thyroxine and Insulin Resistance studies

Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.
thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.

Insulin Resistance: Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Though most of the observational studies have shown that metformin can reduce serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level in patients of hypothyroidism with diabetes or polycystic ovarian disease, randomised controlled trials are sparse."	9.30	Effect of metformin on thyroid function tests in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: an open-label randomised controlled trial. ( Durgia, H; Kamalanathan, S; Kar, SS; Palui, R; Patil, M; Raj, H; Sahoo, J; Sridharan, K, 2019)
" The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and adiponectin in relation to insulin sensitivity in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and to estimate if L-thyroxine treatment had an influence on these parameters."	9.15	Insulin sensitivity, plasma adiponectin and sICAM-1 concentrations in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: response to levothyroxine therapy. ( Borawski, J; Budlewski, T; Górska, M; Kowalska, I; Nikołajuk, A; Otziomek, E; Strączkowski, M, 2011)
" In conclusion, in patients with untreated primary hypothyroidism, levothyroxine replacement therapy based on HOMA-IR and QUICKI did not improve insulin resistance; however, lipid profile was significantly improved following levothyroxine administration."	8.31	Effects of levothyroxine replacement therapy on insulin resistance in patients with untreated primary hypothyroidism. ( Gohari-Lasaki, S; Manzari, T; Mobasseri, M; Najafipour, F; Ostadrahimi, A; Sadra, V; Tutunchi, H, 2023)
" Both metformin and myo-inositol were found to improve insulin sensitivity and to reduce thyrotropin levels in individuals with hypothyroidism."	8.12	Differences in levothyroxine action on thyroid autoimmunity and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity between metformin- and myo-inositol-treated women with autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism. ( Kowalcze, K; Krysiak, R; Okopień, B, 2022)
" The present study compared the impact of low-grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance on levothyroxine action in subjects with this disorder."	8.12	Thyroid Antibody Titers and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Activity in Levothyroxine-Treated Women With Autoimmune Subclinical Hypothyroidism Receiving Atorvastatin or Metformin. ( Kowalcze, K; Krysiak, R; Okopień, B, 2022)
"The results of the current study suggest that the benefits of levothyroxine therapy in men with autoimmune hypothyroidism are less pronounced in individuals with early-onset androgenetic alopecia."	8.02	The impact of levothyroxine on thyroid autoimmunity and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity in men with autoimmune hypothyroidism and early-onset androgenetic alopecia. ( Kowalcze, K; Krysiak, R; Marek, B; Okopień, B, 2021)
" Metformin reduced glucose levels and glycated haemoglobin, improved insulin sensitivity and decreased thyrotrophin levels."	7.96	Different effects of metformin on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity in levothyroxine-treated and levothyroxine-naïve women with non-autoimmune hypothyroidism. ( Kowalcze, K; Krysiak, R; Okopień, B, 2020)
"Exposure to triclosan (TCS), an antibacterial agent, during pregnancy is associated with hypothyroxinemia and decreases in placental glucose transporter expression and activity."	7.85	Exposure of Pregnant Mice to Triclosan Causes Insulin Resistance via Thyroxine Reduction. ( Cao, XY; Chen, L; Hua, X; Sun, P; Wang, XL, 2017)
" Metformin treatment may bring clinical benefits to patients with amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism and poor tolerance of exogenous L-thyroxine."	7.83	The effect of metformin on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with type 2 diabetes and amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism. ( Gilowska, M; Krysiak, R; Okopień, B; Szkróbka, W, 2016)
" Secondary outcomes were the measurement of thyroid hormones (free T4 and TSH), leptin levels, and insulin resistance index (HOMA2-IR)."	7.81	Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance index, leptin and thyroid hormone levels in the general population of Merida (Venezuela). ( Baptista, T; Gómez Pérez, R; Marquina, D; Uzcátegui, E; Uzcátegui, L; Valery, L, 2015)
" We aimed to explore the changes in atherosclerotic risk factors and insulin sensitivity before and after levothyroxine replacement therapy in women with primary hypothyroidism and compare with that of healthy controls."	7.80	Effects of levothyroxine treatment on insulin sensitivity, endothelial function and risk factors of atherosclerosis in hypothyroid women. ( Akalın, NS; Akpınar, IN; Deyneli, O; Gözü, H; Meriçliler, OS; Yıldız, ME, 2014)
"Obesity increases the susceptibility to harbor AITD with an emerging role for leptin as a peripheral determinant, which needs to be confirmed in future investigations."	7.76	Investigations of thyroid hormones and antibodies in obesity: leptin levels are associated with thyroid autoimmunity independent of bioanthropometric, hormonal, and weight-related determinants. ( Aimaretti, G; De Medici, C; Di Blasio, A; Guzzaloni, G; Liuzzi, A; Marzullo, P; Minocci, A; Tagliaferri, MA, 2010)
" However, obese mares exhibited a significantly longer duration of the oestrous cycle, significant increases in circulating concentrations of leptin and insulin, and decreased insulin sensitivity and concentrations of thyroxine compared with feed-restricted mares throughout the experiment."	7.73	Obesity is associated with altered metabolic and reproductive activity in the mare: effects of metformin on insulin sensitivity and reproductive cyclicity. ( Fitzgerald, BP; Kennedy, EL; Murphy, BA; Reedy, SE; Sessions, DR; Vick, MM, 2006)
" Aim of the study We sought to evaluate thyroid function and its possible relationship with body mass index (BMI), leptin, adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in euthyroid obese women."	7.73	Relationship of thyroid function with body mass index, leptin, insulin sensitivity and adiponectin in euthyroid obese women. ( Iacobellis, G; Iannucci, CV; Leonetti, F; Ribaudo, MC; Zappaterreno, A, 2005)
"The purpose of this study was to determine whether polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency (CAH) are related to hyperhomocysteinemia, and to investigate if there is a correlation between homocysteine levels and insulin sensitivity in women with PCOS and CAH."	7.72	Plasma homocysteine levels in polycystic ovary syndrome and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. ( Bayraktar, F; Dereli, D; Ozgen, AG; Yilmaz, C, 2004)
"Our aim was to determine whether serum leptin level is regulated by thyroid hormones, lipid metabolic products and insulin resistance status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)."	7.72	Is serum leptin level regulated by thyroid functions, lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome? ( Baysal, B; Erel, CT; Gezer, A; Kaleli, S; Senturk, LM; Tasan, E, 2003)
"Associations between plasma leptin and thyroid function tests, insulin resistance by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), dietary recall and anthropometrically determined body composition."	7.70	Associations of leptin, insulin resistance and thyroid function with long-term weight loss in dieting obese men. ( Andersson, I; Degerblad, M; Hellström, PM; Kogner, P; Kral, JG; Näslund, E; Rössner, S, 2000)
"Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an essential neuromodulator, generates by cystathionine β synthase (CBS) or 3-mecaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST) in the brain."	5.48	Cystathionine beta synthase-hydrogen sulfide system in paraventricular nucleus reduced high fatty diet induced obesity and insulin resistance by brain-adipose axis. ( Cai, J; Cui, C; Cui, Q; Geng, B; Han, J; Lu, H; Tang, C; Xu, G; Yang, J; Zheng, F; Zhou, Y, 2018)
"Insulin resistance is featured by low circulating bilirubin."	5.40	The relationship of the anti-oxidant bilirubin with free thyroxine is modified by insulin resistance in euthyroid subjects. ( Bakker, SJ; Deetman, PE; Dullaart, RP; Kwakernaak, AJ; Navis, G, 2014)
"Metabolic syndrome was determined by definition of the Joint Interim Statement adjusted for the Iranian population."	5.40	Serum free thyroxine concentration is associated with metabolic syndrome in euthyroid subjects. ( Amouzegar, A; Azizi, F; Mehran, L; Moayedi, M; Tohidi, M, 2014)
"This is a cross-sectional study in which weight status (BMI-SDS), thyroid function parameters (TSH, free tri-iodothyronine [fT3], and free thyroxine [fT4]), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and thyroid volume (ultrasound) were determined in 617 overweight children (aged 10."	5.34	Thyroid Volume and Thyroid Function Parameters Are Independently Associated with Weight Status in Overweight Children. ( Barth, A; Lass, N; Reinehr, T, 2020)
"Carvedilol treatment reversed thyroxin induced hypertriglyceridemia, whereas propranolol treatment had no effect."	5.34	Comparative effectiveness of carvedilol and propranolol on glycemic control and insulin resistance associated with L-thyroxin-induced hyperthyroidism--an experimental study. ( Bhatt, P; Goyal, R; Makwana, D; Santani, D, 2007)
"Though most of the observational studies have shown that metformin can reduce serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level in patients of hypothyroidism with diabetes or polycystic ovarian disease, randomised controlled trials are sparse."	5.30	Effect of metformin on thyroid function tests in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: an open-label randomised controlled trial. ( Durgia, H; Kamalanathan, S; Kar, SS; Palui, R; Patil, M; Raj, H; Sahoo, J; Sridharan, K, 2019)
