thyroxine has been researched along with Ventricular Dysfunction, Left in 37 studies
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.
thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left: A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Improvement in cardiac function has been demonstrated after thyroxine treatment in humans with hypothyroidism using the myocardial performance index (MPI)." | 7.91 | Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluation in dogs with hypothyroidism before and after levothyroxine supplementation: A prospective controlled study. ( Baron Toaldo, M; Berlanda, M; Fracassi, F; Guglielmini, C; Koren, S; Poser, H, 2019) |
| "Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) with features consistent with both AIT type I (in which thyroid antibodies and nodular goiter are present) and AIT type II (which is not responsive to thionamide therapy and eventually leads to permanent hypothyroidism)." | 7.74 | Treatment of amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis. ( Franklyn, JA; Gammage, MD, 2007) |
| "Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is a challenging management problem, since patients treated with amiodarone invariably have underlying heart disease." | 7.73 | Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: left ventricular dysfunction is associated with increased mortality. ( Diamond, T; Lewis, M; O'Sullivan, AJ, 2006) |
| "Hypothyroidism is associated with intrinsic myocardial changes reflected by alterations in contractility and relaxation." | 6.71 | Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function by radionuclide ventriculography at rest and exercise in subclinical hypothyroidism, and its response to L-thyroxine therapy. ( Brenta, G; Fretes, O; Matute, ML; Mutti, LA; Perrone, A; Schnitman, M, 2003) |
| "Improvement in cardiac function has been demonstrated after thyroxine treatment in humans with hypothyroidism using the myocardial performance index (MPI)." | 3.91 | Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluation in dogs with hypothyroidism before and after levothyroxine supplementation: A prospective controlled study. ( Baron Toaldo, M; Berlanda, M; Fracassi, F; Guglielmini, C; Koren, S; Poser, H, 2019) |
| "To study the prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and the response of LVDD to L-thyroxine therapy." | 3.85 | Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in subclinical hypothyroidism: A case-control study. ( Kaushik, R; Kaushik, RM; Malhotra, Y, 2017) |
| "Recent data suggest that low triiodothyronine (T3) syndrome may contribute to the pathophysiology of cardiac diseases." | 3.75 | [Low T3 syndrome and left ventricular diastolic function]. ( Bianchi, M; Bindi, M; Cassetti, G; Castiglioni, M; Pinelli, M, 2009) |
| "Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) with features consistent with both AIT type I (in which thyroid antibodies and nodular goiter are present) and AIT type II (which is not responsive to thionamide therapy and eventually leads to permanent hypothyroidism)." | 3.74 | Treatment of amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis. ( Franklyn, JA; Gammage, MD, 2007) |
| "Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) is a challenging management problem, since patients treated with amiodarone invariably have underlying heart disease." | 3.73 | Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: left ventricular dysfunction is associated with increased mortality. ( Diamond, T; Lewis, M; O'Sullivan, AJ, 2006) |
