mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0321000382]

mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II is a complex process that involves multiple steps and factors. It begins with the binding of RNA polymerase II to the DNA template at a specific region called the promoter. The promoter contains a series of short DNA sequences that are recognized by transcription factors, proteins that help recruit and position RNA polymerase II. Once RNA polymerase II is bound, it unwinds the DNA double helix and begins to synthesize a complementary RNA strand using the DNA template as a guide. The RNA polymerase II moves along the DNA template, adding nucleotides to the growing RNA chain in a 5' to 3' direction. This process is known as elongation. During elongation, the RNA polymerase II undergoes a series of conformational changes that allow it to interact with other proteins involved in transcription, such as capping enzymes, splicing factors, and polyadenylation factors. The capping enzyme adds a 5' cap to the RNA transcript, which protects it from degradation and helps it to bind to ribosomes for translation. Splicing factors remove introns, non-coding sequences within the RNA transcript, and join exons, coding sequences, together. The polyadenylation factors add a poly-A tail to the 3' end of the RNA transcript, which signals the end of transcription and helps to protect the RNA from degradation. Once transcription is complete, the RNA transcript is released from the DNA template and transported out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it can be translated into protein.'
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Proteins (17)

Compounds (295)