"There is a 3-fold increased risk of developing overt hypothyroidism with dietary supplementation of 16 mg soy phytoestrogens with subclinical hypothyroidism."	5.15	The effect of soy phytoestrogen supplementation on thyroid status and cardiovascular risk markers in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. ( Atkin, SL; Chapman, T; Kilpatrick, ES; Manuchehri, AM; Rigby, AS; Sathyapalan, T; Thatcher, NJ, 2011)
" The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and adiponectin in relation to insulin sensitivity in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and to estimate if L-thyroxine treatment had an influence on these parameters."	5.15	Insulin sensitivity, plasma adiponectin and sICAM-1 concentrations in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: response to levothyroxine therapy. ( Borawski, J; Budlewski, T; Górska, M; Kowalska, I; Nikołajuk, A; Otziomek, E; Strączkowski, M, 2011)
" In conclusion, in patients with untreated primary hypothyroidism, levothyroxine replacement therapy based on HOMA-IR and QUICKI did not improve insulin resistance; however, lipid profile was significantly improved following levothyroxine administration."	4.31	Effects of levothyroxine replacement therapy on insulin resistance in patients with untreated primary hypothyroidism. ( Gohari-Lasaki, S; Manzari, T; Mobasseri, M; Najafipour, F; Ostadrahimi, A; Sadra, V; Tutunchi, H, 2023)
" Both metformin and myo-inositol were found to improve insulin sensitivity and to reduce thyrotropin levels in individuals with hypothyroidism."	4.12	Differences in levothyroxine action on thyroid autoimmunity and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity between metformin- and myo-inositol-treated women with autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism. ( Kowalcze, K; Krysiak, R; Okopień, B, 2022)
" The present study compared the impact of low-grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance on levothyroxine action in subjects with this disorder."	4.12	Thyroid Antibody Titers and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Activity in Levothyroxine-Treated Women With Autoimmune Subclinical Hypothyroidism Receiving Atorvastatin or Metformin. ( Kowalcze, K; Krysiak, R; Okopień, B, 2022)
"The results of the current study suggest that the benefits of levothyroxine therapy in men with autoimmune hypothyroidism are less pronounced in individuals with early-onset androgenetic alopecia."	4.02	The impact of levothyroxine on thyroid autoimmunity and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity in men with autoimmune hypothyroidism and early-onset androgenetic alopecia. ( Kowalcze, K; Krysiak, R; Marek, B; Okopień, B, 2021)
"The aim of the study is to explore the independent association of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) with hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance."	4.02	Independent associations of thyroid-related hormones with hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in euthyroid overweight/obese Chinese adults. ( Chen, Y; Huang, B; Li, Z; Lin, M; Liu, C; Ma, D; Xiao, F; Yan, F; Ye, J; Zeng, J; Zeng, X; Zheng, X, 2021)
" Metformin reduced glucose levels and glycated haemoglobin, improved insulin sensitivity and decreased thyrotrophin levels."	3.96	Different effects of metformin on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity in levothyroxine-treated and levothyroxine-naïve women with non-autoimmune hypothyroidism. ( Kowalcze, K; Krysiak, R; Okopień, B, 2020)
"Objective The study's objective was to evaluate the thyroid parameters in obese insulin-resistant patients with euthyroid diffuse or nodular goiter, following Metformin treatment."	3.88	The effect of Metformin treatment in obese insulin-resistant patients with euthyroid goiter. ( Bolboacă, SD; Ghervan, C; Mârza, S; Moga, D; Răcătăianu, N; Sitar-Tăut, AV; Valea, A, 2018)
"Exposure to triclosan (TCS), an antibacterial agent, during pregnancy is associated with hypothyroxinemia and decreases in placental glucose transporter expression and activity."	3.85	Exposure of Pregnant Mice to Triclosan Causes Insulin Resistance via Thyroxine Reduction. ( Cao, XY; Chen, L; Hua, X; Sun, P; Wang, XL, 2017)
"Increasing evidence suggests an association between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), and deiodinases with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D)."	3.85	Thyroid Signaling, Insulin Resistance, and 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Mendelian Randomization Study. ( Bos, MM; Noordam, R; Smit, RAJ; Trompet, S; van Heemst, D, 2017)
" Detailed anthropometric measurements (including BMI and skinfold thickness) and fasting blood samples (for TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), HbA1c, lipid profile, plasma glucose and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) analysis) were obtained at 28 weeks gestation."	3.83	Maternal hypothyroxinaemia in pregnancy is associated with obesity and adverse maternal metabolic parameters. ( Hattersley, AT; Knight, BA; Shields, BM; Vaidya, B, 2016)
" Metformin treatment may bring clinical benefits to patients with amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism and poor tolerance of exogenous L-thyroxine."	3.83	The effect of metformin on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with type 2 diabetes and amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism. ( Gilowska, M; Krysiak, R; Okopień, B; Szkróbka, W, 2016)
" Serum prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (free T4), free tri-iodothyronine (free T3), insulin resistance (IR) which was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment, thyroidal microsome (anti-TPO), antithyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), estradiol (E2), and insulin like growth factor (IGF-1) were evaluated, and thyroid volume was calculated by B-mode doppler USG."	3.81	Are there any causes for increased thyroid volume in women with prolactinoma? ( Arduç, A; Berker, D; Doğan, BA; Güler, S; Müslüm Tuna, M; Taşcı, T, 2015)
" Secondary outcomes were the measurement of thyroid hormones (free T4 and TSH), leptin levels, and insulin resistance index (HOMA2-IR)."	3.81	Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance index, leptin and thyroid hormone levels in the general population of Merida (Venezuela). ( Baptista, T; Gómez Pérez, R; Marquina, D; Uzcátegui, E; Uzcátegui, L; Valery, L, 2015)
" Serum free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroperoxidase antibody (anti-TPO Ab) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg Ab), lipid profile, hs-CRP, fasting insulin levels were measured and insulin resistance calculated by HOMA-IR."	3.81	The association of autoimmune thyroiditis and non-functional adrenal incidentalomas with insulin resistance. ( Arslan, MS; Calıskan, M; Delibasi, T; Demirci, T; Erden, G; Karakose, M; Karbek, B; Sahin, M; Topaloglu, O, 2015)
" We aimed to explore the changes in atherosclerotic risk factors and insulin sensitivity before and after levothyroxine replacement therapy in women with primary hypothyroidism and compare with that of healthy controls."	3.80	Effects of levothyroxine treatment on insulin sensitivity, endothelial function and risk factors of atherosclerosis in hypothyroid women. ( Akalın, NS; Akpınar, IN; Deyneli, O; Gözü, H; Meriçliler, OS; Yıldız, ME, 2014)
"Serum total bilirubin, thyrotropin and free thyroxine (free T4), transaminases, insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment), and lipids were measured in 74 T2DM and 82 nondiabetic subjects with thyrotropin and free T4 levels within the euthyroid range."	3.79	Low-normal free thyroxine confers decreased serum bilirubin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bakker, SJ; Deetman, PE; Dullaart, RP; Kwakernaak, AJ, 2013)
" In all subjects, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), fasting plasma levels of insulin and glucose, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, and obesity parameters were assessed."	3.79	Relationship of thyroid function with obesity and type 2 diabetes in euthyroid Tunisian subjects. ( Abid, H; Ammar, M; Bchir, F; Berhouma, R; Clerget-Froidevaux, MS; Demeneix, B; Elgaaied, AB; Guissouma, H; Jarboui, S; Kouidhi, S; Rouissi, K; Seugnet, I, 2013)
"Obesity increases the susceptibility to harbor AITD with an emerging role for leptin as a peripheral determinant, which needs to be confirmed in future investigations."	3.76	Investigations of thyroid hormones and antibodies in obesity: leptin levels are associated with thyroid autoimmunity independent of bioanthropometric, hormonal, and weight-related determinants. ( Aimaretti, G; De Medici, C; Di Blasio, A; Guzzaloni, G; Liuzzi, A; Marzullo, P; Minocci, A; Tagliaferri, MA, 2010)
" Thyroid function was stratified as euthyroid or subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) status and subsequently by free thyroxine (FT(4)) and TSH tertiles."	3.76	TSH and free thyroxine concentrations are associated with differing metabolic markers in euthyroid subjects. ( Aguilar-Salinas, CA; Alvirde-Garcia, U; Arellano-Campos, O; Choza, R; Garay-Sevilla, ME; Garduño-Garcia, Jde J; Gomez-Perez, FJ; López-Carrasco, G; Malacara, JM; Mehta, R; Padilla Mendoza, ME; Sauque, L, 2010)
"Studies on thyroid function in obesity yielded inconsistent results; high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were generally shown; high free triiodothyronine (fT)-3 or fT4 levels were described in some, but not in other studies."	3.76	Weight loss through gastric banding: effects on TSH and thyroid hormones in obese subjects with normal thyroid function. ( Barbieri, M; Dall'Asta, C; Folli, F; Morabito, A; Paganelli, M; Paolisso, G; Pontiroli, AE; Vedani, P, 2010)
