desmosterol profile

Desmosterol: An intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

desmosterol : A cholestanoid that is cholesta-5,24-diene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. It is an intermediate metabolite obtained during the synthesis of cholesterol. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	439577
CHEMBL ID	455876
CHEBI ID	17737
SCHEMBL ID	156561
MeSH ID	M0006083

Synonym
gtpl2748
CHEBI:17737 ,
3beta-cholesta-5,24-dien-3-ol
cholesta-5,24-dien-3-ol, (3.beta.)-
cholest-5,24-dien-3beta-ol
LMST01010016
313-04-2
C01802
cholesta-5,24-dien-3beta-ol
desmosterol
24-dehydrocholesterol
desmosterol, >=84% (gc)
delta5,24-cholestadien-3-beta-ol
desmesterol
cholesta-5,24-dien-3-ol, (3beta)-
(3s,8s,9s,10r,13r,14s,17r)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2r)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
bdbm50280402
CHEMBL455876
unii-anp93865r8
anp93865r8 ,
einecs 206-236-2
nsc 226126
cholesta-5,24-dien-3-beta-ol
desmosterol [mi]
(3.beta.)-cholesta-5,24-dien-3-ol
SCHEMBL156561
AVSXSVCZWQODGV-DPAQBDIFSA-N
AKOS025146947
cholesta-5,24-dien-3b-ol
J-018374
(3s,8s,9s,10r,13r,14s,17r)-10,13-dimethyl-17-((r)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
5,24-cholestadien-3beta-ol
Q3024529
mhq ,
DTXSID10878676
HY-113224
CS-0059348
F87896

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Desmosterol is an endogenous agonist of the liver X receptor (LXR)."	( Dehydrocholesterol Reductase 24 (DHCR24): Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Novel Therapeutic Options. Bracher, F; Giera, M; Hank, E; Müller, C, 2022)	1.44
"Desmosterolosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of cholesterol biosynthesis resulting in multiple congenital abnormalities and syndromic intellectual disability. "	( First case of desmosterolosis diagnosed by prenatal whole exome sequencing. Gowda, H; Hill, C; Karkhanis, P; Kinning, E; Noureldein, M; Vijay, S, 2023)	2.71
"Desmosterol is a direct biosynthetic precursor of cholesterol in Bloch biochemical pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis and differs with cholesterol only by a double bond in carbon 24. "	( A comparative study of the effects of cholesterol and desmosterol on zwitterionic DPPC model membranes. Altunayar, C; Kazanci, N; Sahin, I, 2015)	2.11
"Desmosterol is an immediate biosynthetic precursor of cholesterol in the Bloch pathway differing only in a double bond at the 24th position in the alkyl side chain."	( Differential effects of cholesterol and desmosterol on the ligand binding function of the hippocampal serotonin(1A) receptor: implications in desmosterolosis. Chattopadhyay, A; Jafurulla, M; Paila, YD; Saxena, R; Singh, P, 2009)	1.34
"Desmosterolosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of elevated levels of the cholesterol precursor desmosterol in plasma, tissue and cultured cells. "	( The desmosterolosis phenotype: spasticity, microcephaly and micrognathia with agenesis of corpus callosum and loss of white matter. Birk, OS; Björkhem, I; Flusser, H; Heverin, M; Langer, Y; Markus, B; Shelef, I; Sivan, S; Zolotushko, J, 2011)	2.37
"Desmosterol is a C27 sterol intermediate in cholesterol synthesis generated during the metabolic pathway that transforms lanosterol into cholesterol. "	( Alzheimer's disease: brain desmosterol levels. Javitt, NB; Newman, K; Wisniewski, T, 2013)	2.13
"Desmosterol is an immediate precursor of cholesterol in the Bloch pathway of sterol synthesis and an abundant membrane lipid in specific cell types. "	( Significance of sterol structural specificity. Desmosterol cannot replace cholesterol in lipid rafts. Ikonen, E; Jansen, M; Karttunen, M; Koivusalo, M; Róg, T; Vainio, S; Vattulainen, I, 2006)	2.03
"Desmosterolosis is an autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations in the 3beta-hydroxysterol-Delta24 reductase (DHCR24) gene that encodes an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of desmosterol to cholesterol. "	( DHCR24 gene knockout mice demonstrate lethal dermopathy with differentiation and maturation defects in the epidermis. Hayasaka, S; Kaji, T; Kambe, F; Maki, K; Mirza, R; Murakami, K; Murata, Y; Ohmori, S; Seo, H; Takagishi, Y; Yamamoto, M; Zadworny, D, 2006)	1.78
"Desmosterolosis is a rare, autosomal recessive, human disease characterized by multiple congenital anomalies in conjunction with grossly elevated levels of desmosterol and markedly reduced levels of cholesterol in all bodily tissues. "	( Retinal structure and function in an animal model that replicates the biochemical hallmarks of desmosterolosis. Cenedella, RJ; Fliesler, SJ; Miller, C; Peachey, NS; Richards, MJ, 2000)	1.97
"Desmosterolosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by multiple congenital anomalies. "	( Mutations in the 3beta-hydroxysterol Delta24-reductase gene cause desmosterolosis, an autosomal recessive disorder of cholesterol biosynthesis. Andersson, HC; FitzPatrick, DR; Hennekam, RC; Kelley, RI; Koster, J; Romeijn, GJ; Vreken, P; Wanders, RJ; Waterham, HR, 2001)	1.99

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Desmosterol failed to increase expression of the LXR target gene, ABCA1, in LXRalpha/beta-deficient mouse fibroblasts, but was fully active in cells lacking cholesterol 24-, 25-, and 27-hydroxylase; thus, the effect of desmosterol was LXR-dependent and did not require conversion to a side chain oxysterol."	( Sterol intermediates from cholesterol biosynthetic pathway as liver X receptor ligands. Cohen, JC; Covey, DF; Hobbs, HH; Mangelsdorf, DJ; McDonald, JG; Patel, A; Umetani, M; Westover, EJ; Xu, F; Yang, C; Zhang, Y, 2006)	1.06

