iguratimod profile

iguratimod: an immunosuppressive agent [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	124246
CHEMBL ID	2107455
CHEBI ID	31689
SCHEMBL ID	26326
MeSH ID	M0509070

Synonym
HY-17009
careram
kolbet
iremod
t-614
colvet
iguratimod
NCGC00181783-01
D01146
123663-49-0
iguratimod (jan/inn)
n-[7-(methanesulfonamido)-4-oxo-6-phenoxychromen-3-yl]formamide
FT-0654508
n-[7-(methanesulfonamido)-4-oxo-6-phenoxy-chromen-3-yl]formamide;iguratimod
A805134
NCGC00181783-02
3-formylamino-7-methylsulfonylamino-6-phenoxy-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
t 614
cas-123663-49-0
tox21_113422
dtxcid3028897
dtxsid0048971 ,
n-(7-(methylsulfonamido)-4-oxo-6-phenoxy-4h-chromen-3-yl)formamide
c17h14n2o6s
iguratimod [inn]
n-(7-((methylsulfonyl)amino)-4-oxo-6-phenoxy-4h-1-benzopyran-3-yl)formamide
4ihy34y2nv ,
unii-4ihy34y2nv
CS-0617
AKOS015888743
CHEMBL2107455
S5648
iguratimod [who-dd]
iguratimod [mi]
iguratimod [jan]
SCHEMBL26326
ANMATWQYLIFGOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
I0945
n-[7-(methanesulfonamido)-4-oxo-6-phenoxy-4h-chromen-3-yl]formamide
n-(3-formamido-4-oxo-6-phenoxy-4h-chromen-7-yl)methanesulfonamide
J-521483
mfcd00882374
sr-01000945251
SR-01000945251-1
CHEBI:31689
t614
gtpl9736
n-[7-methanesulfonamido-4-oxo-6-(phenoxy)chromen-3-yl]formamide
iguratimod, >=98% (hplc)
DB12233
BCP04206
AS-12959
Q13575264
SB16814
CCG-268349
NCGC00181783-03
C71931
bdbm50458537
EN300-24433520
n-(7-methanesulfonamido-4-oxo-6-phenoxy-4h-chromen-3-yl)formamide
BI164569
iguratimod- bio-x
Z2681891323
lguratimod

