Compounds > nomegestrol acetate
Page last updated: 2024-11-06

nomegestrol acetate

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Description

Nomegestrol acetate is a synthetic progestin, a type of steroid hormone that mimics the effects of progesterone. It was first synthesized in the 1960s and is primarily used for its anti-proliferative properties. It is a potent inhibitor of the growth of uterine tissue and is used in the treatment of endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and breast cancer. Nomegestrol acetate is also used in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to manage symptoms of menopause. It is available in oral, injectable, and topical formulations. Due to its potent anti-proliferative effects, nomegestrol acetate has been studied extensively for its potential therapeutic uses in a range of conditions, including endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, and ovarian cancer. Its efficacy in these areas is still under investigation.'

nomegestrol acetate: do not confuse with Solastic [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID91668
CHEMBL ID1476022
CHEBI ID135564
SCHEMBL ID37517
MeSH IDM0115853

Synonyms (64)

Synonym
AC-1119
nomegestrol 17-acetate
smr001233420
MLS002154113 ,
BRD-K27351809-001-02-0
org-10486-0
uniplant
tx-066
lutenyl
nomegestrol acetate
einecs 261-379-8
17-alpha-acetoxy-6-methyl-19-nor-4,6-pregnadiene-3,20-dione
19-norpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione, 17-alpha-hydroxy-6-methyl-, acetate
19-norpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione, 17-(acetyloxy)-6-methyl-
tx 066
17-alpha-hydroxy-6-methyl-19-norpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione acetate
BSPBIO_001245
NCGC00179247-01
BPBIO1_001370
PRESTWICK3_001033
AB00514012
CHEBI:135564
58652-20-3
D08281
nomegestrol acetate (usan)
lutenyl (tn)
[(8s,9s,10r,13s,14s,17r)-17-acetyl-6,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] acetate
HMS2098O07
HMS2230M23
org 10486-0
nomac
83j78v5w05 ,
unii-83j78v5w05
nomegestrol acetate [usan]
CHEMBL1476022
nomegestrol acetate [ep monograph]
17-acetoxy-6-methyl-19-norpregn-4,6-dien-3,20-dione
6-methyl-3,20-dioxo-19-norpregna-4,6-dien-17-yl acetate
nomegestrol acetate [mart.]
nomegestrol acetate [who-dd]
AKOS015896563
CCG-221033
SCHEMBL37517
(17alpha)-17-acetyl-6-methyl-3-oxoestra-4,6-dien-17-yl acetate
W-105372
DTXSID90207349
sr-01000841206
SR-01000841206-2
nomegestrol acetate, >=98% (hplc)
nomegestrol acetate, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
HMS3715O07
(8s,9s,13s,14s,17r)-17-acetyl-6,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,3,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl acetate
nomegestrone acetate
17-alpha-hydroxy-6-methyl-19-norpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dioneacetate
BCP08358
HY-105634A
DB13981
Q7048519
nomegestrol-acetate
NCGC00179247-04
CS-0101964
MS-25962
EN300-19769276
(1r,3as,3bs,9ar,9bs,11as)-1-acetyl-5,11a-dimethyl-7-oxo-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,7h,8h,9h,9ah,9bh,10h,11h,11ah-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl acetate