" Fasting TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), insulin, glucose, and the level of insulin resistance, estimated by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured."	3.75	Thyroid stimulating hormone is associated with metabolic syndrome in euthyroid postmenopausal women. ( Ahn, KH; Cho, GJ; Hong, SC; Hur, JY; Kim, SH; Kim, T; Kim, YT; Lee, KW; Park, HT; Shin, JH, 2009)
" Before and after 6 months of levothyroxine (L-T(4)) treatment, we determined total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), apoB levels, hepatic lipase (HL) activity in postheparin plasma samples, the chemical composition and copper-induced oxidation in isolated LDL and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, and insulinogenic index."	3.74	Lipoprotein alterations, hepatic lipase activity, and insulin sensitivity in subclinical hypothyroidism: response to L-T(4) treatment. ( Arias, P; Berg, G; Brenta, G; Muzzio, ML; Schnitman, M; Schreier, L; Sinay, I; Zago, V, 2007)
"Despite comparable BMI Z-scores and leptin levels, the PWS children exhibited lower fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) scores compared to obese controls."	3.74	Altered distribution of adiponectin isoforms in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS): association with insulin sensitivity and circulating satiety peptide hormones. ( Freemark, MS; Grambow, SC; Haqq, AM; Muehlbauer, M; Newgard, CB; Purnell, JQ; Svetkey, LP, 2007)
" Additionally, leptin, insulin, and the insulin resistance index HOMA were analyzed in the obese and normal-weight girls."	3.74	Thyroid hormones and their relation to weight status. ( Andler, W; de Sousa, G; Dieffenbach, R; Isa, A; Reinehr, T, 2008)
" Aim of the study We sought to evaluate thyroid function and its possible relationship with body mass index (BMI), leptin, adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in euthyroid obese women."	3.73	Relationship of thyroid function with body mass index, leptin, insulin sensitivity and adiponectin in euthyroid obese women. ( Iacobellis, G; Iannucci, CV; Leonetti, F; Ribaudo, MC; Zappaterreno, A, 2005)
" The aim of study was to assess insulin resistance in hyperthyroid patients in correlation with the plasma free thyroxine (FT4) and thyreotropin (TSH) concentrations."	3.73	[Insulin resistance assessed with HOMA-IR in hyperthyroid patients]. ( Nikisch, E; Owecki, M; Sowiński, J, 2005)
" However, obese mares exhibited a significantly longer duration of the oestrous cycle, significant increases in circulating concentrations of leptin and insulin, and decreased insulin sensitivity and concentrations of thyroxine compared with feed-restricted mares throughout the experiment."	3.73	Obesity is associated with altered metabolic and reproductive activity in the mare: effects of metformin on insulin sensitivity and reproductive cyclicity. ( Fitzgerald, BP; Kennedy, EL; Murphy, BA; Reedy, SE; Sessions, DR; Vick, MM, 2006)
"The purpose of this study was to determine whether polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency (CAH) are related to hyperhomocysteinemia, and to investigate if there is a correlation between homocysteine levels and insulin sensitivity in women with PCOS and CAH."	3.72	Plasma homocysteine levels in polycystic ovary syndrome and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. ( Bayraktar, F; Dereli, D; Ozgen, AG; Yilmaz, C, 2004)
"Our aim was to determine whether serum leptin level is regulated by thyroid hormones, lipid metabolic products and insulin resistance status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)."	3.72	Is serum leptin level regulated by thyroid functions, lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome? ( Baysal, B; Erel, CT; Gezer, A; Kaleli, S; Senturk, LM; Tasan, E, 2003)
"Associations between plasma leptin and thyroid function tests, insulin resistance by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), dietary recall and anthropometrically determined body composition."	3.70	Associations of leptin, insulin resistance and thyroid function with long-term weight loss in dieting obese men. ( Andersson, I; Degerblad, M; Hellström, PM; Kogner, P; Kral, JG; Näslund, E; Rössner, S, 2000)
"Insulin resistance resolved in 3 dogs with hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus after treatment with sodium levothyroxine."	3.68	Insulin resistance in three dogs with hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus. ( Feldman, EC; Ford, SL; Nelson, RW; Niwa, D, 1993)
"Reduced insulin sensitivity is associated with augmented TSH and fT(4), while progressive central fat accumulation is strictly related to a parallel increase in fT(3) levels, independently from total body fat."	2.77	Thyroid function tests in obese prepubertal children: correlations with insulin sensitivity and body fat distribution. ( Barbetti, F; Brufani, C; Cappa, M; Fintini, D; Manco, M; Nobili, V, 2012)
"The incidence of thyroid cancer and metabolic syndrome has been increasing at the same rate over the past few decades."	1.72	The relationship between papillary thyroid cancer and triglyceride/glucose index, which is an indicator of insulin resistance. ( Alkurt, EG; Canal, K; Şahin, F; Turhan, VB; Tutan, B, 2022)
"Thyroid function and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are both associated with increased risks of adverse clinical outcomes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)."	1.56	Association between Thyroid Function and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Euthyroid Type 2 Diabetes Patients. ( Huang, B; Yang, S; Ye, S, 2020)
"Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an essential neuromodulator, generates by cystathionine β synthase (CBS) or 3-mecaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST) in the brain."	1.48	Cystathionine beta synthase-hydrogen sulfide system in paraventricular nucleus reduced high fatty diet induced obesity and insulin resistance by brain-adipose axis. ( Cai, J; Cui, C; Cui, Q; Geng, B; Han, J; Lu, H; Tang, C; Xu, G; Yang, J; Zheng, F; Zhou, Y, 2018)
"Higher insulin resistance was positively associated with serum FT3 levels and inversely associated with serum TSH levels in euthyroid subjects with normal thyroid US findings."	1.48	Association between thyroid hormone levels, body composition and insulin resistance in euthyroid subjects with normal thyroid ultrasound: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study. ( Cho, JH; Kwon, H; Lee, DY; Lee, WY; Oh, KW; Park, CY; Park, SE; Park, SW; Rhee, EJ, 2018)
"TSH-suppression is a therapy for thyroid cancer management, but it may lead to adverse effects, which should be balanced with its benefits."	1.48	Reduced insulin sensitivity in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with suppressed TSH. ( De Melo, TG; Fernandes, AM; Ficher, E; Montali Da Assumpção, LV; Monte Alegre, S; Souza, AL; Zantut-Wittmann, DE, 2018)
"Methods Patients with thyroid cancer who were scheduled to receive radioactive iodine ablation were enrolled."	1.46	Effects of thyroid hormone withdrawal on metabolic and cardiovascular parameters during radioactive iodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer. ( An, JH; Kim, DL; Kim, SK; Song, KH, 2017)
"Hypothyroidism was considered at a thyroid stimulating hormone level ≥ 4."	1.43	FT3/FT4 ratio predicts non-alcoholic fatty liver disease independent of metabolic parameters in patients with euthyroidism and hypothyroidism. ( Ahbab, S; Ataoğlu, HE; Çetin, F; Gökmen, FY; Mamaç, RY; Türker, BÇ; Türker, F; Yenigün, M, 2016)
"We studied 30 GH naive patients with Sheehan's syndrome (SS) on standard replacement therapy and compared with healthy age, BMI and parity matched controls."	1.42	Insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and chronic low grade inflammation in Sheehan's syndrome on standard replacement therapy: a case control study. ( Bhat, MA; Laway, BA; Mubarik, I; Shah, ZA; Wani, AI, 2015)
"In such cases, DM may reverse with treatment of hypothyroidism, as was documented in this case."	1.40	Hypothyroidism associated with acromegaly and insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus in a Samoyed. ( Johnstone, T; Mooney, CT; Terzo, E, 2014)
"Metabolic syndrome was determined by definition of the Joint Interim Statement adjusted for the Iranian population."	1.40	Serum free thyroxine concentration is associated with metabolic syndrome in euthyroid subjects. ( Amouzegar, A; Azizi, F; Mehran, L; Moayedi, M; Tohidi, M, 2014)
"NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups had slightly higher fasting blood glucose values than the control group."	1.40	Thyroid function in obese children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Bilgin, H; Pirgon, Ö, 2014)
"NAFLD was diagnosed by conventional ultrasound examination."	1.40	Thyroid hormone levels in obese children and adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Aydın, S; Cesur, Y; Gökçe, S; Özgen, IT; Torun, E, 2014)
"Insulin resistance is featured by low circulating bilirubin."	1.40	The relationship of the anti-oxidant bilirubin with free thyroxine is modified by insulin resistance in euthyroid subjects. ( Bakker, SJ; Deetman, PE; Dullaart, RP; Kwakernaak, AJ; Navis, G, 2014)
"Leptin is an independent predictor of TSH concentration variations only in euthyroid smoker subjects of both sexes at all ranges of BMI, but not in nonsmokers."	1.39	Leptin and thyrotropin relationship is modulated by smoking status in euthyroid subjects. ( Castell, C; Granada, ML; Julián, MT; Lucas, A; Olaizola, I; Pellitero, S; Puig-Domingo, M; Roca, J, 2013)
"Neonatal hypothyroidism has serious effects on growth, development, and metabolism."	1.39	Effect of neonatal hypothyroidism on carbohydrate metabolism, insulin secretion, and pancreatic islets morphology of adult male offspring in rats. ( Farahani, H; Ghasemi, A; Roghani, M; Zahediasl, S, 2013)
"Although overt thyrotoxicosis is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity (IS), the effects of subclinical thyrotoxicosis (SCTox) (i."	1.37	The association of insulin resistance with subclinical thyrotoxicosis. ( Alberto, M; Brenta, G; Niepomniszcze, H; Pusiol, E; Rezzonico, J; Rezzonico, M, 2011)
