thyroxine and Depression studies

Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.
thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.

Depression: Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"This ancillary study of a randomized clinical trial found that depressive symptoms did not differ after levothyroxine therapy compared with placebo after 12 months; thus, these results do not provide evidence in favor of levothyroxine therapy in older persons with subclinical hypothyroidism to reduce the risk of developing depressive symptoms."	9.41	Effect of Levothyroxine Therapy on the Development of Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: An Ancillary Study of a Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Aujesky, D; Bauer, DC; Collet, TH; Del Giovane, C; Du Puy, RS; Feller, M; Gussekloo, J; Kearney, P; Klöppel, S; Mooijaart, SP; Moutzouri, E; Peeters, RP; Poortvliet, RKE; Quinn, TJ; Rodondi, N; Westendorp, R; Wildisen, L, 2021)
"In this preliminary study involving patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and acute myocardial infarction, treatment with levothyroxine, compared with placebo, did not significantly improve left ventricular ejection fraction after 52 weeks."	9.34	Effect of Levothyroxine on Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Addison, C; Austin, D; Carey, P; Greenwood, JP; Hollingsworth, KG; Ingoe, L; Jabbar, A; Junejo, S; Parikh, JD; Pearce, SHS; Razvi, S; Stocken, DD; Thomas, H; Zaman, A, 2020)
"Add-on supraphysiological dose of levothyroxine has a potential role in attenuating depressive symptoms in bipolar depression, especially in therapy-resistant BD."	9.22	Efficacy and safety of supraphysiologic doses of levothyroxine for patients with bipolar depression in adults: A systematic review. ( George, S; Jena, M; Maiti, R; Mishra, A; Ranjan Mishra, B, 2022)
"Adding supraphysiologic doses of levothyroxine (L-T4) to standard treatment for bipolar depression shows promise, but the mechanisms underlying clinical improvement are unknown."	9.22	Levothyroxine effects on depressive symptoms and limbic glucose metabolism in bipolar disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled positron emission tomography study. ( Adli, M; Bauer, M; Berman, S; Hellemann, GS; London, ED; Pilhatsch, M; Plotkin, M; Schlagenhauf, F; Stamm, T; Whybrow, PC, 2016)
" The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of levothyroxine treatment on depressive symptoms in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism."	9.20	Depressive symptoms in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism--the effect of treatment with levothyroxine: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. ( Aghili, R; Ebrahim Valojerdi, A; Hadian, A; Khamseh, ME; Malek, M; Najafi, L, 2015)
"To compare the effect of combination therapy with thyroxine (T(4)) and T(3) versus T(4) monotherapy in patients with hypothyroidism on stable T(4) substitution."	9.14	Effect of combination therapy with thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine versus T4 monotherapy in patients with hypothyroidism, a double-blind, randomised cross-over study. ( Faber, J; Jarløv, A; Jensen, EW; Kvetny, J; Nygaard, B, 2009)
" We determined the effects of venlafaxine and/or L-thyroxine on metabolic parameters and markers involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and cell damage in an animal model of coexisting depression and hypothyroidism, namely, Wistar Kyoto rats treated with propylthiouracil."	8.02	Venlafaxine and L-Thyroxine Treatment Combination: Impact on Metabolic and Synaptic Plasticity Changes in an Animal Model of Coexisting Depression and Hypothyroidism. ( Budziszewska, B; Detka, J; Głombik, K, 2021)
" Beyond measuring serum levels of thyrotropin, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, and prolactin, before the beginning of the study and six months later, all enrolled patients completed questionnaires evaluating male sexual function (International Index of Erectile Func-tion-15: IIEF-15) and assessing the presence and severity of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition - BDI-II)."	7.88	Sexual function and depressive symptoms in young men with hypothyroidism receiving levothyroxine/liothyronine combination therapy. ( Krysiak, R; Marek, B; Okopień, B, 2018)
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of depression in and effect of L-thyroxine therapy on patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) in Taiwan."	7.83	Risk of Depression, Chronic Morbidities, and l-Thyroxine Treatment in Hashimoto Thyroiditis in Taiwan: A Nationwide Cohort Study. ( Chen, HH; Kao, CH; Lin, CL; Lin, IC; Yeh, SY, 2016)
"Using patient-completed instruments, we examined the frequency of physical complaints, HRQL, anxiety and depression in 130 DTC patients hospitalized for radioiodine therapy or whole-body diagnostics (age 52 years, female 71%) under short-term hypothyroidism (4 weeks of levothyroxine withdrawal; DTC-H) and in 100 DTC out-patients under TSH-suppressive doses of levothyroxine subsequent to radioiodine therapy (DTC-L; age 49 years, female 81%)."	7.73	Health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression in thyroid cancer patients under short-term hypothyroidism and TSH-suppressive levothyroxine treatment. ( Bockisch, A; Erim, Y; Freudenberg, L; Görges, R; Herpertz, S; Langkafel, M; Schöpper, N; Senf, W; Tagay, S, 2005)
"Depression may occasionally be a presenting feature of primary hypothyroidism but the influence of psychological illness upon L-thyroxine compliance in hypothyroidism has not been specifically addressed."	7.67	Depression in primary hypothyroidism masquerading as inadequate or excessive L-thyroxine consumption. ( Exley, A; O'Malley, BP, 1989)
"Serum levels of thyroxine (T4), 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (rT3), 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2), 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2) and 3',5'-diiodothyronine (3',5'-T2) were studied in 80 patients with endogenous depression before and after electroconvulsive treatment (ECT)."	7.66	Altered serum levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronines and diiodothyronines in endogenous depression. ( Faber, J; Kirkegaard, C, 1981)
"This ancillary study of a randomized clinical trial found that depressive symptoms did not differ after levothyroxine therapy compared with placebo after 12 months; thus, these results do not provide evidence in favor of levothyroxine therapy in older persons with subclinical hypothyroidism to reduce the risk of developing depressive symptoms."	5.41	Effect of Levothyroxine Therapy on the Development of Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: An Ancillary Study of a Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Aujesky, D; Bauer, DC; Collet, TH; Del Giovane, C; Du Puy, RS; Feller, M; Gussekloo, J; Kearney, P; Klöppel, S; Mooijaart, SP; Moutzouri, E; Peeters, RP; Poortvliet, RKE; Quinn, TJ; Rodondi, N; Westendorp, R; Wildisen, L, 2021)
"Depressive mood consequent to hypothyroidism can be reversed with levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy."	5.34	Effect of increased levothyroxine dose on depressive mood in older adults undergoing thyroid hormone replacement therapy. ( Choi, SH; Han, JW; Jang, HC; Kim, KW; Lim, S; Moon, JH; Oh, TJ, 2020)
"In this preliminary study involving patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and acute myocardial infarction, treatment with levothyroxine, compared with placebo, did not significantly improve left ventricular ejection fraction after 52 weeks."	5.34	Effect of Levothyroxine on Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Addison, C; Austin, D; Carey, P; Greenwood, JP; Hollingsworth, KG; Ingoe, L; Jabbar, A; Junejo, S; Parikh, JD; Pearce, SHS; Razvi, S; Stocken, DD; Thomas, H; Zaman, A, 2020)
"The role of thyroid function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been subject to a number of studies during the last years."	5.33	Free thyroxine, cognitive decline and depression in Alzheimer's disease. ( Arlt, S; Mueller-Thomsen, T; Stuerenburg, HJ, 2006)
"Hypothyroidism is a relative state, long associated with fatigue and depression."	5.30	Experiences of fatigue and depression before and after low-dose 1-thyroxine supplementation in essentially euthyroid individuals. ( Dzurec, LC, 1997)
