ibutamoren mesylate

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

ibutamoren mesylate: a growth hormone secretagogue; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	6450830
CHEMBL ID	2105872
SCHEMBL ID	4451194
MeSH ID	M0578056

Synonyms (59)

Synonym
HY-50844
ibutamoren (mesylate)
mk-0677
mk-677
crescendo
l-163191
ibutamoren mesilate
D04491
ibutamoren mesylate (usan)
159752-10-0
ibutamoren mesylate
propanamide, 2-amino-n-(2-(1,2-dihydro-1-(methylsulfonyl)spiro(3h-indole-3,4'-piperidin)-1'-yl)-2-oxo-1-((phenylmethoxy)methyl)ethyl)-2-methyl-, (r)-, monomethanesulfonate
mk 677
mk 0677
r90jb6qj2b ,
2-amino-n-((r)-2-(benzyloxy)-1-((1-(methylsulfonyl)spiro(indoline-3,4'-piperidin)-1'-yl)carbonyl)ethyl)-2-methyl-propionamide monomethanesulfonate
2-amino-n-((r)-2-(benzyloxy)-1-((1-(methylsulfonyl)spiro(indoline-3,4'-piperidin)-1'-yl)carbonyl)ethyl)-2-methylpropionamide monomethanesulfonate
ibutamoren mesylate [usan]
unii-r90jb6qj2b
AKOS015994560
BCP9000829
BCP9000943
BCP0726000081
CS-0444
S1151
CHEMBL2105872
smr004701368
MLS006010300
ibutamoren, mk-0677
ES-0005
2-amino-n-(2-(1,2-dihydro-1-(methylsulfonyl)spiro(3h-indole-3,4'-piperidin)-1'-yl)-2-oxo-1-((phenylmethoxy)methyl)ethyl)-2-methylpropanamide mesilate -l
2-amino-n-(2-(1,2-dihydro-1-(methylsulfonyl)spiro(3h-indole-3,4'-piperidin)-1'-yl)-2-oxo-1-((phenylmethoxy)methyl)ethyl)-2-methylpropanamide mesylate -l
2-amino-n-((r)-2-(benzyloxy)-1-((1-(methylsulphonyl)spiro(indoline-3,4'-piperidin)-1'-yl)carbonyl)ethyl)-2-methylpropionamide monomethanesulphonate
SCHEMBL4451194
1'-(2-methylalanyl-o-benzyl-d-seryl)-1-(methylsulfonyl)-1,2-dihydrospiro[indole-3,4'-piperidine] methanesulfonate (1:1)
2-amino-n-[(1r)-2-[1,2-dihydro-1-(methylsulfonyl)spiro[3h-indole-3,4'-piperidin]-1'-yl]-2-oxo-1-[(phenylmethoxy)methyl]ethyl]-2-methylpropanamide methanesulfonate
2-amino-2-methyl-n-[(2r)-1-(1-methylsulfonylspiro[2h-indole-3,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)-1-oxo-3-(phenylmethoxy)propan-2-yl]propanamide; methanesulfonic acid
(r)-2-amino-n-(3-(benzyloxy)-1-(1-(methylsulfonyl)spiro[indoline-3,4'-piperidin]-1'-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-2-methylpropanamide methanesulfonate
(r)-2-amino-n-(3-(benzyloxy)-1-(1-(methylsulfonyl)spiro[indoline-3,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-2-methylpropanamide methanesulfonate
ibutamoren mesylate (mk-677)
J-690213
EX-A728
ibutamorin;mk-677
mfcd00942284
DTXSID50936168
2-amino-n-{3-(benzyloxy)-1-[1-(methanesulfonyl)-1,2-dihydrospiro[indole-3,4'-piperidin]-1'-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-2-methylpropanimidic acid--methanesulfonic acid (1/1)
propanamide, 2-amino-n-[(1r)-2-[1,2-dihydro-1-(methylsulfonyl)spiro[3h-indole-3,4'-piperidin]-1'-yl]-2-oxo-1-[(phenylmethoxy)methyl]ethyl]-2-methyl-, methanesulfonate (1:1)
2-amino-2-methyl-n-[(2r)-1-(1-methylsulfonylspiro[2h-indole-3,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)-1-oxo-3-phenylmethoxypropan-2-yl]propanamide;methanesulfonic acid
HMS3884A05
CCG-270273
2-amino-2-methyl-n-[(2r)-1-(1-methylsulfonylspiro[2h-indole-3,4'-piperidine]-1'-yl)-1-oxo-3-(phenylmethoxy)propan-2-yl]propanamide mesylate.
Q27287984
2-amino-n-[(1r)-2-[1,2-dihydro-1-(methylsulfonyl)spiro[3h-indole-3,4'-piperidin]-1'-yl]-2-oxo-1-[(phenylmethoxy)methyl]ethyl]-2-methylpropanamide methanesulfonate;ibutamoren mesylate
A883281
ibutamoren mesylate (mk-0677)
(r)-2-amino-n-(3-(benzyloxy)-1-(1-(methylsulfonyl)spiro[indoline-3,4'-piperidin]-1'-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-2-methylpropanamidemethanesulfonate
2-amino-n-(2-(1,2-dihydro-1-(methylsulfonyl)spiro(3h-indole-3,4'-piperidin)-1'-yl)-2-oxo-1-((phenylmethoxy)methyl)ethyl)-2-methylpropanamide mesilate-l
nutrobal
2-amino-n-(2-(1,2-dihydro-1-(methylsulfonyl)spiro(3h-indole-3,4'-piperidin)-1'-yl)-2-oxo-1-((phenylmethoxy)methyl)ethyl)-2-methylpropanamide mesylate-l

Research Excerpts

Overview

Ibutamoren mesylate is an orally active, nonpeptide growth hormone secretagogue. MK-0677 has been developed to stimulate excretion of endogenous growth hormone.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Ibutamoren mesylate, or MK-0677, is an orally active, nonpeptide growth hormone secretagogue that has been developed to stimulate excretion of endogenous growth hormone. "	( Equine metabolism of the growth hormone secretagogue MK-0677 in vitro and in urine and plasma following oral administration. Cutler, C; Habershon-Butcher, J; Taylor, P; Van Eenoo, P; Viljanto, M, 2022)	2.16

Dosage Studied

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Serum IGF-I levels were significantly increased over control levels at all dosage levels by 480 min on the first day of MK-0677 administration."	( Repeat administration of the GH secretagogue MK-0677 increases and maintains elevated IGF-I levels in beagles. Chen, HY; Feeney, W; Frazier, E; Hickey, GJ; Jacks, TM; Krupa, D; Nargund, RP; Patchett, AA; Schleim, KD; Smith, RG, 1997)	0.3
"3 micrograms/L after a week of dosing compared with placebo treatment peak GH values of approximately 9 (treatment day 1) and approximately 7 micrograms/L (treatment day 7)."	( MK-677, an orally active growth hormone secretagogue, reverses diet-induced catabolism. Clemmons, DR; Gertz, BJ; He, W; Murphy, MG; Plunkett, LM; Polvino, WM; Wittreich, J, 1998)	0.3
" A group of 4 dogs were dosed orally with MK-0677 (5 mg/kg/day) dissolved in deionized water."	( Insulin-like growth factor-1 and growth hormone (GH) levels in canine cerebrospinal fluid are unaffected by GH or GH secretagogue (MK-0677) administration. Block, G; Cahill, M; DeBurlet, G; Handt, L; Hoe, CM; Prahalada, S; van Zwieten, MJ, )	0.13
" In conclusion, once daily dosing with MK-677, an orally active GH secretagogue, stimulates bone turnover in elderly subjects based on elevations in biochemical markers of bone resorption and formation."	( Oral administration of the growth hormone secretagogue MK-677 increases markers of bone turnover in healthy and functionally impaired elderly adults. The MK-677 Study Group. Bach, MA; Bolognese, J; Cerchio, K; Gertz, BJ; Krupa, D; Murphy, MG; Ng, J; Plotkin, D, 1999)	0.3

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (2)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).	2014	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (100)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	42 (42.00)	18.2507
2000's	42 (42.00)	29.6817
2010's	9 (9.00)	24.3611
2020's	7 (7.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 36.41

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	36.41 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	4.80 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	4.47 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	52.19 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	2.04 (0.95)