"Twenty-eight athyreotic thyroid cancer patients (4 male and 24 female; mean age, 52."	1.36	Circulating adiponectin concentrations were related to free thyroxine levels in thyroid cancer patients after thyroid hormone withdrawal. ( Huang, SC; Lin, SY; Sheu, WH, 2010)
"Insulin sensitivity was measured by intravenous glucose tolerance testing, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, and insulin-stimulated insulin receptor and protein kinase B phosphorylation levels in muscle."	1.35	High isoflavone soy diet increases insulin secretion without decreasing insulin sensitivity in premenopausal nonhuman primates. ( Flynn, DM; Jones, KL; Kavanagh, K; Shadoan, MK; Wagner, JD; Zhang, L, 2008)
"Insulin resistance is closely related to post-THW hypothyroidism in patients of DTC."	1.35	Factors related to clinical hypothyroid severity in thyroid cancer patients after thyroid hormone withdrawal. ( Chang, WD; Huang, SC; Lin, SY; Lin, YH; Sheu, WH; Song, YM; Wu, CC; Wu, VC, 2009)
"Carvedilol treatment reversed thyroxin induced hypertriglyceridemia, whereas propranolol treatment had no effect."	1.34	Comparative effectiveness of carvedilol and propranolol on glycemic control and insulin resistance associated with L-thyroxin-induced hyperthyroidism--an experimental study. ( Bhatt, P; Goyal, R; Makwana, D; Santani, D, 2007)
"The metabolic syndrome was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III criteria."	1.34	Thyroid function is associated with components of the metabolic syndrome in euthyroid subjects. ( Bakker, SJ; Gans, RO; Links, TP; Roos, A; Wolffenbuttel, BH, 2007)
"A relationship between hyperinsulinemia and decreased serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) has been described in adults."	1.31	Sex hormone-binding globulin as a marker for hyperinsulinemia and/or insulin resistance in obese children. ( Cañete, R; Gascón, F; Martos, R; Montilla, P; Ríos, R; Ruz, FJ; Valle, M, 2000)
"To determine the effect of thyroid hormone excess on insulin secretion, metabolism and action in humans, we examined intravenous glucose tolerance, glucose-induced insulin secretion, insulin clearance, monocyte insulin receptor binding, and the dose-response characteristics for the effects of insulin on glucose production, uptake, oxidation, and nonoxidative disposal in 10 normal volunteers for 14 days before and after oral administration of triiodothyronine (T3) in doses that increased plasma T3 to levels observed in spontaneous thyrotoxicosis (P less than 0."	1.27	Effect of thyroid hormone excess on action, secretion, and metabolism of insulin in humans. ( Baker, B; Bergman, R; Dimitriadis, G; Gerich, J; Haymond, M; Mandarino, L; Marsh, H; Rizza, R, 1985)
"Drastic methods for the treatment of obesity are critically reviewed."	1.26	[Obesity: state of research and therapy]. ( Berchtold, P; Berger, M; Gries, FA; Zimmermann, H, 1980)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	4 (3.13)	18.7374
1990's	2 (1.56)	18.2507
2000's	31 (24.22)	29.6817
2010's	76 (59.38)	24.3611
2020's	15 (11.72)	2.80

Trial	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Effect of Levothyroxine on Serum Adiponectin, Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Hypothyroidism[NCT02467244]	120 participants (Actual)	Observational	2017-02-01	Completed
Longitudinal Extension Phase of Sibling Pair Linkage Analysis of Bone Mineral Density / Geometry and Sex Steroid and Thyroid Status in Healthy Young Men[NCT02997033]	709 participants (Actual)	Observational	2014-05-31	Completed
The Relationship of Adiponectin in Adipose Tissue, Thy-1 in Plaques, and Inflammatory[NCT02519257]	96 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-08-31	Completed
Evidence-Based Approach to Dietary Management of Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS)[NCT02011360]	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Article	Year
Low-normal thyroid function and novel cardiometabolic biomarkers. Nutrients, 2015, Feb-16, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carrier Proteins; Cholesterol; Female; Humans; Insulin Re	2015
Low-normal thyroid function and the pathogenesis of common cardio-metabolic disorders. European journal of clinical investigation, 2015, Volume: 45, Issue:5 Topics: Asymptomatic Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Insulin Re	2015
Hormone replacement therapy in heart failure. Current opinion in cardiology, 2015, Volume: 30, Issue:3 Topics: Androgens; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Heart Failure; Hormone Repla	2015

Article	Year
Thyroid Volume and Thyroid Function Parameters Are Independently Associated with Weight Status in Overweight Children. Hormone research in paediatrics, 2020, Volume: 93, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Body Weight; Case-Control Studies; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Insul	2020
Effect of metformin on thyroid function tests in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: an open-label randomised controlled trial. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2019, Volume: 42, Issue:12 Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Insulin Resistance;	2019
Relationships between adiponectin, sex hormone binding globulin and insulin resistance in hyperthyroid Graves' disease women. Endokrynologia Polska, 2013, Volume: 64, Issue:1 Topics: Adiponectin; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Middle Aged; Sex Hormone-Binding Gl	2013
Comparative study between the effects of replacement therapy with liquid and tablet formulations of levothyroxine on mood states, self-perceived psychological well-being and thyroid hormone profile in recently thyroidectomized patients. Endocrine, 2017, Volume: 55, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Affect; Drug Compounding; Female; Health Status; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Insulin	2017
Effects of pretreatment with dexamethasone or levothyroxine sodium on endotoxin-induced alterations in glucose and insulin dynamics in horses. American journal of veterinary research, 2010, Volume: 71, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Dexamethasone; Female; Glucocorticoids; Horses; Insulin; Insulin Resistance;	2010
Metformin treatment for small benign thyroid nodules in patients with insulin resistance. Metabolic syndrome and related disorders, 2011, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combinati	2011
The effect of soy phytoestrogen supplementation on thyroid status and cardiovascular risk markers in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2011, Volume: 96, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Over Studies; Dietar	2011
Insulin sensitivity, plasma adiponectin and sICAM-1 concentrations in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: response to levothyroxine therapy. Endocrine, 2011, Volume: 40, Issue:1 Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Choleste	2011
Thyroid function tests in obese prepubertal children: correlations with insulin sensitivity and body fat distribution. Hormone research in paediatrics, 2012, Volume: 78, Issue:2 Topics: Adiponectin; Adiposity; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Child; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance	2012
Association of elevated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 with insulin resistance in hyperthyroidism. Clinical endocrinology, 2000, Volume: 52, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Area Under Curve; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Female; Glucose To	2000

Article	Year
Independent associations of thyroid-related hormones with hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in euthyroid overweight/obese Chinese adults. BMC gastroenterology, 2021, Nov-18, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fatty Liver; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Overweight;	2021
Differences in levothyroxine action on thyroid autoimmunity and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity between metformin- and myo-inositol-treated women with autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2022, Volume: 47, Issue:10 Topics: Autoimmunity; C-Reactive Protein; Female; Glucose; Hashimoto Disease; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Inosit	2022
Thyroid Antibody Titers and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Activity in Levothyroxine-Treated Women With Autoimmune Subclinical Hypothyroidism Receiving Atorvastatin or Metformin. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2022, Volume: 62, Issue:12 Topics: Atorvastatin; C-Reactive Protein; Female; Hashimoto Disease; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reduc	2022
The effect of obesity-related allostatic changes on cardio-metabolic risk in euthyroid children. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2023, Volume: 46, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cholesterol, HDL; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Pediatric Obesity; Retrosp	2023
The relationship between papillary thyroid cancer and triglyceride/glucose index, which is an indicator of insulin resistance. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2022, Volume: 26, Issue:17 Topics: Blood Glucose; Glucose; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Retrospective Studies; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary	2022
Central and peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormones and glucose metabolism in prepubertal children with obesity: pilot multicenter evaluation. Endocrine, 2023, Volume: 80, Issue:2 Topics: Child; Glucose; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Overweight; Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome	2023