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Plant stanol ester spread consumption appeared safe in the clinical setting, except for potential lowering of infants' serum beta-carotene concentration, and was reflected in the markers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption in mothers' serum, encouraging further studies in larger settings."	( Plant stanol ester spreads as components of a balanced diet for pregnant and breast-feeding women: evaluation of clinical safety. Gylling, H; Isolauri, E; Kaipiainen, L; Laitinen, K; Miettinen, TA, 2009)	0.35

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The identification of an analyte in blood which was highly correlated with absorbed dose and efficacy is valuable for determining effective formulations and dosing variables."	( Desmosterol: a biomarker for the efficient development of 20,25-diazacholesterol as a contraceptive for pest wildlife. Furcolow, CA; Goldade, DA; Goodall, MJ; Johnston, JJ; Kimball, BA; Miller, LA; Yoder, CA, 2003)	1.76
" Dalcetrapib did not change plasma (3)H-cholesterol level but increased (3)H-cholesterol in plasma HDL vs non-HDL, after oral dosing of labeled cholesterol."	( Effect of dalcetrapib, a CETP modulator, on non-cholesterol sterol markers of cholesterol homeostasis in healthy subjects. Blum, D; Chaput, E; Derks, M; Kallend, D; Niesor, EJ; Staempfli, A, 2011)	0.37

Role	Description
human metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
mouse metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
3beta-sterol	A sterol in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has beta- configuration.
cholestanoid	Any steroid based on a cholestane skeleton and its derivatives.
C27-steroid	A steroid compound with a structure based on a 27-carbon (cholestane) skeleton.
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid	Any 3beta-hydroxy-steroid that contains a double bond between positions 5 and 6.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Metabolism	1496	1108
Metabolism of lipids	500	463
Metabolism of steroids	111	135
Cholesterol biosynthesis	22	49
Bloch pathway	4	10
Steroid Biosynthesis	21	42
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS)	21	42
CHILD Syndrome	21	42
Desmosterolosis	21	42
Chondrodysplasia Punctata II, X-Linked Dominant (CDPX2)	21	42
Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency (Wolman Disease)	21	42
Ibandronate Action Pathway	21	43
Simvastatin Action Pathway	21	43
Pravastatin Action Pathway	21	43
Rosuvastatin Action Pathway	21	43
Alendronate Action Pathway	21	43
Hypercholesterolemia	21	42
Lovastatin Action Pathway	21	43
Zoledronate Action Pathway	21	43
Cerivastatin Action Pathway	21	43
Risedronate Action Pathway	21	43
Pamidronate Action Pathway	21	43
Fluvastatin Action Pathway	21	43
Atorvastatin Action Pathway	21	43
Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease	21	42
Hyper-IgD Syndrome	21	42
Mevalonic Aciduria	21	42
Wolman Disease	21	42
Cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism CE(14:0)	22	50
Cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism CE(10:0)	22	50
Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Metabolism CE(12:0)	22	50
Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Metabolism CE(16:0)	22	50
Cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism CE(18:0)	22	50
Cholesterol metabolism with Bloch and Kandutsch-Russell pathways	0	39
Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Metabolism	22	48
Bloch Pathway (Cholesterol Biosynthesis)	9	29
plant sterol biosynthesis II	5	19
Cholesterol biosynthesis with skeletal dysplasias	0	14
Cholesterol synthesis disorders	0	15
Cholesterol metabolism	2	14
Enterocyte cholesterol metabolism	1	11
Cholesterol biosynthesis pathway in hepatocytes	11	37
cholesterol biosynthesis III (via desmosterol)	9	39
superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis	21	78
plant sterol biosynthesis II	12	31
Biochemical pathways: part I	0	466
Sterols biosynthesis pathway	0	15
Cholesterol biosynthesis III (via desmosterol)	1	18

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0640	0.0200	0.7035	9.0000	AID1505269; AID1709549
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glucose metabolic process	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of steroid metabolic process	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathway	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expression	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to sterol	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of circadian rhythm	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fat cell differentiation	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
adipose tissue development	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
T-helper 17 cell differentiation	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
oxysterol binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-activated transcription factor activity	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nucleus	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear body	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID766615	Agonist activity at LXRbeta (unknown origin) transfected in mouse SN4741 cells at 10 uM after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 21, Issue:18	Synthesis and biological activity of (24E)- and (24Z)-26-hydroxydesmosterol.