Research Excerpts

Overview

Nomegestrol acetate (NOMAc) is a synthetic progesterone analog and classified as a fourth-generation progestin. It is structurally similar to 19-norprogesterone and characterized as a full agonist at the progester one receptor with no or minimal binding to other steroid receptors.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Nomegestrol acetate (NMGA) is a progestogen increasingly used in contraceptive formulations."( Inhibition of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) activity by the contraceptive nomegestrol acetate in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells.
Arana, MR; Domínguez, CJ; Mottino, AD; Rigalli, JP; Ruiz, ML; Tocchetti, GN; Villanueva, SSM; Weiss, J; Zecchinati, F, 2018)		1.42
"Nomegestrol acetate (NOMAc) is a synthetic progesterone analog and classified as a fourth-generation progestin. "( Isolation, synthesis, and cytotoxicity evaluation of two impurities in nomegestrol acetate.
Huang, YS; Song, SY; Sun, YT; Xie, BC; Xie, XY; Xu, DH; Zhang, XY, 2019)		2.19
"Nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC) is a widely used progestin-like drug that could be suggested as an alternative for patients taking CPA."( Combined hormonal influence of cyproterone acetate and nomegestrol acetate on meningioma: a case report.
Champagne, PO; Froelich, S; Passeri, T, 2019)		1.48
"Nomegestrol acetate is a potent, orally active progestogen with a favourable tolerability profile and neutral metabolic characteristics."( Nomegestrol acetate: pharmacology, safety profile and therapeutic efficacy.
Lello, S, 2010)		2.52
"Nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC) is a potent, highly selective progestogen, which is structurally similar to 19-norprogesterone and characterized as a full agonist at the progesterone receptor, with no or minimal binding to other steroid receptors, including the androgen and glucocorticoid receptors. "( Nomegestrol acetate, a novel progestogen for oral contraception.
Mueck, AO; Sitruk-Ware, R, 2011)		3.25
"Nomegestrol acetate/estradiol is a combined oral contraceptive with approval in many countries. "( Nomegestrol acetate/estradiol: in oral contraception.
Plosker, GL; Yang, LP, 2012)		3.26
"Nomegestrol acetate is a strong anti-sulfatase agent, in particular with cancerous breast tissues."( Control of sulfatase activity by nomegestrol acetate in normal and cancerous human breast tissues.
Chetrite, GS; Cortes-Prieto, J; Pasqualini, JR; Philippe, JC; Shields-Botella, J; Thomas, JL, )		1.13
"Nomegestrol acetate implant is a second-generation single silastic implant containing 55 mg nomegestrol acetate with contraceptive effectiveness of 1-year duration."( Contraceptive implants.
Coutinho, EM; Ladipo, O, 1994)		1.01
"Nomegestrol acetate is an innovative and efficient molecule in the treatment of menstrual disorders. "( [Use of nomegestrol acetate in the treatment of menstruation disorders. Our experience in 56 cases].
Lombardi, PA; Lombardi, PL; Persiani, P; Radici, E, 1997)		2.17
"Nomegestrol acetate appears to be a safe and appropriate contraceptive for women with sickle cell disease, showing evidence of being a "stimulant" for F-cell reactivation, independent of F hemoglobin total production increase."( Nomegestrol acetate contraceptive implant use by women with sickle cell disease.
Coutinho, EM; Ladipo, OA; Nascimento, Mde L, 1998)		3.19
"Nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC) is an orally active progestin widely prescribed for HRT."( Nomegestrol acetate and vascular reactivity: nonhuman primate experiments.
Delansorne, R; Hermsmeyer, KR; Paris, JM; Williams, KJ, )		2.3
"Nomegestrol acetate is a potent progestogen and further studies are required to determine its lowest effective dose."( The effects of the addition of nomegestrol acetate to post-menopausal oestrogen therapy.
Fraser, DI; Padwick, ML; Pryse-Davies, J; Ryder, TA; White, J; Whitehead, MI, 1989)		1.28

