endosulfan profile

Endosulfan: A polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects. It is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. Its mode of action involves repetitive nerve-discharges positively correlated to increase in temperature. This compound is extremely toxic to most fish. (From Comp Biochem Physiol (C) 1993 Jul;105(3):347-61) [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

endosulfan : A cyclic sulfite ester that is 1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide substituted by chloro groups at positions 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 10. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	3224
CHEMBL ID	194399
CHEBI ID	4791
SCHEMBL ID	21377
MeSH ID	M0007429

Synonym
thionex
endosulfan ii
6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide, (3.alpha.,5a.alpha.,6.beta.,9.beta.,9a.alpha.)-
6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide, (3.alpha.,5a.beta.,6.alpha.,9.alpha.,9a.beta.)-
DIVK1C_006696
endosulfan b
SPECTRUM_001971
6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide
SPECTRUM5_002064
(1r, 9s), 1,9,10,11,12,12-hexachloro-4,6-dioxa-5-thiatricyclododec-10-ene-5-oxide
thiodan
6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,3,4-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide
BSPBIO_002519
NCGC00091498-01
insectophene
thiodan 4ec insecticide
malix
5-norbornene-2,3-dimethanol, 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-, cyclic sulfite
kop-thiodan
thiodan 50 wp insecticide
hildan
ccris 275
thimul
thiodan 35
sialan
tionel
endosol
endocel
1,2,3,4,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo(2.2.1)hepten-5,6-bioxymethylenesulfite
thiomul
beosit
1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-5-norbornene-2,3-dimethanol, cyclic sulfate
thiofor
rcra waste no. p050
rcra waste number p050
endosulfan 35 ec
caswell no. 420
sulfurous acid, cyclic ester with 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-5-norbornene-2,3-dimethanol
thiodan 4ec
ent 23,979
endosulfan and metabolites
rasayansulfan
hsdb 390
6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide
tiovel
thiosulfan tionel
goldenleaf tobacco spray
niagra 5462
tionex
bio 5462
fmc 5462
phaser
thiosulfan
thiodan dust insecticide
bio 5,642
nia 5462
pff thiodan 4e
epa pesticide chemical code 079401
endosulfan 35ec
devisulphan
nci-c00566
hexachlorohexahydromethano 2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide
hoe 2,671
crisulfan
thiotox (insecticide)
oms 570
thiodan 4e insecticide liquid
niagara 5,462
einecs 204-079-4
endotaf
endosulfan [ansi:bsi:iso]
6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexahydro-
sd-4314
endosulphan
bio 5,462
thifor
chlorthiepin
ai3-23979
thiodan 50 wp
thionate
115-29-7
benzoepin
endosulfan
1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-8,9,10-trinorborn-5-en-2,3-ylenedimethyl sulphite
1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-5-norbornene-2,3-dimethanol cyclic sulfite
1,9,10,11,12,12-hexachloro-4,6-dioxa-5-thiatricyclo[7.2.1.0(2,8)]dodec-10-ene 5-oxide
CHEBI:4791 ,
6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine 3-oxide
alpha,beta-1,2,3,4,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo(2.2.1)-2-heptene-5,6-bisoxymethylene sulfite
NCGC00091498-02
NCGC00091498-03
KBIOGR_001239
KBIO2_002528
KBIO3_002019
KBIOSS_002537
KBIO2_005096
KBIO1_001640
KBIO2_007664
SPECTRUM3_000870
SPECTRUM4_000710
SPECTRUM2_001893
SPECPLUS_000600
SPBIO_001826
SPECTRUM330083
endosulfan, technical grade
NCGC00091498-06
NCGC00091498-05
thiodon
bdbm50240986
CHEMBL194399 ,
NCGC00091498-07
NCGC00091498-08
NCGC00091498-09
dtxsid1020560 ,
tox21_300657
cas-115-29-7
dtxcid70560
NCGC00254565-01
tox21_202365
NCGC00259914-01
AKOS015951078
CCG-39349
oka6a6zd4k ,
unii-oka6a6zd4k
ethiosulfan
endodhan
SCHEMBL21377
.alpha.-endosulfan
6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzo[e]-dioxathiepin-3-oxide
thiodan rophen
sd 4314
6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzo-dioxathiepin 3-oxide
chlortiepin
6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin3-oxide
hexachlorohexahydromethano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide
Q424208
1,9,10,11,12,12-hexachloro-4,6-dioxa-5lambda4-thiatricyclo[7.2.1.02,8]dodec-10-ene 5-oxide
alphaendosulfan d4
6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin,6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide
malux
6,7,8,9,10,10-hezachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide
niagara 5462
as 4314
6,7,8,9,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexachloro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzo-dioxathiepin-3-oxide
6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzo(e)dioxathiepin 3-oxide
maux
thisulfan tiovel
thiodan 35ec
hoe 2671
usepa/opp pc code: 079401
6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzo(e)dioxathiepin-3-oxide
thiodan 50 w
1,2,3,4,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo-(2.2.1)-hepten-5,6-bisoxymethylene sulfite
alpha, beta-1,2,3,4,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo)2.2.1)-2-heptene-5,6-bisoxy-methylene sulfite
1,2,3,4,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo-2,2,1-hepten-5,6-bisoxymethylene sulfite
6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5alpha,6,9,9alpha-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide
insecto
1,9,10,11,12,12-hexachloro-4,6-dioxa-5-thiatricyclo(7.2.1.0(2,8))dodec-10-ene 5-oxide
thiomul thionex
thiotox(insecticide)
alpha, beta-1,2,3,4,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo(2.2.1)-2-heptene-5,6-bisoxymethylene sulfite
ent 23979
nci c00566
1,2,3,4,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo(2.2.1)hepten-5,6-bioxymethylene sulfite
chlorthepin
sulfurous acid, cyclic ester with 1,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-5-norbornene-2-dimethanol
6,7,8,9 10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide
1,2,3,4,7,7-hexachlorobicyclo(2.2.1)-2-heptene-5,6-bisoxymethylene sulfite

Research Excerpts

Overview