"Add-on supraphysiological dose of levothyroxine has a potential role in attenuating depressive symptoms in bipolar depression, especially in therapy-resistant BD."	5.22	Efficacy and safety of supraphysiologic doses of levothyroxine for patients with bipolar depression in adults: A systematic review. ( George, S; Jena, M; Maiti, R; Mishra, A; Ranjan Mishra, B, 2022)
"Adding supraphysiologic doses of levothyroxine (L-T4) to standard treatment for bipolar depression shows promise, but the mechanisms underlying clinical improvement are unknown."	5.22	Levothyroxine effects on depressive symptoms and limbic glucose metabolism in bipolar disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled positron emission tomography study. ( Adli, M; Bauer, M; Berman, S; Hellemann, GS; London, ED; Pilhatsch, M; Plotkin, M; Schlagenhauf, F; Stamm, T; Whybrow, PC, 2016)
" The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of levothyroxine treatment on depressive symptoms in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism."	5.20	Depressive symptoms in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism--the effect of treatment with levothyroxine: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. ( Aghili, R; Ebrahim Valojerdi, A; Hadian, A; Khamseh, ME; Malek, M; Najafi, L, 2015)
"To compare the effect of combination therapy with thyroxine (T(4)) and T(3) versus T(4) monotherapy in patients with hypothyroidism on stable T(4) substitution."	5.14	Effect of combination therapy with thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine versus T4 monotherapy in patients with hypothyroidism, a double-blind, randomised cross-over study. ( Faber, J; Jarløv, A; Jensen, EW; Kvetny, J; Nygaard, B, 2009)
"The results from CaPS and our meta-analysis are consistent and suggest that, if anything, higher levels of thyroxine in the normal range are associated with increased risk of depression."	4.85	Thyroid function and the natural history of depression: findings from the Caerphilly Prospective Study (CaPS) and a meta-analysis. ( Ben-Shlomo, Y; Dayan, CM; Evans, J; Gallacher, J; Harris, R; Williams, MD, 2009)
"Hypothyroidism may give rise to frank depression that usually responds to thyroxine therapy."	4.80	The thyroid axis and depression. ( Jackson, IM, 1998)
" Alterations in this axis, particularly low triiodothyronine syndrome, are a common neuroendocrine adaptation to semi-starvation in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), who also frequently suffer from co-existing depressive symptoms."	4.12	Associations between pituitary-thyroid hormones and depressive symptoms in individuals with anorexia nervosa before and after weight-recovery. ( Bahnsen, K; Bauer, M; Ehrlich, S; Mirtschink, P; Poitz, DM; Roessner, V; Seidel, M; Steinhäuser, JL; Tam, FI; Wronski, ML, 2022)
" We determined the effects of venlafaxine and/or L-thyroxine on metabolic parameters and markers involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and cell damage in an animal model of coexisting depression and hypothyroidism, namely, Wistar Kyoto rats treated with propylthiouracil."	4.02	Venlafaxine and L-Thyroxine Treatment Combination: Impact on Metabolic and Synaptic Plasticity Changes in an Animal Model of Coexisting Depression and Hypothyroidism. ( Budziszewska, B; Detka, J; Głombik, K, 2021)
"2 mg/kg/day of l-thyroxine for 21 days starting at postnatal day 40 to induce hyperthyroidism."	3.91	Age-dependent evaluation of long-term depression responses in hyperthyroid rats: Possible roles of oxidative intracellular redox status. ( Babur, E; Dursun, N; Koşar, B; Süer, C; Tan, B; Varol, S, 2019)
" Beyond measuring serum levels of thyrotropin, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, and prolactin, before the beginning of the study and six months later, all enrolled patients completed questionnaires evaluating male sexual function (International Index of Erectile Func-tion-15: IIEF-15) and assessing the presence and severity of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition - BDI-II)."	3.88	Sexual function and depressive symptoms in young men with hypothyroidism receiving levothyroxine/liothyronine combination therapy. ( Krysiak, R; Marek, B; Okopień, B, 2018)
"The thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) can be used as an augmentation therapy for depression."	3.88	Use of liothyronine (L-T3) as an augmentation therapy for depression during pregnancy. ( Bhella, VS; Garg, D, 2018)
" Apart from measuring serum levels of thyrotropin and free thyroid hormones and thyroid antibody titers, all included patients completed a questionnaires evaluating male sexual function (International Index of Erectile Function-15: IIEF-15) and assessing the presence and severity of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition - BDI-II) before and after 6 months of levothyroxine treatment."	3.85	The effect of l-thyroxine treatment on sexual function and depressive symptoms in men with autoimmune hypothyroidism. ( Krysiak, R; Okopień, B; Szkróbka, W, 2017)
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of depression in and effect of L-thyroxine therapy on patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) in Taiwan."	3.83	Risk of Depression, Chronic Morbidities, and l-Thyroxine Treatment in Hashimoto Thyroiditis in Taiwan: A Nationwide Cohort Study. ( Chen, HH; Kao, CH; Lin, CL; Lin, IC; Yeh, SY, 2016)
" The Zhongshan Station crew experienced significant increases in fatigue, anger, tension, confusion, and decrease in free thyroxine (FT4), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (E) during the winter, increase in thyrotropin (TSH) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) when returning, whereas their counterparts at Great Wall Station only experienced increased TT3 after deployment."	3.83	Different adaptations of Chinese winter-over expeditioners during prolonged Antarctic and sub-Antarctic residence. ( Chen, N; Li, H; Wu, Q; Xu, C; Zhang, T, 2016)
" All patients received the measurements of Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb)."	3.80	[Relationship between depression and thyroid hormone levels in patients with Graves disease]. ( Huang, H; Yan, YR; Yan, Z; Zeng, J, 2014)
"The serum concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine (fT4) did not affect the odds of prevalent or the hazard of incident depression."	3.77	Thyroid hormones and depression: the Health in Men study. ( Alfonso, H; Almeida, OP; Chubb, SA; Flicker, L; Hankey, G; Yeap, BB, 2011)
"The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients affected by subclinical hypothyroidism by means of Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS); to assess which depressive symptoms are prevalent in our population, with references to the factorialization of HAM-D by Cleary and Guy (1977); to verify whether levothyroxine replacement therapy alone can induce total remission of depressive symptoms."	3.76	Prevalence of depression in patients affected by subclinical hypothyroidism. ( Demartini, B; Gambini, O; Masu, A; Pontiroli, AE; Scarone, S, 2010)
"To analyze associations between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4 concentrations and life satisfaction, symptoms, self-rated health, and common neuropsychiatric diseases (depression or dementia) in a community-dwelling elderly population to provide evidence whether to decrease the upper reference limit for TSH or the optimal TSH target in levothyroxine treatment in older adults."	3.74	Associations of thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine concentrations with health and life satisfaction in elderly adults. ( Eskelinen, SI; Irjala, KM; Isoaho, RE; Kivelä, SL; Löppönen, MK; Vahlberg, TJ, 2007)
" The behavioral and neuroendocrinological effects of icariin, a major constituent of flavonoids isolated from Epimedium brevicornum, were investigated in the CMS model of depression in male Wistar rats."	3.74	Icariin from Epimedium brevicornum attenuates chronic mild stress-induced behavioral and neuroendocrinological alterations in male Wistar rats. ( Jiang, FX; Kong, LD; Kung, HF; Li, YC; Pan, Y; Xia, X, 2007)