Central and peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormones and glucose metabolism in prepubertal children with obesity: pilot multicenter evaluation. Endocrine, 2023, Volume: 80, Issue:2 Topics: Child; Glucose; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Overweight; Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome	2023
Central and peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormones and glucose metabolism in prepubertal children with obesity: pilot multicenter evaluation. Endocrine, 2023, Volume: 80, Issue:2 Topics: Child; Glucose; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Overweight; Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome	2023
Central and peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormones and glucose metabolism in prepubertal children with obesity: pilot multicenter evaluation. Endocrine, 2023, Volume: 80, Issue:2 Topics: Child; Glucose; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Overweight; Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome	2023
Effects of levothyroxine replacement therapy on insulin resistance in patients with untreated primary hypothyroidism. BMC research notes, 2023, Sep-29, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Iran; Thyroxine	2023
The Effects of 8 Weeks of Levothyroxine Replacement Treatment on Metabolic and Anthropometric Indices of Insulin Resistance in Hypothyroid Patients. Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets, 2020, Volume: 20, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Hy	2020
Metabolic Dysfunction in Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices Patients and Outcomes. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2019, 11-19, Volume: 8, Issue:22 Topics: Aged; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus; Endocrine System Diseases; Euthyroid Sick Syndromes; Female; G	2019
Association of serum free thyroxine and glucose homeostasis: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The Korean journal of internal medicine, 2021, Volume: 36, Issue:Suppl 1 Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Glucose; Homeostasis; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Nutrition Surveys;	2021
Different effects of metformin on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity in levothyroxine-treated and levothyroxine-naïve women with non-autoimmune hypothyroidism. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2020, Volume: 45, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypothalamo-Hypophys	2020
Association between Thyroid Function and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Euthyroid Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Journal of diabetes research, 2020, Volume: 2020 Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Middle Aged; Non-a	2020
Lower free thyroid hormone levels are associated with high blood glucose and insulin resistance; these normalize with metabolic improvement of type 2 diabetes. Journal of diabetes, 2021, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabet	2021
Free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine (FT3/FT4) ratio is strongly associated with insulin resistance in euthyroid and hypothyroid adults: a cross-sectional study. Endokrynologia Polska, 2021, Volume: 72, Issue:1 Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Insulin Resistance; Male; Middle Aged; Risk	2021
The impact of levothyroxine on thyroid autoimmunity and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity in men with autoimmune hypothyroidism and early-onset androgenetic alopecia. Endokrynologia Polska, 2021, Volume: 72, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alopecia; Autoimmunity; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Hashimoto Disease; Humans; Hypoth	2021
Thyroid Signaling, Insulin Resistance, and 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Mendelian Randomization Study. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2017, 06-01, Volume: 102, Issue:6 Topics: Alleles; Blood Glucose; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Genetic Variation; Genome-Wid	2017
Free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine ratio rather than thyrotropin is more associated with metabolic parameters in healthy euthyroid adult subjects. Clinical endocrinology, 2017, Volume: 87, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Hum	2017
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, Degree of Obesity, and Metabolic Risk Markers in a Cohort of Swedish Children with Obesity. Hormone research in paediatrics, 2017, Volume: 88, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Ins	2017
Insulin Resistance and Glucose Levels in Subjects with Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2017, Volume: 27, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fasting; Female; Goiter, Nodular; Humans;	2017
Exposure of Pregnant Mice to Triclosan Causes Insulin Resistance via Thyroxine Reduction. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2017, Nov-01, Volume: 160, Issue:1 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes, Gestatio	2017
Reduced insulin sensitivity in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with suppressed TSH. Endocrine research, 2018, Volume: 43, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glucose Clamp Technique; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Thyroid	2018
The effect of Metformin treatment in obese insulin-resistant patients with euthyroid goiter. Acta clinica Belgica, 2018, Volume: 73, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Goiter, Nodular; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; M	2018
Association Between Thyroid Function and Development of Different Obesity Phenotypes in Euthyroid Adults: A Nine-Year Follow-Up. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2018, Volume: 28, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Middle Aged; Ob	2018
Thyroid status in premenopausal and postmenopausal women - A biochemical study on insulin resistance in non obese, overweight and obese type 2 diabetics. Diabetes & metabolic syndrome, 2018, Volume: 12, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anthropometry; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Middle Ag	2018
Cystathionine beta synthase-hydrogen sulfide system in paraventricular nucleus reduced high fatty diet induced obesity and insulin resistance by brain-adipose axis. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease, 2018, Volume: 1864, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Cystathionine beta-Synthase; Diet, High-F	2018
Association between thyroid hormone levels, body composition and insulin resistance in euthyroid subjects with normal thyroid ultrasound: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study. Clinical endocrinology, 2018, Volume: 89, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Body Composition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Middle A	2018
Heterogeneity of Thyroid Function and Impact of Peripheral Thyroxine Deiodination in Centenarians and Semi-Supercentenarians: Association With Functional Status and Mortality. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2019, 05-16, Volume: 74, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Blood Proteins; Cholesterol, HDL; Cognition; Depression; Disability	2019
Association of serum thyrotropin levels with coronary artery disease documented by quantitative coronary angiography: a transversal study. Archives of endocrinology and metabolism, 2018, Volume: 62, Issue:4 Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Cholesterol; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Stenosis; Cr	2018
High Genetic Risk Scores of ASIC2, MACROD2, CHRM3, and C2orf83 Genetic Variants Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Impair Insulin Sensitivity and Interact with Energy Intake in Korean Women. Gynecologic and obstetric investigation, 2019, Volume: 84, Issue:3 Topics: Acid Sensing Ion Channels; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cohort Studies	2019
Leptin and thyrotropin relationship is modulated by smoking status in euthyroid subjects. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Autoantibodies; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fe	2013
Low-normal free thyroxine confers decreased serum bilirubin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Antioxidants; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Atherosclerosis; Bilirubin; Cholesterol; Diabetes M	2013
Involvement of heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfation in the regulation of energy metabolism and the alteration of thyroid hormone levels in male mice. Glycobiology, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:8 Topics: Adipocytes, Brown; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Age Factors; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Energy Metabolism;	2013
Association between thyroid hormones and body fat in euthyroid subjects. Clinical endocrinology, 2014, Volume: 80, Issue:4 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Ins	2014
Leptin ameliorates insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in Agpat2-/- lipodystrophic mice independent of hepatocyte leptin receptors. Journal of lipid research, 2014, Volume: 55, Issue:2 Topics: 1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase; Animals; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcr	2014
Intergenerational effects of prenatal ethanol on glucose tolerance and insulin response. Physiological genomics, 2014, Mar-01, Volume: 46, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Ethanol; Female; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders; Glucose Tole	2014
The relationship of the anti-oxidant bilirubin with free thyroxine is modified by insulin resistance in euthyroid subjects. PloS one, 2014, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Antioxidants; Bilirubin; Biological Transport; Female; Humans; Insulin; In	2014