| "To study the relationship between the TCM Syndrome Differentiation-types of congestive heart failure (CHF) and thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), as well as cardiac function parameters, including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), mean velocity of circumferentid fiber shortening (mVcf) and A peak/E peak (A/E)." | 3.72 | [Study on relationship among thyroid hormone relativity and Syndrome Differentiation-types of TCM in patients with congestive heart failure]. ( Chen, J; Cheng, X; Gao, XL; Huang, S; Huang, T; Pei, Y; Sheng, L; Shi, D; Wang, L; Yan, X; Yang, A; Zhang, BZ; Zhou, J, 2004) |
| "Hypothyroidism is associated with intrinsic myocardial changes reflected by alterations in contractility and relaxation." | 2.71 | Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function by radionuclide ventriculography at rest and exercise in subclinical hypothyroidism, and its response to L-thyroxine therapy. ( Brenta, G; Fretes, O; Matute, ML; Mutti, LA; Perrone, A; Schnitman, M, 2003) |
| "Treatment with ivabradine significantly reduced HR and LVESD, improved SRcirc, S long and SRlong in the T4 group, and the average I Ca,L density at 0 mV in T4-Iva groups (9." | 1.39 | Heart rate reduction with ivabradine prevents thyroid hormone-induced cardiac remodeling in rat. ( Cho, KI; Han, J; Kim, BH; Kim, IJ; Kim, JY; Kim, N; Kim, SM, 2013) |
| "How the duration of hypothyroidism affects left ventricular diastolic function is not well-characterized." | 1.37 | Acute and chronic hypothyroidism are associated with similar left ventricular diastolic dysfunction relative to the euthyroid state: results of doppler echocardiographic comparisons. ( Benchuga, G; Gauna, A; Marlowe, RJ; Messuti, H; Papadopulos, G; Silva Croome, MC; Viale, F, 2011) |
| "Pravastatin treatment led to inhibition of Rac-GTPase activity and integrin signaling." | 1.37 | Cardiac remodeling caused by transgenic overexpression of a corn Rac gene. ( Abouelnaga, ZA; Alhaj, MA; Awad, MM; Citro, LA; El-Sayed, O; Elnakish, MT; Hassanain, HH; Hassona, MD; Khan, M; Kulkarni, A; Kuppusamy, P; Moldovan, L; Sayyid, M, 2011) |
| "Degree of heart failure was quantified by plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP) and big endothelin." | 1.33 | [Association between free thyroxin concentration and degree of heart failure in patients with chronic heart insufficiency]. ( Cech, J; Mayer, O; Pikner, R; Rosolová, H; Simon, J, 2005) |
| "Acute hypothyroidism was associated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, probably due to pre- and afterload alterations rather than to an impaired myocardial contractility." | 1.32 | Left ventricular function in acute hypothyroidism: a Doppler echocardiography study. ( Alagona, C; Di Paola, R; Mangiameli, S; Pezzino, V; Regalbuto, C, 2004) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 2 (5.41) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 13 (35.14) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 19 (51.35) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 3 (8.11) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Guglielmini, C | 1 |
| Berlanda, M | 1 |
| Fracassi, F | 1 |
| Poser, H | 1 |
| Koren, S | 1 |
| Baron Toaldo, M | 1 |
| Bourgeois, A | 1 |
| Magazzeni, P | 1 |
| Audibert, G | 1 |
| Badran, HM | 1 |
| Faheem, N | 1 |
| Zidan, A | 1 |
| Yacoub, MH | 1 |
| Soltan, G | 1 |
| Akın, A | 1 |
| Unal, E | 1 |
| Yildirim, R | 1 |
| Ture, M | 1 |
| Balik, H | 1 |
| Haspolat, YK | 1 |
| Ohara, N | 1 |
| Yoneoka, Y | 1 |
| Seki, Y | 1 |
| Akiyama, K | 1 |
| Arita, M | 1 |
| Ohashi, K | 1 |
| Suzuki, K | 1 |
| Takada, T | 1 |
| Frenette, AJ | 1 |
| Williamson, D | 1 |
| Williams, V | 1 |
| Lagacé, AM | 1 |