"We previously found significantly higher T3-resin uptake and nearly significantly lower total thyroxine concentrations at 38 weeks of pregnancy in women with higher postpartum depression ratings."	3.74	Antenatal thyroid correlates of postpartum depression. ( Bunevicius, R; Hamer, RM; Johnson, JL; Leserman, J; Meltzer-Brody, S; Pedersen, CA; Silva, S, 2007)
"Using patient-completed instruments, we examined the frequency of physical complaints, HRQL, anxiety and depression in 130 DTC patients hospitalized for radioiodine therapy or whole-body diagnostics (age 52 years, female 71%) under short-term hypothyroidism (4 weeks of levothyroxine withdrawal; DTC-H) and in 100 DTC out-patients under TSH-suppressive doses of levothyroxine subsequent to radioiodine therapy (DTC-L; age 49 years, female 81%)."	3.73	Health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression in thyroid cancer patients under short-term hypothyroidism and TSH-suppressive levothyroxine treatment. ( Bockisch, A; Erim, Y; Freudenberg, L; Görges, R; Herpertz, S; Langkafel, M; Schöpper, N; Senf, W; Tagay, S, 2005)
"Physicians should actively address psychiatric and cognitive aspects of hypothyroidism and in addition to thyroxine offer supportive treatment, especially to those depressed."	3.71	[Psychiatric and cognitive aspects of hypothyroidism]. ( Bjerke, SN; Bjøro, T; Heyerdahl, S, 2001)
"Depression may occasionally be a presenting feature of primary hypothyroidism but the influence of psychological illness upon L-thyroxine compliance in hypothyroidism has not been specifically addressed."	3.67	Depression in primary hypothyroidism masquerading as inadequate or excessive L-thyroxine consumption. ( Exley, A; O'Malley, BP, 1989)
" This diabetes insipidus is reversible, non-progressive, unrelated to plasma level, and distinct in attack from lithium-induced hypothyroidism, which may occur at low dosage but is also usually of late onset and reversible or treatable with thyroxine while lithium is continued."	3.65	Blood levels and management of lithium treatment. ( Crammer, JL; Crane, G; Rosser, RM, 1974)
"Many patients treated for primary hypothyroidism have an unexplained reduced quality of life (QOL)."	2.80	Quality of life in patients with primary hypothyroidism related to BMI. ( Berghout, A; Kelderman-Bolk, N; Tijssen, JP; Visser, TJ, 2015)
"Twenty patients with treatment-resistant depression received five 60-s 1-Hz trains over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex."	2.75	Changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis following successful treatment with low-frequency right prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-resistant depression. ( Fujita, K; Hasegawa, T; Kito, S; Koga, Y, 2010)
"Women with PTSD-CSA showed significant elevations in Total T3 and the TT3/free thyroxine (TT3/FT4) ratio, the FT3/TT3 ratio, and modest reductions in thyroid stimulating hormone relative to our community sample."	2.71	Thyroid hormone alterations among women with posttraumatic stress disorder due to childhood sexual abuse. ( Friedman, MJ; Jalowiec, JE; McDonagh-Coyle, A; McHugo, GJ; Wang, S, 2005)
"Hypothyroidism is diagnosed biochemically, being overt primary hypothyroidism defined as serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations above and thyroxine concentrations below the normal reference range."	2.61	Hypothyroidism in Context: Where We've Been and Where We're Going. ( Carlé, A; Chiovato, L; Magri, F, 2019)
"Hypothyroidism impacts aspects of cognitive functioning and mood."	2.44	Neuropsychiatric aspects of hypothyroidism and treatment reversibility. . ( Davis, JD; Tremont, G, 2007)
"Hypothyroidism and depression have many symptoms in common."	2.44	[Interactions between brain, psyche and thyroid]. ( Dietlein, M; Huff, W; Kobe, C; Schicha, H; Schmidt, M, 2008)
"Subclinical hyperthyroidism is associated with atrial fibrillation, osteoporosis and dementia."	2.42	[Subclinical functional disorders of the thyroid gland]. ( Corssmit, EP; Wiersinga, WM, 2003)
"In hyperthyroidism, depression is more severe."	1.62	The role of coping strategies, depression and anxiety in thyroid disease ( Coșa, LE; Cozma, MM; Mihai, A; Pápai, A, 2021)
"Hypothyroidism is diagnosed on the basis of laboratory tests because of the lack of specificity of the typical clinical manifestations."	1.62	Severe primary hypothyroidism in an apparently asymptomatic 19-year-old woman: a case report. ( Aljenaee, K; Dannan, R; Hajji, S, 2021)
"In adults with major depressive disorder (MDD), a dysfunction between the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis has been shown, but the interaction of both axes has not yet been studied in adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD)."	1.62	Lack of Evidence for a Relationship Between the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal and the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Adolescent Depression. ( Antel, J; Bühlmeier, J; Föcker, M; Grasemann, C; Hebebrand, J; Hinney, A; Hirtz, R; Holterhus, PM; Kiewert, C; Kulle, A; Libuda, L, 2021)
"Clinical hyper and hypothyroidism are associated with a risk for depression."	1.48	Association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and depressive symptoms in the Korean adult population: The 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. ( Hong, JW; Kim, DJ; Noh, JH, 2018)
"5-5 MIU/L with no need for dosage change were included in the study."	1.46	TSH cut off point based on depression in hypothyroid patients. ( Chehrei, A; Rafee, N; Rafei, F; Talaei, A, 2017)
"Also, depression is assessed with special focus on the two key symptoms: depressed mood and anhedonia."	1.40	The HAPPY study (Holistic Approach to Pregnancy and the first Postpartum Year): design of a large prospective cohort study. ( Broeren, MA; Kuppens, SM; Meems, M; Nabbe, KC; Oei, SG; Pop, VJ; Truijens, SE; van Son, MJ; Wijnen, HA, 2014)
"In the eating disorders (ED) comorbid depression is common and clinical experience suggests that it is partly related to starvation."	1.36	Do thyroid hormones mediate the effects of starvation on mood in adolescent girls with eating disorders? ( Rosling, A; Swenne, I, 2010)
"Hypothyroidism is a common problem in clinical practice, with diverse manifestations."	1.35	Mania as a presentation of primary hypothyroidism. ( Mahadevan, S; Radhika, R; Sathya, A; Sriram, U, 2009)
"The role of thyroid function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been subject to a number of studies during the last years."	1.33	Free thyroxine, cognitive decline and depression in Alzheimer's disease. ( Arlt, S; Mueller-Thomsen, T; Stuerenburg, HJ, 2006)
"Hypothyroidism was associated with a decrease in retrieval from memory (p = 0."	1.31	Hypothyroidism and cognition: preliminary evidence for a specific defect in memory. ( Burmeister, LA; DeKosky, ST; Dodge, HH; Ganguli, M; Nebes, RD; Toczek, T, 2001)
"In conclusion, hypothyroidism is associated with major depressive symptoms."	1.31	Depressive symptoms in hypothyroid disorder with some observations on biochemical correlates. ( Eriksson, M; Gunnarsson, T; Nordin, C; Sjöberg, S, 2001)
"High levels of tension-anxiety and confusion were preceded by declines in free T3 and T4."	1.31	Circannual pattern of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) function and mood during extended antarctic residence. ( Case, HS; Do, NV; Finney, NS; Palinkas, LA; Reed, HL; Reedy, KR, 2001)
"Hypothyroidism is a relative state, long associated with fatigue and depression."	1.30	Experiences of fatigue and depression before and after low-dose 1-thyroxine supplementation in essentially euthyroid individuals. ( Dzurec, LC, 1997)
"In 11 patients with chronic renal failure serum 3'-T1 levels were highly increased 285 pmol/l (115 - 1538 pmol/l) (P less than 0."	1.26	Serum 3'-monoiodothyronine levels in normal subjects and in patients with thyroid and non-thyroid disease. ( Cohn, D; Faber, J; Friis, T; Kirkegaard, C; Kølendorf, K; Lumholtz, IB; Siersbaek-Nielsen, K; Thomsen, HF, 1981)
"The TSH response in the groups with reactive depression, reactive paranoid psychosis, and neurotic depression, respectively, did not differ significantly from that found in controls."	1.26	Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test in manic-depressive illness. ( Bjørum, N; Cohn, D; Kirkegaard, C; Lauridsen, UB, 1978)