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Iguratimod (IGU) is a novel disease modified anti-rheumatic drug, which has been found to act directly on B cells for inhibiting the production of antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. "	( Iguratimod Restrains Circulating Follicular Helper T Cell Function by Inhibiting Glucose Metabolism Bai, Z; Jin, M; Li, X; Liu, R; Lu, Z; Tang, Y; Wang, G; Ye, X, 2022)	3.61
"Iguratimod (IGU) is a new drug that is used for controlling CTD."	( Iguratimod ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the EMT process and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Han, X; Li, Q; Liu, W; Sun, L; Wang, J, 2022)	2.89
"Iguratimod is a synthesized anti-rheumatic disease-modifying drug, which shows drastic inhibition to EGR1 expression in B cells."	( Iguratimod attenuated fibrosis in systemic sclerosis via targeting early growth response 1 expression. Bao, C; Cao, S; Chen, X; Fan, C; Fu, Q; Jin, Y; Lu, L; Shen, L; Sun, L; Xu, X; Yan, Q; Yin, H; Zhan, Y; Zhang, Z, 2023)	3.07
"Iguratimod (IGUR) is a novel disease-modifying antirheumatic drug used for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). "	( In Situ Forming Injectable Hydrogel For Encapsulation Of Nanoiguratimod And Sustained Release Of Therapeutics. Le, Y; Li, C; Liu, X; Ma, Z; Qi, S; Sun, L; Tao, C; Wang, J; Zhang, J; Zhao, J, 2019)	2.2
"Iguratimod (IGU) is a novel small-molecule anti-rheumatic drug with remarkable effectiveness and good safety for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis. "	( Molecular mechanisms and clinical application of Iguratimod: A review. Gao, H; Jiang, H; Wang, M; Wang, Q; Wu, B, 2020)	2.26
"Iguratimod (IGU) is a conventional synthetic disease-modifying drug that has been approved based on its additive effects with methotrexate (MTX) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). "	( Clinical effectiveness of iguratimod based on real-world data of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Kodera, H; Mizutani, S; Nanki, T; Sato, Y; Yasuoka, H; Yoshida, S, 2021)	2.36
"Iguratimod (IGU) is a novel small molecule anti-rheumatic drug with the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug. "	( Molecular mechanisms and clinical studies of iguratimod for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. Cui, Y; Liu, S; Zhang, X, 2021)	2.32
"Iguratimod (IGU) is a novel anti-rheumatic drug that suppresses the secretion of inflammatory factors, but is also able to modulate the differentiation of multiple cells."	( Anti-fibrotic effect of iguratimod on pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. Cui, Y; Dong, G; Lin, H; Wu, C; Xie, Y; Zhang, G; Zhang, X; Zhu, F, 2020)	1.59
"Iguratimod (IGU) is a novel conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug developed in Japan."	( Effects of iguratimod on glucocorticoid-induced disorder of bone metabolism in vitro. Ebina, K; Etani, Y; Goshima, A; Hirao, M; Kanamoto, T; Miura, T; Miyama, A; Nakata, K; Okamura, G; Oyama, S; Takami, K; Yoshikawa, H, 2021)	1.73
"Iguratimod is a new kind of synthetic small molecule disease modified anti-rheumatic drug with good efficacy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment; meanwhile, it exhibits potency to alleviate alveolar inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. "	( Iguratimod attenuates general disease activity and improves lung function in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease patients. Cai, XN; Lu, L; Ma, H; Shao, SQ; Shu, P; Yin, HQ; Yin, SL; Zhou, DM, 2021)	3.51
"Iguratimod (IGU) is a new small molecular, anti-rheumatic drug and has shown the potential for drug repurposing from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to LN treatment."	( Comparison of iguratimod and conventional cyclophosphamide with sequential azathioprine as treatment of active lupus nephritis: study protocol for a multi-center, randomized, controlled clinical trial (iGeLU study). Bao, C; Dai, M; Du, F; Huang, X; Jiang, G; Kang, Y; Li, Z; Tang, J; Wang, N; Wang, X; Xu, J; Xue, Q; Yan, Q; Ye, P; Zhang, X; Zhou, Y, 2021)	1.7
"Iguratimod (IGU) is a novel disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Like other DMARDs, IGU exhibited significant differences in effectiveness and safety."	( Genetic predictors of efficacy and toxicity of iguratimod in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Cai, X; Dai, L; Guo, JP; Li, C; Li, X; Li, Y; Li, Z; Liu, D; Luo, L; Mu, R; Sun, E; Tao, Y; Wang, Y; Wei, W; Wu, L; Wu, M; Xiao, W; Ye, H; Zhang, M; Zhao, J; Zou, Y, 2018)	2.18
"Iguratimod is a novel anti-rheumatic drug with the capability of anti-cytokines as report goes. "	( Suspected drug-induced liver injury associated with iguratimod: a case report and review of the literature. Hong, RT; Li, XL; Liu, XC; Shi, H; Song, YL, 2018)	2.17
"Iguratimod (IGU) is a new synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug intended to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). "	( Efficacy of the clinical use of iguratimod therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Kobayashi, T; Okamura, K; Okura, C; Takagishi, K; Yonemoto, Y, 2015)	2.14
"Iguratimod is a novel disease-modifying antirheumatic drug. "	( In vitro inhibition of CYP2C9-mediated warfarin 7-hydroxylation by iguratimod: possible mechanism of iguratimod-warfarin interaction. Matsuzawa, N; Ohmori, S; Sakuyama, K; Shiozawa, A; Takami, K; Yamaori, S, 2015)	2.1
"Iguratimod is a novel anti-rheumatic drug which is reported to have the capability of anti-cytokines."	( Anti-rheumatic drug iguratimod (T-614) alleviates cancer-induced bone destruction via down-regulating interleukin-6 production in a nuclear factor-κB-dependent manner. Peng, G; Sun, Y; Wang, BY; Wu, YX; Ye, DW; Yu, SY; Zhang, P, 2016)	1.48
"Iguratimod (T-614) is an anti-inflammatory agent which has been reported to show the inhibitory effect of bone destruction in RA."	( T-614 Promotes Osteoblastic Cell Differentiation by Increasing Dlx5 Expression and Regulating the Activation of p38 and NF- Chen, G; Cheng, W; He, D; Liu, H; Miao, Y; Niu, X; Song, J; Wang, F; Xi, Y; Yang, F; Zhu, Q, 2018)	1.2