| Charbonney, E | 1 |
| Serri, K | 1 |
| Karavelioglu, Y | 1 |
| Baran, A | 1 |
| Karapinar, H | 1 |
| Küçükdurmaz, Z | 1 |
| Yilmaz, A | 1 |
| Hayley, B | 1 |
| Birnie, D | 1 |
| Chow, BJ | 1 |
| Krysicki, M | 1 |
| Slusarczyk, E | 1 |
| Popowicz, B | 1 |
| Jankiewicz-Wika, J | 1 |
| Klencki, M | 1 |
| Słowińska-Klencka, D | 1 |
| Çatli, G | 1 |
| Kir, M | 1 |
| Anik, A | 1 |
| Yilmaz, N | 1 |
| Böber, E | 1 |
| Abaci, A | 1 |
| Shatynska-Mytsyk, I | 1 |
| Rodrigo, L | 1 |
| Cioccocioppo, R | 1 |
| Petrovic, D | 1 |
| Lakusic, N | 1 |
| Compostella, L | 1 |
| Novak, M | 1 |
| Kruzliak, P | 1 |
| Elnakish, MT | 2 |
| Schultz, EJ | 1 |
| Gearinger, RL | 1 |
| Saad, NS | 1 |
| Rastogi, N | 1 |
| Ahmed, AA | 1 |
| Mohler, PJ | 1 |
| Janssen, PM | 1 |
| Weltman, NY | 1 |
| Pol, CJ | 1 |
| Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Wang, Y | 1 |
| Koder, A | 1 |
| Raza, S | 1 |
| Zucchi, R | 1 |
| Saba, A | 1 |
| Colligiani, D | 1 |
| Gerdes, AM | 1 |
| Jankauskienė, E | 1 |
| Orda, P | 1 |
| Rumbinaitė, E | 1 |
| Žaliaduonytė-Pekšienė, D | 1 |
| Steponavičiutė, R | 1 |
| Krasauskienė, A | 1 |
| Vaškelytė, JJ | 1 |
| Bunevičius, R | 1 |
| Madan, N | 1 |
| Tiwari, N | 1 |
| Stampfer, M | 1 |
| Schubart, U | 1 |
| Malhotra, Y | 1 |
| Kaushik, RM | 1 |
| Kaushik, R | 1 |
| Cassetti, G | 1 |
| Pinelli, M | 1 |
| Bindi, M | 1 |
| Bianchi, M | 1 |
| Castiglioni, M | 1 |
| Gauna, A | 1 |
| Messuti, H | 1 |
| Papadopulos, G | 1 |
| Benchuga, G | 1 |
| Viale, F | 1 |
| Marlowe, RJ | 1 |
| Silva Croome, MC | 1 |
| Awad, MM | 1 |
| Hassona, MD | 1 |
| Alhaj, MA | 1 |
| Kulkarni, A | 1 |
| Citro, LA | 1 |
| Sayyid, M | 1 |
| Abouelnaga, ZA | 1 |
| El-Sayed, O | 1 |
| Kuppusamy, P | 1 |
| Moldovan, L | 1 |
| Khan, M | 1 |
| Hassanain, HH | 1 |
| Taillard, V | 1 |
| Sardinoux, M | 1 |
| Oudot, C | 1 |
| Fesler, P | 1 |
| Rugale, C | 1 |
| Raingeard, I | 1 |
| Renard, E | 1 |
| Ribstein, J | 1 |
| du Cailar, G | 1 |
| Smolkin, T | 1 |
| Ulanovsky, I | 1 |
| Blazer, S | 1 |
| Makhoul, IR | 1 |
| Ozturk, S | 1 |
| Alcelik, A | 1 |
| Ozyasar, M | 1 |
| Dikbas, O | 1 |
| Ayhan, S | 1 |
| Ozlu, F | 1 |
| Erdem, A | 1 |
| Tosun, M | 1 |
| Baltaci, D | 1 |
| Yazici, M | 1 |
| Kim, BH | 1 |
| Cho, KI | 1 |
| Kim, SM | 1 |
| Kim, N | 1 |
| Han, J | 1 |
| Kim, JY | 1 |
| Kim, IJ | 1 |
| Biondi, B | 2 |
| Palmieri, EA | 2 |
| Lombardi, G | 2 |
| Fazio, S | 2 |
| Brenta, G | 1 |
| Mutti, LA | 1 |
| Schnitman, M | 1 |
| Fretes, O | 1 |
| Perrone, A | 1 |
| Matute, ML | 1 |
| Sirlak, M | 1 |
| Yazicioglu, L | 1 |
| Inan, MB | 1 |
| Eryilmaz, S | 1 |
| Tasoz, R | 1 |
| Aral, A | 1 |
| Ozyurda, U | 1 |
| Zhou, J | 1 |
| Gao, XL | 1 |
| Zhang, BZ | 1 |
| Huang, S | 1 |
| Wang, L | 1 |
| Sheng, L | 1 |
| Shi, D | 1 |
| Yan, X | 1 |
| Yang, A | 1 |
| Huang, T | 1 |
| Pei, Y | 1 |
| Chen, J | 1 |
| Cheng, X | 1 |
| Di Paola, R | 1 |
| Alagona, C | 1 |
| Pezzino, V | 1 |
| Mangiameli, S | 1 |
| Regalbuto, C | 1 |
| Mark, PB | 1 |
| Watkins, S | 1 |
| Dargie, HJ | 1 |
| Mayer, O | 1 |
| Cech, J | 1 |
| Rosolová, H | 1 |
| Pikner, R | 1 |
| Simon, J | 1 |
| Mishra, TK | 1 |
| Routray, SN | 1 |
| Das, S | 1 |
| Behera, M | 1 |
| O'Sullivan, AJ | 1 |
| Lewis, M | 1 |
| Diamond, T | 1 |
| Aydin, M | 1 |
| Reyhan, M | 1 |
| Sukan, A | 1 |
| Yapar, AF | 1 |
| Aktas, A | 1 |
| Franklyn, JA | 1 |
| Gammage, MD | 1 |
| Panciera, DL | 1 |
| Carella, C | 1 |
| Panza, N | 1 |
| Cittadini, A | 1 |
| Bonè, F | 1 |
| Saccà, L | 1 |
| Tielens, E | 1 |
| Visser, TJ | 1 |
| Hennemann, G | 1 |