Effects

Nomegestrol acetate has been used successfully for the treatment of some gynaecological disorders (menstrual disturbances, dysmenorrhoea) and as a component of HRT in combination with estradiol for the relief of menopausal symptoms. It has proven its neutral effects on lipid metabolism and does not alter the beneficial estrogen-induced lipid effects. Nomegestroacetate has a stimulatory effect on sulfotransferase activity.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Nomegestrol acetate has a stimulatory effect on sulfotransferase activity: at low doses (5 x 10(-8) and 5 x 10(-7) mol/l) this compound strongly increases the activity of this enzyme by 60.6% and 83%, respectively, in the MCF-7 cells and by 69.2% at 5 x 10(-7) mol/l in T-47D cells."( Effect of nomegestrol acetate on human estrogen sulfotransferase activity in the hormone-dependent MCF-7 and T-47D breast cancer cell lines.
Chetrite, GS; Paris, J; Pasqualini, JR; Philippe, JC; Shields-Botella, J, )		1.26
"Nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC) has been successfully used for the treatment of some gynecological disorders, and as a combined oral contraceptive with approval in many countries. "( Nomegestrol Acetate Suppresses Human Endometrial Cancer RL95-2 Cells Proliferation In Vitro and In Vivo Possibly Related to Upregulating Expression of SUFU and Wnt7a.
Ma, AY; Xie, SW; Zhou, JY; Zhu, Y, 2017)		3.34
"Nomegestrol acetate has been used successfully for the treatment of some gynaecological disorders (menstrual disturbances, dysmenorrhoea, premenstrual syndrome) and as a component of HRT in combination with estradiol for the relief of menopausal symptoms; it has been approved in Europe as monotherapy for the treatment of the menopausal syndrome, uterine diseases and menorrhagia, and in combination with an estrogen for the treatment of menopausal symptoms."( Nomegestrol acetate: pharmacology, safety profile and therapeutic efficacy.
Lello, S, 2010)		2.52
"Nomegestrol acetate has proven its neutral effects on lipid metabolism and does not alter the beneficial estrogen-induced lipid effects."( [Effects of a 19-norprogesterone derivative, the fourth decade nomegestrol acetate, on lipids].
Colau, JC; Jamin, C; Pélissier, C, 2003)		1.28
"Nomegestrol acetate has a stimulatory effect on sulfotransferase activity: at low doses (5 x 10(-8) and 5 x 10(-7) mol/l) this compound strongly increases the activity of this enzyme by 60.6% and 83%, respectively, in the MCF-7 cells and by 69.2% at 5 x 10(-7) mol/l in T-47D cells."( Effect of nomegestrol acetate on human estrogen sulfotransferase activity in the hormone-dependent MCF-7 and T-47D breast cancer cell lines.
Chetrite, GS; Paris, J; Pasqualini, JR; Philippe, JC; Shields-Botella, J, )		1.26

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In the investigational group, the most frequently reported adverse events were acne (16."( Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a monophasic oral contraceptive containing nomegestrol acetate and 17β-estradiol: a randomized controlled trial.
Bahamondes, L; Darney, P; Kaunitz, AM; Korver, T; Sommer, W; Verhoeven, C; Westhoff, C, 2012)		0.61

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"5 mg) was administered daily to healthy women (18-50 years, n=23) for 24 days; blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were obtained on Day 24 and again, after a 10-day pill-free interval, on Day 35 after a single dose."( Pharmacokinetic profile of nomegestrol acetate and 17β-estradiol after multiple and single dosing in healthy women.
Gerrits, MG; Peeters, PA; Post, TM; Schnabel, PG, 2013)		0.69
"5 h (t(max)); the mean±SD elimination half-life (t(½)) was 45."( Pharmacokinetic profile of nomegestrol acetate and 17β-estradiol after multiple and single dosing in healthy women.
Gerrits, MG; Peeters, PA; Post, TM; Schnabel, PG, 2013)		0.69
"These data demonstrate that NOMAC/E2 has a pharmacokinetic profile consistent with once-daily dosing."( Pharmacokinetic profile of nomegestrol acetate and 17β-estradiol after multiple and single dosing in healthy women.
Gerrits, MG; Peeters, PA; Post, TM; Schnabel, PG, 2013)		0.69
" An independent whole-body physiology-based pharmacokinetic (WB-PBPK) simulation model of NOMAC based on an independent Phase 3 dataset was used to scale NOMAC concentration-time plots to adolescents."( Prediction of nomegestrol acetate pharmacokinetics in healthy female adolescents and adults by whole-body physiology-based pharmacokinetic modelling and clinical validation.
de Greef, R; Gerrits, M; Kerbusch, T; Post, TM, 2016)		0.79
" No statistically significant differences were observed between the adolescent and adult groups for the clinically evaluated NOMAC PK parameters [maximum concentration (Cmax), area under the curve (AUC) and half-life (t1/2)]."( Prediction of nomegestrol acetate pharmacokinetics in healthy female adolescents and adults by whole-body physiology-based pharmacokinetic modelling and clinical validation.
de Greef, R; Gerrits, M; Kerbusch, T; Post, TM, 2016)		0.79