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Iguratimod has been shown to promote bone formation and inhibit bone resorption in rheumatoid arthritis patients. "	( Efficacy of iguratimod on mineral and bone disorders after kidney transplantation: a preliminary study. Chen, H; Fei, S; Gu, M; Han, Z; Huang, Z; Ju, X; Sun, L; Suo, C; Tan, R; Tao, J; Wang, Z, 2023)	2.73
"Iguratimod (T-614) has been confirmed as a highly efficacious and safe novel disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) for rheumatoid arthritis therapy in China and Japan due to its potent anti-inflammation effect. "	( Iguratimod (T-614) suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and migration in RAW264.7 cells via NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Feng, X; Gan, K; Tan, W; Wang, F; Xu, L; Yang, L; Zhang, M; Zhang, Q, 2016)	3.32

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Iguratimod may have lower C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values."	( Relative efficacy and safety of iguratimod monotherapy for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Shrestha, S; Yang, C; Zhang, J; Zhao, J, 2020)	1.56
"Iguratimod group showed lower levels of CRP and ESR at W4, W12 and W24; as well as decreased DAS28 score, rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinate peptide antibody levels at W12 and W24 compared to Control group."	( Iguratimod attenuates general disease activity and improves lung function in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease patients. Cai, XN; Lu, L; Ma, H; Shao, SQ; Shu, P; Yin, HQ; Yin, SL; Zhou, DM, 2021)	2.79
"Iguratimod may inhibit hepatocellular carcinogensis by inhibition of interleukin-8 production in a rat model."	( Inhibitory Effect of Anti-rheumatic Drug Iguratimod for Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis by Inhibition of Serum Interleukin-8 Production. Fujiwara, Y; Furukawa, K; Haruki, K; Ishii, Y; Iwase, R; Sakamoto, T; Shiba, H; Shirai, Y; Yanaga, K, 2016)	2.14

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Iguratimod treatment significantly reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasive capacities of RA-FLSs in a dose-dependent manner "	( Iguratimod Inhibits the Aggressiveness of Rheumatoid Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. Cao, H; Chen, W; Ke, Y; Lin, J; Olsen, N; Sun, C; Wang, X; Xu, B; Xu, D; Xu, G; Xu, L; Yu, Y; Yue, L, 2019)	3.4
"Iguratimod treatment increased miR-146a while decreased cell proliferation, IRAK1 and TRAF6/JNK1 pathway in RA-FLS in a dose-dependent manner. "	( Iguratimod ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis progression through regulating miR-146a mediated IRAK1 expression and TRAF6/JNK1 pathway: an in vivo and in vitro study. Gao, J; Ji, L; Kong, R; Peng, Y; Zhang, J; Zhao, D, )	3.02

