| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|
hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | gas molecular entity;
hydracid;
mononuclear parent hydride;
sulfur hydride | Escherichia coli metabolite;
genotoxin;
metabolite;
signalling molecule;
toxin;
vasodilator agent |
histamine
[no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter |
14,15-epoxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid
14,15-epoxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid | |
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | monoazo compound | |
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates | anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent |
ciglitazone
ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether;
thiazolidinone | antineoplastic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug |
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes | anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist |
ebselen
ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | benzoselenazole | anti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger |
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups. | 2 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole | analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic |
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine | |
pd 98059
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone | EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector |
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity. | 4.3 | 4 | 1 | chromanes;
thiazolidinone | anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent |
thymidine
[no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | 2-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine | antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone |
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes | carcinogenic agent |
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine | EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical |
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
fluocinolone acetonide
Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug |
trifluoroacetic acid
Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalkanoic acid | human xenobiotic metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
reagent |
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
thiazoles
[no description available] | 4.64 | 6 | 1 | 1,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene | |
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
triphenylphosphine
triphenylphosphine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triphenylphosphine : A member of the class of tertiary phosphines that is phosphane in which the three hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes;
tertiary phosphine | NMR chemical shift reference compound;
reducing agent |
mercury
Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | elemental mercury;
zinc group element atom | neurotoxin |
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom | |
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester | antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator |
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | benzenes;
phenyl acetates | |
n-methyl-n-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide
N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide : An N-silyl compound that is N-methyltrifluoroacetamide in which the amide nitrogen is replaced by a trimethylsilyl group. N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide is a derivatisation agent used in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applications. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-silyl compound;
trifluoroacetamide | chromatographic reagent |
alkenes
[no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | | |
darglitazone
[no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | | |
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | D-glucopyranose | epitope;
mouse metabolite |
25-hydroxycholesterol
[no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | 25-hydroxy steroid;
oxysterol | human metabolite |
masoprocol
Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | nordihydroguaiaretic acid | antineoplastic agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite |
rosiglitazone
[no description available] | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones | EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug |
cholest-5-ene-3 beta,26-diol
cholest-5-ene-3 beta,26-diol: isolated from human brain. 26-hydroxycholesterol : An oxysterol that is cholesterol substituted at position 26 by a hydroxy group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 26-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
oxysterol | EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite |
u 74389f
U 74389F: a 21-aminosteroid antioxidant (lazaroids); inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; structure in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | | |
u 74500a
U 74500A: potent inhibitor of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation; has excellent activity in in vivo models of experimental CNS trauma & ischemia; structure given in first source; RN given is for 3,6-bis(diethylamino) cpd; Cancer Lett 1992;64(1):61-6 uses 5,6-bis(diethylamino) cpd for U 74500A | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | | |
singlet oxygen
Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | chalcogen;
monoatomic oxygen;
nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid. | 4.78 | 12 | 0 | icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid | Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | octadec-9-enoic acid | antioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent |
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17. | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid | anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical |
prostaglandin d2
Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer). | 4.02 | 4 | 0 | prostaglandins D | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
gw9662
2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
sesquiterpenes
[no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | | |
gw 7647
GW 7647: a PPAR-alpha agonist; structure in first source. GW 7647 : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-(phenylsulfanyl)isobutyric acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the para- position by a 3-aza-7-cyclohexylhept-1-yl group in which the nitrogen is acylated by a (cyclohexylamino)carbonyl group. | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
ureas | PPARalpha agonist |
sodium borohydride
sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt;
metal tetrahydridoborate | |
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4. | 3.19 | 1 | 0 | sphing-4-enine | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic |
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
linoleic acid
Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 6.13 | 30 | 1 | octadecadienoic acid;
omega-6 fatty acid | algal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
plant metabolite |
leukotriene b4
Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
leukotriene;
long-chain fatty acid | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasoconstrictor agent |
8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid
8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid 20:3;
long-chain fatty acid | fungal metabolite;
human metabolite;
nutraceutical |
5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
5(S)-HETE : A HETE having a (5S)-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.. 5-HETE : A HETE having a 5-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds. | 3.49 | 8 | 0 | HETE | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
9-deoxy-delta-9-prostaglandin d2
9-deoxy-delta-9-prostaglandin D2: has potent antineoplastic & weak smooth muscle contracting activities; structure given in first source. prostaglandin J2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins J that consists of prosta-5,9,13-trien-1-oic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 11 and a hydroxy group at position 15 (the 5Z,13E,15S stereoisomer). | 2 | 1 | 0 | prostaglandins J | human metabolite |
alpha-linolenic acid
linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid. | 3.59 | 2 | 0 | linolenic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid | micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical |
jasmonic acid
jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | oxo monocarboxylic acid | jasmonates;
plant metabolite |
anandamide
anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | endocannabinoid;