AID671393	Binding affinity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis CYP142A1 assessed as type 1 binding mode at 0.05 to 0.2 uM by UV-visible spectrophotometry	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Substrate analog studies of the ω-regiospecificity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cholesterol metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP124A1, CYP125A1 and CYP142A1.
AID671399	Activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CYP124A1 assessed as relative apparent turnover number at 50 uM incubated for 1 hr at 25 degC by GC-MS method relative to cholesterol	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Substrate analog studies of the ω-regiospecificity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cholesterol metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP124A1, CYP125A1 and CYP142A1.
AID766616	Agonist activity at LXRalpha (unknown origin) transfected in mouse SN4741 cells at 10 uM after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 21, Issue:18	Synthesis and biological activity of (24E)- and (24Z)-26-hydroxydesmosterol.
AID671400	Activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CYP125A1 assessed as relative apparent turnover number at 50 uM incubated for 1 hr at 25 degC by GC-MS method relative to cholesterol	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Substrate analog studies of the ω-regiospecificity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cholesterol metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP124A1, CYP125A1 and CYP142A1.
AID1709559	Orthosteric agonist activity at 2-chloro-5-nitro-N-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzamide-ligated recombinant human N-terminal His6-tagged RORgammat ligand binding domain (265 to 518 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as increase in	2021	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-08, Volume: 12, Issue:4	Covalent Occlusion of the RORγt Ligand Binding Pocket Allows Unambiguous Targeting of an Allosteric Site.
AID671396	Activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CYP124A1 assessed as apparent turnover number at 50 uM incubated for 1 hr at 25 degC by GC-MS method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Substrate analog studies of the ω-regiospecificity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cholesterol metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP124A1, CYP125A1 and CYP142A1.
AID671398	Activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CYP142A1 assessed as apparent turnover number at 50 uM incubated for 1 hr at 25 degC by GC-MS method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Substrate analog studies of the ω-regiospecificity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cholesterol metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP124A1, CYP125A1 and CYP142A1.
AID1709562	Binding affinity to 2-chloro-5-nitro-N-o-tolylbenzamide-ligated recombinant human N-terminal His6-tagged RORgammat (265 to 518 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as change in melting temperature at 10 uM in presence of 2-chloro-5-	2021	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-08, Volume: 12, Issue:4	Covalent Occlusion of the RORγt Ligand Binding Pocket Allows Unambiguous Targeting of an Allosteric Site.
AID1709564	Binding affinity to 2-chloro-5-nitro-N-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzamide-ligated recombinant human N-terminal His6-tagged RORgammat (265 to 518 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as change in melting temperature at 10 uM in pre	2021	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-08, Volume: 12, Issue:4	Covalent Occlusion of the RORγt Ligand Binding Pocket Allows Unambiguous Targeting of an Allosteric Site.
AID766614	Agonist activity at LXR in mouse SN4741 cells assessed as upregulation of ABCA1 protein expression at 10 uM by immunoblot analysis	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 21, Issue:18	Synthesis and biological activity of (24E)- and (24Z)-26-hydroxydesmosterol.
AID1709561	Binding affinity to recombinant human N-terminal His6-tagged RORgammat (265 to 518 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as change in melting temperature at 10 uM by thermal shift assay	2021	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-08, Volume: 12, Issue:4	Covalent Occlusion of the RORγt Ligand Binding Pocket Allows Unambiguous Targeting of an Allosteric Site.
AID400323	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells by MTT assay	1996	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 59, Issue:1	Cytotoxic oxygenated desmosterols of the red alga Galaxaura marginata.
AID1709549	Orthosteric agonist activity at recombinant human N-terminal His6-tagged RORgammat ligand binding domain (265 to 518 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as increase in coactivator, N-terminal biotinylated SRC-1 box2 peptide recruit	2021	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-08, Volume: 12, Issue:4	Covalent Occlusion of the RORγt Ligand Binding Pocket Allows Unambiguous Targeting of an Allosteric Site.
AID671397	Activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CYP125A1 assessed as apparent turnover number at 50 uM incubated for 1 hr at 25 degC by GC-MS method	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Substrate analog studies of the ω-regiospecificity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cholesterol metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP124A1, CYP125A1 and CYP142A1.
AID1709563	Binding affinity to 2-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-5-nitrobenzamide-ligated recombinant human N-terminal His6-tagged RORgammat (265 to 518 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as change in melting temperature at 10 uM in presence o	2021	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-08, Volume: 12, Issue:4	Covalent Occlusion of the RORγt Ligand Binding Pocket Allows Unambiguous Targeting of an Allosteric Site.
AID1709555	Orthosteric agonist activity at 2-chloro-5-nitro-N-o-tolylbenzamide-ligated recombinant human N-terminal His6-tagged RORgammat ligand binding domain (265 to 518 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as increase in coactivator, N-term	2021	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-08, Volume: 12, Issue:4	Covalent Occlusion of the RORγt Ligand Binding Pocket Allows Unambiguous Targeting of an Allosteric Site.
AID400324	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells by MTT assay	1996	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 59, Issue:1	Cytotoxic oxygenated desmosterols of the red alga Galaxaura marginata.
AID671391	Binding affinity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis CYP124A1 assessed as type 1 binding mode at 0.05 to 0.2 uM by UV-visible spectrophotometry	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Substrate analog studies of the ω-regiospecificity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cholesterol metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP124A1, CYP125A1 and CYP142A1.
AID671392	Binding affinity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis CYP125A1 assessed as type 1 binding mode at 0.05 to 0.2 uM by UV-visible spectrophotometry	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Substrate analog studies of the ω-regiospecificity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cholesterol metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP124A1, CYP125A1 and CYP142A1.
AID1505269	Agonist activity at Gal4-fused RORgammat DNA binding domain (unknown origin) expressed in 293T cells assessed as SRC1 coactivator recruitment in presence of ursolic acid by TR-FRET assay	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14	Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor γt (RORγt) Agonists as Potential Small Molecule Therapeutics for Cancer Immunotherapy.
AID671401	Activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CYP142A1 assessed as relative apparent turnover number at 50 uM incubated for 1 hr at 25 degC by GC-MS method relative to cholesterol	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 20, Issue:13	Substrate analog studies of the ω-regiospecificity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cholesterol metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP124A1, CYP125A1 and CYP142A1.
AID1709557	Orthosteric agonist activity at 2-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-5-nitrobenzamide-ligated recombinant human N-terminal His6-tagged RORgammat ligand binding domain (265 to 518 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as increase in coacti	2021	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-08, Volume: 12, Issue:4	Covalent Occlusion of the RORγt Ligand Binding Pocket Allows Unambiguous Targeting of an Allosteric Site.
AID400325	Cytotoxicity against human HT29 cells by MTT assay	1996	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 59, Issue:1	Cytotoxic oxygenated desmosterols of the red alga Galaxaura marginata.
AID400322	Cytotoxicity against mouse P388 cells by MTT assay	1996	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 59, Issue:1	Cytotoxic oxygenated desmosterols of the red alga Galaxaura marginata.
AID1709551	Orthosteric agonist activity at GW9662-ligated recombinant human N-terminal His6-tagged RORgammat ligand binding domain (265 to 518 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as increase in coactivator, N-terminal biotinylated SRC-1 box2	2021	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-08, Volume: 12, Issue:4	Covalent Occlusion of the RORγt Ligand Binding Pocket Allows Unambiguous Targeting of an Allosteric Site.
AID1346993	Human Liver X receptor-beta (1H. Liver X receptor-like receptors)	2006	The Journal of biological chemistry, Sep-22, Volume: 281, Issue:38	Sterol intermediates from cholesterol biosynthetic pathway as liver X receptor ligands.
AID1346755	Human Liver X receptor-alpha (1H. Liver X receptor-like receptors)	2006	The Journal of biological chemistry, Sep-22, Volume: 281, Issue:38	Sterol intermediates from cholesterol biosynthetic pathway as liver X receptor ligands.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	194 (50.79)	18.7374
1990's	32 (8.38)	18.2507
2000's	57 (14.92)	29.6817
2010's	76 (19.90)	24.3611
2020's	23 (6.02)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	12 (2.99%)	5.53%
Reviews	17 (4.23%)	6.00%
Case Studies	5 (1.24%)	4.05%
Observational	2 (0.50%)	0.25%
Other	366 (91.04%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	1.96	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
carnitine [no description available]	5.64	6	0	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
choline [no description available]	5.64	6	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	3.46	2	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	1.95	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	1.97	1	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	2.08	1	0	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	6.98	1	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	1.95	1	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	3.4	1	1	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	1.98	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
trimethyloxamine trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.	5.64	6	0	tertiary amine oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; osmolyte
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	1.95	1	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	1.97	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	3.34	5	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.25	1	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.64	3	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	3.97	4	0	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	2.6	1	0	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	1.97	1	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
lomustine [no description available]	2.64	3	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	1.95	1	0	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	1.95	1	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	1.95	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
ro 31-8220 Ro 31-8220: a protein kinase C inhibitor	2.1	1	0	imidothiocarbamic ester; indoles; maleimides	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.	7.82	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
corticosterone [no description available]	1.96	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thymidine [no description available]	1.94	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	1.95	1	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	2.35	2	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	6.95	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	2.65	3	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	1.95	1	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.44	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	2	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.	1.95	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	1.95	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	2.98	4	0
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	6.94	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	1.97	1	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2.03	1	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	1.95	1	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	1.97	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	2.06	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
triparanol Triparanol: Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.	5.82	31	0	stilbenoid	anticoronaviral agent
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.	1.94	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	4.42	2	2	pyrrole; secondary amine
pregnenolone [no description available]	2.87	4	0	20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.	1.98	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
thiazoles [no description available]	2.46	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
flurothyl Flurothyl: A convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy.	1.95	1	0	ether
trans-1,4-bis(2-chlorobenzaminomethyl)cyclohexane dihydrochloride trans-1,4-Bis(2-chlorobenzaminomethyl)cyclohexane Dihydrochloride: An anti-cholesteremic agent that inhibits delta 7-reductase, delta 14 reductase, and sterol biosynthesis.	3.97	4	0
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.	2.25	1	0	monofluorobenzenes	NMR chemical shift reference compound
phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate: 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Key intermediate in the formation by living cells of sulfate esters of phenols, alcohols, steroids, sulfated polysaccharides, and simple esters, such as choline sulfate. It is formed from sulfate ion and ATP in a two-step process. This compound also is an important step in the process of sulfur fixation in plants and microorganisms.. 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate : An adenosine bisphosphate having monophosphate groups at the 3'- and 5'-positions and a sulfo group attached to the phosphate at position 5'.	1.96	1	0	acyl sulfate; adenosine bisphosphate; purine ribonucleoside bisphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenol 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.25	1	0
potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH	1.97	1	0	alkali metal hydroxide
tocopherols [no description available]	2.31	1	0
ecdysone [no description available]	3.45	2	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; 6-oxo steroid; ecdysteroid	prohormone
silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.	1.95	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt	astringent
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	2.37	2	0	dihydrogen
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	1.95	1	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
iodine [no description available]	3.05	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	4.35	21	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
n-methyl-n-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide : An N-silyl compound that is N-methyltrifluoroacetamide in which the amide nitrogen is replaced by a trimethylsilyl group. N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide is a derivatisation agent used in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applications.	2.06	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-silyl compound; trifluoroacetamide	chromatographic reagent
alkenes [no description available]	2.6	1	0
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	3.08	5	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	5.23	4	3	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	4.65	3	2	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.	2.41	1	0	aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone	drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist
atorvastatin [no description available]	4.42	2	2	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
darglitazone [no description available]	2.01	1	0
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	3.41	1	1	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
mevastatin mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.	1.95	1	0	2-pyranones; carboxylic ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; Penicillium metabolite
cholesteryl sulfate cholesteryl sulfate: component of human seminal plasma & spermatozoa; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer. cholesterol sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is cholesterol substituted by a sulfoxy group at position 3.	2.89	4	0	steroid sulfate	human metabolite
25-hydroxycholesterol [no description available]	4.05	4	0	25-hydroxy steroid; oxysterol	human metabolite
n,n-bis(trimethylsilyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide [no description available]	2.06	1	0
lathosterol lathosterol: RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer. 5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol : A cholestanoid that is (5alpha)-cholest-7-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	11.49	41	10	3beta-sterol; C27-steroid; cholestanoid; Delta(7)-sterol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
emopamil emopamil: prevents renal injury after warm & cold ischemia; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.25	1	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
squalamine squalamine: from dogfish shark Squalus acanthias; structure given in first source	7.01	1	0	bile acid
7-ketocholesterol 7-ketocholesterol: inhibits uptake of cholesterol in rabbit aorta. 7-ketocholesterol : A cholestanoid that consists of cholesterol bearing an oxo substituent at position 7.	2.39	2	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; 7-oxo steroid; cholestanoid	neuroprotective agent
cholest-4-en-3-one cholest-4-en-3-one : A cholestanoid that is cholest-4-ene substituted by an oxo group at position 3.	2.07	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cholestanoid	human metabolite; plant metabolite
24-methylenecholesterol 24-methylenecholesterol: RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer; structure. 24-methylenecholesterol : A 3beta-sterol having the structure of cholesterol with a methylene group at C-24.	2.65	3	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol	mouse metabolite
zymosterol [no description available]	4.37	6	0	3beta-sterol; cholestanoid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
zymostenol zymostenol: RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 9/88. 5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol : A cholestanoid that is 5alpha-cholestane substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	2.75	3	0	3beta-sterol; cholestanoid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	1.95	1	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
22-hydroxycholesterol [no description available]	2.39	2	0	cholanoid
campestanol ergostanol: structure	2	1	0	3beta-sterol; C28-steroid
(20s)-20-hydroxycholesterol 20-hydroxycholesterol: RN given refers to (20S)-isomer. 20-hydroxycholesterol : An oxysterol that is cholesterol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.	2.31	1	0	20-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; oxysterol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
27-hydroxycholesterol (25R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol : A 26-hydroxycholesterol in which the 25-position has R-configuration.	2.1	1	0	26-hydroxycholesterol	apoptosis inducer; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent
methotrexate [no description available]	1.95	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
cholesta-5,8-dien-3 beta-ol cholesta-5,8-dien-3 beta-ol: found in tissue of rats given AY 9944	2	1	0	steroid
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).	4.42	2	2	azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite
torcetrapib [no description available]	3.45	1	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; carbamate ester; quinolines	anticholesteremic drug; CETP inhibitor
prostaglandins b Prostaglandins B: Physiologically active prostaglandins found in many tissues and organs. They are potent pressor substances and have many other physiological activities.	1.95	1	0
4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-(8,24)-dien-3-beta-ol 4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-(8,24)-dien-3-beta-ol: RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer. 14-demethyllanosterol : A 3beta-sterol formed formally by loss of a methyl group from the 14-position of lanosterol.	1.97	1	0	3beta-sterol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
(22r)-22-hydroxycholesterol (22R)-22-hydroxycholesterol : An oxysterol that is the 22R-hydroxy derivative of cholesterol.	3.27	1	0	22-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; oxysterol
campesterol campesterol: RN refers to (3beta,24R)-isomer; structure	11.26	29	8	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C28-steroid; phytosterols	mouse metabolite
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	6.95	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
cholesterol alpha-oxide cholesterol alpha-oxide: RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha,6alpha)-isomer; structure	1.98	1	0	3beta-hydroxy steroid; epoxy steroid; oxysterol
stigmastanol stigmastanol: saturated analog of beta-sitosterol; RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer. stigmastanol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 5alpha-stigmastane which is substituted at the 3beta position by a hydroxy group.	4.12	3	1	3-hydroxy steroid; phytosterols	anticholesteremic drug; plant metabolite
lanosterol [no description available]	6.02	37	0	14alpha-methyl steroid; 3beta-sterol; tetracyclic triterpenoid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	5.87	19	0	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
dithioerythritol [no description available]	2.06	1	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol	reducing agent
7-dehydrocholesterol [no description available]	4.5	23	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; cholestanoid; Delta(5),Delta(7)-sterol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	2.64	3	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
24,25-dihydrolanosterol lanostenol: RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer; structure. 24,25-dihydrolanosterol : A 3beta-sterol formed from lanosterol by reduction across the C-24-C-25 double bond.	1.96	1	0	3beta-sterol; tetracyclic triterpenoid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.46	2	0	cyclodextrin