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" No statistically significant difference was noted in the incidence of adverse reactions between iguratimod and salazosulfapyridine."	( Efficacy and safety of iguratimod compared with placebo and salazosulfapyridine in active rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group study. Abe, T; Hara, M; Hashimoto, H; Hoshi, K; Irimajiri, S; Matsui, N; Mizushima, Y; Nakano, S; Nobunaga, M; Sugawara, S; Yoshino, S, 2007)	0.87
" The cumulative incidence of adverse events for 100 weeks was 97."	( Long-term safety study of iguratimod in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Abe, T; Hara, M; Hashimoto, H; Hoshi, K; Irimajiri, S; Matsui, N; Mizushima, Y; Nobunaga, M; Sugawara, S; Yoshino, S, 2007)	0.64
" The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was not significantly higher with T-614 than with placebo, but upper abdominal discomfort, leucopenia, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (sALT), skin rash and/or pruritus were more common in the 50 mg and 25 mg dosage groups."	( Safety and efficacy of T-614 in the treatment of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled and multicenter trial. Bao, CD; Han, XH; Li, XF; Lü, LJ; Sun, LY; Teng, JL; Wu, HX; Xu, JH, 2008)	0.35
" Frequent adverse events for 52 weeks in the iguratimod + MTX group were nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract inflammation, stomatitis, lymphocyte decrease, AST increase, ALT increase and blood iron decrease."	( Safety and efficacy of combination therapy of iguratimod with methotrexate for patients with active rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response to methotrexate: an open-label extension of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Hara, M; Ishiguro, N; Katayama, K; Kondo, M; Mimori, T; Nagai, K; Soen, S; Sumida, T; Yamaguchi, T; Yamamoto, K, 2014)	0.92
" Iguratimod for RA had few adverse events, and its efficacy and safety were the same as those of MTX and SASP for RA."	( Efficacy and safety of iguratimod for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Chen, S; Li, J; Liang, Y; Lu, Y; Mao, H; Shi, G; Yang, N, 2013)	1.61
" Clinical features at baseline and efficacy endpoints of the ACR 20 % response (ACR20), ACR50, ACR70, and adverse events at 24 weeks were evaluated, respectively."	( Efficacy and safety evaluation of a combination of iguratimod and methotrexate therapy for active rheumatoid arthritis patients: a randomized controlled trial. Duan, XW; Mao, SY; Shang, JJ; Shi, XD; Zhang, XL, 2015)	0.67
" All adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were collected."	( Safety and effectiveness of 24-week treatment with iguratimod, a new oral disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, for patients with rheumatoid arthritis: interim analysis of a post-marketing surveillance study of 2679 patients in Japan. Atsumi, T; Fujii, T; Harigai, M; Ikeuchi, S; Koike, T; Kushimoto, S; Kuwana, M; Matsuno, H; Mimori, T; Momohara, S; Takasaki, Y; Takei, S; Tamura, N, 2017)	0.71
" We evaluated adverse events (AEs); adverse drug reactions (ADRs); ADRs of special interest, including liver and renal dysfunctions, interstitial lung disease, gastrointestinal and blood disorders, and infection; and change in Disease Activity Score 28-C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) at week 52."	( Safety and effectiveness of iguratimod in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Final report of a 52-week, multicenter postmarketing surveillance study. Atsumi, T; Fujii, T; Harigai, M; Ikeuchi, S; Koike, T; Kushimoto, S; Kuwana, M; Matsuno, H; Mimori, T; Momohara, S; Takasaki, Y; Takei, S; Tamura, N; Yamamoto, K, 2019)	0.81
" Follow-up indexes included IgG4-RD responder index (IgG4-RD RI), serology and imaging, plasma cytokines and adverse drug effect."	( Efficacy and safety of iguratimod plus corticosteroid as bridge therapy in treating mild IgG4-related diseases: A prospective clinical trial. Chen, H; Fei, Y; Gong, Y; Li, J; Li, Y; Lin, W; Liu, X; Liu, Y; Liu, Z; Peng, L; Shen, M; Shi, Q; Wang, M; Zeng, X; Zhang, F; Zhang, P; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhao, Y; Zhou, J, 2019)	0.82
" Clinical manifestation, IgG4-RD responder index (IgG-RD RI), serological indexes, gland ultrasound findings, and adverse drug effect were recorded."	( Efficacy and safety of iguratimod on patients with relapsed or refractory IgG4-related disease. Bian, W; Chen, D; Chen, J; Fu, J; Li, Y; Li, Z; Liu, Y; Sun, X; Zhang, W; Zhang, Y; Zhao, X, 2020)	0.87
" Although iguratimod had superior efficacy than placebo, the incidence of adverse events was also higher."	( Relative efficacy and safety of iguratimod monotherapy for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Shrestha, S; Yang, C; Zhang, J; Zhao, J, 2020)	1.24
"• Patients on iguratimod may have similar treatment response, functional ability, disease state, and adverse event profile at 24 weeks compared with those on methotrexate."	( Relative efficacy and safety of iguratimod monotherapy for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Shrestha, S; Yang, C; Zhang, J; Zhao, J, 2020)	1.2
" The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that there was no statistical significance in adverse events (1."	( Efficacy and safety of iguratimod combined with methotrexate vs. methotrexate alone in rheumatoid arthritis : A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chen, LJ; Li, JY; Tian, F; Wen, ZH; Zhou, YJ, 2021)	0.93
" We investigated the frequency of adverse drug reactions before and after implementation of each safety measure to examine the preventive effect of these measures."	( Effectiveness of drug safety measures for reducing the incidence of adverse drug reactions: Post-hoc analysis of data from all-case surveillance of iguratimod using generalized estimating equations. Ikeuchi, S; Ishii, M; Shibata, K; Yoshimura, A, 2021)	0.82
"IGU may be an effective and safe intervention for AS."	( Efficacy and safety of Iguratimod in the treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chen, H; Deng, Y; Fan, J; Hao, W; He, Q; Long, Z; Yang, K; Zeng, L, 2023)	1.22
"IGU (IGU), a novel immunomodulatory agent for rheumatoid arthritis, has been shown to be effective and safe as monotherapy in a small population with refractory lupus nephritis (LN)."	( Efficacy and safety of Iguratimod as an add-on therapy for refractory lupus nephritis: A preliminary investigational study. Bao, C; Dai, M; Du, F; Kang, Y; Li, Q; Liu, B; Yan, Q; Ye, P; Zhang, M, 2023)	1.22
" Three mild to moderate adverse events were recorded."	( Efficacy and safety of Iguratimod as an add-on therapy for refractory lupus nephritis: A preliminary investigational study. Bao, C; Dai, M; Du, F; Kang, Y; Li, Q; Liu, B; Yan, Q; Ye, P; Zhang, M, 2023)	1.22
" In terms of safety endpoints, the total adverse event rates (AEs), leucopenia, gastrointestinal (GI) AEs, skin diseases, and liver dysfunction of the "IGU+MP" group and the "HCQ+MP" group were comparable."	( Efficacy and safety of iguratimod combined with methylprednisolone for primary Sjögren's syndrome: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Hu, G; Xu, Q; Yang, XY; Yin, S; You, H; Yu, YF, 2023)	1.22
" IGU combined with MP does not increase the risk of adverse events, which means that IGU combined with MP may be a safe and effective strategy for the treatment of pSS and has value for further research exploration."	( Efficacy and safety of iguratimod combined with methylprednisolone for primary Sjögren's syndrome: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Hu, G; Xu, Q; Yang, XY; Yin, S; You, H; Yu, YF, 2023)	1.22