N-acylethanolamine 20:4 | human blood serum metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent |
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha
8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | F2-isoprostane | biomarker;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
vasoconstrictor agent |
9,11-linoleic acid
9,11-linoleic acid: a conjugated dienoic linoleate (CLA); RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation in Chemline. (9E,11E)-octadecadienoic acid : An octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid having 9-trans,11-trans-stereochemistry. | 2.91 | 1 | 0 | octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid | anti-inflammatory agent;
antiatherogenic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
human metabolite |
trans-10,cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid
(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acid : An octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid having (10E,12Z)-configuration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid | |
10,12-octadecadienoic acid
10,12-octadecadienoic acid: a conjugated dienoic linoleate (CLA); structure given in first source | 2.91 | 1 | 0 | lipid | |
9-hydroperoxy-11,12-octadecadienoic acid
9-hydroperoxy-11,12-octadecadienoic acid: RN refers to (E,E)-isomer | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
octadecadienoic acid | |
13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid
13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid: chemorepellant factor which maintains blood vessel wall thromboresistance; RN given refers to unspecified stereoisomer | 15.09 | 80 | 1 | octadecadienoic acid | |
9-oxo-10,12-octadecadienoic acid
9-oxo-10,12-octadecadienoic acid: structure given in first source. 9-oxo-10E,12E-ODE : An oxooctadecadienoic acid that consists of 10E,12E-octadecadienoic acid with the oxo substituent located at position 9. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | enone;
oxooctadecadienoic acid | metabolite |
13-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoic acid
13-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoic acid: found in biological membranes oxygenated by the reticulocyte lipoxygenase. 13-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoic acid : An oxooctadecadienoic acid that is 9,11-octadecadienoic acid in which the oxo group is located at position 13.. 13-oxo-9E,11E-ODE : An oxooctadecadienoic acid that consists of 9E,11E-octadecadienoic acid with the oxo substituent located at position 13. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | 13-oxo-9,11-octadecadienoic acid;
oxo fatty acid | metabolite |
thromboxane b2
Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. | 2.91 | 1 | 0 | thromboxanes B | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 4-hydroxynon-2-enal;
4-hydroxynonenal | |
sphingosine 1-phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R*,S*-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1 | 3.19 | 1 | 0 | sphingoid 1-phosphate | mouse metabolite;
signalling molecule;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist;
T-cell proliferation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent |
deamino arginine vasopressin
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide | diagnostic agent;
renal agent;
vasopressin receptor agonist |
15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin j2
15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2: 15-deoxy-PGJ2 is also available; check for double bonds (indicated by delta) at 12 and 14 positions. 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 : A prostaglandin J derivative comprising prostaglandin J2 lacking the 15-hydroxy group and having C=C double bonds at the 12- and 14-positions. | 3.8 | 3 | 0 | prostaglandins J | electrophilic reagent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
metabolite |
lysophosphatidylcholines
lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid
12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid: metabolite of arachidonic acid in blood platelet suspension; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
trienoic fatty acid | metabolite |
lead
Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | carbon group element atom;
elemental lead;
metal atom | neurotoxin |
11-hydroxy-5,8,12,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
11-hydroxy-5,8,12,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | | |
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51) | 4.69 | 11 | 0 | | |
13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid
13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid: RN given refers to (E,Z)-isomer; RN for unspecified isomer not in Chemline 8/12/83. 13-HPODE : An HPODE (hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid) in which the double bonds are at positions 9 and 11 (E and Z geometry, respectively) and the hydroperoxy group is at position 13. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
octadecadienoic acid | |
15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid
15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid: potent & selective inhibitor of platelet lipoxygenase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 4.12 | 16 | 0 | | |
2-(4-amylcinnamoyl)amino-4-chlorobenzoic acid
2-(4-amylcinnamoyl)amino-4-chlorobenzoic acid: phospholipase A2 inhibitor | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | | |
8-hydroxylinoleic acid
8-hydroxylinoleic acid: RN given refers to (9Z,12Z)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/92 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | | |
9-hydroxy-10,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid
9-hydroxy-10,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S-(E,Z,Z))-isomer; cpd without isomeric designation not avail 1/90. 9(S)-HOTrE : A 9-HOTrE consisting of (10E,12Z,15Z)-octadecatrienoic acid in which the 9-hydroxy group has S-configuration. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | 9-HOTrE | plant metabolite |
gw 1929
GW 1929: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; structure in first source | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | benzophenones | |
l-165041
4-(3-(2-propyl-3-hydroxy-4-acetyl)phenoxy)propyloxyphenoxy acetic acid: a PPAR-delta agonist has regulatory effects on a variety of adipokines, and these effects might explain some of their metabolic function. | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
10(9)-hydroxystearic acid
10(9)-hydroxystearic acid: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also records for 9-hydroxystearic acid & 10-hydroxystearic acid. 9-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid : A hydroxyoctadecanoic acid that is octadecanoic acid (stearic acid) which has been substituted by a hydroxy group at position 9. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyoctadecanoic acid | |
gw 9578
GW 9578: a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist; structure in first source | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | | |
gw 7845
GW 7845: ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; structure in first source | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | | |
gw 590735
2-methyl-2-(4-(((4-methyl-2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-thiazol-5-ylcarbonyl)amino)methyl)phenoxy)propionic acid: an HDLc raising agent; structure in first source | 3.17 | 1 | 0 | | |
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | benzoxazole | |
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid
hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid: structure in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | | |
15-deoxyprostaglandin j2
15-deoxyprostaglandin J2: 15d-PGJ2 abbreviation is also used for 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)PGJ2 | 3.13 | 1 | 0 | | |
1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine
1-O-palmitoyl-2-O-(5-oxovaleryl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine having palmitoyl and 5-oxovaleryl groups at the 1- and 2-positions respectively; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;
aldehyde | apoptosis inducer |
methyl jasmonate
[no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | | |
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | | |
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ascorbic acid;
vitamin C | coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent |
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | | |
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide | Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor |
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound | antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger |