62Effects of Chronic Suppression or Oversuppression of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone on Psychological Symptoms and Sleep Quality in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. ( Altuntaş, SÇ; Hocaoğlu, Ç, 2021)
"The clinical features of primary hypothyroidism-induced mental disorder are diverse and variable."1.43[Analysis on clinical characteristics of primary hypothyroidism-induced mental disorder]. ( Fu, J; Li, X; Wei, H, 2016)
"Sixty-nine patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease in the euthyroid state after 2-5 years of antithyroid drug therapy and 32 healthy subjects as the control group."1.32The relationship of psychological factors to the prognosis of hyperthyroidism in antithyroid drug-treated patients with Graves' disease. ( Fukao, A; Hanafusa, T; Hayashi, S; Kuma, K; Miyauchi, A; Murakami, Y; Sakane, S; Takamatsu, J, 2003)
"Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed when FT4 >1."1.31High prevalence of thyroid abnormalities in a Chilean psychiatric outpatient population. ( Barroilhet, S; Fardella, C; Figueroa, R; Foradori, A; Gajardo, C; Gloger, S; Salgado, C; Santis, R, 2000)
"Hashimoto's encephalopathy was diagnosed."1.30[Variable manifestations of Hashimoto's encephalopathy]. ( Haaxma, R; Schaafsma, A; van Oostrom, JC, 1999)
"Psychiatric diagnosis was coded using DSM-III-R criteria."1.29Thyroid evaluation of hospitalized psychiatric patients: the role of TSH screening for thyroid dysfunction. ( Boulay, R; Nichols, D; Porsteinsson, A; Woolf, PD, 1996)
"Hypersecretion of TSH by a pituitary adenoma is thought to be a rare form of hyperthyroidism."1.28Hyperthyroidism, inappropriate plasma TSH and pituitary adenoma in three patients, two receiving long-term phenothiazine therapy. ( Dunne, FP; Feely, MP; Ferriss, JB; Keohane, C; Murphy, D; Perry, I, 1990)
" In such a group, lower initial dosages and gradual increases in dosage may be indicated."1.26Thyroid-induced mania in hypothyroid patients. ( Josephson, AM; Mackenzie, TB, 1980)
"The biochemical pattern of primary hypothyroidism occurred in five females and one male (prevalence 0."1.26A study of thyroid function in psychiatric in-patients. ( Goldberg, A; McLarty, DG; Ratcliffe, JG; Ratcliffe, WA; Shimmins, JG, 1978)