Endosulfan is a broadly applied cyclodiene insecticide which has been in use across 80 countries since last 5 decades. It is classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP) and can cause endothelial dysfunction, closely related to cardiovascular diseases.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Endosulfan is a broadly applied cyclodiene insecticide which has been in use across 80 countries since last 5 decades. "	( System biology analysis of endosulfan biodegradation in bacteria and its effect in other living systems: modeling and simulation studies. Bhandari, G; Bhatt, P; Chen, S; Gangola, S; Negi, S; Sharma, M, 2022)	2.46
"Endosulfan is an extensively used organochlorine pesticide around the world, which was classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP) in 2009. "	( Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals Germ Cell Mutagenicity of α-Endosulfan in Cao, Z; Du, H; Wang, M; Xu, A; Zhou, T, 2022)	2.41
"Endosulfan (ES) is an extensively utilized agricultural pesticide in developing countries, despite its life-threatening toxic effects. "	( Nano-assembly of multiwalled carbon nanotubes for sensitive voltammetric responses for the determination of residual levels of endosulfan. Gandhi, S; Kolhe, P; Shah, M, 2023)	2.56
"Endosulfan sulfate is a major oxidized metabolite of the organochlorine insecticide endosulfan, and it exhibits a similar toxicity to endosulfan."	( Metabolite identification and profile of endosulfan sulfate in three human liver preparations using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Choi, WG; Kim, JH; Kong, TY; Lee, HK; Lee, HS; Lee, YS; Shin, Y, 2020)	1.55
"Endosulfan is a persistent organic pollutant and can cause endothelial dysfunction, closely related to cardiovascular diseases. "	( Endosulfan promotes cell migration via PTP4A3-mediated signaling pathways in HUVECs. Hu, Y; Li, H; Liu, S; Sun, Y; Xu, D; Zhao, B, 2020)	3.44
"Endosulfan is a persistent pesticide that has been in use for more than five decades. "	( Endosulfan exposure alters transcription of genes involved in the detoxification and stress responses in Physella acuta. Alonso-Trujillo, M; Martínez-Guitarte, JL; Muñiz-González, AB, 2020)	3.44
"Endosulfan is a persistent organochlorine pesticide that bioaccumulates in human body through the food chain and thus represents a potential risk to public health. "	( Endosulfan triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition via PTP4A3-mediated TGF-β signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells. Guo, Y; Hu, Y; Sun, Y; Wang, Y; Xu, D, 2020)	3.44
"Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide (OCP) used in large-scale agriculture for controlling a variety of insects and mites that attack food and non-food crops. "	( Postnatal exposure to endosulfan affects uterine development and fertility. Durando, M; Gastiazoro, MP; Lorenz, V; Milesi, MM; Varayoud, J, 2020)	2.32
"Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide, which is commonly used throughout the world. "	( Assessment of DNA damage induced by endosulfan in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes, 1844). Farooqi, J; Hassan, N; Khan, A; Khisroon, M, 2021)	2.34
"Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide included in the Stockholm Convention for Persistent Organic Compounds. "	( Evaluation of endosulfan degradation capacity by six pure strains isolated from a horticulture soil. Cabrera, S; Casanova, A; Díaz-Ruiz, G; Hernández, S; Ortíz, I; Wacher, C; Zubillaga, M, 2021)	2.42
"Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide widely used in Southwest China. "	( Adsorption and desorption characteristics of endosulfan in two typical agricultural soils in Southwest China. Qian, S; Xiong, B; Xu, W; Zhang, J; Zheng, G; Zhu, H, 2017)	2.16
"Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide that is toxic to aquatic life. "	( Endosulfan is toxic to the reproductive health of male freshwater fish, Cyprinion watsoni. Islam, FU; Jalali, S; Shafqat, MN; Shah, STA, 2017)	3.34
"Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide that is used extensively across the world to kill insects. "	( Congenital scoliosis: an anomalous association with endosulfan. Mohanty, SP; Narayana Kurup, JK, 2017)	2.15
"Endosulfan is a persistent insecticide that is still used in some countries even though it is life-threatening and banned in the agricultural struggle. "	( Solvent effect on endosulfan adsorption onto polymeric arginine-methacrylate cryogels. A Akveran, G; Köse, DA; Köse, K, 2018)	2.26
"Endosulfan is a semi-permanent pollutant that can be transported long distances through the atmosphere. "	( Sublethal effects from endosulfan on parasitization by the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi and specificity of nervous pathways involved. Delpuech, JM, 2019)	2.27
"Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide with high lipophilic features that makes it a well-absorbed agent and penetrates easily to the site of action. "	( Endosulfan induced cardiac arrest treated with intravenous lipid emulsion. Arslan, ED; Avcı, S; Başaran, A; Genç, S; Özkan, S, 2019)	3.4
"Endosulfan is a broad spectrum insecticide used in agriculture for protection of various food and non-food crops. "	( Influence of plant growth promoting rhizobacterial strains Paenibacillus sp. IITISM08, Bacillus sp. PRB77 and Bacillus sp. PRB101 using Helianthus annuus on degradation of endosulfan from contaminated soil. Chandra, A; Gupta, P; Kumar, V; Rani, R; Usmani, Z, 2019)	2.15
"Endosulfan is a broad-spectrum organochlorine insecticide that has been commercially in use for decades to control insect pests and has been found to pollute the aquatic environment. "	( Endosulfan toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the use of lycopene as an ameliorative agent. Ahmed, MM; Bedawy, AM; El-Murr, A; Elsadaawy, HA; Hussein, MMA; Saadeldin, IM; Swelum, AA; Tukur, HA, 2019)	3.4
"Endosulfan is a chlorinated pesticide; its persistence in the environment and toxic effects on biota are demanding its removal. "	( Biominerlization and possible endosulfan degradation pathway adapted by Aspergillus niger. Bhalerao, TS, 2013)	2.12