| Berghout, A | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Levothyroxine in Brain Death Organ Donors: a Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02211053] | Phase 4 | 15 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-07-31 | Terminated (stopped due to Recruitment was too slow and we cannot anticipate to recruit the target sample size) | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
2 reviews available for thyroxine and Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiac function.
Topics: Echocardiography, Doppler; Heart; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Physical Exertion; Radion | 2002 |
[Cardiovascular effects of hypothyroidism].
Topics: Age Factors; Diastole; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart Function Tests; Hormone Replacement T | 2000 |
5 trials available for thyroxine and Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Effect of Short-Term L-Thyroxine Therapy on Left Ventricular Mechanics in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy.
Topics: Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Echocardiography; Heart Failure; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Infant, Newborn; | 2020 |
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Levothyroxine to Placebo in Neurologically Deceased Donors.
Topics: Adult; Brain Death; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Double-Blind Method; Echocardiography; Feasibility St | 2019 |
Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function by radionuclide ventriculography at rest and exercise in subclinical hypothyroidism, and its response to L-thyroxine therapy.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Cholesterol; Diastole; Electrocardiography; Exercise; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hy | 2003 |
Oral thyroid hormone pretreatment in left ventricular dysfunction.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Cardiac Output; Cardiotonic Agents; Central Venous Pressure; Coronary Ar | 2004 |
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Topics: Adult; Echocardiography, Doppler; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Thyrotropin; T | 1999 |
30 other studies available for thyroxine and Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluation in dogs with hypothyroidism before and after levothyroxine supplementation: A prospective controlled study.
Topics: Animals; Case-Control Studies; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Heart; Hea | 2019 |
Left ventricular failure after brain death: a room for L-thyroxine?
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Brain Death; Brain Injuries; Cardiac Output; Humans; Male; Thyroxine; Tissue and | 2020 |
Left and right ventricular functions may be impaired in children diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Topics: Adolescent; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Echocardiography, Doppler; Female; Humans | 2020 |
Acute hypopituitarism associated with periorbital swelling and cardiac dysfunction in a patient with pituitary tumor apoplexy: a case report.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adenoma; Aged, 80 and over; Edema; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypopituitarism; Intracran | 2017 |
Reversible cardiomyopathy associated with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II.
Topics: Adult; Cardiomyopathies; Delayed Diagnosis; Female; Fludrocortisone; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Hu | 2013 |
Cardiac effects of panhypopituitarism in a 71-year-old woman.
Topics: Aged; Drug Therapy, Combination; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Hydrocortiso | 2014 |
[Effect of subclinical hypothyroidism treatment on selected cardiovascular parameters].