Research

Studies (154)

Authors

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Completion Rate

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	41 (26.62)	18.7374
1990's	17 (11.04)	18.2507
2000's	37 (24.03)	29.6817
2010's	42 (27.27)	24.3611
2020's	17 (11.04)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Wronski, ML	1
Tam, FI	1
Seidel, M	1
Mirtschink, P	1
Poitz, DM	1
Bahnsen, K	1
Steinhäuser, JL	1
Bauer, M	2
Roessner, V	1
Ehrlich, S	1
George, S	1
Maiti, R	1
Mishra, A	1
Ranjan Mishra, B	1
Jena, M	1
Kumar, R	1
LeMahieu, AM	1
Stan, MN	1
Seshadri, A	1
Ozerdem, A	1
Pazdernik, VK	1
Haynes, TL	1
Daugherty, DH	1
Sundaresh, V	1
Veldic, M	1
Croarkin, PE	1
Frye, MA	2
Singh, B	1
Chiovato, L	1
Magri, F	1
Carlé, A	1
Ojala, AK	1
Sintonen, H	1
Roine, RP	1
Strandberg, TE	1
Schalin-Jäntti, C	1
Moon, JH	2
Han, JW	2
Oh, TJ	1
Choi, SH	2
Lim, S	2
Kim, KW	2
Jang, HC	2
Gülsoy Kirnap, N	1
Turhan Iyidir, Ö	1
Bozkuş, Y	1
Işildak, ŞM	1
Anil, C	1
Firat, SN	1
Demir, C	1
Nar, A	1
Başçil Tütüncü, N	1
Jabbar, A	1
Ingoe, L	1
Junejo, S	1
Carey, P	1
Addison, C	1
Thomas, H	1
Parikh, JD	1
Austin, D	1
Hollingsworth, KG	1
Stocken, DD	1
Pearce, SHS	1
Greenwood, JP	1
Zaman, A	1
Razvi, S	1
Varella, AC	1
Benseñor, IM	1
Janovsky, CCPS	1
Goulart, AC	1
Birck, MG	1
Santos, IS	1
Brunoni, AR	1
Lotufo, PA	1
Wildisen, L	1
Feller, M	2
Del Giovane, C	1
Moutzouri, E	2
Du Puy, RS	1
Mooijaart, SP	1
Collet, TH	1
Poortvliet, RKE	1
Kearney, P	1
Quinn, TJ	1
Klöppel, S	1
Bauer, DC	1
Peeters, RP	1
Westendorp, R	1
Aujesky, D	1
Gussekloo, J	3
Rodondi, N	2
Pápai, A	1
Coșa, LE	1
Cozma, MM	1
Mihai, A	1
Dannan, R	1
Hajji, S	1
Aljenaee, K	1
Flach, E	1
Koenig, J	1
van der Venne, P	1
Parzer, P	1
Resch, F	1
Kaess, M	1
Hirtz, R	1
Libuda, L	1
Hinney, A	1
Föcker, M	1
Bühlmeier, J	1
Antel, J	1
Holterhus, PM	1
Kulle, A	1
Kiewert, C	1
Hebebrand, J	1
Grasemann, C	1
Głombik, K	1
Detka, J	1
Budziszewska, B	1
Watt, J	1
Krysiak, R	3
Szkróbka, W	2
Okopień, B	3
Qu, P	1
Yu, JX	1
Xia, L	1
Chen, GH	1
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Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Thyroid Hormone Replacement for Subclinical Hypothyroidism (TRUST) - Subanalysis on Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Depression[NCT01853579]	Phase 4	426 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Completed
Discontinuation of Levothyroxine Therapy for Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: a Pilot Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Study[NCT04288115]	Phase 4	52 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-03-24	Completed
Desiccated Thyroid Extract Compared to Levothyroxine in the Treatment of Hypothyroidism: A Randomized, Double-blind, Crossover Study.[NCT01739972]		180 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-05-31	Recruiting
Bio-psycho-social Correlates of Psychological Distress in Patients With Graves' Disease in Euthyroid Status[NCT02620085]		500 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2011-07-31	Recruiting
Neuroimaging Epigenetics of Prospective Postpartum Depression Biomarkers[NCT03638687]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2014-05-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Percentage of randomized participants who completed the trial. (NCT04288115)
Timeframe: 6 months

Participants' Willingness to Enter the Trial

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Randomized Participants	44

Percent of eligible participants approached who consented to participate during the recruitment phase. (NCT04288115)
Timeframe: The time from first consent signed to last consent signed. March 2021 to April 2022.

Recruitment Rate

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Percentage of Eligible Patients Willing to Participate.	52

The number of enrolled (consented) participants divided by the length of the recruitment period. (NCT04288115)
Timeframe: The time from first consent signed to last consent signed. March 2021 to April 2022. 13 months.

Euro Quality of Life 5-Dimension Self-Report Questionnaire (EQ-5D) Score at Week 6 and Month 6

Intervention	participants per month (Number)
Recruitment Rate	4

The EuroQoL [EQ] Group 5-Dimension Self-Report Questionnaire (EQ-5D) scores include the EQ-5D descriptive index, on a scale from -0.59 to 1.00. Higher scores indicate better quality of life. The EQ-5D scores include the score on the EQ visual-analogue scale (EQ-5D VAS), on a scale from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better quality of life. (NCT04288115)
Timeframe: 6 weeks and 6 months

Lipid Levels

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
	EQ-5D Descriptive Score 6 weeks	EQ-5D Descriptive Score 6 months	EQ-5D VAS 6 weeks	EQ-5D VAS 6 months
"Levothyroxine Group (Sham Discontinuation)"	0.759	0.742	78.0	68.4
"Placebo Group (Real Discontinuation)"	0.786	0.750	77.2	79.9

Differences in mean 6-month lipid levels after adjusting for gender and baseline lipid level. (NCT04288115)
Timeframe: 6 months

Thyroid-specific Quality of Life Patient-Reported Outcome (ThyPRO) - Hypothyroid Symptoms Score

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
	Total cholesterol 6 months	LDL 6 months	HDL 6 months	Triglycerides 6 months
"Levothyroxine Group (Sham Discontinuation)"	145.3	76.5	42.7	137.5
"Placebo Group (Real Discontinuation)"	177.4	100.2	51.5	139.7

The Hypothyroid Symptoms score from the Thyroid-Related Quality of Life Patient-Reported Outcome (ThyPRO) questionnaire is assessed on a scale from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more symptoms. (NCT04288115)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 weeks and 6 months

Thyroid-specific Quality of Life Patient-Reported Outcome (ThyPRO) - Tiredness Score

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline	6 weeks	6 months
"Levothyroxine Group (Sham Discontinuation)"	21.1	22.0	22.9
"Placebo Group (Real Discontinuation)"	27.1	25.3	28.3

The Tiredness score from the Thyroid-Related Quality of Life Patient-Reported Outcome (ThyPRO) questionnaire is assessed on a scale from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more tiredness. (NCT04288115)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 weeks and 6 months