"Endosulfan is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) that has lethal and sublethal effects on non-target organisms, including amphibians. "	( Exposure and post-exposure effects of endosulfan on Bufo bufo tadpoles: morpho-histological and ultrastructural study on epidermis and iNOS localization. Bernabò, I; Brunelli, E; Guardia, A; La Russa, D; Madeo, G; Tripepi, S, 2013)	2.1
"Endosulfan is an organochlorine cyclodiene pesticide used widely for controlling agricultural pests."	( Endosulfan induced cell death in Sertoli-germ cells of male Wistar rat follows intrinsic mode of cell death. Chowdhuri, DK; Narayan, R; Rastogi, D; Saxena, DK, 2014)	2.57
"Endosulfan is a widely used pesticide despite its extreme toxicity to a variety of taxa and its worldwide ban. "	( Toxicity of endosulfan on embryo-larval development of the South American toad Rhinella arenarum. Coll, CS; Svartz, GV; Wolkowicz, IR, 2014)	2.22
"Endosulfan is a kind of widespread organochlorine pollutant in the environment. "	( [Study on removal rule of endosulfan in surface flow constructed wetland]. Gao, FW; Qin, J; Xie, HJ, 2013)	2.13
"Endosulfan is an insecticide that is composed of two stereoisomers: α- and β- endosulfan in an approximate ratio of 70:30. "	( Effects of vitamin C on pathology and caspase-3 activity of kidneys with subacute endosulfan toxicity. Mor, F; Ozmen, O, 2015)	2.09
"Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide commonly found in aquatic environments that has been found to reduce thermal tolerance of fish. "	( Dietary lecithin potentiates thermal tolerance and cellular stress protection of milk fish (Chanos Chanos) reared under low dose endosulfan-induced stress. Ambasankar, K; Krishnani, KK; Kumar, N; Minhas, PS; Rana, RS, 2014)	2.05
"Endosulfan (ES) is an organochlorine pesticide widely used in agriculture despite its high toxicity towards non-target organisms such as fish. "	( Endosulfan affects GnRH cells in sexually differentiated juveniles of the perciform Cichlasoma dimerus. Da Cuña, R; Genovese, G; Lo Nostro, F; Pandolfi, M; Piazza, Y, 2015)	3.3
"Endosulfan is a Persistent Organic Pollutant insecticide still used in many countries. "	( Treatment of endosulfan contaminated water with in vitro plant cell cultures. Cañas, I; Ferrari, MM; Kurina-Sanz, M; Lucero, PA; Nassetta, M; Orden, AA, 2016)	2.25
"Endosulfan is a persistent and toxic organochlorine pesticide of banned or restricted use in several countries. "	( Potential use of edible crops in the phytoremediation of endosulfan residues in soil. Gonzalez, M; Miglioranza, KS; Mitton, FM; Monserrat, JM, 2016)	2.12
"Endosulfan is a persistent organic pollutant and widely used in agriculture as a pesticide. "	( Endosulfan inhibiting the meiosis process via depressing expressions of regulatory factors and causing cell cycle arrest in spermatogenic cells. Guo, FZ; Jing, L; Ren, LH; Sun, ZW; Wang, J; Wei, JL; Yang, M; Zhang, J; Zhang, LS; Zhou, XQ, 2016)	3.32
"Endosulfan (ES) is an organochlorine pesticide, speculated to be associated with chromosomal abnormalities and diseases in humans. "	( Induction of DNA damage and erroneous repair can explain genomic instability caused by endosulfan. Raghavan, SC; Sebastian, R, 2016)	2.1
"Endosulfan is a broad-spectrum organochlorine pesticide, speculated to be detrimental to human health in areas of active exposure. "	( Molecular mechanism of Endosulfan action in mammals. Raghavan, SC; Sebastian, R, 2017)	2.21
"Endosulfan is a currently used pesticide and still being used worldwide."	( Endosulfan in China 1-gridded usage inventories. Cai, D; Hu, J; Jia, H; Li, YF; Ma, J; Wang, D; Yang, M, 2009)	2.52
"Endosulfan is a widely used organochlorine pesticide with well-documented neurotoxic effects in both humans and laboratory animals (mammals and fish). "	( Environmentally relevant concentrations of endosulfan impair development, metamorphosis and behaviour in Bufo bufo tadpoles. Berg, C; Bernabò, I; Bonacci, A; Brunelli, E; Lundstedt-Enkel, K; Tripepi, S, 2009)	2.06
"Endosulfan is a widely used insecticide with immunosuppressive or immunopotentiating effects which alters the immune response of fish. "	( Oxidative stress in macrophages from spleen of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to sublethal concentration of endosulfan. Bravo-Cuellar, A; Casas-Solis, J; Santerre, A; Tellez-Bañuelos, MC; Zaitseva, G, 2009)	2
"Endosulfan (END) is an insecticide used in agriculture and as a wood preservative. "	( Effects of endosulfan and ethanol on the reproduction of the snail Biomphalaria tenagophila: a multigeneration study. Grisolia, CK; Oliveira-Filho, EC; Paumgartten, FJ, 2009)	2.19
"Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide. "	( Fatal acute endosulfan toxicity: a case report. Kucuker, H; Sahin, O; Yavuz, Y; Yürümez, Y, 2009)	2.17
"Endosulfan is an antagonist at the GABA(A) receptor Cl(-) ionophore in mammalian CNS. "	( An assessment of the developmental, reproductive, and neurotoxicity of endosulfan. Gammon, D; Silva, MH, 2009)	2.03
"Endosulfan is an organochloride insecticide, widely used in insect control. "	( Unintentional endosulfan poisoning. Alpay, NR; Gumusay, U; Guneysel, O; Satar, S; Sebe, A, 2009)	2.16
"Endosulfan is a widely used insecticide that is associated with a high fatality rate in humans when ingested accidentally or with the aim of suicide. "	( Acute endosulfan poisoning: a retrospective study. Chun, BJ; Moon, JM, 2009)	2.28
"Endosulfan is a persistent organochlorine insecticide which is extremely toxic to fish. "	( Endosulfan increases seric interleukin-2 like (IL-2L) factor and immunoglobulin M (IgM) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) challenged with Aeromona hydrophila. Casas-Solis, J; Santerre, A; Tellez-Bañuelos, MC; Zaitseva, G, 2010)	3.25
"Endosulfan is an insecticide-acaricide used in South Florida and is one of the remaining organochlorine insecticides registered under the Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act by the U.S.EPA. "	( Endosulfan and its metabolite, endosulfan sulfate, in freshwater ecosystems of South Florida: a probabilistic aquatic ecological risk assessment. Carriger, JF; Castro, J; Gardinali, PR; Rand, GM, 2010)	3.25
"Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide commonly used in agriculture. "	( Endosulfan induces CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 by activating the pregnane X receptor. Cao, Y; Casabar, RC; Das, PC; Dekrey, GK; Gardiner, CS; Rose, RL; Wallace, AD, 2010)	3.25
"Endosulfan is a neurotoxic organochlorine insecticide of the cyclodiene family of pesticides that inhibits molting and reproduction in aquatic crustaceans. "	( Characterization of two vitellogenin cDNAs from a Pandalus shrimp (Pandalopsis japonica): expression in hepatopancreas is down-regulated by endosulfan exposure. Baek, HJ; Jeon, JM; Kim, HW; Kim, IK; Kim, KS; Kim, S; Lee, SO; Mykles, DL, 2010)	2.01
"Endosulfan is an organochlorine recognized as an important agent of acute toxicity."	( Acute intentional toxicity: endosulfan and other organochlorines. Moses, V; Peter, JV, 2010)	1.38
"Endosulfan is a currently used organochlorine pesticide in China, with annual usage of 2300 t between 1994 and 2004. "	( Monitoring and modeling endosulfan in Chinese surface soil. Jia, H; Kannan, K; Li, YF; Liu, L; Su, Y; Sun, B; Sun, Y; Wang, D, 2010)	2.11
"Endosulfan sulfate is a persistent environmental metabolite of endosulfan, an organochlorine insecticide-acaricide presently registered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. "	( Acute toxicity and effects analysis of endosulfan sulfate to freshwater fish species. Carriger, JF; Castro, J; Gardinali, PR; Hoang, TC; Rand, GM, 2011)	2.08
"Endosulfan is an important hepatotoxic agent that generates free oxygen radicals in liver. "	( Endosulfan-induced hepatotoxicity is route of exposure independent in rats. Asuquo, EN; Eteng, MU; Uboh, FE, 2011)	3.25
"Endosulfan is an insecticide which has been widely used in agriculture. "	( Bioconcentration and depuration of endosulfan sulfate in mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis). Castro, J; Gardinali, PR; Hoang, TC; Rand, GM, 2011)	2.09
"Endosulfan is a hazardous organochlorine pesticide banned or restricted in several countries. "	( Phytoremediatory effect and growth of two species of Ocimum in endosulfan polluted soil. Girón-Pérez, MI; Medina-Díaz, IM; Melchor-Partida, GN; Muñiz-Hernández, S; Ramírez-Sandoval, M; Robledo-Marenco, ML; Rojas-García, AE; Velázquez-Fernández, JB, 2011)	2.05
"Endosulfan is a potent organochlorinated pesticide that is known to induce side effects in aquatic organisms, including Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia). "	( Effects of low concentration of endosulfan on proliferation, ERK1/2 pathway, apoptosis and senescence in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) splenocytes. Bravo-Cuellar, A; Casas-Solis, J; Ortiz-Lazareno, PC; Santerre, A; Tellez-Bañuelos, MC; Zaitseva, G, 2011)	2.1
"Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide, which is used worldwide and has known toxic effects on non-target organisms including fish. "	( The acute and chronic effects of endosulfan pulse-exposure on Jordanella floridae (Florida flagfish) over one complete life-cycle. Beyger, L; Guchardi, J; Holdway, D; Orrego, R, 2012)	2.1
"Endosulfan is a lypophilic persistent organic pollutant (POP) that has caused widespread concern due to its persistence in the environment, toxicity and bioaccumulation in living organisms. "	( Isolation of an endosulfan-degrading bacterium from a coffee farm soil: persistence and inhibitory effect on its biological functions. Casas, J; Castillo, JM; Romero, E, 2011)	2.16
"Endosulfan is a cyclodiene insecticide used all over the world for the control of various insect pests on variety of food and non crop products. "	( Phytoextraction of endosulfan a remediation technique. Kumar, A; Mukherjee, I, 2012)	2.15
"Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide and has been implicated in neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunosuppression and teratogenicity. "	( Endosulfan upregulates AP-1 binding and ARE-mediated transcription via ERK1/2 and p38 activation in HepG2 cells. Freedman, JH; Lee, CH; Song, MO; Yang, HO, 2012)	3.26
"Endosulfan is an environmentally persistent pesticide and has been shown to be genotoxic, neurotoxic and carcinogenic to surrounding organisms. "	( Coelomic fluid: a complimentary biological medium to assess sub-lethal endosulfan exposure using ¹H NMR-based earthworm metabolomics. Simpson, AJ; Simpson, MJ; Yuk, J, 2012)	2.05
"Endosulfan is a broad spectrum organochlorine pesticide that is still widely in use in many developing countries. "	( Endosulfan exposure inhibits brain AChE activity and impairs swimming performance in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Azevedo, MB; Bogo, MR; Bonan, CD; Bortolotto, JW; Fritsch, RS; Kist, LW; Oliveira, Rda L; Pereira, TC; Pereira, VM; Vianna, MR, 2012)	3.26
"Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide commonly used in agriculture yet classified by the Stockholm Convention in 2011 as a persistent organic pollutant (POP). "	( Effects of endosulfan on hepatoma cell adhesion: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and anoikis resistance. de Sousa, G; Peyre, L; Rahmani, R; Zucchini-Pascal, N, 2012)	2.21
"Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide that was recently labeled as a persistent organic pollutant, but it is still widely employed, particularly in developing countries. "	( Endosulfan effects on Rana dalmatina tadpoles: quantitative developmental and behavioural analysis. Bernabò, I; Brunelli, E; Crescente, A; Denoël, M; Lavorato, M; Tripepi, S, 2013)	3.28
"Endosulfan is an extremely toxic organochlorine pesticide to aquatic organisms which might be hampering fish health through impairment of metabolism sometimes leading to death. "	( Endosulfan-mediated biochemical changes in the freshwater fish Clarias batrachus. Tripathi, G; Verma, P, 2004)	3.21
"Endosulfan is a highly toxic organochlorine insecticide that produces well-known neurological symptoms of tonic-clonic convulsions, headache, dizziness and ataxia but also can cause gastrointestinal symptoms and metabolic disturbances. "	( Acute endosulfan poisoning with cerebral edema and cardiac failure. Eyer, F; Felgenhauer, N; Jetzinger, E; Pfab, R; Zilker, TR, 2004)	2.25
