retinal cone cell development

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Development of a cone cell, one of the sensory cells in the eye that reacts to the presence of light. Cone cells contain the photopigment iodopsin or cyanopsin and are responsible for photopic (daylight) vision. [ISBN:0198506732]

Retinal cone cell development is a complex process that involves the coordinated action of multiple genes and signaling pathways. It begins with the formation of the optic vesicle, an outpouching of the developing brain. The optic vesicle then invaginates and forms the optic cup, which will eventually give rise to the retina. The cells that will become cone photoreceptors are initially specified within the optic cup and are characterized by the expression of specific transcription factors, such as Otx2 and Pax6.

These progenitor cells then undergo a series of cell divisions and differentiation steps. During this period, they express specific markers, such as the cone-specific transcription factor Crx, and develop specialized features, including the synthesis of cone-specific opsins, the light-sensitive pigments responsible for color vision. Opsins are transmembrane proteins that are embedded in the membranes of disk-shaped structures within the outer segments of the cone photoreceptor cells. These disks are formed by the invagination of the plasma membrane and contain the light-sensitive opsins.

The development of the outer segment is a critical step in cone cell development, as it enables the photoreceptor to capture light and convert it into electrical signals. These signals are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve, allowing us to see. The development of the outer segment involves the assembly of a specialized cytoskeleton, which provides structural support for the growing disk membranes. The outer segment also contains a complex array of proteins, including rhodopsin, transducin, and phosphodiesterase, which play critical roles in phototransduction, the process by which light is converted into an electrical signal.

Finally, cone cells establish connections with bipolar cells, which transmit the signals to ganglion cells, the output neurons of the retina. These complex neural circuits allow us to perceive the world around us in vivid detail. The development of these complex neural circuits is highly regulated and requires the precise timing of gene expression and cell-cell interactions. The process is susceptible to disruptions, which can lead to visual impairments.'
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Proteins (3)

Compounds (26)