Article	Year
Efficacy and safety of supraphysiologic doses of levothyroxine for patients with bipolar depression in adults: A systematic review. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2022, Volume: 36, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Depression; Humans; Thyroxine	2022
Hypothyroidism in Context: Where We've Been and Where We're Going. Advances in therapy, 2019, Volume: 36, Issue:Suppl 2 Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Depression; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine	2019
Subclinical hypothyroidism and depression: a meta-analysis. Translational psychiatry, 2018, 10-30, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Comorbidity; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Middle Aged; Thyr	2018
Thyroid function and the natural history of depression: findings from the Caerphilly Prospective Study (CaPS) and a meta-analysis. Clinical endocrinology, 2009, Volume: 70, Issue:3 Topics: Cohort Studies; Depression; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retro	2009
[Interactions between brain, psyche and thyroid]. Nuklearmedizin. Nuclear medicine, 2008, Volume: 47, Issue:6 Topics: Cognition; Depression; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Intellectual Disability; Libido; Panic Disorder; Ris	2008
[Subclinical functional disorders of the thyroid gland]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 2003, Jun-14, Volume: 147, Issue:24 Topics: Depression; Fatigue; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Risk Factors; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroi	2003
Functional neuroanatomy of thyroid hormone feedback in the human hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 2006, Jun-07, Volume: 251, Issue:1-2 Topics: Critical Illness; Depression; Feedback, Physiological; Humans; Hypothalamus; Iodide Peroxidase; Iodo	2006
Neuropsychiatric aspects of hypothyroidism and treatment reversibility. . Minerva endocrinologica, 2007, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Animals; Autoantibodies; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cognition Dis	2007
A therapeutic controversy. Thyroid hormone treatment: when and what? The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1995, Volume: 80, Issue:10 Topics: Depression; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Therapeutic Equivalency; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; Thyroxin	1995
[Non-thyroid indications of treatment with thyroid hormones]. La Revue de medecine interne, 1998, Volume: 19, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Cardiomyopathies; Cardiovascular System; Clinical Trials as To	1998
The thyroid axis and depression. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 1998, Volume: 8, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Depression; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Glan	1998

Article	Year
Effect of increased levothyroxine dose on depressive mood in older adults undergoing thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Clinical endocrinology, 2020, Volume: 93, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Depression; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine	2020
Effect of Levothyroxine on Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 2020, 07-21, Volume: 324, Issue:3 Topics: Depression; Double-Blind Method; Female; Health Status; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; N	2020
Effect of Levothyroxine Therapy on the Development of Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: An Ancillary Study of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA network open, 2021, 02-01, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asymptomatic Diseases; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hyp	2021
Sexual function and depressive symptoms in young women with hypothyroidism receiving levothyroxine/liothyronine combination therapy: a pilot study. Current medical research and opinion, 2018, Volume: 34, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Depression; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Medication Therapy Management; Middle Aged; Pilot	2018
Levothyroxine effects on depressive symptoms and limbic glucose metabolism in bipolar disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled positron emission tomography study. Molecular psychiatry, 2016, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Amygdala; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Brain Mapping; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gl	2016
Depressive symptoms in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism--the effect of treatment with levothyroxine: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Endocrine research, 2015, Volume: 40, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Psychiatr	2015
Quality of life in patients with primary hypothyroidism related to BMI. European journal of endocrinology, 2015, Volume: 173, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Autoantibodies; Autoantigens; Body Mass Index; Depression; Female; Hormone Replaceme	2015
A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of the effectiveness of thyroxine and triiodothyronine and short-term exposure to bright light in prevention of decrements in cognitive performance and mood during prolonged Antarctic residence. Clinical endocrinology, 2010, Volume: 72, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Affect; Anger; Antarctic Regions; Cognition; Depression; Female; Humans; Lighting; Male; Phot	2010
Effect of combination therapy with thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine versus T4 monotherapy in patients with hypothyroidism, a double-blind, randomised cross-over study. European journal of endocrinology, 2009, Volume: 161, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antithyroid Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Depression; Drug Therapy, Combinati	2009
A paradoxical difference in relationship between anxiety, depression and thyroid function in subjects on and not on T4: findings from the HUNT study. Clinical endocrinology, 2009, Volume: 71, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Affect; Aged; Anxiety; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Norway; Prevalence; Psy	2009
Changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis following successful treatment with low-frequency right prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-resistant depression. Psychiatry research, 2010, Jan-30, Volume: 175, Issue:1-2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Depression; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hy	2010
Does a combination regimen of thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine improve depressive symptoms better than T4 alone in patients with hypothyroidism? Results of a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2003, Volume: 88, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Affect; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypothyro	2003
Cerebral blood flow abnormalities induced by transient hypothyroidism after thyroidectomy--analysis by tc-99m-HMPAO and SPM96. Annals of nuclear medicine, 2004, Volume: 18, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Depression; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Femal	2004
Thyroid hormone alterations among women with posttraumatic stress disorder due to childhood sexual abuse. Biological psychiatry, 2005, May-15, Volume: 57, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Child; Child Abuse, Sexual; Depression; Female; Humans; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychiatric	2005
Impact of suppression of thyroxine on folate status during acute antidepressant therapy. Psychiatry research, 1998, Jun-15, Volume: 79, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Chi-Square Distribution; Depression;	1998
Effects of melatonin in perimenopausal and menopausal women: a randomized and placebo controlled study. Experimental gerontology, 2001, Volume: 36, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Affect; Circadian Rhythm; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormo	2001
Treatment of endogenous depression with oral thyrotropin-releasing hormone and amitriptyline. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1978, Volume: 58, Issue:5 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Amitriptyline; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression; Double-Blind	1978
Thyroid hormones and TSH, prolactin and LH responses to repeated TRH and LRH injections in depressed patients. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1979, Volume: 59, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hor	1979
[The psychotropic action of TRH]. L'Encephale, 1979, Volume: 5, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Men	1979
Treatment of endogenous depressions with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) under oral administration. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1977, Volume: 55, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Imipram	1977
Pituitary response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in depression. Archives of general psychiatry, 1976, Volume: 33, Issue:11 Topics: Administration, Oral; Depression; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Pituitary Gland; Pl	1976
Thyroid function and the response to liothyronine in depression. Archives of general psychiatry, 1972, Volume: 26, Issue:3 Topics: Ankle; Cholesterol; Clinical Trials as Topic; Depression; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Human	1972