Thyroid hormone levels in obese children and adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology, 2014, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Child; Fatty Liver; Female; Follow-Up S	2014
Insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and chronic low grade inflammation in Sheehan's syndrome on standard replacement therapy: a case control study. Pituitary, 2015, Volume: 18, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Diseas	2015
Serum free thyroxine concentration is associated with metabolic syndrome in euthyroid subjects. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2014, Volume: 24, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Iran;	2014
Postnatal exposure to a high-carbohydrate diet interferes epigenetically with thyroid hormone receptor induction of the adult male rat skeletal muscle glucose transporter isoform 4 expression. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 2014, Volume: 25, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cells, Cultured; CpG Islands; CREB-Binding Protein; Dietary Carbohydrates	2014
Effects of levothyroxine treatment on insulin sensitivity, endothelial function and risk factors of atherosclerosis in hypothyroid women. Annales d'endocrinologie, 2014, Volume: 75, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Atherosclerosis; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Glucose Clamp Technique; Humans;	2014
Thyroid function in obese children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology, 2014, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Child; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin	2014
Hypothyroidism associated with acromegaly and insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus in a Samoyed. Australian veterinary journal, 2014, Volume: 92, Issue:11 Topics: Acromegaly; Animals; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Growth Hormone;	2014
The effect of metformin on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with type 2 diabetes and subclinical hyperthyroidism. Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association, 2015, Volume: 123, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypogl	2015
Brown Adipose Tissue Transplantation Reverses Obesity in Ob/Ob Mice. Endocrinology, 2015, Volume: 156, Issue:7 Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Energy Metabolis	2015
The association of autoimmune thyroiditis and non-functional adrenal incidentalomas with insulin resistance. Archives of endocrinology and metabolism, 2015, Volume: 59, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Aged; Autoantibodies; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Cholesterol, HDL	2015
Are there any causes for increased thyroid volume in women with prolactinoma? Annales d'endocrinologie, 2015, Volume: 76, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Autoantibodies; Estradiol; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I;	2015
Frequency of isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus in a moderately iodine-deficient area. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, 2015, Volume: 31, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Incidence; Insulin; Ins	2015
Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance index, leptin and thyroid hormone levels in the general population of Merida (Venezuela). Investigacion clinica, 2015, Volume: 56, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Leptin; Male; Metabolic Syndrome	2015
Maternal hypothyroxinaemia in pregnancy is associated with obesity and adverse maternal metabolic parameters. European journal of endocrinology, 2016, Volume: 174, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Female; Gestational Age; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypo	2016
The effect of metformin on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with type 2 diabetes and amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism. Pharmacological reports : PR, 2016, Volume: 68, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Amiodarone; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Hypothy	2016
Thyroid Function in Obese Children and Adolescents and Its Association with Anthropometric and Metabolic Parameters. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2016, Volume: 912 Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Lipids; Ma	2016
Effects of thyrotrophin, thyroid hormones and thyroid antibodies on metabolic parameters in a euthyroid population with obesity. Clinical endocrinology, 2016, Volume: 85, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Autoantibodies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance	2016
FT3/FT4 ratio predicts non-alcoholic fatty liver disease independent of metabolic parameters in patients with euthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 2016, Volume: 71, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cholesterol; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Insulin Resistance; Male; Metabolic	2016
Thyrotropin Levels Are Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Euthyroid Adolescents. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2016, Volume: 26, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dys	2016
Effects of thyroid hormone withdrawal on metabolic and cardiovascular parameters during radioactive iodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer. The Journal of international medical research, 2017, Volume: 45, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Cystatin C; Drug Admin	2017
Improving efficacy of the adjustable gastric band: studies of the use of adjuvant approaches in a rodent model. Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery, 2017, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Adipose Tissue, Brown; Animals; Anti-Obesity Agents; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Body Fat Distr	2017
The relationship between thyroid function and metabolic changes in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, 2017, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Apolipoproteins A; Apolipoproteins B; Body Mass Index; China; Cholesterol; Female; Follicle S	2017
High dose of radioactive iodine per se has no effect on glucose metabolism in thyroidectomized rats. Endocrine, 2017, Volume: 56, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Glucose Tolerance Test; Insulin; Insulin Resistance	2017
Change of visfatin, C-reactive protein concentrations, and insulin sensitivity in patients with hyperthyroidism. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2008, Volume: 57, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Carbimazole; Cytokines; Female; Graves	2008
Factors related to clinical hypothyroid severity in thyroid cancer patients after thyroid hormone withdrawal. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2009, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular; Cholesterol; Female; Homeostasis; Humans;	2009
High isoflavone soy diet increases insulin secretion without decreasing insulin sensitivity in premenopausal nonhuman primates. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 2008, Volume: 28, Issue:6 Topics: Adiponectin; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol, HDL; Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Fe	2008
Thyroid stimulating hormone is associated with metabolic syndrome in euthyroid postmenopausal women. Maturitas, 2009, Mar-20, Volume: 62, Issue:3 Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female	2009
Childhood craniopharyngioma: greater hypothalamic involvement before surgery is associated with higher homeostasis model insulin resistance index. BMC pediatrics, 2009, Apr-02, Volume: 9 Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Child, Preschool; Craniopharyngioma; Female; Ghrelin; Homeostasis;	2009
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a and insulin resistance in a child. Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2009, Volume: 5, Issue:6 Topics: Child, Preschool; Female; Growth Hormone; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Pseudohypoparathyroidism; Thyr	2009
Acute thyroid hormone withdrawal in athyreotic patients results in a state of insulin resistance. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2009, Volume: 19, Issue:6 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Medullary; Carcinoma, Papillary; Female; Glucose Tolerance Te	2009
Circulating adiponectin concentrations were related to free thyroxine levels in thyroid cancer patients after thyroid hormone withdrawal. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2010, Volume: 59, Issue:2 Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Iodine Ra	2010
Weight loss through gastric banding: effects on TSH and thyroid hormones in obese subjects with normal thyroid function. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2010, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Bariatric Surgery; Case-Control Studies; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Female; Humans; Insul	2010
Thyroid function and insulin sensitivity before and after bilio-pancreatic diversion. Obesity surgery, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Biliopancreatic Diversion; Body Composition; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Insulin Resistan	2010
Relationship of thyroid function with body mass index and insulin-resistance in euthyroid obese subjects. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2010, Volume: 33, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Middle Aged; Obesi	2010
TSH and free thyroxine concentrations are associated with differing metabolic markers in euthyroid subjects. European journal of endocrinology, 2010, Volume: 163, Issue:2 Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Hu	2010