"Endosulfan is a potentially harmful, degradation resistant pesticide that is found in soils where it has been used. "	( Transport of commercial endosulfan through a column of aggregated vineyard soil by a water flux simulating field conditions. Arias-Estévez, M; Cancho-Grande, B; López-Blanco, MC; López-Periago, E; Simal-Gándara, J, 2005)	2.08
"Endosulfan is a synthetic chlorinated and environmental genotoxic pesticide used worldwide for crop production. "	( Micronucleus induction in erythrocytes of the Hyla pulchella tadpoles (Amphibia: Hylidae) exposed to insecticide endosulfan. Attademo, AM; Cabagna, M; Lajmanovich, RC; Peltzer, PM; Stringhini, GA, 2005)	1.98
"Endosulfan is a widely used broad-spectrum organochlorine pesticide, which acts as a contact and stomach poison. "	( DNA damage and mutagenicity induced by endosulfan and its metabolites. Bajpayee, M; Dhawan, A; Mathur, N; Musarrat, J; Pandey, AK; Parmar, D; Seth, PK; Zaidi, S, 2006)	2.05
"Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide described as a potential carcinogen in humans. "	( Endosulfan decreases cell growth and apoptosis in human HaCaT keratinocytes: partial ROS-dependent ERK1/2 mechanism. Antherieu, S; Caron, JC; Ledirac, N; Lenormand, P; Luzy, AP; Rahmani, R, 2007)	3.23
"Endosulfan is a commonly used pesticide that can contaminate soil, wetlands and groundwater. "	( Optimization of environmental parameters for biodegradation of alpha and beta endosulfan in soil slurry by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Arshad, M; Hussain, S; Saleem, M, 2008)	2.02
"Endosulfan is a chlorinated insecticide that causes central nervous system hyperstimulation."	( Endosulfan poisoning with intravascular hemolysis. Puri, GD; Rajeev, S; Ramaswamy, S, 2008)	2.51
"Endosulfan (1) is a chlorinated insecticide still in use in both developed and emerging countries. "	( Endosulfan induces oxidative stress and changes on detoxication enzymes in the aquatic macrophyte Myriophyllum quitense. Díaz, MP; Menone, ML; Moreno, VJ; Pesce, SF; Wunderlin, DA, 2008)	3.23
"Endosulfan is a chlorinated cyclodiene insecticide which induces oxidative stress. "	( Melatonin protects against endosulfan-induced oxidative tissue damage in rats. Omurtag, GZ; Sehirli, AO; Sener, G; Tozan, A, 2008)	2.09
"Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide used in agriculture for a wide range of crops. "	( Endosulfan acute toxicity in Bufo bufo gills: ultrastructural changes and nitric oxide synthase localization. Berg, C; Bernabò, I; Bonacci, A; Brunelli, E; Tripepi, S, 2008)	3.23
"Endosulfan (E) is an organochloric insecticide, which is quickly metabolized and eliminated from the body system. "	( Effects of endosulfan and its metabolites on rat liver mitochondrial respiration and enzyme activities in vitro. Beg, MU; Dubey, RK; Singh, J, 1984)	2.1
"1. Endosulfan insecticide is a polychlorinated compound used for controlling a variety of insects; it is practically water-insoluble, but readily adheres to clay particles and persists in soil and water for several years. "	( Bioaccumulative potential and toxicity of endosulfan insecticide to non-target animals. Naqvi, SM; Vaishnavi, C, 1993)	1.17
"Endosulfan is a cyclodiene organochlorine currently widely used as an insecticide throughout the world. "	( A biological loss of endosulfan and related chlorinated organic compounds from aqueous systems in the presence and absence of oxygen. Guerin, TF, 2001)	2.07
"Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide that is extensively used to control pests in vegetables, cotton, and fruits."	( Effects and neuro-toxic mechanisms of 2, 2', 4, 4', 5, 5'-hexachlorobiphenyl and endosulfan in neuronal stem cells. Kang, KS; Lee, YS; Park, JE; Ryu, DY, 2001)	1.26
"Endosulfan is a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide. "	( Human red blood cell membrane damage by endosulfan. Agarwal, S; Agarwal, SS; Daniel, CS, )	1.84

Effects

Endosulfan has histopathological toxic effects on many organs and this toxic effect occurs within a short period after ingestion. It has been applied to control numerous insects in a variety of food and non-food crops for over 50 years.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"β-Endosulfan has been shown to isomerize to α-endosulfan."	( Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopic evidence of and molecular mechanism for irreversible isomerization of β-endosulfan to α-endosulfan. Chao, K; Hapeman, CJ; Kim, MS; Lee, H; McConnell, LL; Mookherji, S; Nguyen, JK; Qin, J; Rice, CP; Schmidt, WF, 2014)	1.17
"Endosulfan has been recently added to Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) list and due to its extensive and massive use and environmental persistence constitutes a potential hazard to groundwater resources. "	( Endosulfan leaching from Typic Argiudolls in soybean tillage areas and groundwater pollution implications. Gonzalez, M; Grondona, SI; Martínez, DE; Massone, HE; Miglioranza, KS, 2014)	3.29
"Endosulfan has been included in the list of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in 2011. "	( Rapid degradation of endosulfan by zero-valent zinc in water and soil. Cong, L; Guo, J; Liu, J; Shi, H; Wang, M, 2015)	2.18
"Endosulfan has histopathological toxic effects on many organs and this toxic effect occurs within a short period after ingestion."	( Fatal acute endosulfan toxicity: a case report. Kucuker, H; Sahin, O; Yavuz, Y; Yürümez, Y, 2009)	1.45
"Endosulfan has been applied to control numerous insects in a variety of food and non-food crops. "	( Sorption of alpha and beta hydrophobic endosulfan in a Vertisol from southeast region of Turkey. Arslan, H; Atasoy, AD; Avci, ED; Ince, F; Kumbur, H; Mermut, AR, 2009)	2.06
"Endosulfan has been used for over 50 years. "	( An assessment of the developmental, reproductive, and neurotoxicity of endosulfan. Gammon, D; Silva, MH, 2009)	2.03
"Endosulfan has been banned in many countries; however, it is still used in the United States."	( Death in a toddler following endosulfan ingestion. Parbhu, B; Rodgers, G; Sullivan, JE, 2009)	1.37
