thyroxine and Inadequate Sleep studies

Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.
thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" What is the main finding and its importance? Central hypothyroidism and high thyroxine (T4 ) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3 ) activation in brown adipose tissue were observed following sleep deprivation."	3.81	Sleep deprivation alters thyroid hormone economy in rats. ( da Conceição, RR; da Cruz, NS; da Silva, AC; de Paula Nascimento, C; Marassi, MP; Olivares, EL; Rodrigues, NC, 2015)
"Thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T4), free T4, triiodothyronine (T3), and free T3 (fT3) concentrations were measured in 25 patients with major depressive disorder at 8 a."	3.68	Thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormone concentrations during partial sleep deprivation in patients with major depressive disorder. ( Baumgartner, A; Gräf, KJ; Kürten, I; Meinhold, H, 1990)
"Chronic sleep debt is becoming increasingly common and affects millions of people in more-developed countries."	2.69	Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. ( Leproult, R; Spiegel, K; Van Cauter, E, 1999)
"Total sleep deprivation (TSD) exerts strong modulatory effects on the secretory activity of endocrine systems that might be related to TSD-induced challenges of cerebral glucose metabolism."	1.39	Pituitary-gonadal and pituitary-thyroid axis hormone concentrations before and during a hypoglycemic clamp after sleep deprivation in healthy men. ( Hallschmid, M; Jauch-Chara, K; Oltmanns, KM; Schmid, SM; Schultes, B, 2013)
"Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation of rats were deprived by flower pot, and then the energy metabolism were detected."	1.36	[The effects of chronic rapid eye movement sleep deprivation on energy metabolism and FT3, FT4 level in serum of rats]. ( Shao, SL; Si, DL; Xu, XJ; Zeng, R; Zhang, WW, 2010)
"Corticosterone concentration was relatively unaffected."	1.32	Reductions in circulating anabolic hormones induced by sustained sleep deprivation in rats. ( Crowley, WR; Everson, CA, 2004)
"These studies showed that total sleep deprivation, paradoxical sleep deprivation, and disruption and/or deprivation of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep produced a reliable syndrome that included death, debilitated appearance, skin lesions, increased food intake, weight loss, increased energy expenditure, decreased body temperature during the late stages of deprivation, increased plasma norepinephrine, and decreased plasma thyroxine."	1.31	Sleep deprivation in the rat: X. Integration and discussion of the findings. 1989. ( Bergmann, BM; Everson, CA; Gilliland, MA; Kushida, CA; Rechtschaffen, A, 2002)
"Chronic total sleep deprivation (TSD) in the rat produces an initial elevation and then declining body temperatures, increasing metabolic rate and eventual death."	1.29	Sleep deprivation in the rat: XIX. Effects of thyroxine administration. ( Balzano, S; Bergmann, BM; Gilliland, MA; Rechtschaffen, A; Refetoff, S, 1995)
"Sustained sleep deprivation resulted in a decline from baseline in plasma FT4 of 73 +/- 6% and FT3 of 45 +/- 12%, which were similar to the declines in total hormone concentrations observed previously; nonstimulated TSH was unchanged."	1.29	Pituitary and peripheral thyroid hormone responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone during sustained sleep deprivation in freely moving rats. ( Everson, CA; Reed, HL, 1995)
"The effects of 24 h sleep deprivation (SD) on central thyroid hormone metabolism were investigated in rat frontal cortex."	1.29	The influence of sleep deprivation on thyroid hormone metabolism in rat frontal cortex. ( Baumgartner, A; Campos-Barros, A; Eravci, M; Köhler, R; Meinhold, H; Müller, F; Wesemann, W, 1993)
"Carbamazepine treatment normalized REM sleep variables, damped the amplitude of mood cycling of the patient, increased TSH and decreased FT4."	1.29	48-hour rapid cycling: results of psychopathometric, polysomnographic, PET imaging and neuro-endocrine longitudinal investigations in a single case. ( Berger, M; Dressing, H; Gann, H; Hohagen, F; Müller, WE; Riemann, D; Strauss, LG, 1993)
"As expected, sleep deprivation was associated with elevated TSH."	1.29	Total sleep deprivation and the thyroid axis: effects of sleep and waking activity. ( Dinges, DF; Douglas, SD; Gary, KA; Kapoor, S; Winokur, A; Zaugg, L, 1996)
"Prolonged sleep deprivation of the rat produces a progressive increase in energy expenditure and an eventual decrease in body temperature, which suggests a profound derangement in thermoregulation."	1.28	Effect of total sleep deprivation on 5'-deiodinase activity of rat brown adipose tissue. ( Balzano, S; Bergmann, BM; Gilliland, MA; Rechtschaffen, A; Refetoff, S; Silva, JE, 1990)
"Eight rats were subjected to total sleep deprivation, paradoxical sleep deprivation, or high amplitude sleep deprivation until they showed major deprivation-induced changes."	1.28	Sleep deprivation in the rat: IX. Recovery. ( Bergmann, BM; Everson, CA; Fang, VS; Gilliland, MA; Kushida, CA; Pilcher, JJ; Rechtschaffen, A; Refetoff, S, 1989)
"The results suggest that sleep deprivation provokes enhanced secretion of thyroid hormone(s), supposedly via increased secretion of TSH."	1.26	Thyroid and adrenomedullary reactions during sleep deprivation. ( Akerstedt, T; Fröberg, J; Melander, A; Palmblad, J; von Schenck, H, 1979)