Research

Studies (67)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199028 (41.79)18.7374
1990's11 (16.42)18.2507
2000's12 (17.91)29.6817
2010's13 (19.40)24.3611
2020's3 (4.48)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Altuntaş, SÇ1
Hocaoğlu, Ç1
Laycock, K1
Beale, C1
Peters, C1
Anderson, J1
Zhang, J1
Liu, H1
Li, J1
Lou, L1
Zhang, S1
Feng, D1
Feng, X1
Schmutz, JL1
Redford, C1
Vaidya, B1
Sakai, Y1
Iversen, V1
Reitan, SK1
Vedal, TSJ1
Steen, NE1
Birkeland, KI1
Dieset, I1
Reponen, EJ1
Laskemoen, JF1
Rødevand, L1
Melle, I1
Andreassen, OA1
Molden, E1
Jönsson, EG1
Bou Khalil, R1
Richa, S1
Trachtenberg, E1
Passos, IC1
Kleina, WW1
Rocha, NS1
Fleck, MP1
Roelfsema, F1
Veldhuis, JD1
Vita, R1
Mazzi, V1
Antonelli, A1
Benvenga, S1
Andrade, C1
Baumgartner, C1
Blum, MR1
Rodondi, N1
Fu, J1
Wei, H1
Li, X1
Thompson, MD1
Henry, RK1
Moreno, C1
Merchán-Naranjo, J1
Alvarez, M1
Baeza, I1
Alda, JA1
Martínez-Cantarero, C1
Parellada, M1
Sánchez, B1
de la Serna, E1
Giráldez, M1
Arango, C1
Fukao, A1
Takamatsu, J1
Murakami, Y1
Sakane, S1
Miyauchi, A1
Kuma, K1
Hayashi, S1
Hanafusa, T1
TONKS, CM1
KURTZMAN, RS1
OTTO, DL1
CHEPEY, JJ1
REICHLIN, S1
Rekand, T1
Vedeler, C1
Gramstad, A1
Bindoff, L1
Oerbeck, B1
Sundet, K1
Kase, BF1
Heyerdahl, S2
Monteleone, P1
Santonastaso, P1
Pannuto, M1
Favaro, A1
Caregaro, L1
Castaldo, E1
Zanetti, T1
Maj, M1
Wilcoxon, JS1
Kuo, AG1
Disterhoft, JF1
Redei, EE1
Aliasgharpour, M1
Abbassi, M1
Shafaroodi, H1
Razi, F1
Paster, IP1
Liutkevych, OV1
Tron'ko, MD1
Almeida, C1
Vaisman, M1
Costa, AJ1
Reis, FA1
Reuters, V1
Teixeira, P1
Ferreira, M1
Teixeira, LB1
Araújo, GR1
Brasil, MA1
Peiris, AN1
Oh, E1
Diaz, S1
Ward, DJ1
Rastall, ML1
Borst, GC1
Eil, C1
Burman, KD1
Preslock, JP1
Morley, JE1
Slag, MF1
Elson, MK1
Shafer, RB1
Trainer, TD1
Howard, PL1
Drucker, D1
Kramlinger, KG1
Gharib, H1
Swanson, DW1
Maruta, T1
Young, JG1
Feiz, R1
Roth, JA1
Waldo, MC1
Cohen, DJ1
Josephson, AM1
Mackenzie, TB1
Obembe, A1
Abengowe, C1
Bauer, M1
Priebe, S1
Kürten, I1
Gräf, KJ1
Baumgartner, A1
Hauser, P1
Zametkin, AJ1
Martinez, P1
Vitiello, B1
Matochik, JA1
Mixson, AJ1
Weintraub, BD1
Prasher, VP1
Hall, W1
Woolf, PD1
Nichols, D1
Porsteinsson, A1
Boulay, R1
van Oostrom, JC1
Schaafsma, A1
Haaxma, R1
Vrancken, AF1
Braun, KP1
de Valk, HW1
Rinkel, GJ1
Fardella, C1
Gloger, S1
Figueroa, R1
Santis, R1
Gajardo, C1
Salgado, C1
Barroilhet, S1
Foradori, A1
Bjerke, SN1
Bjøro, T1
Orth, JP1
Braccini, T1
Krebs, BP1
Darcourt, G1
Nusynowitz, ML1
Young, RL1
MacCrimmon, DJ1
Wallace, JE1
Goldberg, WM1
Streiner, DL1
McLarty, DG1
Ratcliffe, WA1
Ratcliffe, JG1
Shimmins, JG1
Goldberg, A1
Lindstedt, G1
Nilsson, LA1
Wålinder, J1
Skott, A1
Ohman, R1
Nicholson, G1
Liebling, LI1
Hall, RA1
Bell, IR1
Morrow, FD1
Read, M1
Berkes, S1
Perrone, G1
Dunne, FP1
Feely, MP1
Ferriss, JB1
Keohane, C1
Murphy, D1
Perry, I1
Denicoff, KD1
Joffe, RT1
Lakshmanan, MC1
Robbins, J1
Rubinow, DR1
Chopra, IJ1
Solomon, DH1
Huang, TS1
Little, KY1
Kearfott, KS1
Castellanos, X1
Rinker, A1
Whitley, R1
Komaki, G1
Tamai, H1
Mori, T1
Nakagawa, T1
Mori, S1
Southwick, S1
Mason, JW1
Giller, EL1
Kosten, TR1
Lambert, TJ1
Davidson, R1
McLellan, GH1
Ryan, WG1
Grizzle, WE1
Griffin, JE1
Stockigt, JR1
Barlow, JW1
Vaughan, GM1
Mason, AD1
McManus, WF1
Pruitt, BA1
Berrios, GE1
Leysen, A1
Samuel, C1
Dowson, J1
Husslein, H1
Stöger, H1
Rose, E1
Sanders, TP1
Webbs, WL1
Hines, RC1

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
The Immune System and Psychiatric Disorders[NCT00184418]1,400 participants (Actual)Observational2005-01-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Reviews

11 reviews available for thyroxine and Behavior Disorders

ArticleYear
Subclinical hypothyroidism: Should we treat?
    Post reproductive health, 2017, Volume: 23, Issue:2

    Topics: Asymptomatic Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Mental Disorders; Metabolic

2017
Thyrotropin secretion patterns in health and disease.
    Endocrine reviews, 2013, Volume: 34, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Health Status; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Hyp

2013
Antithyroid medications and psychosis.
    Expert opinion on drug safety, 2013, Volume: 12, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Antithyroid Agents; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Mental Disorders; Psychoses,

2013
Levothyroxine in psychiatry: issues related to absorption after oral dosing.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2013, Volume: 74, Issue:8