"Endosulfan has affects on vertebrate xenobiotic metabolism pathways that may be mediated, in part, by its ability to activate the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and/or the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) which can elevate expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes."	( Endosulfan induces CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 by activating the pregnane X receptor. Cao, Y; Casabar, RC; Das, PC; Dekrey, GK; Gardiner, CS; Rose, RL; Wallace, AD, 2010)	2.52
"Endosulfan has been reported to decrease binding of gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA)."	( A characterization of chemical kindling with the pesticide endosulfan. Gilbert, ME, )	1.1

Actions

Endosulfan did not cause significant mortality to daphnids but brood size was reduced at 320 micrograms/liter. EndosulfAn might enhance calcium concentration in the spermatogenic cells and restrained Na+ K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ Mg2+ - ATPase activities.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Endosulfan might enhance calcium concentration in the spermatogenic cells and restrained Na+ K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ Mg2+ -ATPase activities that showed endosulfan might induce spermatogenic cells in the testicle to occur apoptosis (p < 0.01), to cause the function of transporting Ca2+ to be limited, reduce the ability of excluding calcium and send Ca2+ concentration to hoist sustainingly,i.e."	( [Induced apoptosis and mechanism of endosulfan in mouse germ cells]. Chen, SJ; Ren, NQ; Zhang, XD; Zhou, GH, 2008)	1.34
"Endosulfan can cause toxic effects on rabbit pancreases, but vitamin C has an ameliorative effect."	( Pathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the pancreas in subacute endosulfan toxicity in rabbits. Mor, F; Ozmen, O; Sahinduran, S, 2010)	2.03
"Endosulfan was able to cause the increase of GADD153-GFP expression at a sublethal dose (0.02-20 mg/L)."	( Genotoxic evaluation of the insecticide endosulfan based on the induced GADD153-GFP reporter gene expression. Li, D; Li, J; Liu, J, 2011)	1.36
"But endosulfan did not produce any significant effect on DNA content and RNA/DNA."	( Endosulfan-mediated biochemical changes in the freshwater fish Clarias batrachus. Tripathi, G; Verma, P, 2004)	2.25
"Endosulfan did not cause significant mortality to daphnids but brood size was reduced at 320 micrograms/liter."	( Effect of algal food concentration on toxicity of two agricultural pesticides to Daphnia carinata. Ahokas, JT; Barry, MJ; Holdway, DA; Logan, DC, 1995)	1.01
"Endosulfan led to an increase in germ cell detachment from the Sertoli cell monolayer in a dose dependent manner."	( Cytotoxic effect of endosulfan on rat Sertoli-germ cell coculture. Adhikari, N; Narayan, R; Saxena, DK; Sinha, N, )	1.18
"The endosulfan-induced increase in aggressive behavior and increased binding of 3H-5HT were detectable even 8 days after the cessation of endosulfan treatment."	( Neonatal endosulfan neurotoxicity: behavioral and biochemical changes in rat pups. Agrawal, AK; Anand, M; Seth, PK; Zaidi, NF, )	1.03

Treatment

Endosulfan treatment suppressed the catalase and protease activity, but significantly increased the level of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, SOD and amylase enzymes. No significant changes occurred in body and organ weight, except for a significant increase in uterine weight in groups treated with 4 mg/kg/d endosulfans or estradiol-17beta.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Endosulfan treatments showed dissimilar profiles compared to control."	( Impact of chemical- and bio-pesticides on bacterial diversity in rhizosphere of Vigna radiata. Gupta, R; Gupta, S; Sharma, S, 2013)	1.11
"The endosulfan in treated water was maintained at the level of 1/40th of LC50 (0.52ppb)."	( Dietary lecithin potentiates thermal tolerance and cellular stress protection of milk fish (Chanos Chanos) reared under low dose endosulfan-induced stress. Ambasankar, K; Krishnani, KK; Kumar, N; Minhas, PS; Rana, RS, 2014)	1.09
"The endosulfan in treated water was maintained at a level of 1/40th of LC50 (0.52 ppb)."	( Dietary Pyridoxine Protects against Stress and Maintains Immunohaematological Status in Chanos chanos Exposed to Endosulfan. Ambasankar, K; Bhushan, S; Krishnani, KK; Kumar, N; Minhas, PS, 2016)	1.13
"Endosulfan treatment suppressed the catalase and protease activity, but significantly increased the level of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, SOD and amylase enzymes."	( Role of endosulfan in mediating stress responses in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Karnam, R; Kotresha, D; Sreenivasa, N; Vidyasagar, GM, 2009)	1.51
"In endosulfan-treated mice, no significant changes occurred in body and organ weight, except for a significant increase in uterine weight in groups treated with 4 mg/kg/d endosulfan or estradiol-17beta."	( The anti-implantation action of endosulfan in albino mice: possible mechanisms. Hiremath, MB; Kaliwal, BB, 2002)	1.11
"Endosulfan treatment reduced significantly the activity and the specific activity of cMDH and mMDH but had no effect on total cytoplasmic and mitochondrial protein contents."	( Endosulfan effects on muscle malate dehydrogenase of the freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus. Mishra, R; Shukla, SP, 2003)	2.48
"In Endosulfan- and Mancozeb-treated groups, no further amelioration was achieved beyond the double dose of vitamin C, and the damage frequency did not come down to the control level."	( Vitamin C mediated amelioration of pesticide genotoxicity in murine spermatocytes. Khan, PK; Sinha, SP, 1994)	0.8
"In endosulfan-treated rats, there were a reduction in the body weight and the weights of testis and accessory sex organs, a decrease in the testicular lactate and pyruvate activities, and in the testicular DNA and RNA concentrations, whereas the testicular protein concentration was slightly increased; the specific activity of testicular steroidogenic enzyme, 3beta-OH-steroid dehydrogenase and the ascorbic acid level were decreased, which were correlated with a decrease in steroidogenesis. "	( Chronic effect of endosulfan on the testicular functions of rat. Chitra, KC; Latchoumycandane, C; Mathur, PP, 1999)	1.26