Research

Studies (32)

Authors

Clinical Trials (7)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Acute Insulin Response to Glucose (AIRg)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	7 (21.88)	18.7374
1990's	14 (43.75)	18.2507
2000's	6 (18.75)	29.6817
2010's	5 (15.63)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Schmid, SM	2
Hallschmid, M	2
Jauch-Chara, K	2
Kück, MC	1
Lehnert, H	1
Schultes, B	2
Rodrigues, NC	1
da Cruz, NS	1
de Paula Nascimento, C	1
da Conceição, RR	1
da Silva, AC	1
Olivares, EL	1
Marassi, MP	1
Zeng, R	1
Shao, SL	1
Xu, XJ	1
Zhang, WW	1
Si, DL	1
Kessler, L	1
Nedeltcheva, A	1
Imperial, J	1
Penev, PD	1
Oltmanns, KM	1
Everson, CA	6
Crowley, WR	1
Stein, MT	1
Kessler, DB	1
Hubbard, E	1
Gelir, E	1
Arslan, SO	1
Sayan, H	1
Pinar, L	1
Opstad, PK	3
Falch, D	1
Oktedalen, O	1
Fonnum, F	2
Wergeland, R	1
Aakvaag, A	2
Bergmann, BM	7
Gilliland, MA	4
Balzano, S	2
Refetoff, S	5
Rechtschaffen, A	7
Reed, HL	1
Goichot, B	1
Brandenberger, G	1
Saini, J	1
Wittersheim, G	1
Follenius, M	1
Campos-Barros, A	1
Köhler, R	1
Müller, F	1
Eravci, M	1
Meinhold, H	3
Wesemann, W	1
Baumgartner, A	3
Gann, H	1
Riemann, D	1
Hohagen, F	1
Strauss, LG	1
Dressing, H	1
Müller, WE	1
Berger, M	1
Gary, KA	1
Winokur, A	1
Douglas, SD	1
Kapoor, S	1
Zaugg, L	1
Dinges, DF	1
Parekh, PI	1
Ketter, TA	1
Altshuler, L	1
Frye, MA	1
Callahan, A	1
Marangell, L	1
Post, RM	1
Spiegel, K	1
Leproult, R	1
Van Cauter, E	1
Kushida, CA	3
Nowak, TS	1
Palmblad, J	1
Akerstedt, T	1
Fröberg, J	1
Melander, A	1
von Schenck, H	1
Sand, T	1
Southmayd, SE	1
Kasurak, P	1
MacDonald, B	1
Waldron, J	1
Szuba, MP	1
Altshuler, LL	1
Baxter, LR	1
Pilcher, JJ	2
Fang, VS	3
Gräf, KJ	1
Kürten, I	1
Sakaue, K	1
Silva, JE	1
Leitch, CA	1
Schoeller, DA	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiological Adaptations to Intermittent Hypoxia. Physiological Aspects and Expression of Receptors and Cellular Mediators[NCT02058823]	Phase 4	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-08-07	Terminated (stopped due to budget constraints)
The Effect of Sleep Extension on Glucose Metabolism in Women With Previous Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes[NCT03638102]		18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-02-01	Completed
AgeWise Project 2: Reducing Stress and Sleep Disturbances in Caregivers of Patients With Progressive Dementia[NCT00178568]		60 participants (Actual)	Observational	2003-02-28	Completed
Impact of Sleep Restriction on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Pre vs Postmenopausal Women[NCT02835261]		54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-09-01	Completed
The SLuMBER Study: The Sleep Lengthening and Metabolic Health, Body Composition, Energy Balance and Cardiovascular Risk Study[NCT02787577]		43 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-30	Completed
Sleep for Health: A Randomized Clinical Trial Examining the Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on Diabetes Risk[NCT06067139]		300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-01	Recruiting
The Effects of Eszopiclone Treatment (3mg for Two Months) to Counteract the Adverse Metabolic Consequences of Primary Insomnia[NCT00555750]		20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-03-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Change over two months in 1st phase Insulin secretion (NCT00555750)
Timeframe: baseline and 2 months post-treatment