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Interacti

2013
Subclinical hypothyroidism: summary of evidence in 2014.
    Swiss medical weekly, 2014, Volume: 144

    Topics: Asymptomatic Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Mental Disorde

2014
Euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia.
    Annals of internal medicine, 1983, Volume: 98, Issue:3

    Topics: Amiodarone; Amphetamines; Blood Protein Disorders; Female; Humans; Ipodate; Male; Mental Disorders;

1983
The pineal gland: basic implications and clinical correlations.
    Endocrine reviews, 1984,Spring, Volume: 5, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Arginine Vasopressin; Brain Neoplasms; Cricetinae; Female; Gonads; Humans;

1984
Thyroid function tests in thyroid and nonthyroid disease.
    Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences, 1983, Volume: 19, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Autoantibodies; Calcitonin; Choriocarcinoma; Female; Fetus; Hepatitis; Humans; Hyperthy

1983
[Epilepsy, disturbances of behavior and consciousness in presence of normal thyroxine levels: still, consider the thyroid gland].
    Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 2000, Jan-01, Volume: 144, Issue:1

    Topics: Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System; Diagnosis, Differential; Epilepsy; Female

2000
The dilemma of abnormal thyroid function tests--is thyroid disease present or not?
    The American journal of the medical sciences, 1985, Volume: 289, Issue:2

    Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Fasting; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; I

1985
[The clinical picture and therapy of Sheehan's syndrome (author's transl)].
    Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 1974, Sep-20, Volume: 86, Issue:17

    Topics: Addison Disease; Amenorrhea; Anorexia Nervosa; Celiac Disease; Cortisone; Diagnosis, Differential; F

1974

Trials

1 trial available for thyroxine and Behavior Disorders

ArticleYear
[The psychotropic action of TRH].
    L'Encephale, 1979, Volume: 5, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Men

1979

Other Studies

55 other studies available for thyroxine and Behavior Disorders

ArticleYear
Effects of Chronic Suppression or Oversuppression of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone on Psychological Symptoms and Sleep Quality in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.
    Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2021, Volume: 53, Issue:10

    Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Follicular; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Asymptomatic Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Ch

2021
Intramuscular levothyroxine: a solution to a mental health related thyroid crisis.
    BMJ case reports, 2019, Aug-20, Volume: 12, Issue:8

    Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Female; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Mental Dis

2019
Exposure to deltamethrin in adolescent mice induced thyroid dysfunction and behavioral disorders.
    Chemosphere, 2020, Volume: 241

    Topics: Aging; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Insecticides; Male; Mental Disorders; Mice; Nitriles; Pyrethrins;

2020
[Alitretinoin (Toctino®): Recent pharmacovigilance data].
    Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie, 2020, Volume: 147, Issue:4

    Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Alitretinoin; Contraception; Derm

2020
FT4 and TSH, relation to diagnoses in an unselected psychiatric acute-ward population, and change during acute psychiatric admission.
    BMC psychiatry, 2018, 07-28, Volume: 18, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Female; Hospitals, Psychiatric; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders;

2018
Response: Are thyroid abnormalities only related to antipsychotic treatment in patients with severe mental disorders?
    Journal of psychiatric research, 2019, Volume: 117

    Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Humans; Mental Disorders; Thyroid Gland; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine

2019
Letter to the editor: Are thyroid function abnormalities only related to antipsychotic treatment in patients with severe mental disorders?
    Journal of psychiatric research, 2019, Volume: 117

    Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Humans; Mental Disorders; Thyroid Gland; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine

2019
Hypothyroidism and severe neuropsychiatric symptoms: a rapid response to levothyroxine.
    Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999), 2012, Volume: 34, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Mental Disorders; Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; Thyro

2012
[Analysis on clinical characteristics of primary hypothyroidism-induced mental disorder].
    Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences, 2016, Volume: 41, Issue:7

    Topics: Humans; Hypothyroidism; Mental Disorders; Retrospective Studies; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyrotropin

2016
Myxedema Coma Secondary to Central Hypothyroidism: A Rare but Real Cause of Altered Mental Status in Pediatrics.
    Hormone research in paediatrics, 2017, Volume: 87, Issue:5

    Topics: Agenesis of Corpus Callosum; Cerebral Cortex; Child; Chromosome Deletion; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1

2017
Metabolic effects of second-generation antipsychotics in bipolar youth: comparison with other psychotic and nonpsychotic diagnoses.
    Bipolar disorders, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Biomarkers; Bipolar Disorder; Body Mass Index; Ch

2010
The relationship of psychological factors to the prognosis of hyperthyroidism in antithyroid drug-treated patients with Graves' disease.
    Clinical endocrinology, 2003, Volume: 58, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Autoantibodies; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-