"Endosulfan treatment shortened sleeping time, while induction time was significantly increased."	( Effect of endosulfan pretreatment on organ weights and on pentobarbital hypnosis in rats. Gupta, PK; Gupta, RC, 1977)	1.38
"Rats treated with endosulfan (1 and 3 mg/kg) up to 60 days elucidated a marked inhibition of ADP-induced aggregatory responses of the platelets."	( Endosulfan induced inhibition of 3H-5-hydroxytryptamine uptake in platelets. Agrawal, C; Anand, M; Chandra, SV; Gopal, K; Ray, PK; Shanker, K; Verma, M, 1986)	2.04

Toxicity

Endosulfan is a highly toxic organochlorine insecticide. It causes cytotoxic cell death by inducing oxidative stress. Little is known about the molecular players/pathways underlying the adverse effects. This study brought to light the protective effects of vitamin E on the toxic pathological lesions.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" An enhanced toxic impact is indicated when the pesticides are present together rather than as individual compounds."	( Individual and combined toxicity of common pesticides to teleost Puntius conchonius Hamilton. Gill, TS; Pande, J; Tewari, H, 1991)	0.28
" These studies indicated that the toxic effects of endosulfan are age-dependent."	( Biochemical studies on endosulfan toxicity in different age groups of rats. Kiran, R; Varma, MN, 1988)	0.84
"88 times more toxic than their technical materials, respectively."	( Relative toxicity of technical material and commercial formulation of malathion and endosulfan to a freshwater fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch). Haider, S; Inbaraj, RM, 1986)	0.5
" 6 days/week for a minimum for 10 weeks and until the cumulative LD50 remained constant for 3 consecutive weeks."	( Toxicity of endosulfan and manganese chloride: cumulative toxicity rating. Chandra, SV; Gupta, PK; Murthy, RC, 1981)	0.64
" Endosulfan is highly toxic for male and female osborne-Mendel rats, particularly for male rats."	( The role of toxicity in the carcinogenicity of endosulfan. Reuber, MD, 1981)	1.43
" This compound is extremely toxic to most fish and can cause massive mortalities."	( Bioaccumulative potential and toxicity of endosulfan insecticide to non-target animals. Naqvi, SM; Vaishnavi, C, 1993)	0.55
" Vitamin C doses, when administered alone, did not produce any adverse effect on sperm count and sperm head morphology."	( Ameliorating effect of vitamin C on murine sperm toxicity induced by three pesticides (endosulfan, phosphamidon and mancozeb). Khan, PK; Sinha, SP, 1996)	0.52
" Direct water-borne exposure to endosulfan was the most toxic route of exposure and the presence of algae decreased toxicity of this pesticide."	( Effect of algal food concentration on toxicity of two agricultural pesticides to Daphnia carinata. Ahokas, JT; Barry, MJ; Holdway, DA; Logan, DC, 1995)	0.57
" This suggests that pulse exposures of endosulfan in the water column following storm runoff may be more acutely toxic to riverine biota than in contaminated bottom sediment."	( Fate and toxicity of endosulfan in Namoi River water and bottom sediment. Beckett, R; Hyne, RV; Le, J; Leigh, KA; Leonard, AW; Lim, RP, )	0.72
"Microorganisms are very powerful tools for the supply of information about the toxic effects of lipophilic compounds, since an impairment of cell growth usually occurs as a result of perturbations related, in most cases, with the partition of toxicants in membranes."	( Use of the microorganism Bacillus stearothermophilus as a model to evaluate toxicity of the lipophilic environmental pollutant endosulfan. Antunes-Madeira, MC; Jurado, AS; Madeira, VM; Martins, JD; Monteiro, JP, )	0.34
" The present work was therefore undertaken to evaluate the toxic effect of endosulfan on the vital organs viz."	( Hepato and nephrotoxicity in rat exposed to endosulfan. Choudhary, N; Joshi, SC; Sharma, M; Verma, P, 2003)	0.81
" In contrast, indoxacarb had no adverse effect on the reproductive capacity of wasps surviving a treatment or the developing wasps in the aphid mummy."	( The contact toxicity of indoxacarb and five other insecticides to Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), beneficials used in the greenhouse industry. Akalach, M; Bostanian, NJ, 2004)	0.32
" Median lethal concentrations (LC50), "incipient" LC50, median lethal time (LT50) the "maximum acceptable concentration of the toxic compound" (MACT) and "the safety level" (SL) were determined."	( [Toxic effect of DDT and endosulfan in white shrimp postlarvae Litopenaeus vannamei (Decapoda: Penaeidae) from Chiapas, Mexico]. Castro-Castro, V; González-Huerta, LV; Siu-Rodas, Y; Sokolov, MY, )	0.43
" Endosulfan and cypermethrin were highly toxic towards eggs and larvae with mortality rates ranging from 80% to 100%."	( Side effects of conventional and non-conventional insecticides on eggs and larvae of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in Argentine. Pineda, P; Schneider, MI; Smagghe, G, 2006)	1.24
"Dietary exposures to environmental food pollutants such as mycotoxin(s) or pesticide(s) have gained immense significance due to their adverse effects on production and reproduction in animal and human populations."	( Citrinin and endosulfan induced maternal toxicity in pregnant Wistar rats: pathomorphological study. Dwivedi, P; Kumar, M; Patil, RD; Sharma, AK; Singh, ND, )	0.5
" Organochlorine insecticides are highly toxic compounds that are responsible for a number of severe intoxications worldwide, with several deaths."	( Two cases of acute endosulfan toxicity. Ela, Y; Kücüker, H; Yavuz, Y; Yüksel, S; Yurumez, Y, )	0.46
" The data suggested that AA has beneficial influences in neutralizing the toxic effects of endosulfan in the spermatologic parameters of NZW males."	( Protective role of ascorbic acid on subacute sperm toxicity in male New Zealand white rabbits treated with endosulfan. Ata, A; Gulay, MS; Hatipoglu, FS; Yildiz-Gulay, O, 2007)	0.77
"Genotoxicity biomarkers are widely measured in ecotoxicology as molecular toxic endpoints of major environmental pollutants."	( Investigating the relationship between embryotoxic and genotoxic effects of benzo[a]pyrene, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol and endosulfan on Crassostrea gigas embryos. Akcha, F; Caisey, X; Quiniou, F; Rousseau, S; Wessel, N, 2007)	0.55