ergosterol [no description available]	4.45	7	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
farnesol Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1.	1.99	1	0	farnesol	plant metabolite
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.38	2	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
gw 3965 GW 3965: a liver X receptor ligand	2.03	1	0	diarylmethane
t0901317 T0901317: an LXRalpha and LXRbeta agonist	2.42	2	0
h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.1	1	0	N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.03	1	0	actinomycin	mutagen
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	11.3	30	8	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
aphidicolin Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.	1.96	1	0	tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; apoptosis inducer; Aspergillus metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	2.02	1	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	2.03	1	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
geraniol [no description available]	1.99	1	0	3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol	allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.64	3	0	isomethyleugenol
squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate	8.09	29	1	triterpene	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	2	1	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
gw9662 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding	2.31	1	0	benzamides
enclomiphene Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.	2.64	3	0
n-methyl-n-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide : An N-silyl compound that is N-methyltrifluoroacetamide in which the amide nitrogen is replaced by a tert-butyldimethylsilyl group.	2.06	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-silyl compound; trifluoroacetamide	chromatographic reagent
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	2.31	1	0	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
nadp [no description available]	2.89	4	0
20-hydroperoxycholesterol 20-hydroperoxycholesterol: RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer	2.03	1	0
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	11.95	54	9
24,25-epoxycholesterol 24,25-epoxycholesterol: Rn given refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer; structure given in first source. 24(S),25-epoxycholesterol : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is desmosterol in which the double bond at position 24-25 has been oxidised to the corresponding epoxide (the 24S diastereoisomer). It is an oxysterol agonist of the liver X receptor.	4.05	4	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; cholestanoid; epoxy steroid	liver X receptor agonist
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	3.43	1	1	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
stigmasterol stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.	5.98	21	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	plant metabolite
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	8.84	12	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	1.95	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
previtamin d(3) previtamin D3 : A hydroxy seco-steroid which is an intermediate in the production of vitamin D3 in human skin.	1.97	1	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol	human metabolite
brassicasterol brassicasterol : An 3beta-sterol that is (22E)-ergosta-5,22-diene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3beta. It is a phytosterol found in marine algae, fish, and rapeseed oil.	2.75	3	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	algal metabolite; animal metabolite; biomarker; EC 1.3.1.72 (Delta(24)-sterol reductase) inhibitor; human metabolite; marine metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
geranylgeraniol (E,E,E)-geranylgeraniol : A geranylgeraniol in which all four double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	1.99	1	0	geranylgeraniol
cholesta-3,5-dien-7-one [no description available]	2.02	1	0
fucosterol [no description available]	7.68	3	0	steroid
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.	2.04	1	0	phosphatidylcholine(1+)
22,23-dihydroergosterol 22,23-dihydroergosterol: RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer. ergosta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol : A phytosterol consiting of ergostane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 7,8-positions as well as a 3beta-hydroxy group.	2.03	1	0	3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	1.94	1	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
n-caproylsphingosine N-(hexanoyl)sphing-4-enine : An N-acylsphingosine consisting of sphing-4-enine bearing a hexanoyl group on nitrogen.	2	1	0	N-acylsphingosine
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	1.95	1	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.	3.44	1	1	(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
mevalonolactone mevalonolactone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation; structure. mevalonolactone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-mevalonolactone and (S)-mevalonolactone.	1.96	1	0	4-hydroxy-4-methyloxan-2-one	fungal metabolite; plant metabolite
cholestanol Cholestanol: A cholesterol derivative found in human feces, gallstones, eggs, and other biological matter.	9.18	17	6	cholestanoid
dolichols Dolichols: A class of polyprenols which contain approximately 20 isoprene residues. Although considered ISOPRENOIDS, they terminate with an alpha-saturated isoprenoid group at the hydroxy end of the molecule.	1.95	1	0	polyterpene
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer	2.49	2	0
bm 15766 BM 15766: 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase antagonist	1.98	1	0
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide Sulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.. 1-(3-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactosyl)-N-tetracosanoylsphingosine : A D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine having a sulfo group at the 3-position on the galactose ring and tetracosanoyl as the N-acyl group.	1.95	1	0	galactosylceramide sulfate; N-acyl-beta-D-galactosylsphingosine
beta-escin [no description available]	2.31	1	0
dalcetrapib dalcetrapib: inhibits cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)	3.45	1	1	anilide
u 18666a 3-beta-(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one: inhibits cycloartenol synthase. 3beta-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of 3beta-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. It is a cholesterol synthesis and transport inhibitor.	3.47	8	0	hydrochloride	antiviral agent; EC 1.3.1.72 (Delta(24)-sterol reductase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; nicotinic antagonist; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
ubiquinol ubiquinol: reduced forms of ubiquinone; see also record for ubiquinol 10. ubiquinol-10 : A ubiquinol in which the polyprenyl substituent is decaprenyl.	2.05	1	0	polyprenylhydroquinone; ubiquinol	biomarker; metabolite
g(m1) ganglioside G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage.	2.05	1	0	alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine; sialotetraosylceramide
azacosterol Azacosterol: Diaza derivative of cholesterol which acts as a hypocholesteremic agent by blocking delta-24-reductase, which causes the accumulation of desmosterol.	5.14	15	0
masitinib [no description available]	2.17	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzamides; N-alkylpiperazine; pyridines	antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
24-hydroxycholesterol 24-hydroxycholesterol : An oxysterol that is cholesterol which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 24.	2.48	2	0	24-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; oxysterol
phytosterols Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.	12.41	53	8
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	1.95	1	0	peptide hormone
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	1.99	1	0
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	3.92	13	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	2.05	1	0