Article	Year
Associations between pituitary-thyroid hormones and depressive symptoms in individuals with anorexia nervosa before and after weight-recovery. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2022, Volume: 137 Topics: Anorexia Nervosa; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Thinnes	2022
The Association Between Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Depression: A Historical Cohort Study. Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2023, Volume: 98, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; H	2023
Impaired breathing, sleeping, vitality, and depression, and negative impact of L-T4 treatment characterize health-related quality of life in older people with stable CVD. Aging clinical and experimental research, 2020, Volume: 32, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Quality of Life;	2020
The effect of iatrogenic subclinical hyperthyroidism on anxiety, depression and quality of life in differentiated thyroid carcinoma Turkish journal of medical sciences, 2020, 06-23, Volume: 50, Issue:4 Topics: Anxiety; Depression; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Iatrogenic Disease; Male; Middle Aged; Quality	2020
Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and incident depression: Results from the ELSA-Brasil study. Clinical endocrinology, 2021, Volume: 94, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Depression; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Thyroid Function Tests;	2021
The role of coping strategies, depression and anxiety in thyroid disease Orvosi hetilap, 2021, 02-14, Volume: 162, Issue:7 Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Antithyroid Agents; Anxiety; Depression; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothy	2021
Severe primary hypothyroidism in an apparently asymptomatic 19-year-old woman: a case report. Journal of medical case reports, 2021, Mar-03, Volume: 15, Issue:1 Topics: Alopecia; Appetite; Autoantibodies; Constipation; Depression; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidis	2021
Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis function in female adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury and its association with comorbid borderline personality disorder and depression. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2021, 12-20, Volume: 111 Topics: Adolescent; Borderline Personality Disorder; Comorbidity; Depression; Female; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hy	2021
Lack of Evidence for a Relationship Between the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal and the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Adolescent Depression. Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021, Volume: 12 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypothala	2021
Venlafaxine and L-Thyroxine Treatment Combination: Impact on Metabolic and Synaptic Plasticity Changes in an Animal Model of Coexisting Depression and Hypothyroidism. Cells, 2021, 06-05, Volume: 10, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Hypoth	2021
In older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism, levothyroxine therapy did not reduce depressive symptoms at 12 mo. Annals of internal medicine, 2021, Volume: 174, Issue:7 Topics: Aged; Depression; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Thyroxine	2021
The effect of l-thyroxine treatment on sexual function and depressive symptoms in men with autoimmune hypothyroidism. Pharmacological reports : PR, 2017, Volume: 69, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Erectile Dysfunction; Hashimoto Disease; Humans; Male; Psyc	2017
Cognitive Performance and the Alteration of Neuroendocrine Hormones in Chronic Tension-Type Headache. Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain, 2018, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Cognition; Cognitive Dysf	2018
Low serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels are associated with lipid profile in depressive patients with long symptom duration. Journal of affective disorders, 2017, 08-01, Volume: 217 Topics: Adult; Aged; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Humans	2017
TSH cut off point based on depression in hypothyroid patients. BMC psychiatry, 2017, 09-07, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Health Status; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Mid	2017
Sexual function and depressive symptoms in young men with hypothyroidism receiving levothyroxine/liothyronine combination therapy. Endokrynologia Polska, 2018, Volume: 69, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Depression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Hypothyroidism; M	2018
An Online Survey of Hypothyroid Patients Demonstrates Prominent Dissatisfaction. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2018, Volume: 28, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Affect; Aged; Cognition; Depression; Emotions; Fatigue; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes,	2018
Association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and depressive symptoms in the Korean adult population: The 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PloS one, 2018, Volume: 13, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; H	2018
Heterogeneity of Thyroid Function and Impact of Peripheral Thyroxine Deiodination in Centenarians and Semi-Supercentenarians: Association With Functional Status and Mortality. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2019, 05-16, Volume: 74, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Blood Proteins; Cholesterol, HDL; Cognition; Depression; Disability	2019
Use of liothyronine (L-T3) as an augmentation therapy for depression during pregnancy. BMJ case reports, 2018, Dec-07, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Depression; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Selec	2018
The role of maternal prenatal thyroid function on offspring depression: Findings from the ALSPAC cohort. Development and psychopathology, 2020, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety; Child; Cohort Studies; Depression; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies;	2020
Hormonal and psychological factors in nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Psychological medicine, 2020, Volume: 50, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Depression; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Logistic Models; Multivariate Analysis; Nausea;	2020
Depressive Symptoms After PCB Exposure: Hypotheses for Underlying Pathomechanisms via the Thyroid and Dopamine System. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019, 03-16, Volume: 16, Issue:6 Topics: Depression; Dopamine; Environmental Pollutants; Female; Humans; Male; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Thy	2019
Thyroid hormones treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2019, May-14, Volume: 365 Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Decision Making; Decision Support Techniques; Depression; Fatigue; Fem	2019
Age-dependent evaluation of long-term depression responses in hyperthyroid rats: Possible roles of oxidative intracellular redox status. Brain research, 2019, Oct-01, Volume: 1720 Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Antioxidants; Catalase; Dentate Gyrus; Depression; Free Radicals; Glutathione;	2019
Low mood and response to Levothyroxine treatment in Indian patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Asian journal of psychiatry, 2014, Volume: 8 Topics: Adult; Affect; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Depression; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; India; Male; Mid	2014
[Relationship between depression and thyroid hormone levels in patients with Graves disease]. Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition, 2014, Volume: 45, Issue:3 Topics: Depression; Graves Disease; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating; Radiopharmaceuticals; Risk	2014
Well-being and depression in individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity - a general population study. Nordic journal of psychiatry, 2015, Volume: 69, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Autoantibodies; Autoimmunity; Biomarkers; Denmark; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Female; H	2015
The effect of long-term thyroid-stimulating hormone suppressive therapy on the cognitive function of elderly patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2014, Volume: 99, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Aging; Case-Control Studies; Cell Differentiation; Cognition Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studie	2014
The HAPPY study (Holistic Approach to Pregnancy and the first Postpartum Year): design of a large prospective cohort study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2014, Sep-08, Volume: 14 Topics: Anhedonia; Autoantibodies; Breast Feeding; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Delivery,	2014
Adult-onset idiopathic isolated central hypothyroidism: a case report and literature review. Endocrinologia y nutricion : organo de la Sociedad Espanola de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, 2015, Volume: 62, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Depression; Female;	2015
Experimentally induced thyrotoxicosis leads to increased connectivity in temporal lobe structures: a resting state fMRI study. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2015, Volume: 56 Topics: Adult; Attention; Cognition; Depression; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Limbic System;	2015
Depressive symptoms, thyroid hormone and autoimmunity in a population-based cohort from Sardinia. Journal of affective disorders, 2016, Volume: 191 Topics: Adult; Autoantibodies; Autoantigens; Autoimmunity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Huma	2016
Different adaptations of Chinese winter-over expeditioners during prolonged Antarctic and sub-Antarctic residence. International journal of biometeorology, 2016, Volume: 60, Issue:5 Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Affect; Anger; Antarctic Regions; Asian People; Depression; Dopami	2016
Risk of Depression, Chronic Morbidities, and l-Thyroxine Treatment in Hashimoto Thyroiditis in Taiwan: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Medicine, 2016, Volume: 95, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Cohort Studies; Depression; Female; Hashimoto Disease; Humans; Incidence; Ma	2016
Transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity and problem behavior in young adulthood. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2016, Volume: 72 Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Depression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Male; Pr	2016
The Effect of Congenital and Postnatal Hypothyroidism on Depression-Like Behaviors in Juvenile Rats. Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology, 2016, 12-01, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Depression;	2016
Differences in Brain Glucose Metabolism During Preparation for Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2017, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Affect; Anxiety; Brain; Cognition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Fluorodeoxygl	2017