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"We have previously shown that medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), either alone or combined with conjugated equine estrogens (CEE), significantly decreased insulin sensitivity (SI), compared with both untreated controls and those treated with CEE alone."( Insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular risk factors in ovariectomized monkeys with estradiol alone or combined with nomegestrol acetate.
Cefalu, WT; Greaves, KA; Thomas, MJ; Wagner, JD; Williams, JK; Zhang, L, 1998)		0.51

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The biological actions of progestins are primarily determined by their interactions with steroid receptors, and factors such as metabolism, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and the regulation of endogenous steroid hormone biosynthesis are often overlooked."( Fourth-Generation Progestins Inhibit 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 and Modulate the Biosynthesis of Endogenous Steroids.
Africander, D; Louw-du Toit, R; Perkins, MS; Snoep, JL; Storbeck, KH, 2016)		0.43
" If a similar regulation took place in vivo, decreased bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of NMGA-coadministered P-gp substrates could be expected."( Biphasic modulation of cAMP levels by the contraceptive nomegestrol acetate. Impact on P-glycoprotein expression and activity in hepatic cells.
Arana, MR; Domínguez, CJ; Mottino, AD; Rigalli, JP; Ruiz, ML; Tocchetti, GN; Villanueva, SSM; Weiss, J; Zecchinati, F, 2018)		0.73

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" The progestogen was administered from day 7 to 25 of the cycle during six cycles at a dosage (5 mg/d) known to inhibit ovulation."( Effects of nomegestrol acetate (5 mg/d) on hormonal, metabolic and hemostatic parameters in premenopausal women.
Basdevant, A; Conard, J; Degrelle, H; Guyene, TT; Pelissier, C; Thomas, JL, 1991)		0.67
" The progestogen was administered from day 5 to day 24 of the cycle, over six consecutive cycles, at a dosage (5 mg/d) known to inhibit ovulation."( Effects of nomegestrol acetate on carbohydrate metabolism.
Choisy, H; Dorangeon, P; Hazard, MC; Lumbroso, M; Thomas, JL, )		0.52
" Tissue distribution at 1, 2, and 4 h and excretion of NOMAC into bile, urine, and feces after dosing were investigated."( Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion of nomegestrol acetate in female rats.
Cao, L; Chen, X; Huang, Q; Riviere, JE; Zhu, Y, 2015)		0.66
" Blood samples were obtained for PK analysis, and concentrations of NOMAC, E2 and its metabolite estrone (E1) were determined for up to 129h following dosing to obtain PK data."( Prediction of nomegestrol acetate pharmacokinetics in healthy female adolescents and adults by whole-body physiology-based pharmacokinetic modelling and clinical validation.
de Greef, R; Gerrits, M; Kerbusch, T; Post, TM, 2016)		0.79
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
corticosteroid hormoneAny of a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (7)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, Beta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12Potency65.81140.044717.8581100.0000AID485294; AID485341
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.09650.000811.382244.6684AID686978; AID686979
thioredoxin glutathione reductaseSchistosoma mansoniPotency44.66840.100022.9075100.0000AID485364
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.18380.035520.977089.1251AID504332
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency23.10930.00419.984825.9290AID504444
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.251215.843239.8107AID504327
Spike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusPotency28.18380.009610.525035.4813AID1479145
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Ceullar Components (1)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
virion membraneSpike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (14)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (134)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19905 (3.73)18.7374
1990's36 (26.87)18.2507
2000's29 (21.64)29.6817
2010's52 (38.81)24.3611
2020's12 (8.96)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 49.90

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index49.90 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.27 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.33 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index77.35 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (49.90)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials46 (31.29%)5.53%
Reviews19 (12.93%)6.00%
Case Studies4 (2.72%)4.05%
Observational6 (4.08%)0.25%
Other72 (48.98%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		2.0110aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		7.2110guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		1.98102-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
norethindrone acetate
norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.		4.64323-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		6.163117-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		2.42202-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		12.32191117-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
androstenedione
Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.		1.991017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
norethindrone
Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.		4.864217beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary alcohol		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		5.226220-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
chlormadinone acetate
Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		4.1331corticosteroid hormone
cyproterone acetate
[no description available]		2.763020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
chlorinated steroid;
steroid ester		androgen antagonist;
geroprotector;
progestin
nandrolone
Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.		6.565117beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		human metabolite
medroxyprogesterone
[no description available]		3.41117alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.		7.397417beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
megestrol
Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.		17.711304317alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
barium sulfate
Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.		1.9810barium salt;
inorganic barium salt;
metal sulfate		radioopaque medium
pregnanolone
Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.		7.04103-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid		human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
promegestone
Promegestone: A synthetic progestin which is useful for the study of progestin distribution and progestin tissue receptors, as it is not bound by transcortin and binds to progesterone receptors with a higher association constant than progesterone.. promegestone : A progestin consisting of 17beta-propionylestra-4,9-dien-3-one substituted at position 17 by a methyl group.		3.772120-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		antineoplastic agent;
progesterone receptor agonist;
progestin
desogestrel
Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).		5.053117beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
raloxifene hydrochloride
Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.		3.4111hydrochloridebone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		9.1313-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
dienogest
[no description available]		11.394117beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
aliphatic nitrile;
steroid hormone		progesterone receptor agonist;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
drospirenone
drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source		8.28533-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
steroid lactone		aldosterone antagonist;
contraceptive drug;
progestin
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		4.6921iditolfungal metabolite
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		3.4111amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fulvestrant
Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.		1.981017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
st 1435
[no description available]		2.1310corticosteroid hormone
drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol combination
drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol combination: female oral combined contraceptive containing 30 mcg (0.030 mg) Ethinyl Estradiol and 3 mg drospirenone (Androstenes)		6.7143
moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.		4.411aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		2.0110
tibolone
tibolone: used in prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. tibolone : Estran-3-one with a double bond between positions 5 and 10, and bearing both an ethynyl group and a hydroxy group at position 17 (R-configuration). A synthetic steroid hormone drug which acts as an agonist at all five type I steroid hormone receptors, it is used in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and for treatment of endometriosis.		3.391117beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		bone density conservation agent;
hormone agonist
tamoxifen
[no description available]		210stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
droloxifene
[no description available]		710stilbenoid
gestodene
Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer		3.6411steroidestrogen
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		1.9910prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		3.0910monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cyproterone
Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.		21017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		androgen antagonist
sulprostone
sulprostone: structure		6.9910prostanoid
etonogestrel
[no description available]		10.053117beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin
estradiol valerate-dienogest
estradiol valerate-dienogest: structure in first source		2.110
16 alpha-ethyl-21-hydroxy-19-nor-4-pregnene-3,20-dione
[no description available]		2.3820
beta-endorphin
beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).		7.0410
sepiapterin
sepiapterin: A substrate of sepiapterin reductase		2.0510sepiapterin
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		02.0510
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		02.0510
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		02.1310
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		02.1310
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.240
Angioblastic Meningioma
[description not available]		03.240
Meningeal Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.		03.240
Meningioma
A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)		03.240
Affective Disorders
[description not available]		04.8732
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
A condition in which a woman suffers from severe depression, irritability, and tension before MENSTRUATION. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) may involve a wide range of physical or emotional symptoms, which are more severe and debilitating than those seen with premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and which include at least one mood-related symptom. Symptoms usually stop when, or shortly after, menstruation begins.		07.3110
