Page last updated: 2024-10-24

cell-cell junction assembly

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a junction between cells. [GOC:ai]

Cell-cell junction assembly is a fundamental biological process that allows cells to adhere to each other, forming tissues and organs. This intricate process involves a series of coordinated events, starting with the initial recognition and interaction between adjacent cells.

The process begins with the engagement of transmembrane adhesion molecules, such as cadherins and integrins, located on the cell surface. These molecules bind to their respective counterparts on neighboring cells, triggering a cascade of intracellular signaling events.

As adhesion molecules cluster together, they recruit adaptor proteins and cytoskeletal components, such as actin and microtubules, to the site of contact. This assembly of proteins forms a complex network that provides structural support and stability to the junction.

The organization of the cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in shaping the junctions and mediating their dynamics. Actin filaments, for example, contribute to the formation of adherens junctions, which are essential for cell-cell adhesion.

The assembly of cell-cell junctions is tightly regulated by a complex interplay of signaling pathways. Signaling molecules, such as growth factors and cytokines, can influence the expression and activity of adhesion molecules, thereby modulating junction formation.

In addition to structural integrity, cell-cell junctions also play important roles in cell communication and signal transduction. They provide channels for the passage of ions, nutrients, and signaling molecules between cells, facilitating coordinated cell behavior and tissue function.

Furthermore, cell-cell junctions contribute to the establishment and maintenance of tissue polarity, ensuring the proper organization and function of cells within a tissue. They also play a critical role in regulating cell growth and differentiation.

The assembly of cell-cell junctions is a highly dynamic process, with junctions constantly forming, remodeling, and breaking down in response to developmental cues, environmental changes, and cellular needs. This dynamic nature allows tissues to adapt to changing conditions and maintain their integrity.'
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Proteins (5)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Cadherin-1A cadherin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P12830]Homo sapiens (human)
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4A transient receptor potential cation channel TRPV4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:Q9HBA0]Homo sapiens (human)
Bile acid receptorA bile acid receptor that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q96RI1]Homo sapiens (human)
Histone deacetylase 7A histone deacetylase 7 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8WUI4]Homo sapiens (human)
FascinA fascin that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q16658]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (139)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
gamma-aminobutyric acidgamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid
human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
butyric acidbutyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.

butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.

Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.
fatty acid 4:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid
human urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
benzbromaronebenzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.

Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.
1-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone
uricosuric drug
cannabinolCannabinol: A physiologically inactive constituent of Cannabis sativa L.dibenzopyran
celecoxiborganofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ci 994tacedinaline : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid with one of the amino groups of 1,2-phenylenediamine. An oral cytostatic drug with impressive differential activity against leukemic cells and normal stem-cells. Also used in combination therapy for selected tumors including non-smoll cell lung, pancreatic, breast, and colorectal cancers.

tacedinaline: oral cytostatic drug with impressive differential activity against leukemic cells & normal stem-cells
acetamides;
benzamides;
substituted aniline
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
clioquinol5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.
monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
clotrimazoleconazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
valproic acidvalproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.

Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.
branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
felodipinefelodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.

Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.
dichlorobenzene;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
fluconazolefluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.

Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.
conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug
environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flutrimazoleflutrimazole : An imidazole antifungal agent that is imidazole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,4'-difluorotrityl group. A topical antifungal agent which displays potent broad-spectrum in vitro activity against dermatophytes, filamentous fungi and yeasts.imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monofluorobenzenes
EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor
loratadineloratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.

Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.
benzocycloheptapyridine;
ethyl ester;
N-acylpiperidine;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide
anti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist
4-(dimethylamino)-n-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide4-(dimethylamino)-N-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide: structure in first source

4-(dimethylamino)-N-[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid with the amino group of 7-amino-N-hydroxyheptanamide. It is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several human cancer cell lines.
benzamides;
hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
entinostatbenzamides;
carbamate ester;
primary amino compound;
pyridines;
substituted aniline
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
nimodipinenimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.

Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.
2-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
4-phenylbutyric acid4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.

4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd
monocarboxylic acidantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug
pomiferinpomiferin: structure in first sourceisoflavanones
ono 1078pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonistchromones
pyroxamidearomatic amide
raloxifeneraloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.1-benzothiophenes;
aromatic ketone;
N-oxyethylpiperidine;
phenols
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
scriptaidscriptide: provokes translocation of GLUT4 to increase glucose uptake; structure in first sourceisoquinolines
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium saltsodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.organic sodium saltEC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
orphan drug;
prodrug
fenofibratebenzochromenone;
delta-lactone;
naphtho-alpha-pyrone
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
Sir2 inhibitor
imatinibaromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorinostatvorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).

Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.
dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
sulconazole1-{2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}-1H-imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a (4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanediyl group while a second is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group.

sulconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sulconazole. An antifungal agent with activity against Candida species, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.

sulconazole: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure given in first source
dichlorobenzene;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
organic sulfide
thyroxinethyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.

Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.
2-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine;
thyroxine zwitterion
antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
lithocholic acidlithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.

lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.

Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acidchenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.

chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.

Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
benzohydroxamic acid
acetylcysteineN-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid
antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
glycochenodeoxycholic acidglycochenodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.

glycochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component.

Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.
bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
camptothecinNSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first sourcedelta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
cannabichromene1-benzopyran
ursodeoxycholic acidursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.

ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.

Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
salvinsalvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae)abietane diterpenoid;
carbotricyclic compound;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid
angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
food preservative;
HIV protease inhibitor;
plant metabolite
toxoflavintoxoflavin : A pyrimidotriazine that is 1,6-dimethyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine with oxo groups at positions 5 and 7.

toxoflavin: azapteridine antibiotic; structure
carbonyl compound;
pyrimidotriazine
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
toxin;
virulence factor;
Wnt signalling inhibitor
(6ar-trans)-isomer of tetrahydrocannabivarin 9
osajinosajin: from Maclura pomiferaisoflavanones
fulvestrantfulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.

Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide
antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
6-hydroxydopa6-hydroxydopa: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designationnon-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
ly 255283LY 255283: structure given in UD; leukotriene B4 antagonistaromatic ketone
nbi 27914dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
lapatinibfurans;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
cholic acidcholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.

Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.
12alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
deoxycholic aciddeoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.

Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid
human blood serum metabolite
n-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetamideN-hydroxy-2,2-diphenylacetamide: a class IIa HDAC inhibitor; structure in first source
cercosporincercosporin : An organic heterohexacyclic compound that is perylo[1,12-def][1,3]dioxepine-6,11-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 12, by methoxy groups at positions 7 and 10, and by 2-hydroxypropyl groups at positions 8 and 9 (the R,R-stereoisomer). It is a phytotoxin which was first isolated from the pathogenic soybean fungus, Cercospora kikuchii and later found in multiple members of the genus Cercospora.

cercosporin: phyytotoxin from Cercospora beticola Sacc; posses photodynamic action on mice, bacteria & plants
taurochenodeoxycholic acidtaurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.

taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.

Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.
bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
trapoxin atrapoxin B: from Helicoma ambiens; structure given in first source
e-z cinnamic acidcinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.

trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid
cinnamic acidplant metabolite
trichostatin atrichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCESantibiotic antifungal agent;
hydroxamic acid;
trichostatin
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol(R,R)-5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-2,8-chrysenediol : A carbotetracyclic compound that is 5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 8 and by ethyl groups at positions 5 and 11 (the 5R,11R-stereoisomer). It is an agonist of ER-alpha and antagonist of ER-beta receptors.

5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol: estrogen receptor ligand; structure in first source
carbotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol
estrogen receptor agonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent
obeticholic acidobeticholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is chenodeoxycholic acid carrying an additional ethyl substituent at the 6alpha-position. A semi-synthetic bile acid which acts as a farnesoid X receptor agonist and is used for treatment of primary biliary cholangitis.

obeticholic acid: A farnesoid X receptor agonist and anticholestatic agent that is used in the treatment of chronic liver diseases; structure in first source.
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid
farnesoid X receptor agonist;
hepatoprotective agent
t0901317T0901317: an LXRalpha and LXRbeta agonist
6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin substituted at position 6 by a bromo group and in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.

6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime: structure in first source
sch-202676SCH-202676: An allosteric modulator of both agonist and antagonist binding to G protein-coupled receptors; structure in first source
caffeic acidtrans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
curcumincurcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.

Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.
aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol
anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
hc 0300312-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl)-N-(4-isopropylphenyl)acetamide: a TRPA1 channel blocker
chlorogenic acidcaffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source

chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.
cinnamate ester;
tannin
food component;
plant metabolite
hc-067047HC-067047: a TRPA1 antagonist; structure in first source
zd 6474CH 331: structure in first sourcearomatic ether;
organobromine compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines;
secondary amine
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
desmethylanethol trithionedesmethylanethol trithione: metabolite of anethol trithione; structure given in first source
gw 7647GW 7647 : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-(phenylsulfanyl)isobutyric acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the para- position by a 3-aza-7-cyclohexylhept-1-yl group in which the nitrogen is acylated by a (cyclohexylamino)carbonyl group.

