| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge.. | 4.33 | 6 | 0 | diatomic iodine | nutrient |
melatonin
[no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | acetamides;
tryptamines | anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger |
pentachlorophenol
PENTA: structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide;
chlorophenol;
organochlorine pesticide;
pentachlorobenzenes | human xenobiotic metabolite |
trimethylamine
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | methylamines;
tertiary amine | Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite |
2,4,6-tribromophenol
[no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | bromophenol | environmental contaminant;
fungicide;
marine metabolite |
beta-naphthoflavone
beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308). beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | extended flavonoid;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
organic heterotricyclic compound | aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist |
decamethonium
decamethonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. decamethonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is a depolarising muscle relaxant whose structure comprises a decane-1,10-diamine core in which each amino group carries three methyl substituents. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | muscle relaxant;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist |
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide | bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant |
iopanoic acid
Iopanoic Acid: Radiopaque medium used as diagnostic aid. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | |
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative |
salicylamide
salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | phenols;
salicylamides | antirheumatic drug;
non-narcotic analgesic |
ipodate
Ipodate: Ionic monomeric contrast media. Usually the sodium or calcium salts are used for examination of the gall bladder and biliary tract. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p704) | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid
tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome. | 4.01 | 4 | 0 | | |
3,3',5-triiodothyropropionic acid
[no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. | 6.66 | 30 | 0 | 2-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine | antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone |
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols | antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. | 6.6 | 40 | 0 | 2-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone |
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound | antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor |
sulfamic acid
sulfamic acid: standard in alkalimetry; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfamic acid : The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | sulfamic acids | |
dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | formamides;
volatile organic compound | geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
polar aprotic solvent |
bisphenol a
4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | bisphenol | endocrine disruptor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic;
xenoestrogen |
dibenzo(1,4)dioxin
dibenzo(1,4)dioxin: structure | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | dibenzodioxine;
heteranthrene;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
oxacycle;
polycyclic heteroarene | |
diiodotyrosine
Diiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of MONOIODOTYROSINE. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, diiodotyrosine residues are coupled with other monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine residues to form T4 or T3 thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE).. diiodotyrosine : A dihalogenated L-tyrosine which has two iodo-substituents on the benzyl moiety.. 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine : A diiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying iodo-substituents at positions C-3 and C-5 of the benzyl group. It is an intermediate in the thyroid hormone synthesis. | 3.47 | 2 | 0 | diiodotyrosine;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol
[no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | | |
dithiothreitol
1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol;
butanediols;
dithiol;
glycol;
thiol | chelator;
human metabolite;
reducing agent |
galactosamine
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | D-galactosamine;
primary amino compound | toxin |
sodium sulfate
[no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | |
chlorosulfonic acid
[no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | | |
sulfur trioxide
sulfur trioxide: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | sulfur oxide | |
tetraiodothyroacetic acid
tetraiodothyroacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is thyroacetic acid carrying four iodo substituents at positions 3, 3', 5 and 5'. | 3.48 | 2 | 0 | 2-halophenol;
aromatic ether;
iodophenol;
monocarboxylic acid | apoptosis inducer;
human metabolite;
thyroid hormone |
3,5-diiodothyronine, (l)-isomer
[no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | phenylalanine derivative | |
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether
[no description available] | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether;
organobromine compound | |
3-monoiodothyronine
3-monoiodothyronine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation | 3.98 | 4 | 0 | | |
2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid
2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid: amino acid analog; releases insulin; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
3'-monoiodothyronine
3'-monoiodothyronine: RN given refers to (L-Tyr)-isomer | 4.32 | 6 | 0 | | |
triiodothyronine sulfate
[no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfate;
O-sulfoamino acid | human metabolite |
3,5-diiodothyronine
3,5-diiodothyronine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 10.37 | 11 | 0 | organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound | |
3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid
3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid: a cardiotonic thyroid hormone analog. 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)propanoic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group. An ionotropic analogue of L-thyroxine. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
organoiodine compound;
phenols | |
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | | |
monoiodotyrosine
Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion;
L-tyrosine derivative;
monoiodotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group. | 3.47 | 8 | 0 | pyrimidinethione | antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist |
thiouracil
Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue;
thiocarbonyl compound | antithyroid drug;
metabolite |
chloramine-t
chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen. | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | allergen;
antifouling biocide;
disinfectant |
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | chalcogen;
nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
thyronines
Thyronines: A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms.. thyronine : A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl. | 6.54 | 27 | 0 | thyronine | |
triiodothyronine, reverse
Triiodothyronine, Reverse: A metabolite of THYROXINE, formed by the peripheral enzymatic monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 position of the inner ring of the iodothyronine nucleus.. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine zwitterion : Zwitterionic form of 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine. | 6.51 | 26 | 0 | 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine;
amino acid zwitterion | |
3',5'-diiodothyronine
3',5'-diiodothyronine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer | 5.59 | 14 | 0 | phenylalanine derivative | |
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoate | plant metabolite |
nitrophenols
Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | | |