Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of deoxyribonuclease activity, the hydrolysis of ester linkages within deoxyribonucleic acid. [GOC:mah]
Positive regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity is a crucial biological process that controls the rate at which deoxyribonucleases (DNases) break down DNA molecules. DNases play a vital role in various cellular processes, including DNA repair, replication, and programmed cell death (apoptosis). The regulation of DNase activity is essential for maintaining genomic integrity and preventing uncontrolled DNA degradation.
The regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity can occur at multiple levels, including:
1. **Transcriptional Regulation**: The expression of DNase genes can be controlled at the level of transcription. Transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences in the promoter region of DNase genes, either activating or repressing their transcription. This allows cells to fine-tune the amount of DNase produced based on their specific needs.
2. **Post-translational Modification**: Once DNases are synthesized, their activity can be regulated by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, or ubiquitination. These modifications can alter the conformation of DNases, affecting their catalytic activity or their ability to interact with other proteins.
3. **Protein-Protein Interactions**: DNases can interact with other proteins to form complexes that regulate their activity. These interactions can either activate or inhibit DNase activity depending on the specific proteins involved. For example, some proteins may act as chaperones, assisting in the correct folding and activation of DNases. Others may act as inhibitors, binding to DNases and preventing their catalytic activity.
4. **Localization**: The localization of DNases within the cell can also influence their activity. DNases may be sequestered in specific cellular compartments, such as the nucleus or cytoplasm, where they are needed. This localization can prevent unwanted DNA degradation in other cellular compartments.
5. **Cellular Context**: The regulation of DNase activity can also be influenced by the overall cellular context, such as the cell cycle stage or the presence of specific signaling molecules. For example, during DNA replication, DNases are required to remove damaged DNA segments to ensure the accurate copying of the genome.
Overall, the positive regulation of deoxyribonuclease activity is a complex process involving multiple levels of control. This intricate regulatory network ensures that DNases are activated only when needed and at the appropriate location within the cell, preventing uncontrolled DNA degradation and maintaining genomic stability.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Proliferating cell nuclear antigen | A proliferating cell nuclear antigen that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid | tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome. | ||
| 3,3',5-triiodothyropropionic acid | aromatic ether | ||
| thyroxine | thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism. | 2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine; thyroxine zwitterion | antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| triiodothyronine | 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3. | 2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| 3,5-diiodothyronine, (l)-isomer | phenylalanine derivative | ||
| 3,3'-diiodothyronine | 3,3'-diiodothyronine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation | 3,3'-diiodothyronine; amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite |
| 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid | 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)propanoic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group. An ionotropic analogue of L-thyroxine. 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid: a cardiotonic thyroid hormone analog | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; organoiodine compound; phenols |