Depression, sexuality and fibromyalgia syndrome: clinical findings and correlation to hematological parameters. Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, 2016, Volume: 74, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Depression; Female; Fibromyalgia; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Humans; M	2016
[A 78-year-old woman suffering from diarrhea, abnormal fatigue, and depression]. Der Internist, 2009, Volume: 50, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Depression; Diagnosis, Differential; Diarrhea; Fatigue; Female; Huma	2009
TRH-receptor-type-2-deficient mice are euthyroid and exhibit increased depression and reduced anxiety phenotypes. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2009, Volume: 34, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Blood Glucose; Depression; Diet; Dietary Fats; Female; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout;	2009
Mania as a presentation of primary hypothyroidism. Singapore medical journal, 2009, Volume: 50, Issue:2 Topics: Antimanic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Depression; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Middle Aged; Psychot	2009
Treated hypothyroidism, cognitive function, and depressed mood in old age: the Rancho Bernardo Study. European journal of endocrinology, 2009, Volume: 161, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Depression; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged;	2009
Do thyroid hormones mediate the effects of starvation on mood in adolescent girls with eating disorders? Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2010, Volume: 35, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Affect; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Depression; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female;	2010
Prevalence of depression in patients affected by subclinical hypothyroidism. Panminerva medica, 2010, Volume: 52, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asymptomatic Diseases; Autoantibodies; Biomarkers; Chi-Square Distri	2010
[Paroxetine, hypothyroidism and, despite everything, inadequate antidiuretic hormone secretion]. Endocrinologia y nutricion : organo de la Sociedad Espanola de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, 2011, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Depression; Female; Humans; Hyponatremia; Hypothyroidism; Inappropriate ADH Syndr	2011
Biomarkers in geriatric psychiatry: the promise and the reality. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2011, Volume: 19, Issue:9 Topics: Depression; Humans; Male; Thyroid Diseases; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine	2011
Thyroid hormones and depression: the Health in Men study. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2011, Volume: 19, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Geriatric	2011
Cognitive functions and mood during chronic thyrotropin-suppressive therapy with L-thyroxine in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2012, Volume: 35, Issue:8 Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Cell Differentiation; Cognition Disorders; Depression; Female; Humans; Hypert	2012
Thyroid hormones and cognitive functioning in healthy, euthyroid women: a correlational study. Hormones and behavior, 2012, Volume: 61, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Affect; Aged; Arousal; Attention; Cognition; Depression; Executive Function; Female; Humans;	2012
Association between thyroid function, thyroid autoimmunity, and state and trait factors of depression. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2012, Volume: 126, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anxiety Disorders; Autoantibodies; Autoimmunity; Biomarkers; Cross-S	2012
Hypothyroidism and cognition: preliminary evidence for a specific defect in memory. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2001, Volume: 11, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Cognition; Depression; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Memory Disor	2001
Thyroxine depression of mouse thyroid iodide trap activity. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 1954, Volume: 87, Issue:3 Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder; Iodides; Thyroid Gland; Thyroxine; Viscera	1954
Thyroxine displacement from serum proteins and depression of serum protein-bound iodine by certain drugs. The Journal of clinical investigation, 1961, Volume: 40 Topics: Blood Proteins; Depression; Humans; Iodine; Thyroxine	1961
Depression of the serum cholesterol level in myxedematous patients by an oral dosage of sodium dextro-thyroxine which has no effct on the basal metabolic rate or electrocardiogram. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1960, Volume: 20 Topics: Basal Metabolism; Cholesterol; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Electrocardiography; Humans; Myxedem	1960
Relationship of stressful life events, anxiety and depression to hyperthyroidism in an asian population. Hormone research, 2003, Volume: 60, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Life Change Event	2003
Thyroid status, disability and cognitive function, and survival in old age. JAMA, 2004, Dec-01, Volume: 292, Issue:21 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cognition Disorders; Depression; Disabled Perso	2004
Health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression in thyroid cancer patients under short-term hypothyroidism and TSH-suppressive levothyroxine treatment. European journal of endocrinology, 2005, Volume: 153, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Affect; Aged; Anxiety Disorders; Carcinoma, Papillary; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; F	2005
Acquired hypothyroidism after switching from thyroid USP to levothyroxine. Clinical cornerstone, 2005, Volume: 7 Suppl 2 Topics: Depression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatigue; Female; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Hypothy	2005
[Thyroid function, activities of daily living and survival in extreme old age: the 'Leiden 85-plus Study']. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 2006, Jan-14, Volume: 150, Issue:2 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged, 80 and over; Cognition Disorders; Depression; Disabled Persons; Fe	2006
Association of elevated free T4 levels with depressive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders. Schizophrenia research, 2006, Volume: 87, Issue:1-3 Topics: Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Psychotic Disorders; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questi	2006
Free T4 index and clinical outcome in patients with depression. Journal of affective disorders, 2007, Volume: 100, Issue:1-3 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Sex Factors; Thyroid Function Tests;	2007
Free thyroxine, cognitive decline and depression in Alzheimer's disease. Neuro endocrinology letters, 2006, Volume: 27, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Cognition Disorders; Depression; Female; Humans; Hypothy	2006
Antenatal thyroid correlates of postpartum depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2007, Volume: 32, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Depression, Postpartum; Depressive Disorder; Fe	2007
Icariin from Epimedium brevicornum attenuates chronic mild stress-induced behavioral and neuroendocrinological alterations in male Wistar rats. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2007, Volume: 87, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Brain Chemistry; Chronic Diseas	2007
Thyroid deficiency and mental health. The Harvard mental health letter, 2007, Volume: 23, Issue:11 Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Phobic Disorde	2007
Psychiatric manifestations of thyroid disease. Southern medical journal, 2007, Volume: 100, Issue:8 Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Confusion; Delusions; Dementia; Depression; Hallucinations; Humans; Hyperthyroidi	2007
Associations of thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine concentrations with health and life satisfaction in elderly adults. Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 2007, Volume: 13, Issue:5 Topics: Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chemistry, Clinical; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dementia; D	2007
[Hypothyroidism. Main symptoms: fatigue, weight gain, depression, myalgia, edema]. Praxis, 2007, Sep-19, Volume: 96, Issue:38 Topics: Adult; Depression; Diagnosis, Differential; Edema; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Muscular	2007
Thyrotropin serum concentrations in healthy volunteers are associated with depression-related personality traits. Neuropsychobiology, 2007, Volume: 56, Issue:2-3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Personality; Personality Inv	2007
Increase in depression symptoms with weight loss: association with glucose homeostasis and thyroid function. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme, 2008, Volume: 33, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Depression; Diet, Reducing; Glucose Tolerance Test; Homeostasis; Humans; Male;	2008
Amine metabolism, thyroid function and response to clomipramine and maprotiline medication in depression. Postgraduate medical journal, 1980, Volume: 56 Suppl 1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anthracenes; Clomipramine; Depression; Female; Humans; Hydroxyindoleacetic	1980
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH): a useful tool for psychoneuroendocrine investigation. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 1980, Volume: 5, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Depression; Endocrine Glands; Female; Growth Hormone; Humans; Male; Middle Aged;	1980
Altered serum levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronines and diiodothyronines in endogenous depression. Acta endocrinologica, 1981, Volume: 96, Issue:2 Topics: Depression; Diiodothyronines; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Thyroid Hormones; Thy	1981
[Diagnostic problems of hyperthyroidism in the older age group (author's transl)]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1981, Jul-31, Volume: 106, Issue:31-32 Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Body Weight; Depression; Dyspnea; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Male; Middle A	1981
[Hypothyroidism]. MMW, Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift, 1982, Nov-26, Volume: 124, Issue:47 Topics: Adult; Depression; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Middle Aged; Thyroxine	1982
Hypothyroidism--classic symptoms plus the unexpected. Geriatrics, 1982, Volume: 37, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Depression; Humans; Hypertension; Hypothyroidism; Male; Thyroxine	1982
Psychiatric presentations of hypothyroidism. American family physician, 1981, Volume: 23, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Depression; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Lithium; Middle Aged; Myx	1981
Serum 3'-monoiodothyronine levels in normal subjects and in patients with thyroid and non-thyroid disease. Acta endocrinologica, 1981, Volume: 97, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Depression; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; M	1981