GW 7647: a PPAR-alpha agonist; structure in first source
aryl sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
ureas
PPARalpha agonist
5-chloro-7-[(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-(3-pyridinyl)methyl]-8-quinolinolorganochlorine compound;
quinolines
rn 1734RN 1734: a TRPV4 antagonist; structure in first source
jhw 015indolecarboxamide
ex 5276-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide : A member of the class of carbazoles that is 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole which is substituted at position 1 by an aminocarbohyl group and at position 6 by a chlorine.

6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide: structure in first source
carbazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound
sodium butyrateorganic sodium saltEC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
5'-o-caffeoylquinic acidtrans-5-O-caffeoyl-D-quinic acid : A cinnamate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of quinic acid.cinnamate ester;
cyclitol carboxylic acid
plant metabolite
harmineharmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.

Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.
harmala alkaloidanti-HIV agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
aureusidinaureusidin : A hydroxyaurone that is aurone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 6, 3' and 4' respectively.

aureusidin: structure in first source
hydroxyauroneplant metabolite
cannabigerolcannabigerol : A member of the class of resorcinols that is resorcinol which is substituted by a (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl group at position 2 and by a pentyl group at position 5. It is a natural product found in Cannabis sativa and Helichrysum species.

cannabigerol: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antioxidant;
appetite enhancer;
cannabinoid receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
andrographolidecarbobicyclic compound;
gamma-lactone;
labdane diterpenoid;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol
anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
fexaraminefexaramine: structure in first sourcebiphenyls
romidepsindepsipeptide : A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.cyclodepsipeptide;
heterocyclic antibiotic;
organic disulfide
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
3',4'-dihydroxyaurone3',4'-dihydroxyaurone : A hydroxyaurone that is aurone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3' and 4' positions; major species at pH 7.3. It shows inhibitory activity against several isoforms of the histone deacetylase complex (HDAC).catechols;
hydroxyaurone
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
psammaplin apsammaplin A: isolated from marine sponges Poecillastra and Jaspis; structure in second source
trichostatin ctrichostatin C: glycosylated trichostatin A; structure given in first source; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHINO-amino sugar;
trichostatin
pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dionepregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione: steroid from guggulu extract; RN & N1 from C1 Form index; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source; antagonist of farnesoid X receptor3-hydroxy steroidandrogen
laq824LAQ824: Histone deacetylase inhibitor
pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione, (17z)-isomer
indigo carmine3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid: from roots of Lychnophora ericoides; structure in first source

3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid : A carboxylic ester that is the diester obtained by the condensation of the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 of (-)-quinic acid with the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid. Isolated from Brazilian propolis and Suaeda glauca, it exhibits hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities.
tanespimycinCP 127374: analog of herbimycin A1,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
Hsp90 inhibitor
pd 404182
tubacintubacin: inhibits histone deacetylase 6; structure in first source1,3-oxazoles
(3S,6S,9S,12R)-3-[(2S)-Butan-2-yl]-6-[(1-methoxyindol-3-yl)methyl]-9-(6-oxooctyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazabicyclo[10.4.0]hexadecane-2,5,8,11-tetroneoligopeptide
belinostathydroxamic acid;
olefinic compound;
sulfonamide
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
sk-7041SK-7041: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source
panobinostatpanobinostat : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-3-[4-({[2-(2-methylindol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor used (as its lactate salt) in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma.

Panobinostat: An indole and hydroxamic acid derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used as an antineoplastic agent in combination with BORTEZOMIB and DEXAMETHASONE for the treatment of MULTIPLE MYELOMA.
cinnamamides;
hydroxamic acid;
methylindole;
secondary amino compound
angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
hdac-42HDAC-42: structure in first sourceamidobenzoic acid
4-acetamido-N-(2-amino-5-thiophen-2-ylphenyl)benzamidebenzamides
n1-(2-aminophenyl)-n7-phenylheptanediamide
bml 210N1-(2-aminophenyl)-N8-phenyloctanediamide: InChIKey: RFLHBLWLFUFFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-Ndicarboxylic acid diamideantineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
n-(2-amino-5-fluorobenzyl)-4-(n-(pyridine-3-acrylyl)aminomethyl)benzamide
givinostatcarbamate ester
mocetinostatmocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).

mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer
aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
gw 4064stilbenoid
way-362450indoles
methyl 3,5-di-o-caffeoyl quinate3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester: results suggest that the effect of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic esters on CHS is associated with a decrease in the production of interleukins, but not with the inhibition of iNOS expression. Moreover, esterification of the carboxyl group at C-1 enhanced protection against tyrosine nitration in the skin

methyl 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinate : A methyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid with methanol. Isolated from Suaeda glauca and Dichrocephala bicolor, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.
r 306465
12-epi-scalarin12-epi-scalarin : The 12-epimer of scalarin, a metabolite of marine sponges of the genus Spongia.scalarane sesterterpenoidanimal metabolite
ucn 1028 ccalphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides
quisinostatindoles
cannabidivarincannabidivarin: from Cannabis sativamonoterpenoid
abexinostatabexinostat: structure in first sourcebenzofurans
chidamidebenzamides
glycoursodeoxycholic acidglycoursodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycoursodeoxycholic acid. obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.

glycoursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.
bile acid glycine conjugate;
N-acylglycine
human blood serum metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
hc toxin
alisol b monoacetatealisol B 23-acetate: from Alisma orientale rhizome; structure in first sourcetriterpenoid
alisol c 23-acetatealisol C 23-acetate: isolated from Alismatis Rhizoma; structure in first source
alisol aalisol A: has anti-hepatitis B virus activity; structure
alisol btriterpenoid
azumamide eazumamide E: a natural cyclic tetrapeptide isolated from marine sponge Mycale izuensis; histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source
archazolid aarchazolid A: inhibits vacuolar-type ATPase; isolated from Archangium gephyra; structure in first source
cnf 20242-aminopurines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
pyridines
antineoplastic agent;
Hsp90 inhibitor
kd 5170KD 5170: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source
gsk 1016790aGSK1016790A : A tertiary carboxamide that is piperazine in which one of the amino groups has undergone condensation with the carboxy group of N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-L-serine, while the other has undergone condensation with the carboxy group of N-(1-benzothiophen-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-leucine. It is a cell-permeable, potent and selective agonist of the TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4) channel.1-benzothiophenes;
aromatic primary alcohol;
dichlorobenzene;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide;
tertiary carboxamide
TRPV4 agonist
pci 34051PCI 34051: an HDAC8 inhibitorindolecarboxamide
cudc 1017-(4-(3-ethynylphenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy)-N-hydroxyheptanamide: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source
largazolelargazole: an antiproliferative agent from Symploca; structure in first source
N-[4-[3-[[[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]amino]-oxomethyl]-5-isoxazolyl]phenyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl esterCAY10603: a HDAC6 inhibitorcarbamate ester
trichostatin rktrichostatin RK: from Streptomyces sp. RK98-A74.; structure in first source
int-777
jq1 compoundcarboxylic ester;
organochlorine compound;
tert-butyl ester;
thienotriazolodiazepine
angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
ferroptosis inducer
tubastatin ahydroxamic acid;
pyridoindole;
tertiary amino compound
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
pracinostatpracinostat : A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxyacrylamide which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-butyl-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl group (the E isomer). An orally available pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor with demonstrated activity in the treatment of advanced solid tumours.benzimidazole;
hydroxamic acid;
olefinic compound;
tertiary amino compound
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
acy-1215ricolinostat: an HDAC6 inhibitor; structure in first sourcepyrimidinecarboxylic acid
cudc-907
rg2833RG2833: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source
mi-192MI-192: histone deacetylase 2 and 3 inhibitor; structure in first source
4-((1-butyl-3-phenylureido)methyl)-n-hydroxybenzamide4-((1-butyl-3-phenylureido)methyl)-N-hydroxybenzamide: inhibits HDAC6; structure in first source
osimertinibosimertinib : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 4-(1-methylindol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2-methoxy-4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl)amino-5-acrylamidophenyl group. Used (as the mesylate salt) for treatment of EGFR T790M mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer.

osimertinib: an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor
acrylamides;
aminopyrimidine;
biaryl;
indoles;
monomethoxybenzene;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound
antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
santacruzamate asantacruzamate A: HDAC2 inhibitor from the Panamanian marine cyanobacterium cf. Symploca sp.; structure in first sourceorganonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
alisol f
alisol a 24-acetatealisol A 24-acetate: isolated from Alismatis Rhizoma; structure in first source
4-(2-(2-chloro-4-((5-cyclopropyl-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolyl)methoxy)phenyl)cyclopropyl)benzoic acid4-(2-(2-chloro-4-((5-cyclopropyl-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-isoxazolyl)methoxy)phenyl)cyclopropyl)benzoic acid: a farnesoid X receptor agonist; structure in first source