Change in Glucose Effectiveness (SG)

Intervention	mUl^-1min (Mean)
Active	94.0
Placebo	25.1

"Glucose effectiveness was defined as the ability of glucose itself to enhance its own disappearance independent of an increment in insulin. [R. Bergman, Horm Res 2005;64(suppl 3):8-15].~SG calculated using Bergman's Minimal model analyses (Minmod Millennium 2000; R. Bergman, University of South- ern California, Los Angeles, CA)" (NCT00555750)
Timeframe: baseline and 2 months post-treatment

Change in Glucose Tolerance (Kg) in Response to Insulin-modified Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test

Intervention	min^-1 (Mean)
Active	0.001
Placebo	0.001

Difference in glucose tolerance (Kg) in response to insulin-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test. Glucose tolerance was calculated as the slope of the natural log of declining glucose values from minute 5 to minute 19 post-infusion. By convention, this negative slope is multiplied by -1, in other words, expressed as a rate of disposal. (NCT00555750)
Timeframe: baseline and 2 months post-treatment

Change in HbA1c Levels

Intervention	%/min, slope of natural log glucose (Mean)
Active	.33
Placebo	-0.10

Difference in HbA1c levels following two months treatment with eszopiclone versus placebo (NCT00555750)
Timeframe: baseline and 2 months post-treatment

Change in Insulin Sensitivity (SI)

Intervention	percentage of glycosylation (Mean)
Active	.03
Placebo	-.09

"Insulin sensitivity index (SI) was defined in quantitative terms as the effect of insulin to catalyse the disappearance of glucose from plasma. [R. Bergman, Horm Res 2005;64(suppl 3):8-15].~SI calculated using Bergman's Minimal model analyses (Minmod Millennium 2000; R. Bergman, University of South- ern California, Los Angeles, CA)" (NCT00555750)
Timeframe: baseline and 2 months post-treatment

Change in Mean Lapses of Attention

Intervention	mU/l)^-1*min^-1 (Mean)
Active	-1.19
Placebo	0.05

At visits before and after two months treatment with 3mg eszopiclone or placebo, subjects completed a short test battery every three hours during wake periods. The battery included the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). The PVT involved a 10-minute visual reaction time (RT) performance test in which the subject was instructed to maintain the fastest possible RT to a simple visual stimulus. Lapses of attention refer to the number of times the subject failed to respond to the signal within 500ms. Mean lapses per test across 6 tests given a 4 hour intervals during normal waking hours (and not during the IVGTT) during the 30-hr were compared for the post-treatment visit as the absolute deviation from the baseline mean lapses/test. (NCT00555750)
Timeframe: baseline and 2 months post-treatment

Change in Subjective Sleepiness as Measured on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS)

Intervention	lapses of attention (Mean)
Active	-0.04
Placebo	0.07

"At visits before and after two months treatment with 3mg eszopiclone or placebo, subjects completed a short test battery including the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) every three hours during wake periods. KSS is a single-item scale of sleepiness on a scale from 1 (very alert) to 9 (very sleepy, fighting sleep, an effort to keep awake). Subjective sleepiness was defined as mean deviation from baseline KSS." (NCT00555750)
Timeframe: baseline and 2 months post-treatment