phosphatidylcholines 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer. 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A phosphatidylcholine 36:1 in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 are stearoyl and oleoyl respectively.	1.97	1	0	1-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine; 1-octadecanoyl-2-octadecenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
ponatinib [no description available]	2.17	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; acetylenic compound; benzamides; imidazopyridazine; N-methylpiperazine	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
mannans [no description available]	3.38	1	1
glycolipids [no description available]	4.96	7	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.53	2	0
4-methylcholest-7-en-3-ol 4-methylcholest-7-en-3-ol: RN given refers to (3beta,4alpha,5alpha)-isomer	2.37	2	0
gorgosterol gorgosterol: structure	1.98	1	0	steroid
nab741 SPR741: a novel agent with structural similarity to polymyxins that is capable of potentiating the activities of various classes of antibiotics	2.17	1	0
digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.	1.95	1	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	1.95	1	0
methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position	1.95	1	0	nitroso compound	alkylating agent
cholestyramine resin Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.	2.65	3	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	2.41	1	0
filipin Filipin: A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important.	2.37	2	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	3.31	2	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	3.31	2	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	9.21	44	0
Atheroma [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	4.67	5	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	9.67	5	1
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	9.21	44	0
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	2.41	1	0
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	2.41	1	0
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	5.74	11	2
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective [description not available]	4.76	7	1
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	5.74	11	2
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).	4.76	7	1
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	2.4	2	0
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.	2.38	2	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	5.87	13	2
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	5.51	5	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.52	2	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	2.39	2	0
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	3.03	4	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	3.03	4	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	2.25	1	0
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.	2.31	1	0
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	2.4	2	0
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Carditis [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	2.17	1	0
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	2.17	1	0
Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.	2.17	1	0
Tachycardia, Ventricular An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).	2.17	1	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	5.38	14	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	2.17	1	0
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	3.4	2	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	3.12	1	0
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	3.12	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	3.3	2	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	3.43	2	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	3.12	1	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	3.12	1	0
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	3.12	1	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	3.68	3	0
Preterm Birth [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.	2.21	1	0
Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).	2.21	1	0
7-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase Deficiency [description not available]	5.12	7	0
Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.	4.19	6	0
Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	5.43	10	0
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome An autosomal recessive disorder of CHOLESTEROL metabolism. It is caused by a deficiency of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, the enzyme that converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol, leading to an abnormally low plasma cholesterol. This syndrome is characterized by multiple CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES, growth deficiency, and INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY.	5.12	7	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	2.99	4	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	2.99	4	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	3	1	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	4.08	5	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	4.08	5	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.66	3	0
Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined A type of familial lipid metabolism disorder characterized by a variable pattern of elevated plasma CHOLESTEROL and/or TRIGLYCERIDES. Multiple genes on different chromosomes may be involved, such as the major late transcription factor (UPSTREAM STIMULATORY FACTORS) on CHROMOSOME 1.	2.77	3	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	2.79	3	0
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	2.79	3	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	2.13	1	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	2.13	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	8.57	9	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	5.76	4	2
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	5.76	4	2
Malabsorption Syndromes General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.	2.05	1	0
Short Bowel Syndrome A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	2.05	1	0
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	3.82	2	1
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	3.82	2	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	2.05	1	0
Anxiety Neuroses [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Anxiety Disorders Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.	2.06	1	0
Absence of Corpus Callosum [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Microcephaly A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)	7.06	1	0
Congenital Micrognathia [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	3.63	3	0
Congenital Limb Deformities [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Child Development Deviations [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Developmental Disabilities Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)	2.01	1	0
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	3.4	1	1
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	3.4	1	1
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	4.25	4	1
Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Xanthoma [description not available]	7.35	2	0
Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.	1.94	1	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	1.94	1	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	1.94	1	0
Myxedema A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (EDEMA) with abnormal deposits of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of THYROID HORMONES. The skin becomes puffy around the eyes and on the cheeks. The face is dull and expressionless with thickened nose and lips.	1.94	1	0
Reproductive Sterility [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Infertility A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.	2.01	1	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	2.03	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	4.73	7	1
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	3.41	1	1
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	3.41	1	1
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	5.8	16	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	5.8	16	0