Investigations of thyroid hormones and antibodies in obesity: leptin levels are associated with thyroid autoimmunity independent of bioanthropometric, hormonal, and weight-related determinants. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2010, Volume: 95, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Autoantibodies; Autoimmunity; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body W	2010
Relationship between metabolic parameters and thyroid hormones and the level of gastric peptides in children with autoimmune thyroid diseases. Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM, 2010, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Female; Ghrelin; Goiter; Graves Disease; Hashimoto Disease; Humans	2010
Thyroid hormones are positively associated with insulin resistance early in the development of type 2 diabetes. Endocrine, 2011, Volume: 39, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Food; Glucose Intolerance; Humans;	2011
Relationships between thyroid function and lipid status or insulin resistance in a pediatric population. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholesterol; Fasting; H	2010
Relative hypoadiponectinemia, insulin resistance, and increased visceral fat in euthyroid prepubertal girls with low-normal serum free thyroxine. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2012, Volume: 20, Issue:7 Topics: Adiponectin; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Gene Expression Reg	2012
The association of insulin resistance with subclinical thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2011, Volume: 21, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Argentina; Asymptomatic Diseases; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose	2011
Lower free thyroxin associates with a less favorable metabolic phenotype in healthy pregnant women. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2011, Volume: 96, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Phenotype; Pregnancy; Thyroid Fu	2011
Insulin resistance in nodular thyroid disease. Endocrine research, 2011, Volume: 36, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Logistic Models; Male; Mid	2011
Plasma testosterone in adult normoglycaemic men: impact of hyperinsulinaemia. Andrologia, 2012, Volume: 44, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hydroc	2012
Effect of neonatal hypothyroidism on carbohydrate metabolism, insulin secretion, and pancreatic islets morphology of adult male offspring in rats. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2013, Volume: 36, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Glucose; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female	2013
Relationship of thyroid function with obesity and type 2 diabetes in euthyroid Tunisian subjects. Endocrine research, 2013, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; Metabol	2013
Relation with HOMA-IR and thyroid hormones in obese Turkish women with metabolic syndrome. Eating and weight disorders : EWD, 2012, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Autoantibodies; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Cross-Sectional Studies;	2012
Metabolic changes enhance the cardiovascular risk with differentiated thyroid carcinoma--a case control study from Manipal Teaching Hospital of Nepal. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2012, Volume: 13, Issue:5 Topics: Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Cell Differentiation; Female; Humans; Ins	2012
Fatty acid amide hydrolase ablation promotes ectopic lipid storage and insulin resistance due to centrally mediated hypothyroidism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012, Sep-11, Volume: 109, Issue:37 Topics: Amides; Amidohydrolases; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Arachidonic Acids; Chromatography, Liquid; E	2012
Body composition and metabolic parameters are associated with variation in thyroid hormone levels among euthyroid young men. European journal of endocrinology, 2012, Volume: 167, Issue:5 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Biomarkers; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Carrier Proteins; Confounding	2012
Hyperuricemia in hypothyroidism: is it associated with post-insulin infusion glycemic response? The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 2003, Volume: 199, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Antithyroid Agents; Creatinine; Erythrocytes; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Hypothyroidism; Insuli	2003
Novel interactions of adiponectin with the endocrine system and inflammatory parameters. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2003, Volume: 88, Issue:6 Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Antigens, CD; Body Constitution; Endocrine System; Female; Humans; Hydroco	2003
Is serum leptin level regulated by thyroid functions, lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome? Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, 2003, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Choleste	2003
Adiponectin levels are reduced in children born small for gestational age and are inversely related to postnatal catch-up growth. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2004, Volume: 89, Issue:3 Topics: Adiponectin; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Small for Gestational	2004
Portal and peripheral cortisol levels in obese humans. Diabetologia, 2004, Volume: 47, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Diabetes Complications; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Insulin; Insulin	2004
Plasma homocysteine levels in polycystic ovary syndrome and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Endocrine journal, 2004, Volume: 51, Issue:6 Topics: Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital; Adult; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Estradiol; Female; Follicle Stim	2004
Hypothyroidism in rats decreases peripheral glucose utilisation, a defect partially corrected by central leptin infusion. Diabetologia, 2005, Volume: 48, Issue:4 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; Energy Metabolism; Fatty A	2005
Relationship of thyroid function with body mass index, leptin, insulin sensitivity and adiponectin in euthyroid obese women. Clinical endocrinology, 2005, Volume: 62, Issue:4 Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Inter	2005
[Insulin resistance assessed with HOMA-IR in hyperthyroid patients]. Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego, 2005, Volume: 19, Issue:113 Topics: Body Mass Index; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Insulin; Insuli	2005
Hyperthyroidism is associated with higher plasma endothelin-1 concentrations. Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 2006, Volume: 231, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Case-Control Studies; Endothelin-1; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Insul	2006
Thyroid function is intrinsically linked to insulin sensitivity and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in healthy euthyroid subjects. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2006, Volume: 91, Issue:9 Topics: Brachial Artery; Cholesterol, HDL; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Endothelium-Dependent Re	2006
Obesity is associated with altered metabolic and reproductive activity in the mare: effects of metformin on insulin sensitivity and reproductive cyclicity. Reproduction, fertility, and development, 2006, Volume: 18, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Breeding; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Estrous Cycle; Female; Food Deprivation; Horse	2006
Thyroid function is associated with components of the metabolic syndrome in euthyroid subjects. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2007, Volume: 92, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Female; Homeostasis; Human	2007
The Asp727Glu polymorphism in the TSH receptor is associated with insulin resistance in healthy elderly men. Clinical endocrinology, 2007, Volume: 66, Issue:6 Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Gene Frequency	2007
Lipoprotein alterations, hepatic lipase activity, and insulin sensitivity in subclinical hypothyroidism: response to L-T(4) treatment. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2007, Volume: 17, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Cholesterol, LDL; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Insulin Resistance; Lipase; Lipoprote	2007
Carotid artery intima media thickness is inversely related to serum free thyroxine in euthyroid subjects. Clinical endocrinology, 2007, Volume: 67, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Atherosclerosis; Autoantibodies; C-Reactive Protein; Carotid Arterie	2007
Comparative effectiveness of carvedilol and propranolol on glycemic control and insulin resistance associated with L-thyroxin-induced hyperthyroidism--an experimental study. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2007, Volume: 85, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Appetite; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Body	2007
Obesity increases free thyroxine proportionally to nonesterified fatty acid concentrations in adult neutered female cats. The Journal of endocrinology, 2007, Volume: 194, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Cats; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; I	2007
Altered distribution of adiponectin isoforms in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS): association with insulin sensitivity and circulating satiety peptide hormones. Clinical endocrinology, 2007, Volume: 67, Issue:6 Topics: Adiponectin; Adolescent; Child; Female; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Ghrelin; Humans; Insulin; In	2007
Thyroid hormones and their relation to weight status. Hormone research, 2008, Volume: 70, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Anorexia Nervosa; Body Weight; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resis	2008