Topics: Adult; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; | 2014 |
The effect of L-thyroxine treatment on left ventricular functions in children with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Echocardiography, Doppler; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Thyroxine; | 2015 |
The impact of thyroid hormone replacement therapy on left ventricular diastolic function in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Echocardiography, Doppler; Female; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; | 2016 |
Differential involvement of various sources of reactive oxygen species in thyroxin-induced hemodynamic changes and contractile dysfunction of the heart and diaphragm muscles.
Topics: Animals; Diaphragm; Echocardiography; Heart; Hemodynamics; Male; Mice; Mitochondria; Muscle Contract | 2015 |
Long-term physiological T3 supplementation in hypertensive heart disease in rats.
Topics: Animals; Collagen; Female; Heart; Heart Failure; Heart Ventricles; Hypertension; Hypothyroidism; Myo | 2015 |
Left ventricular function by speckle-tracking echocardiography in patients with low-T3 syndrome and acute myocardial infarction.
Topics: Aged; Diastole; Echocardiography; Euthyroid Sick Syndromes; Humans; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarcti | 2015 |
Hypothyroid heart: myxoedema as a cause of reversible dilated cardiomyopathy.
Topics: Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Female; Heart; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Middle Aged; Myxedema; Thyroxine; Tr | 2015 |
Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in subclinical hypothyroidism: A case-control study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Echocardiography, Dop | 2017 |
[Low T3 syndrome and left ventricular diastolic function].
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Diastole; Echocardiography, Doppler; Euthyroid Sick Syndrome | 2009 |
Acute and chronic hypothyroidism are associated with similar left ventricular diastolic dysfunction relative to the euthyroid state: results of doppler echocardiographic comparisons.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Chronic Disease; Diastole; Echocardiography, Doppler; Female; Humans; Hypothyr | 2011 |
Cardiac remodeling caused by transgenic overexpression of a corn Rac gene.
Topics: Aging; Amino Acid Sequence; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Echocardiography; Genotype; Hypertrophy, | 2011 |
Early detection of isolated left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in high-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients on TSH-suppressive therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Echocardiography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Thyroid Neop | 2011 |
Rare presentations of congenital hypothyroidism.
Topics: Abdomen, Acute; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Early Diagnosis; Echocardiography; Female; Gastrointestin | 2011 |
Evaluation of left ventricular systolic asynchrony in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Topics: Adult; Asymptomatic Diseases; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; Ec | 2012 |
Heart rate reduction with ivabradine prevents thyroid hormone-induced cardiac remodeling in rat.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Benzazepines; Calcium Signaling; Disease Models, Animal; Fibrosis; | 2013 |
[Study on relationship among thyroid hormone relativity and Syndrome Differentiation-types of TCM in patients with congestive heart failure].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Male | 2004 |
Left ventricular function in acute hypothyroidism: a Doppler echocardiography study.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Echocardiography, Doppler; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypothyro | 2004 |
Cardiomyopathy induced by performance enhancing drugs in a competitive bodybuilder.
Topics: Adult; Anabolic Agents; Doping in Sports; Ephedrine; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventr | 2005 |
[Association between free thyroxin concentration and degree of heart failure in patients with chronic heart insufficiency].
Topics: Chronic Disease; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Thyro | 2005 |
Left ventricular dysfunction in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and its reversibility after hormone therapy.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Diastole; Female; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Hypothyroidism; | 2005 |
Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: left ventricular dysfunction is associated with increased mortality.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Amiodarone; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Female; Goiter, Nodular; Graves Disease; Humans; Male | 2006 |
Gated SPECT findings revealing diastolic dysfunction in acute hypothyroidism.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Diastole; Female; Gated Blood-Pool Imaging; Hormone Replacement Therapy | 2007 |
Treatment of amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis.
Topics: Aged; Amiodarone; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Carbimazole; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Hypothyr | 2007 |
An echocardiographic and electrocardiographic study of cardiovascular function in hypothyroid dogs.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular System; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Female; H | 1994 |