2003
MENTAL ILLNESSES IN HYPOTHYROID PATIENTS.
    The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1964, Volume: 110

    Topics: Drug Therapy; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Mental Disorders; Myxedema; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia

1964
MYXEDEMA HEART DISEASE.
    Radiology, 1965, Volume: 84

    Topics: Angiocardiography; Drug Therapy; Exudates and Transudates; Geriatrics; Heart Diseases; Heart Functio

1965
Peripheral thyroxine metabolism in patients with psychiatric and neurological diseases.
    A.M.A. archives of general psychiatry, 1959, Volume: 1

    Topics: Humans; Mental Disorders; Neurology; Schizophrenia; Thyroxine

1959
Hashimoto's encephalopathy: a treatable cause of mental impairment, stroke and seizures.
    European journal of neurology, 2003, Volume: 10, Issue:6

    Topics: Female; Humans; Memory Disorders; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Seizures; Stroke; Thyroiditis, Auto

2003
Congenital hypothyroidism: no adverse effects of high dose thyroxine treatment on adult memory, attention, and behaviour.
    Archives of disease in childhood, 2005, Volume: 90, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Attention; Child; Child, Preschool; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Drug Adm

2005
Enhanced serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in bulimia nervosa: relationships to psychiatric comorbidity, psychopathology and hormonal variables.
    Psychiatry research, 2005, Apr-30, Volume: 134, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Anorexia Nervosa; Blood Glucose; Borderline Personality Disorder; Bulimia; Cholesterol; Comor

2005
Behavioral deficits associated with fetal alcohol exposure are reversed by prenatal thyroid hormone treatment: a role for maternal thyroid hormone deficiency in FAE.
    Molecular psychiatry, 2005, Volume: 10, Issue:10

    Topics: Animals; Female; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders; GAP-43 Protein; Hippocampus; Mental Disorders; Po

2005
Subclinical hypothyroidism in lithium-treated psychiatric patients in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
    Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit, 2005, Volume: 11, Issue:3

    Topics: Age Distribution; Antidepressive Agents; Antimanic Agents; Drug Monitoring; Female; Health Services

2005
[Estimation of frequency of the main clinical features in patients with malignant tumor of thyroid gland after radical operative intervention].
    Klinichna khirurhiia, 2006, Issue:8

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Female; Humans; Hypoparathyroidism; Male; Mental Disorders; Prevalence; Se

2006
Are neuropsychological changes relevant in subclinical hypothyroidism?
    Arquivos brasileiros de endocrinologia e metabologia, 2007, Volume: 51, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Cognition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Mental Disorders; M

2007
Psychiatric manifestations of thyroid disease.
    Southern medical journal, 2007, Volume: 100, Issue:8

    Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Confusion; Delusions; Dementia; Depression; Hallucinations; Humans; Hyperthyroidi

2007
Prognosis in "myxoedematous madness".
    The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1967, Volume: 113, Issue:495

    Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Hypothermia; Mental Disorders; Myxedema; Prognosis; Thyroxine

1967
The interpretation of thyroid function tests in hospitalized patients.
    JAMA, 1983, May-06, Volume: 249, Issue:17

    Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Hospitalization; Humans; Mental Disorders; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Functi

1983
Hyperthyroxinemia in patients with acute psychiatric disorders.
    The American journal of medicine, 1983, Volume: 75, Issue:5

    Topics: Acute Disease; Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychotropic Drugs; Thyroxine

1983
Normal serum thyroxine values in patients with acute psychiatric illness.
    The American journal of medicine, 1984, Volume: 76, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Thyroid Diseases; Thyr

1984
Catecholamine-thyroid hormone interactions: I. Thyroid hormone and platelet MAO activity in psychiatrically disturbed children.
    Schizophrenia bulletin, 1982, Volume: 8, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Platelets; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Monoamine Oxidase

1982
Thyroid-induced mania in hypothyroid patients.
    The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1980, Volume: 137

    Topics: Adult; Affective Disorders, Psychotic; Aged; Bipolar Disorder; Child; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism

1980
A study of thyroid dysfunction in Nigerian psychiatric outpatients.
    The Central African journal of medicine, 1994, Volume: 40, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged;

1994
Psychological and endocrine abnormalities in refugees from East Germany: Part I. Prolonged stress, psychopathology, and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity.
    Psychiatry research, 1994, Volume: 51, Issue:1

    Topics: Adjustment Disorders; Anxiety Disorders; Depressive Disorder; Germany; Germany, East; Humans; Hypoth

1994
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in people with generalized resistance to thyroid hormone.
    The New England journal of medicine, 1993, Apr-08, Volume: 328, Issue:14