Myotonia Prolonged failure of muscle relaxation after contraction. This may occur after voluntary contractions, muscle percussion, or electrical stimulation of the muscle. Myotonia is a characteristic feature of MYOTONIC DISORDERS.	4.88	14	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	1.96	1	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	1.96	1	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	2.36	2	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	2.64	3	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	1.96	1	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	2.4	2	0
Colonic Diseases, Functional Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category.	1.99	1	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	1.99	1	0
Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available]	3.79	2	0
Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.	3.79	2	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available]	3.38	1	1
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	3.38	1	1
Itching [description not available]	3.38	1	1
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).	3.38	1	1
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	3.38	1	1
Chondrodysplasia Punctata A heterogeneous group of bone dysplasias, the common character of which is stippling of the epiphyses in infancy. The group includes a severe autosomal recessive form (CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA, RHIZOMELIC), an autosomal dominant form (Conradi-Hunermann syndrome), and a milder X-linked form. Metabolic defects associated with impaired peroxisomes are present only in the rhizomelic form.	3.79	2	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	2	1	0
Autism [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Bone Diseases, Developmental Diseases resulting in abnormal GROWTH or abnormal MORPHOGENESIS of BONES.	2.92	1	0
Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)	2.92	1	0
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	1.95	1	0
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	1.95	1	0
alpha-LCAT Deficiency [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency An autosomal recessive disorder of lipoprotein metabolism caused by mutation of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE gene. It is characterized by low HDL-cholesterol levels, and the triad of CORNEAL OPACITIES; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; and PROTEINURIA with renal failure.	1.95	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	1.95	1	0
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	3.66	10	0
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Anaplastic Ependymoma [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	3.05	5	0
Ependymoma Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)	2.35	2	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	8.66	10	0
Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)	1.95	1	0
Oligodendroglioma A relatively slow-growing glioma that is derived from oligodendrocytes and tends to occur in the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or lateral ventricle. They may present at any age, but are most frequent in the third to fifth decades, with an earlier incidence peak in the first decade. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, relatively avascular, and tend to form cysts and microcalcifications. Neoplastic cells tend to have small round nuclei surrounded by unstained nuclei. The tumors may vary from well-differentiated to highly anaplastic forms. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2052; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p655)	3.05	5	0
Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Myotonic Dystrophy Neuromuscular disorder characterized by PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY; MYOTONIA, and various multisystem atrophies. Mild INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY may also occur. Abnormal TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT EXPANSION in the 3' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS of DMPK PROTEIN gene is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 1. DNA REPEAT EXPANSION of zinc finger protein-9 gene intron is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 2.	2.35	2	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Diathesis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	1.95	1	0
Choriocarcinoma A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).	1.95	1	0
Peripheral Nerve Neoplasms [description not available]	3.27	2	0
Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from peripheral nerve tissue. This includes NEUROFIBROMAS; SCHWANNOMAS; GRANULAR CELL TUMORS; and malignant peripheral NERVE SHEATH NEOPLASMS. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp1750-1)	3.27	2	0
Embryopathies [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Neurilemoma [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Neurilemmoma A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)	2.86	4	0
African Lymphoma [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	1.95	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	1.98	1	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	2.37	2	0
Plasma Cell Tumor [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Plasmacytoma Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.	1.97	1	0
Celiac Sprue [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.	1.96	1	0
Niemann-Pick Disease [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Niemann-Pick Diseases A group of autosomal recessive disorders in which harmful quantities of lipids accumulate in the viscera and the central nervous system. They can be caused by deficiencies of enzyme activities (SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE) or defects in intracellular transport, resulting in the accumulation of SPHINGOMYELINS and CHOLESTEROL. There are various subtypes based on their clinical and genetic differences.	1.96	1	0
Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)	1.94	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	1.94	1	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	1.94	1	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	2.35	2	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	1.95	1	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	1.95	1	0
Choreoathetosis Self-Mutilation Hyperuricemia Syndrome [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome An inherited disorder transmitted as a sex-linked trait and caused by a deficiency of an enzyme of purine metabolism; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE. Affected individuals are normal in the first year of life and then develop psychomotor retardation, extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spasticity, and seizures. Self-destructive behaviors such as biting of fingers and lips are seen frequently. Intellectual impairment may also occur but is typically not severe. Elevation of uric acid in the serum leads to the development of renal calculi and gouty arthritis. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp127)	1.95	1	0
Infarct [description not available]	1.95	1	0
ARSA Deficiency [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Encephalitis, Inclusion Body, Measles [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic An autosomal recessive metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of CEREBROSIDE-SULFATASE leading to intralysosomal accumulation of cerebroside sulfate (SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS) in the nervous system and other organs. Pathological features include diffuse demyelination, and metachromatically-staining granules in many cell types such as the GLIAL CELLS. There are several allelic and nonallelic forms with a variety of neurological symptoms.	1.95	1	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	1.95	1	0
Batten Turner Congenital Myopathy [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Biliary Fistula Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs.	1.95	1	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	1.95	1	0
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	1.94	1	0
Spinal Cord Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA.	1.94	1	0

desmosterol

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