Mood Disorders
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.		04.8732
Thromboembolism, Venous
[description not available]		03.4520
Venous Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		03.4520
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		012.4984
Pain, Chronic
[description not available]		03.811
Endometrioma
An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.		04.651
Pelvic Pain
Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin.		09.1521
Endometriosis
A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.		04.651
Chronic Pain
Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.		03.811
Anxiety Neuroses
[description not available]		04.5622
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		04.4222
Anxiety Disorders
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.		04.5622
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		04.4222
Recrudescence
[description not available]		03.711
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
[description not available]		03.9221
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)		110.9221
Ovarian Diseases
Pathological processes of the OVARY.		02.3110
Sex Disorders
[description not available]		02.1510
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological
Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.		02.1510
Menstruation, Painful
[description not available]		08.4275
Dysmenorrhea
Painful menstruation.		110.4275
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		02.5820
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		02.5820
Appetite Disorders
[description not available]		03.5611
Behavior Disorders
[description not available]		03.5611
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		03.5611
Feeding and Eating Disorders
A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.		03.5611
Mental Disorders
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.		03.5611
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		05.42100
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms
[description not available]		04.4330
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		05.42100
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged
[description not available]		04.411
Long QT Syndrome
A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.		04.411
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.110
Premenstrual Tension
A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder.		07.8855
Premenstrual Syndrome
A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses.		07.8855
Postpartum Amenorrhea
[description not available]		04.6632
Bleeding Between Periods
[description not available]		05.3622
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstruation.		04.6632
Metrorrhagia
Abnormal uterine bleeding that is not related to MENSTRUATION, usually in females without regular MENSTRUAL CYCLE. The irregular and unpredictable bleeding usually comes from a dysfunctional ENDOMETRIUM.		05.3622
Blood Clot
[description not available]		03.8521
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		03.8521
Dyspareunia
Recurrent genital pain occurring during, before, or after SEXUAL INTERCOURSE in either the male or the female.		03.4311
Vaginal Diseases
Pathological processes of the VAGINA.		03.4311
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		03.821
Hot Flashes
A sudden, temporary sensation of heat predominantly experienced by some women during MENOPAUSE. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)		04.3822
Breast Diseases
Pathological processes of the BREAST.		03.8220
Hypomenorrhea
[description not available]		06.3153
Menopause
The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.		012.0873
Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia
A benign form of endometrial hyperplasia with increased number of cells with atypia. The atypical cells are large and irregular and have an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. The risk of progression to endometrial carcinoma rises with the increasing degree of cell atypia.		04.7221
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		06.3931
Endometrial Hyperplasia
Benign proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM in the UTERUS. Endometrial hyperplasia is classified by its cytology and glandular tissue. There are simple, complex (adenomatous without atypia), and atypical hyperplasia representing also the ascending risk of becoming malignant.		04.7221
Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		03.3620
Polyps
Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		03.4411
Acne
[description not available]		05.0231
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
[description not available]		05.2722
Acne Vulgaris
A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.		05.0231
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.		05.2722
Deep Vein Thrombosis
[description not available]		02.0310
Venous Thrombosis
The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.		02.0310
Anorectal Diseases
[description not available]		01.9810
Rectal Diseases
Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		01.9810
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		04.0631
Hemorrhage, Uterine
[description not available]		04.6232
Uterine Hemorrhage
Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.		04.6232
Oligomenorrhea
Abnormally infrequent menstruation.		03.3811
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		07.9110
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		02.9110
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		01.9910
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		01.9910
HbS Disease
[description not available]		02.420
Anemia, Sickle Cell
A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.		02.420
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective
[description not available]		01.9910
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II
A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).		01.9910
Albright Syndrome
[description not available]		0210
Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic
FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE affecting several bones. When melanotic pigmentation (CAFE-AU-LAIT SPOTS) and multiple endocrine hyperfunction are additionally associated it is referred to as Albright syndrome.		0210
Fibroid
[description not available]		0210
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		0210
Leiomyoma
A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.		0210
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		0210
Lymphangiomyomatosis
[description not available]		0210
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		0210
Chylothorax
The presence of chyle in the thoracic cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed)		0210
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		0210
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
A disease characterized by the progressive invasion of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS into the LYMPHATIC VESSELS, and the BLOOD VESSELS. The majority of the cases occur in the LUNGS of women of child-bearing age, eventually blocking the flow of air, blood, and lymph. The common symptom is shortness of breath (DYSPNEA).		0210