[Obesity: state of research and therapy]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1980, Mar-29, Volume: 110, Issue:13 Topics: Diet, Reducing; Energy Metabolism; Exercise Therapy; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Motiv	1980
Correlation of plasma free thyroxine levels with insulin sensitivity and metabolic clearance rate of insulin in patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 1995, Volume: 34, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Female; Glucose Clamp Technique; Graves Disease; Humans; Inf	1995
Insulin resistance in three dogs with hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1993, May-01, Volume: 202, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Hypothyroidism; Insul	1993
Sex hormone-binding globulin as a marker for hyperinsulinemia and/or insulin resistance in obese children. European journal of endocrinology, 2000, Volume: 143, Issue:1 Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Estradiol; Female; Humans; Hyperinsulinism; Insul	2000
Associations of leptin, insulin resistance and thyroid function with long-term weight loss in dieting obese men. Journal of internal medicine, 2000, Volume: 248, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Behavior Therapy; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Diet, Reducing; Energy Meta	2000
The antipsychotic drug sulpiride does not affect bodyweight in male rats. Is insulin resistance involved? European journal of pharmacology, 2002, Jun-28, Volume: 447, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Weight; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; Dopamine; Dose-Response	2002
[A 58-year-old type-II diabetic patient with severe insulin resistance]. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 1987, Sep-11, Volume: 99, Issue:17 Topics: Autoantibodies; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Insulin	1987
Effect of thyroid hormone excess on action, secretion, and metabolism of insulin in humans. The American journal of physiology, 1985, Volume: 248, Issue:5 Pt 1 Topics: Adult; Basal Metabolism; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Humans; Hyp	1985
Thyroid function in acromegaly. Lancet (London, England), 1971, Aug-07, Volume: 2, Issue:7719 Topics: Acromegaly; Adenoma, Chromophobe; Adult; Antibodies; Complement Fixation Tests; Fasting; Female; Goi	1971

thyroxine and Insulin Resistance

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (128)

Authors

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Authors	Studies
Ma, D	1
Zeng, J	1
Huang, B	2
Yan, F	1
Ye, J	1
Chen, Y	1
Zeng, X	1
Zheng, X	1
Xiao, F	1
Lin, M	1
Liu, C	1
Li, Z	1
Krysiak, R	6
Kowalcze, K	4
Okopień, B	6
Tropeano, A	1
Corica, D	3
Curatola, S	3
Li Pomi, A	1
Casto, C	1
Alibrandi, A	3
Pepe, G	1
Aversa, T	3
Wasniewska, M	3
Alkurt, EG	1
Şahin, F	1
Tutan, B	1
Canal, K	1
Turhan, VB	1
Licenziati, MR	2
Calcaterra, V	2
Currò, M	2
Di Mento, C	2
Zuccotti, G	2
Ientile, R	2
Ostadrahimi, A	1
Manzari, T	1
Gohari-Lasaki, S	1
Tutunchi, H	1
Mobasseri, M	1
Sadra, V	1
Najafipour, F	1
Pasandideh, R	1
Hosseini, SM	1
Veghari, G	1
Hezarkhani, S	1
Nguyen, AB	1
Imamura, T	2
Besser, S	1
Rodgers, D	1
Chung, B	1
Raikhelkar, J	1
Kalantari, S	1
Smith, B	1
Sarswat, N	1
LaBuhn, C	1
Jeevanandam, V	1
Kim, G	1
Sayer, G	1
Uriel, N	1
Ha, J	1
Lee, J	1
Lim, DJ	1
Lee, JM	1
Chang, SA	1
Kang, MI	1
Kim, MH	1
Yang, S	1
Ye, S	1
Gu, L	1
Yang, J	2
Gong, Y	1
Ma, Y	1
Yan, S	1
Huang, Y	2
Wang, Y	1
Peng, Y	1
Lass, N	1
Barth, A	1
Reinehr, T	2
Štěpánek, L	2
Horáková, D	1
Janout, V	1
Janoutová, J	1
Bouchalová, K	1
Martiník, K	1
Marek, B	2
Bos, MM	1
Smit, RAJ	1
Trompet, S	1
van Heemst, D	1
Noordam, R	1
Park, SY	1
Park, SE	2
Jung, SW	1
Jin, HS	2
Park, IB	1
Ahn, SV	1
Lee, S	1
Lundbäck, V	1
Ekbom, K	1
Hagman, E	1
Dahlman, I	1
Marcus, C	1
Khan, SH	1
Fazal, N	1
Ijaz, A	1
Manzoor, SM	1
Asif, N	1
Rafi, T	1
Yasir, M	1
Niazi, NK	1
Hua, X	1
Cao, XY	1
Wang, XL	1
Sun, P	1
Chen, L	1
De Melo, TG	1
Souza, AL	1
Ficher, E	1
Fernandes, AM	1
Montali Da Assumpção, LV	1
Monte Alegre, S	1
Zantut-Wittmann, DE	1
Răcătăianu, N	1
Bolboacă, SD	1
Sitar-Tăut, AV	1
Mârza, S	1
Moga, D	1
Valea, A	1
Ghervan, C	1
Amouzegar, A	2
Kazemian, E	1
Abdi, H	1
Mansournia, MA	1
Bakhtiyari, M	1
Hosseini, MS	1
Azizi, F	3
Jayanthi, R	1
Srinivasan, AR	1
Niranjan, G	1
Zheng, F	1
Han, J	1
Lu, H	1
Cui, C	1
Cui, Q	1
Cai, J	1
Zhou, Y	1
Tang, C	1
Xu, G	1
Geng, B	1
Kwon, H	1
Cho, JH	1
Lee, DY	1
Park, CY	1
Lee, WY	1
Oh, KW	1
Park, SW	1
Rhee, EJ	1
Ostan, R	1
Monti, D	1
Mari, D	1
Arosio, B	1
Gentilini, D	1
Ferri, E	1
Passarino, G	1
De Rango, F	1
D'Aquila, P	1
Mariotti, S	1
Pasquali, R	1
Fanelli, F	1
Bucci, L	1
Franceschi, C	1
Vitale, G	1
Ortolani, PD	1
Romaldini, JH	1
Guerra, RA	1
Portes, ES	1
Meireles, GCX	1
Pimenta, J	1
Kim, SH	2
Liu, M	1
Park, S	1
Palui, R	1
Sahoo, J	1
Kamalanathan, S	1
Kar, SS	1
Sridharan, K	1
Durgia, H	1
Raj, H	1
Patil, M	1
Siemińska, L	1
Foltyn, W	1
Głogowska-Szeląg, J	1
Kajdaniuk, D	1
Nowak, M	1
Walczak, K	1
Kos-Kudła, B	1
Lucas, A	1
Granada, ML	1
Olaizola, I	1
Castell, C	1
Julián, MT	1
Pellitero, S	1
Roca, J	1
Puig-Domingo, M	1
Deetman, PE	2
Kwakernaak, AJ	2
Bakker, SJ	3
Dullaart, RP	5
Nagai, N	1
Habuchi, H	1
Sugaya, N	1
Nakamura, M	1
Watanabe, H	1
Kimata, K	1
Ren, R	1
Jiang, X	1
Zhang, X	1
Guan, Q	1
Yu, C	1
Li, Y	2
Gao, L	1
Zhang, H	1
Zhao, J	1
Cortés, VA	1
Cautivo, KM	1
Rong, S	1
Garg, A	1
Horton, JD	1
Agarwal, AK	1
Harper, KM	1
Tunc-Ozcan, E	1
Graf, EN	1
Redei, EE	1
Navis, G	1
Torun, E	1
Özgen, IT	1
Gökçe, S	1
Aydın, S	1
Cesur, Y	1
Bhat, MA	1
Laway, BA	1
Shah, ZA	1
Wani, AI	1
Mubarik, I	1
Mehran, L	1
Tohidi, M	1
Moayedi, M	1
Raychaudhuri, N	1
Thamotharan, S	1
Srinivasan, M	1
Mahmood, S	1
Patel, MS	1
Devaskar, SU	1
Deyneli, O	1
Akpınar, IN	1
Meriçliler, OS	1
Gözü, H	1
Yıldız, ME	1
Akalın, NS	1
Bilgin, H	1
Pirgon, Ö	1
Johnstone, T	1
Terzo, E	1
Mooney, CT	1
Szkrobka, W	2
van Tienhoven-Wind, LJ	2
Arcopinto, M	1
Salzano, A	1
Isgaard, J	1
Cittadini, A	1
Liu, X	1
Wang, S	1
You, Y	1
Meng, M	1
Zheng, Z	1
Dong, M	1
Lin, J	1
Zhao, Q	1
Zhang, C	1
Yuan, X	1
Hu, T	1
Liu, L	1
Zhang, L	2
Wang, D	1
Zhan, J	1
Jong Lee, H	1
Speakman, JR	1
Jin, W	1
Karakose, M	1
Karbek, B	1
Sahin, M	3
Arslan, MS	1
Topaloglu, O	1
Erden, G	1
Demirci, T	1
Calıskan, M	1
Delibasi, T	1
Doğan, BA	1
Taşcı, T	1
Arduç, A	1
Müslüm Tuna, M	1
Berker, D	1
Güler, S	1
Oguz, A	1
Tuzun, D	1
Usluogullari, AC	1
Usluogullari, B	1
Celik, A	1
Gul, K	1
Uzcátegui, E	1
Valery, L	1
Uzcátegui, L	1
Gómez Pérez, R	1
Marquina, D	1
Baptista, T	2
Knight, BA	1
Shields, BM	1
Hattersley, AT	1
Vaidya, B	1
Gilowska, M	1
Rumińska, M	1
Witkowska-Sędek, E	1
Majcher, A	1
Pyrżak, B	1
Temizkan, S	1
Balaforlou, B	1
Ozderya, A	1
Avci, M	1
Aydin, K	1
Karaman, S	1
Sargin, M	1
Gökmen, FY	1
Ahbab, S	1
Ataoğlu, HE	1
Türker, BÇ	1
Çetin, F	1
Türker, F	1
Mamaç, RY	1
Yenigün, M	1
Lombardi, CP	1
Bocale, R	1
Barini, A	2
D'Amore, A	1
Boscherini, M	1
Bellantone, R	1
Le, TN	1
Celi, FS	2
Wickham, EP	1
An, JH	1
Song, KH	1
Kim, DL	1
Kim, SK	1
Stefanidis, A	1
Man Lee, CC	1
Brown, WA	1
Oldfield, BJ	1
Yin, D	1
Ruan, X	1
Tian, X	1
Du, J	1
Zhao, Y	1
Cui, Y	1
Mueck, AO	1
Samadi, R	1
Ghanbari, M	1
Shafiei, B	1
Gheibi, S	1
Ghasemi, A	2
Chu, CH	2
Lee, JK	2
Wang, MC	2
Lu, CC	2
Sun, CC	2
Chuang, MJ	2
Lam, HC	2
Huang, SC	2
Wu, VC	1
Lin, SY	2
Sheu, WH	2
Song, YM	1
Lin, YH	1
Wu, CC	1
Chang, WD	1
Kavanagh, K	1
Jones, KL	1
Flynn, DM	1
Shadoan, MK	1
Wagner, JD	1
Park, HT	1
Cho, GJ	1
Ahn, KH	1
Shin, JH	1
Hong, SC	1
Kim, T	1
Hur, JY	1
Kim, YT	1
Lee, KW	1
Trivin, C	1
Busiah, K	1
Mahlaoui, N	1
Recasens, C	1
Souberbielle, JC	1
Zerah, M	1
Sainte-Rose, C	1
Brauner, R	1
Nwosu, BU	1
Lee, MM	1
Brenta, G	3
Pisarev, M	1
Schnitman, M	2
Sinay, I	2
Arias, P	2
Dall'Asta, C	1
Paganelli, M	1
Morabito, A	1
Vedani, P	1
Barbieri, M	1
Paolisso, G	1
Folli, F	1
Pontiroli, AE	1
Gniuli, D	1
Leccesi, L	1
Guidone, C	1
Iaconelli, A	1
Chiellini, C	1
Manto, A	1
Castagneto, M	1
Ghirlanda, G	1
Mingrone, G	1
Tóth, F	1
Frank, N	1
Geor, RJ	1
Boston, RC	1
Ambrosi, B	1
Masserini, B	1
Iorio, L	1
Delnevo, A	1
Malavazos, AE	1
Morricone, L	1
Sburlati, LF	1
Orsi, E	1
Garduño-Garcia, Jde J	1
Alvirde-Garcia, U	1
López-Carrasco, G	1
Padilla Mendoza, ME	1
Mehta, R	1
Arellano-Campos, O	1
Choza, R	1
Sauque, L	1
Garay-Sevilla, ME	1
Malacara, JM	1
Gomez-Perez, FJ	1
Aguilar-Salinas, CA	1
Marzullo, P	1
Minocci, A	1
Tagliaferri, MA	1
Guzzaloni, G	1
Di Blasio, A	1
De Medici, C	1
Aimaretti, G	1
Liuzzi, A	1
Sawicka, B	1
Bossowski, A	1
Szalecki, M	1
Wysoka, J	1
Koput, A	1
Zelazowska-Rutkowska, B	1
Tobolczyk, J	1
Rogowski, F	1
Łuba, M	1
Lambadiari, V	1
Mitrou, P	1
Maratou, E	1
Raptis, AE	1
Tountas, N	1
Raptis, SA	1
Dimitriadis, G	2
Nader, NS	1
Bahn, RS	1
Johnson, MD	1
Weaver, AL	1
Singh, R	1
Kumar, S	1
Rezzónico, J	2
Rezzónico, M	2
Pusiol, E	2
Pitoia, F	1
Niepomniszcze, H	2
Sathyapalan, T	1
Manuchehri, AM	1
Thatcher, NJ	1
Rigby, AS	1
Chapman, T	1
Kilpatrick, ES	1
Atkin, SL	1
Kowalska, I	1
Borawski, J	1
Nikołajuk, A	1
Budlewski, T	1
Otziomek, E	1
Górska, M	1
Strączkowski, M	1
Prats-Puig, A	2
Sitjar, C	1
Ribot, R	1
Calvo, M	1
Clausell-Pomés, N	1
Soler-Roca, M	1
Soriano-Rodríguez, P	2
Osiniri, I	1
Ros-Miquel, M	1
Bassols, J	2
de Zegher, F	2
Ibáñez, L	2
López-Bermejo, A	4
Alberto, M	1
García-González, MM	1
Reid, J	1
Martínez-Pascual, M	1
Mateos-Comerón, F	1
Yasar, HY	1
Ertuğrul, O	1
Ertuğrul, B	1
Ertuğrul, D	1
Praveen, EP	1
Khurana, ML	1
Kulshreshtha, B	1
Dwivedi, SN	1
Prabhakaran, D	1
Khadgawat, R	1
Gupta, N	1
Kumar, G	1
Ammini, AC	1
Farahani, H	1
Roghani, M	1
Zahediasl, S	1
Kouidhi, S	1
Berhouma, R	1
Ammar, M	1
Rouissi, K	1
Jarboui, S	1
Clerget-Froidevaux, MS	1
Seugnet, I	1
Abid, H	1
Bchir, F	1
Demeneix, B	1
Guissouma, H	1
Elgaaied, AB	1
Topsakal, S	1
Yerlikaya, E	1
Akin, F	1
Kaptanoglu, B	1
Erürker, T	1
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Pandeya, DR	1
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Brown, WH	1
Gillum, MP	1
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Camporez, JP	1
Zhang, XM	1
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Zmierczak, HG	1
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