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" On the other hand, the pharmacokinetic parameters of WF including maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0-24 h) were not affected by the combination with IGU."	( Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analyses of Drug-Drug Interactions between Iguratimod and Warfarin. Hasegawa, K; Onoda, M; Tanaka, K; Yamamoto, T, 2016)	0.66

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Iguratimod (alone or in combination with MTX) is an emerging option for the treatment of DMARD-experienced adult patients with active RA who have had an inadequate response to or are intolerant of other DMARDs."	( Iguratimod in combination with methotrexate in active rheumatoid arthritis : Therapeutic effects. Hou, N; Li, X; Liu, H; Lyu, J; Song, L; Xia, Z, 2016)	2.79
"The current systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of iguratimod (IGU) combined with methotrexate (MTX) versus MTX alone in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)."	( Efficacy and safety of iguratimod combined with methotrexate vs. methotrexate alone in rheumatoid arthritis : A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chen, LJ; Li, JY; Tian, F; Wen, ZH; Zhou, YJ, 2021)	1.15
"In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of iguratimod (IGU) combined with methotrexate (MTX) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)."	( The effects of iguratimod combined with methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine on bone mineral density in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ma, RR; Wu, F; Wu, TJ; Ying, ZH; Yu, JJ; Zhang, Y, 2021)	1.23
"This study was designed to explore the clinical efficacy of methotrexate combined with iguratimod on patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its influence on the expression levels of HOTAIR in serum."	( Clinical Efficacy of Methotrexate Combined with Iguratimod on Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Its Influence on the Expression Levels of HOTAIR in Serum. Dan, J; Liu, Y; Tan, J, 2021)	1.1
"A total of 268 RA patients were selected as research objects, 145 patients received methotrexate alone were used as a control group (CG), 123 patients received methotrexate combined with iguratimod were taken as a research group (RG), and serum of 60 healthy people undergoing physical examination was selected as a healthy control group (HCG)."	( Clinical Efficacy of Methotrexate Combined with Iguratimod on Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Its Influence on the Expression Levels of HOTAIR in Serum. Dan, J; Liu, Y; Tan, J, 2021)	1.07
"Clinical studies of IGU combined with MP for pSS were searched through eight databases."	( Efficacy and safety of iguratimod combined with methylprednisolone for primary Sjögren's syndrome: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Hu, G; Xu, Q; Yang, XY; Yin, S; You, H; Yu, YF, 2023)	1.22
"IGU combined with MP effectively attenuates autoimmune responses (IgG, IgM, IgA), reduces clinical symptoms and disease activity (ESR, PLT, ESSPRI, ESSDAI), and improves the exocrine gland functional status (SIT) in patients with pSS."	( Efficacy and safety of iguratimod combined with methylprednisolone for primary Sjögren's syndrome: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Hu, G; Xu, Q; Yang, XY; Yin, S; You, H; Yu, YF, 2023)	1.22

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" To improve its bioavailability and to alleviate gastrointestinal side effects, we changed the formulation into nanoiguratimod-loaded hydrogel (NanoIGUR-loaded hydrogel) composites for sustained release of therapeutics."	( In Situ Forming Injectable Hydrogel For Encapsulation Of Nanoiguratimod And Sustained Release Of Therapeutics. Le, Y; Li, C; Liu, X; Ma, Z; Qi, S; Sun, L; Tao, C; Wang, J; Zhang, J; Zhao, J, 2019)	0.96
" The pharmacokinetic parameters showed better bioavailability and longer half-life time with NanoIGUR-loaded hydrogel by subcutaneous administration than oral raw iguratimod."	( In Situ Forming Injectable Hydrogel For Encapsulation Of Nanoiguratimod And Sustained Release Of Therapeutics. Le, Y; Li, C; Liu, X; Ma, Z; Qi, S; Sun, L; Tao, C; Wang, J; Zhang, J; Zhao, J, 2019)	0.95

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Methotrexate and indomethacin did not exert any preferable effects in a therapeutic dosing schedule."	( Effect of iguratimod and other anti-rheumatic drugs on adenocarcinoma colon 26-induced cachexia in mice. Matsunaga, T; Mikami, M; Ogasawara, M; Suzuki, H; Tanaka, K; Terashima, N; Urata, N, 2007)	0.74
" After 24 weeks, the 25 mg/d and 50 mg/d dosage groups and the placebo group showed 39."	( Safety and efficacy of T-614 in the treatment of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled and multicenter trial. Bao, CD; Han, XH; Li, XF; Lü, LJ; Sun, LY; Teng, JL; Wu, HX; Xu, JH, 2008)	0.35
" Eighty-six RA patients were assigned into 3 treatment groups randomly: T-614 group 1 (T-614 for the first 4 weeks with an oral dosage of 25mg once daily, and 50mg/day for the subsequent 20 weeks with an oral dosage of 25mg twice daily), T-614 group 2 (T-614 with an oral dosage of 25mg twice daily), or the MTX group (MTX 10 mg/week orally for the first 4 weeks and 15 mg/week for the subsequent 20 weeks)."	( T-614 alters the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1 andMMP-3) and inhibits the migratory expansion of rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts, in vitro. Bao, CD; Du, F; Lü, LJ; Shen, N; Teng, JL; Ye, P, 2012)	0.38
" MTX at dosage of 6 or 8 mg/week was administered to patients in both groups."	( Concomitant iguratimod therapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite stable doses of methotrexate: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Hara, M; Ishiguro, N; Katayama, K; Kondo, M; Mimori, T; Nagai, K; Soen, S; Sumida, T; Yamaguchi, T; Yamamoto, K, 2013)	0.77
" The dosage of iguratimod used in this study showed no significant cytotoxic effects in vivo and no overt side-effects were observed."	( Prevention of immune nephritis by the small molecular weight immunomodulator iguratimod in MRL/lpr mice. Bao, C; Chen, S; Dai, D; Du, F; Fu, Q; Huang, X; Yan, Q, 2014)	0.98
" T-614 was orally administered at a dosage of 50 mg/day (25 mg twice daily) for 24 weeks."	( Efficacy and safety evaluation of a combination of iguratimod and methotrexate therapy for active rheumatoid arthritis patients: a randomized controlled trial. Duan, XW; Mao, SY; Shang, JJ; Shi, XD; Zhang, XL, 2015)	0.67
" The median prednisone dosage was 10 mg/d (IQR 0-10 mg/day)."	( Iguratimod as an alternative induction therapy for refractory lupus nephritis: a preliminary investigational study. Bao, C; Dai, M; Dai, Q; Du, F; Fu, Q; Kang, Y; Lu, L; Wang, R; Wu, C; Yan, Q; Ye, P, 2020)	2

Class	Description
organic molecular entity	Any molecular entity that contains carbon.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	17.1834	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID743036; AID743042; AID743054; AID743063
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.1014	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID743069; AID743075
Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	Potency	35.4813	0.0096	10.5250	35.4813	AID1479145
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	6.8100	0.0380	3.0910	9.8000	AID1384609
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
prostaglandin biosynthetic process	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mature B cell apoptotic process	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expression	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein kinase A signaling	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage chemotaxis	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic acid metabolic process	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migration	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of B cell proliferation	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphorylation	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of macrophage activation	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive chemotaxis	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein metabolic process	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion involved in immune response	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte cytokine production involved in immune response	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homotrimerization	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of arachidonic acid secretion	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescence	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cellular senescence	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
protease binding	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
dopachrome isomerase activity	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine activity	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor binding	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
chemoattractant activity	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular region	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
vesicle	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule lumen	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens (human)
virion membrane	Spike glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347411	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1384609	Inhibition of recombinant human MIF tautomerase activity using L-dopachrome methyl ester as substrate measured for 20 secs	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-27, Volume: 61, Issue:18	Advances and Insights for Small Molecule Inhibition of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	7 (5.26)	18.2507
2000's	16 (12.03)	29.6817
2010's	52 (39.10)	24.3611
2020's	58 (43.61)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	19 (14.18%)	5.53%
Reviews	18 (13.43%)	6.00%
Case Studies	7 (5.22%)	4.05%
Observational	5 (3.73%)	0.25%
Other	85 (63.43%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
thyroxine [no description available]	2.17	1	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	mitogen
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.21	1	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	9.62	1	1	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
benzyl isothiocyanate benzyl isothiocyanate: inhibits carcinogen-induced neoplasia; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #715; also promotes urinary bladder carcinoma	2.17	1	0	benzenes; isothiocyanate	antibacterial drug
ebselen ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.	2.17	1	0	benzoselenazole	anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	2.17	1	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	2.63	2	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.	8.87	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.	1.98	1	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	2	1	0	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	6.51	5	1
temozolomide [no description available]	7.21	1	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.21	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	7.89	3	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	2	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	9.29	2	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.1	1	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	3.55	2	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
citrulline citrulline : The parent compound of the citrulline class consisting of ornithine having a carbamoyl group at the N(5)-position.	2.25	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; citrulline	Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; protective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	3.59	1	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
pristane pristane: structure. pristane : A norterpene that is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon derived from phytane by loss of its C-16 terminal methyl group.	7.31	1	0	long-chain alkane; norterpene	biomarker; immunological adjuvant
pontamine sky blue [no description available]	2.17	1	0
rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.	7.6	1	0	cobalt group element atom
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2	1	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
n-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine: reactive arylating intermediate from acetaminophen & N-hydroxyacetaminophen; structure given in first source	2.17	1	0	ketoimine; quinone imine
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	1.98	1	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
leucine methyl ester leucine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L-Leu)-isomer. methyl L-leucinate : The methyl ester of L-leucine.	2	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-leucine derivative; methyl ester
mizoribine [no description available]	3.23	1	0	imidazoles	anticoronaviral agent
diprofos [no description available]	3.59	1	1
methotrexate [no description available]	10.47	32	6	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
bradykinin [no description available]	2.39	2	0	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	1.98	1	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	3.61	2	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	2.25	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
bucillamine [no description available]	4.07	2	0	organic molecular entity
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	2.13	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	1.99	1	0
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.39	2	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	2.13	1	0
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	1.98	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 5(S)-HETE : A HETE having a (5S)-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.. 5-HETE : A HETE having a 5-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.	1.98	1	0	HETE	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ellagic acid [no description available]	2.17	1	0	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone: from Streptomyces sp OH-1049; structure given in first source. 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone : A 7-hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3'.	2.17	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	4.07	2	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	2.6	1	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