Change in Total Sleep Time as Reported in Sleep Diaries

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Active	0.53
Placebo	0.38

Total sleep time reported on sleep diaries prior to treatment with 3mg eszopiclone or placebo. Change defined as baseline minus post-treatment). (NCT00555750)
Timeframe: baseline and 2 months post-treatment

Change in Total Sleep Time Measured by PSG

Intervention	hours (Mean)
Active	.58
Placebo	.09

Change (baseline minus post-treatment) in total sleep time measured by polysomnography after two months treatment with 3mg eszopiclone or placebo (NCT00555750)
Timeframe: baseline and 2 months post-treatment

Post-treatment Ghrelin Levels

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
Active	2.9
Placebo	-6.4

Ghrelin levels following two months treatment with 3mg eszopiclone or placebo, measured after an overnight fast (NCT00555750)
Timeframe: 2 months post-treatment

Post-treatment Leptin Levels

Intervention	ng/mL (Mean)
Active	544.95
Placebo	670.94

Leptin levels following two months treatment with 3mg eszopiclone or placebo, measured after an overnight fast (NCT00555750)
Timeframe: two months post-treatment

Pre-treatment Ghrelin Levels

Intervention	ng/mL (Mean)
Active	5.49
Placebo	15.28

Ghrelin levels prior to two months treatment with 3mg eszopiclone or placebo, measured after an overnight fast (NCT00555750)
Timeframe: baseline

Pre-Treatment Leptin Levels

Intervention	ng/mL (Mean)
Active	573.14
Placebo	648.41

Leptin Levels prior to two months treatment with eszopiclone or placebo, measure after an overnight fast (NCT00555750)
Timeframe: baseline

Article	Year
Partial sleep restriction modulates secretory activity of thyrotropic axis in healthy men. Journal of sleep research, 2013, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Male; Sleep Deprivation; Thyroid Gland; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine; T	2013
The thyroid function in young men during prolonged exercise and the effect of energy and sleep deprivation. Clinical endocrinology, 1984, Volume: 20, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Male; Physical Exertion; Sleep Depriva	1984
Relationships between thyroid hormone and antidepressant responses to total sleep deprivation in mood disorder patients. Biological psychiatry, 1998, Mar-01, Volume: 43, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Mood Disorders; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales;	1998
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999
Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-23, Volume: 354, Issue:9188 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Endocrine System; Hu	1999