    Topics: Adult; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Male;

1993
Short-term prognosis of depression in adults with Down's syndrome: association with thyroid status and effects on adaptive behaviour.
    Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR, 1996, Volume: 40 ( Pt 1)

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Amino Acids; Depressive Disorder; Down Syndrome; Female; Humans; Hy

1996
Thyroid evaluation of hospitalized psychiatric patients: the role of TSH screening for thyroid dysfunction.
    Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 1996, Volume: 6, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female;

1996
[Variable manifestations of Hashimoto's encephalopathy].
    Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 1999, Jun-19, Volume: 143, Issue:25

    Topics: Adult; Brain Diseases; Child; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Ma

1999
High prevalence of thyroid abnormalities in a Chilean psychiatric outpatient population.
    Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2000, Volume: 23, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies; Chile; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypo

2000
[Psychiatric and cognitive aspects of hypothyroidism].
    Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 2001, Aug-30, Volume: 121, Issue:20

    Topics: Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Cognition Disorders; Depression; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Men

2001
Thyroid dysfunction in the ailing, aging, and aberrant.
    JAMA, 1979, Jul-20, Volume: 242, Issue:3

    Topics: Aging; Humans; Mental Disorders; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Gland; Thyroxine

1979
Emotional disturbance and cognitive deficits in hyperthyroidism.
    Psychosomatic medicine, 1979, Volume: 41, Issue:4

    Topics: Age Factors; Cognition Disorders; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Mental Di

1979
A study of thyroid function in psychiatric in-patients.
    The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1978, Volume: 133

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Female; Hospitals, Psychiatric; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypot

1978
On the prevalence, diagnosis and management of lithium-induced hypothyroidism in psychiatric patients.
    The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1977, Volume: 130

    Topics: Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Lithium; Male; Mental Disorders; Sex Factors; Thyroxine; Time Factor

1977
Thyroid dysfunction in female psychiatric patients.
    The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1976, Volume: 129

    Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aspirin; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Lithium; Mental Disorders; Middle

1976
Low thyroxine levels in female psychiatric inpatients with riboflavin deficiency: implications for folate-dependent methylation.
    Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1992, Volume: 85, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; M

1992
Hyperthyroidism, inappropriate plasma TSH and pituitary adenoma in three patients, two receiving long-term phenothiazine therapy.
    The Quarterly journal of medicine, 1990, Volume: 75, Issue:276

    Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Phenothiazines

1990
Neuropsychiatric manifestations of altered thyroid state.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 1990, Volume: 147, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Affect; Attitude to Health; Cognition; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Diso

1990
Serum thyrotropin in hospitalized psychiatric patients: evidence for hyperthyrotropinemia as measured by an ultrasensitive thyrotropin assay.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1990, Volume: 39, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bipolar Disorder; Dementia; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Mental

1990
Increased detection of elevated TSH using immunoradiometric assay.
    Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 1990, Volume: 35, Issue:4

    Topics: Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Immunoradiometric Assay; Mental Disorders; Moo

1990
Changes in serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in acutely starved non-obese patients. A possible dissociation between angiotensin-converting enzyme and the thyroid state.
    Acta endocrinologica, 1988, Volume: 118, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Fasting; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Thyroid

1988
Serum thyroxine change and clinical recovery in psychiatric inpatients.
    Biological psychiatry, 1989, Volume: 25, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Longitudi

1989
Euthyroid hyperthyroxinaemia in acute psychiatric admissions.
    The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 1987, Volume: 21, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Euthyroid Sick Syndromes; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Thyroid Functi

1987
Methods of measuring thyroid hormone levels.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 1988, Volume: 145, Issue:2

    Topics: Autoanalysis; Humans; Mental Disorders; Radioimmunoassay; Reference Values; Thyroid Function Tests;

1988
The diagnostic challenge of euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia.
    Australian and New Zealand journal of medicine, 1985, Volume: 15, Issue:2

    Topics: Amiodarone; Autoantibodies; Female; Humans; Hyperemesis Gravidarum; Male; Mental Disorders; Prealbum

1985
Alterations of mental status and thyroid hormones after thermal injury.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1985, Volume: 60, Issue:6

    Topics: Burns; Humans; Mental Disorders; Reference Values; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine

1985
Psychiatric morbidity following total and partial thyroidectomy.
    Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1985, Volume: 72, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Calcium; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; M

1985
Occult factitial thyrotoxicosis. Thyroxine kinetics and psychological evaluation in three cases.
    Annals of internal medicine, 1969, Volume: 71, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Female; Hostility; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Male; Mental Disorders;

1969