ciclesonide ciclesonide: nasal spray approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis	7.25	1	0	organic molecular entity
leucyl-leucine-methyl ester leucyl-leucine-methyl ester: RN given refers to all L-isomer	2	1	0	peptide
tofacitinib tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis.	7.59	2	0	N-acylpiperidine; nitrile; pyrrolopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound	antirheumatic drug; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.1	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	7.72	3	0
epoxyazadiradione epoxyazadiradione: limonoid from neem tree Azadirachta indica; RN given for (5alpha,7alpha,13alpha,14beta,15beta,17alpha)-isomer; structure in first source. epoxyazadiradione : A limonoid that is azadiradione with an epoxy group across positions 14 and 15. Isolated from Azadirachta indica it exhibits insecticidal activitry against mosquitoes.	2.17	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic terpene ketone; epoxide; furans; limonoid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; insecticide; plant metabolite
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.52	2	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.	1.98	1	0	aluminosilicate mineral; mixture	antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.46	2	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	2.58	2	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	3.09	4	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	3.09	4	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	0	13.38	72	14
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	1	15.38	72	14
Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	3.16	3	0
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus [description not available]	0	5.82	6	1
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	0	3.16	3	0
Lupus Nephritis Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).	1	7.82	6	1
Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available]	0	2.9	2	0
Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.	0	2.9	2	0
Sicca Syndrome [description not available]	0	7.77	8	2
Sjogren's Syndrome Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.	1	9.77	8	2
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	0	3.2	4	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	0	3.2	4	0
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis [description not available]	0	4.21	2	0
Spondylitis, Ankylosing A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.	0	4.21	2	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	2.6	1	0
Ache [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	0	2.6	1	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	0	2.6	1	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	0	3.45	7	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	0	7.6	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	4.8	10	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	2.21	1	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	0	7.21	1	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	0	7.21	1	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	2.69	2	0
IgG4 Related Systemic Disease [description not available]	0	4.02	2	1
Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease A spectrum of systemic autoimmune diseases in which IMMUNOGLOBULIN G4 plays a pathophysiologic role. It can affect multiple organs in highly variable presentations, characterized by inflammatory lesions composed of IgG4-positive PLASMA CELLS, further infiltrated by T helper cells (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER) when linked to progressive FIBROSIS and eventual organ damage.	0	4.02	2	1
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	0	2.25	1	0
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	0	2.25	1	0
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	0	2.31	1	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	0	3.08	4	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	7.31	1	0
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	0	2.31	1	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	2.31	1	0
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available]	0	2.94	3	0
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.	0	2.94	3	0
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	0	2.31	1	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	0	2.66	2	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	0	2.66	2	0
Duncan Disease [description not available]	0	2.63	2	0
Lymphoproliferative Disorders Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.	0	2.63	2	0
Allodynia [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	0	2.15	1	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	0	7.17	1	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	0	2.17	1	0
Acute Generalised Exanthematous Pustulosis [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Exanthem [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.	0	2.17	1	0
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	0	2.17	1	0
Pain, Intractable Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment.	0	2.17	1	0
Arthritis, Spinal [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	0	2.21	1	0
Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied.	0	2.17	1	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	0	2.17	1	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	0	3.09	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	0	3.09	1	0
Airway Remodeling The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.	0	2.21	1	0
P carinii Pneumonia [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Adverse Effects, Long Term [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.	0	2.17	1	0
Bleeding [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	0	2.13	1	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	0	2.13	1	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	0	2.13	1	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	0	2.13	1	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	0	2.13	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	2.03	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	7.03	1	0
Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.	0	7.03	1	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	0	2.03	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	2.04	1	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	0	3.33	4	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	0	3.33	4	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Anasarca [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	2	1	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	0	2.39	2	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	0	2.39	2	0
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.	0	2.01	1	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	0	1.98	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	0	1.98	1	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Granulomas [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	0	1.98	1	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	0	1.98	1	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	0	1.98	1	0

iguratimod

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (64)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (4)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (35)

Molecular Functions (8)

Ceullar Components (12)

Bioassays (6)

Research

Studies (133)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 67.66

Study Types

iguratimod

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (64)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (4)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (35)

Molecular Functions (8)

Ceullar Components (12)

Bioassays (6)

Research

Studies (133)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 67.66

Study Types

Related Drugs (56)

Related Conditions (118)