Do cortisol and thyroxin correlate with nervousness and depression among male army veterans? Biological psychology, 1994, Volume: 37, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Arousal; Depression; Fatigue; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Middle Aged; Sleep Initi	1994
Thyroxine dosage. Australian family physician, 1993, Volume: 22, Issue:9 Topics: Depression; Female; Humans; Puerperal Disorders; Thyroxine	1993
[Depression sometimes the most important manifestation of hypothyroidism]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 1993, Oct-02, Volume: 137, Issue:40 Topics: Aged; Depression; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Thyrot	1993
Growth hormone treatment, brain neurotransmitters and thyroxine. Clinical endocrinology, 1996, Volume: 44, Issue:3 Topics: Depression; Growth Hormone; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Quality of Life; Thyroxine	1996
Experiences of fatigue and depression before and after low-dose 1-thyroxine supplementation in essentially euthyroid individuals. Research in nursing & health, 1997, Volume: 20, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Confusion; Depression; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Nursing Me	1997
Psychopathological and cognitive features in subclinical hypothyroidism. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 1997, Volume: 21, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anxiety; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; Cognition Disorders; Depression; Female; Goite	1997
Different effects of pyridostigmine on the thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in endogenous depression and subclinical thyrotoxicosis. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1998, Volume: 47, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Depression; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Pyridostigmine	1998
Are autoimmune thyroid dysfunction and depression related? The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1998, Volume: 83, Issue:9 Topics: Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Cohort Studies; Depression; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hy	1998
Depressive symptoms in hypothyroid disorder with some observations on biochemical correlates. Neuropsychobiology, 2001, Volume: 43, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Depression; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; S	2001
Menstrual cycle irregularity in bulimia nervosa. Associated factors and changes with treatment. Journal of psychosomatic research, 2000, Volume: 49, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Weight; Bulimia; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Depression; Female; Follow-Up	2000
Circannual pattern of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) function and mood during extended antarctic residence. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2001, Volume: 26, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Affect; Anger; Antarctic Regions; Confusion; Depression; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Hypothalamu	2001
Paradoxical hormonal and behavioral responses to hypothyroid and hyperthyroid states in the Wistar-Kyoto rat. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2001, Volume: 24, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Hormones; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothalamo	2001
[Psychiatric and cognitive aspects of hypothyroidism]. Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke, 2001, Aug-30, Volume: 121, Issue:20 Topics: Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Cognition Disorders; Depression; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Men	2001
Clinical and experimental studies on the pathogenesis of depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 1977, Volume: 2, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Animals; Brain; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Hypot	1977
Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test in manic-depressive illness. Archives of general psychiatry, 1978, Volume: 35, Issue:8 Topics: Adjustment Disorders; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Biperiden; Bipolar Disorder; Depression; Female; Hal	1978
Effect of increased iodide intake on thyroid function in subjects on chronic lithium therapy. Acta endocrinologica, 1977, Volume: 84, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Depression; Female; Humans; Iodides; Lithium; Male; Middle Aged; Potassium Iodide; Thyr	1977
The effect of depression and its treatment on serum thyroxine. Postgraduate medical journal, 1977, Volume: 53 Suppl 4 Topics: Clomipramine; Depression; Dibenzazepines; Humans; Maprotiline; Thyroxine	1977
Free-thyroxine index in psychotic and neurotic depression. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1978, Volume: 58, Issue:1 Topics: Adjustment Disorders; Adult; Aged; Depression; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Psychotic Disorders; Thy	1978
Prognostic value of thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test in endogenous depression. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1975, Volume: 52, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Depression; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis;	1975
[Progressive exhaustion of the psychotropic effect of T.R.H. Clinical and neuroendocrinologic study]. Annales medico-psychologiques, 1976, Volume: 2, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Depression; Humans; Male; Thyrotropin; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; Thyroxine; Triiodothyro	1976
Thyroid function in depression and alcohol abuse: a retrospective study. Archives of general psychiatry, 1977, Volume: 34, Issue:8 Topics: Adjustment Disorders; Adolescent; Adult; Affective Disorders, Psychotic; Alcoholism; Antidepressive	1977
Letter: Phentermine addiction and thyroxine abuse associated with hypothyroidism. The American journal of psychiatry, 1975, Volume: 132, Issue:5 Topics: Depression; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Middle Aged; Phentermine; Substance-Related Disorders; T	1975
The possible etiological role of psychological disturbances in Graves' disease. Acta medica Austriaca, 1992, Volume: 19 Suppl 1 Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Autoantibodies; CD4-CD8 Ratio; Depression; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Leukocyte	1992
Effects of TRH and prolactin in the behavioral despair (swim) model of depression in rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 1990, Volume: 15, Issue:5-6 Topics: Aging; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Desipramine; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections,	1990
The decreased availability of L-tryptophan in depressed females: clinical and biological correlates. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 1990, Volume: 14, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Amino Acids; Analysis of Variance; Depression; Depressive Disord	1990
[Studies on the factors affecting serum thyrotropin levels in healthy controls and on the thyroid function in depressed patients using a highly sensitive immunoassay]. Nihon Naibunpi Gakkai zasshi, 1990, Oct-20, Volume: 66, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Aged; Circadian Rhythm; Depression; Female; Fluoroimmunoassay; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ref	1990
Serum thyrotropin in hospitalized psychiatric patients: evidence for hyperthyrotropinemia as measured by an ultrasensitive thyrotropin assay. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1990, Volume: 39, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bipolar Disorder; Dementia; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Mental	1990
Depression in primary hypothyroidism masquerading as inadequate or excessive L-thyroxine consumption. The Quarterly journal of medicine, 1989, Volume: 72, Issue:269 Topics: Adult; Depression; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Thyroxine	1989
[Secretion of cortisol and thyroxine in depression and stress]. Taehan kanho. The Korean nurse, 1988, Feb-29, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Depression; Dexamethasone; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Stress, Psychological; Thyroxine	1988
Clinical chemistry of monoamine oxidase. Cell biochemistry and function, 1986, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Blood Platelets; Brain; Clorgyline; Depressio	1986
[Hormonal profile of depressed patients]. Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia : 1952), 1987, Volume: 87, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Bipolar Disorder; Depression; Female; Growth Hormone; Hormones; Humans; Hydrocortisone;	1987
Novel behaviors in an extreme environment. The American journal of psychiatry, 1974, Volume: 131, Issue:6 Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Alcohol Drinking; Antarctic Regions; Behavior; Consciousness; Depression;	1974
Letter: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and depression. Lancet (London, England), 1974, Sep-21, Volume: 2, Issue:7882 Topics: Adult; Aged; Depression; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Thyroid Functio	1974
[Possibilities in the use of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)]. Medizinische Klinik, 1973, Sep-07, Volume: 68, Issue:36 Topics: Depression; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Radionuclide Imaging; Thyrotropin; Thyrotropi	1973
Thyrotropin responses to TRH in depressive illness: relation to clinical subtypes and prolonged duration of depressive episode. Folia psychiatrica et neurologica japonica, 1974, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Adjustment Disorders; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bipolar Disorder; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Ma	1974
Blood levels and management of lithium treatment. British medical journal, 1974, Sep-14, Volume: 3, Issue:5932 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Carbimazole; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dementia; Depression; D	1974
Thyroxine "addicts". British medical journal, 1973, Apr-07, Volume: 2, Issue:5857 Topics: Adult; Depression; Diet, Reducing; Female; Goiter; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Middle Aged; Psychotic D	1973
A psychiatric study of hypothyroidism. Psychiatria clinica, 1972, Volume: 5, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Affective Symptoms; Aged; Anxiety Disorders; Cognition Disorders; Delusions; Depression; Fema	1972
An interdisciplinary study of adolescent obesity. The Journal of pediatrics, 1972, Volume: 80, Issue:3 Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; Adolescent; Adult; Body Height; Body Image; Bone Development; Depression;	1972
Treatment of depression. (A) Thyroid hormone as an antidepressant. The Journal of the Egyptian Medical Association, 1972, Volume: 55, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Thyroxine	1972
Medical and social problems of two elderly women. British medical journal, 1972, Oct-28, Volume: 4, Issue:5834 Topics: Aged; Cervical Vertebrae; Dementia; Depression; Female; Gastrectomy; Home Care Services; Humans; Hyp	1972
Affective disturbance in hypothyroidism. The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 1971, Volume: 119, Issue:550 Topics: Affective Symptoms; Anxiety; Depression; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Thyroxine	1971

thyroxine and Depression