This Compound (36.41)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	19 (18.63%)	5.53%
Reviews	23 (22.55%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1 (0.98%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	59 (57.84%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
carbamates [no description available]	2.04	1	0	amino-acid anion
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2.02	1	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.	3.39	1	1	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound	bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
theophylline [no description available]	2	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.02	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	2.15	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	1.98	1	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
aldosterone [no description available]	1.98	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	3.82	2	1	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.08	1	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
piperidine [no description available]	2	1	0	azacycloalkane; piperidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; secondary amine	base; catalyst; human metabolite; non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; protic solvent; reagent
thiazoles [no description available]	2.92	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
substance p [no description available]	2	1	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.	2	1	0
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	3.79	3	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.92	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
l 692429 L 692429: stimulates release of growth hormone; RN refers to (R)-isomer; structure given in first source	7.89	11	1
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.	2	1	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound	adenosine A3 receptor agonist
5-amino-2,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylphenylethylamine [no description available]	2	1	0
l 163255 L 163255: a growth hormone secretagogue; RN given for (R)-isomer; structure in first source	3.12	1	0
cp 424391 CP 424391: a growth hormone secretagogue; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	2.1	1	0
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.	2	1	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	2	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
hexarelin hexarelin: a synthetic growth hormone releasing peptide; structurally similar to GHRP-6, with the substitution of D-Trp with its 2-methyl derivative; more potent & stable and less toxic than GHRP-6	8.72	14	1
sm 130686 SM 130686: a growth hormone secretagogue; structure in first source	3.12	1	0
tabimorelin tabimorelin: a growth hormone secretagogue; structure in first source	3.8	3	0
ipamorelin [no description available]	4.31	3	0
ghrp-1 alanyl-histidyl-(2-naphthyl)alanyl-tryptophyl-phenylalanyl-lysinamide: amino acid sequence given in first source; a second generation growth hormone-releasing peptide	3.09	1	0
motilin Motilin: A peptide of about 22-amino acids isolated from the DUODENUM. At low pH it inhibits gastric motor activity, whereas at high pH it has a stimulating effect.	3.1	1	0
neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.	2	1	0
substance p, phe(5)-trp(7,9)-leu(11)- substance P, Phe(5)-Trp(7,9)-Leu(11)-: substance P antagonist; bombesin antagonist	2	1	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	4.02	4	0
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.	1.99	1	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	3.38	1	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	2.1	1	0
Amyloid Deposits [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	6.85	5	1
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	2.21	1	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	6.85	5	1
Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.	2.21	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.55	2	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	2.25	1	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	3.88	2	1
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	3.88	2	1
Hyperphagia Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.	2.1	1	0
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	2.1	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	7.05	8	1
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	2.96	1	0
Ache [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	3.43	1	1
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	4.34	1	1
Decreased Muscle Tone [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Atrophy, Muscle [description not available]	4.72	2	1
Muscular Atrophy Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.	4.72	2	1
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	2.05	1	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2.97	1	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	2.97	1	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.97	1	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	2.97	1	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.97	1	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	7.55	7	5
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	3.4	1	1
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	2.01	1	0
Intertrochanteric Fractures [description not available]	4.73	2	1
Hip Fractures Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).	4.73	2	1
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	2.93	1	0
Appetite Disorders [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Dwarfism, Growth Hormone Deficiency [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Feeding and Eating Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.	2.93	1	0
Dwarfism, Pituitary A form of dwarfism caused by complete or partial GROWTH HORMONE deficiency, resulting from either the lack of GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING FACTOR from the HYPOTHALAMUS or from the mutations in the growth hormone gene (GH1) in the PITUITARY GLAND. It is also known as Type I pituitary dwarfism. Human hypophysial dwarf is caused by a deficiency of HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE during development.	2.93	1	0
Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.	2.93	1	0
Ileus A condition caused by the lack of intestinal PERISTALSIS or INTESTINAL MOTILITY without any mechanical obstruction. This interference of the flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS often leads to INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Ileus may be classified into postoperative, inflammatory, metabolic, neurogenic, and drug-induced.	2.93	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	2.95	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	2.95	1	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	2.95	1	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	2.95	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	1.99	1	0
Stunted Growth [description not available]	3.79	2	0
Anemia, Cooley's [description not available]	2.91	1	0
Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.	3.79	2	0
beta-Thalassemia A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.	2.91	1	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2	1	0
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available]	2	1	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2	1	0
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.	2	1	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	2.92	1	0
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	3.39	1	1
Fibroadenoma An adenoma containing fibrous tissue. It should be differentiated from ADENOFIBROMA which is a tumor composed of connective tissue (fibroma) containing glandular (adeno-) structures. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	2	1	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	2	1	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2	1	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	2	1	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.	3.39	1	1
Cancer of Endocrine Gland [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS.	2.01	1	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.01	1	0

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