Article	Year
Sleep deprivation alters thyroid hormone economy in rats. Experimental physiology, 2015, Feb-01, Volume: 100, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Hypothyroidism; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sleep Deprivation	2015
[The effects of chronic rapid eye movement sleep deprivation on energy metabolism and FT3, FT4 level in serum of rats]. Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology, 2010, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Energy Metabolism; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sleep Deprivation; Sleep, REM; Thyroxine; Time	2010
Changes in serum TSH and free T4 during human sleep restriction. Sleep, 2010, Volume: 33, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Humans; Male; Recurrence; Reference Values; Sleep Deprivation; Thyr	2010
Pituitary-gonadal and pituitary-thyroid axis hormone concentrations before and during a hypoglycemic clamp after sleep deprivation in healthy men. PloS one, 2013, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Gonads; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Male; Pituitary Gland; Prolactin; Sleep Deprivation; Testostero	2013
Reductions in circulating anabolic hormones induced by sustained sleep deprivation in rats. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2004, Volume: 286, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Corticosterone; Eating; Growth Hormone; Hormones; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Insulin-L	2004
Failure to thrive in a four-month-old nursing infant. Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP, 2004, Volume: 25, Issue:5 Suppl Topics: Breast Feeding; Diagnosis, Differential; Energy Intake; Failure to Thrive; Female; Humans; Hypothyro	2004
Effect of rapid-eye-movement sleep deprivation on rat hypothalamic prostaglandins. Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids, 2005, Volume: 73, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Dinoprostone; Hypothalamus; Male; Prostaglandin D2; Prostaglandins; Rats; Rats	2005
The effect of a high calory diet on hormonal changes in young men during prolonged physical strain and sleep deprivation. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 1981, Volume: 46, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Diet; Energy Intake; Growth Hormone; Hormones; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Insulin; Male; Physica	1981
Sleep deprivation in the rat: XIX. Effects of thyroxine administration. Sleep, 1995, Volume: 18, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Electroencephalography; Electromyography;	1995
Pituitary and peripheral thyroid hormone responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone during sustained sleep deprivation in freely moving rats. Endocrinology, 1995, Volume: 136, Issue:4 Topics: Adipose Tissue, Brown; Animals; Iodide Peroxidase; Male; Pituitary Gland; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley	1995
Nycthemeral patterns of thyroid hormones and their relationships with thyrotropin variations and sleep structure. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 1994, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Enteral Nutrition; Humans; Male; Polysomnography; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation; Sleep Stages; Thy	1994
The influence of sleep deprivation on thyroid hormone metabolism in rat frontal cortex. Neuroscience letters, 1993, Nov-12, Volume: 162, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; Iodide Peroxidase; Isoenzymes; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats,	1993
48-hour rapid cycling: results of psychopathometric, polysomnographic, PET imaging and neuro-endocrine longitudinal investigations in a single case. Journal of affective disorders, 1993, Volume: 28, Issue:2 Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Carbamazepine; Cerebral Cortex; Circadian Rhythm; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relatio	1993
Total sleep deprivation and the thyroid axis: effects of sleep and waking activity. Aviation, space, and environmental medicine, 1996, Volume: 67, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Male; Sleep Deprivation; Thyroid Gland; Thyro	1996
Sleep deprivation in the rat: X. Integration and discussion of the findings. 1989. Sleep, 2002, Feb-01, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Body Temperature Regulation; Brain; Circadian Rhythm; Electroencephalography; Energy Metabo	2002
Hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone mRNA responses to hypothyroxinemia induced by sleep deprivation. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2002, Volume: 283, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Hypothalamus; In Situ Hybridization; Iodide Peroxidase; Io	2002
Thyroid and adrenomedullary reactions during sleep deprivation. Acta endocrinologica, 1979, Volume: 90, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Adult; Epinephrine; Humans; Male; Norepinephrine; Sleep Deprivation; Thyroid Gland;	1979
Hormonal changes in serum in young men during prolonged physical strain. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 1978, Oct-20, Volume: 39, Issue:4 Topics: Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Growth Hormone; Luteinizing Hormone; Military Medicine; Norway; Prolac	1978
Therapeutic sleep deprivation in a depressed patient: prolongation of response with concurrent thyroxine. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1992, Volume: 86, Issue:1 Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Middle Aged;	1992
Thyroid function and partial sleep deprivation response. Archives of general psychiatry, 1992, Volume: 49, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arousal; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sleep Depr	1992
Sleep deprivation in the rat: XIII. The effect of hypothyroidism on sleep deprivation symptoms. Sleep, 1991, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Adipose Tissue, Brown; Animals; Body Temperature Regulation; Circadian Rhythm; Energy Metabolism; Ep	1991
Thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormone concentrations during partial sleep deprivation in patients with major depressive disorder. Journal of psychiatric research, 1990, Volume: 24, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Arousal; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Slee	1990
[Studies on the factors affecting serum thyrotropin levels in healthy controls and on the thyroid function in depressed patients using a highly sensitive immunoassay]. Nihon Naibunpi Gakkai zasshi, 1990, Oct-20, Volume: 66, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Aged; Circadian Rhythm; Depression; Female; Fluoroimmunoassay; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ref	1990
Effect of total sleep deprivation on 5'-deiodinase activity of rat brown adipose tissue. Endocrinology, 1990, Volume: 127, Issue:2 Topics: Acclimatization; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Animals; Hyperthyroidism; Iodide Peroxidase; Kidney; Liver;	1990
Sleep deprivation in the rat: V. Energy use and mediation. Sleep, 1989, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Arousal; Body Temperature Regulation;	1989
Sleep deprivation in the rat: IX. Recovery. Sleep, 1989, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Arousal; Body Temperature Regulation;	1989
Sleep deprivation and thyroid hormone concentrations. Psychiatry research, 1986, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sleep Deprivation; Thyrotropin;	1986

thyroxine and Inadequate Sleep