" According to the categories established in the EU legislation, atrazine can be considered non-harmful for the species tested, while the insecticides can be considered very toxic for the crustaceans."	( Acute toxicity of atrazine, endosulfan sulphate and chlorpyrifos to Vibrio fischeri, Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnia magna, relative to their concentrations in surface waters from the Alentejo region of Portugal. Barbosa, IR; Fernandes, RM; Palma, P; Palma, VL; Soares, AM, 2008)	0.64
" This study brought to light the protective effects of vitamin E on the toxic pathological lesions caused by endosulfan administration."	( Histopathological observations on protective effects of vitamin E on endosulfan induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Farshid, AA; Heydari, R; Ilkhanipour, M; Jalili, S; Salehi, S, 2007)	0.79
" Endosulfan has histopathological toxic effects on many organs and this toxic effect occurs within a short period after ingestion."	( Fatal acute endosulfan toxicity: a case report. Kucuker, H; Sahin, O; Yavuz, Y; Yürümez, Y, 2009)	1.64
" The results revealed that endosulfan is highly toxic for rabbit livers."	( Effect of vitamin C in reducing the toxicity of endosulfan in liver in rabbits. Mor, F; Ozmen, O, 2010)	0.91
" For the insecticide endosulfan, previous studies have found that low concentrations can be very highly toxic to amphibians and have suggested that this mortality may exhibit important lag effects."	( Very highly toxic effects of endosulfan across nine species of tadpoles: lag effects and family-level sensitivity. Hammond, JI; Jones, DK; Relyea, RA, 2009)	0.96
"Endosulfan can cause toxic effects on rabbit pancreases, but vitamin C has an ameliorative effect."	( Pathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the pancreas in subacute endosulfan toxicity in rabbits. Mor, F; Ozmen, O; Sahinduran, S, 2010)	2.03
"Pesticides often cause environmental pollution and adverse effects on human health."	( Genotoxic effects of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, endosulfan and 2,4-D on human peripheral lymphocytes cultured from smokers and nonsmokers. Sandal, S; Yilmaz, B, 2011)	0.62
" However, little is known about the molecular players/pathways underlying the adverse effects of endosulfan."	( Transcriptome analysis provides insights for understanding the adverse effects of endosulfan in Drosophila melanogaster. Abdin, MZ; Chowdhuri, DK; Kumar, R; Mishra, M; Ram, KR; Sharma, A, 2011)	0.81
"This study has investigated the effect of two highly toxic pesticides, monocrotophos (organophosphate) and endosulphan (organochlorine), on the inducibility of two major heat shock proteins, the HSP60 and HSP70, essential for cell survival, in the house fly Musca domestica."	( In vitro induction of the ubiquitous 60 and 70KD heat shock proteins by pesticides monocrotophos and endosulphan in Musca domestica: potential biomarkers of toxicity. Reddy, PV; Rohilla, MS; Sharma, S; Tiwari, PK, 2011)	0.37
" Since endosulfan is a frequently used pesticide, and the incidence of toxic injury to the liver tissue in relation to its widespread use reported in the literature, we considered it necessary to investigate whether endosulfan-induced liver injury could be route of exposure dependent."	( Endosulfan-induced hepatotoxicity is route of exposure independent in rats. Asuquo, EN; Eteng, MU; Uboh, FE, 2011)	2.27
" These results illustrate the ameliorating effect of SA under stress conditions and reveal that SA is more effective in alleviating the toxic effects of insecticides at higher concentrations than that at lower concentrations."	( Exogenous application of salicylic acid to alleviate the toxic effects of insecticides in Vicia faba L. Singh, A; Singh, AK; Srivastava, AK, 2013)	0.39
" The immediate apparent advantage of low and early toxic effects is discussed and the high sensitivity of the escape behavior suggests that it could be a complementary endpoint to be used in future ecotoxicological tests."	( Microcrustaceans escape behavior as an early bioindicator of copper, chromium and endosulfan toxicity. Gagneten, AM; Gutierrez, MF; Paggi, JC, 2012)	0.6
" Thus, it is seen that the use of biochemical biomarkers of environmental contamination in this study proved to be an extremely important tool for detecting the adverse effects of xenobiotics in the aquatic environment, even at low concentration."	( Assessment of the sublethal toxicity of organochlorine pesticide endosulfan in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Bainy, AC; Klemz, C; Marques, MR; Salvo, LM; Silva de Assis, HC; Silva, JR; Ventura, EC, 2012)	0.62
" They are condemned for health adverse effects such as cancer, reproductive defects, neurobehavioral abnormalities, endocrine and immunological toxicity."	( Persistent organochlorinated pesticides and mechanisms of their toxicity. Brambilla, G; Colosio, C; Moretto, A; Mrema, EJ; Rubino, FM; Tsatsakis, AM, 2013)	0.39
" These results provided information on potential biomarkers that could be effectively applied to the biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystem in areas susceptible to persistent organochlorine compounds contamination, and also information on toxic effects."	( Assessment of the toxicity of organochlorine pesticide endosulfan in clams Ruditapes philippinarum. Pan, L; Tao, Y; Tian, S; Zhang, H, 2013)	0.64
" These results showed that endosulfan resulted in toxic changes in the hearts of rabbits, but this toxicity could be decreased with vitamin C treatment."	( Cardiotoxicity and apoptotic activity in subacute endosulfan toxicity and the protective effect of vitamin C in rabbits: a pathological study. Ozmen, O, 2013)	0.94
" Both pesticides, however, were considerably more toxic under realistic ambient temperature regimes than in a climate-controlled laboratory."	( Interactive effects of pesticide mixtures, predators, and environmental regimes on the toxicity of two pesticides to red-eyed tree frog larvae. Johnson, LA; Welch, B; Whitfield, SM, 2013)	0.39
" Tier II evaluation by spray of pesticides at their field recommended doses on potted mustard plants showed monocrotophos as the highly toxic insecticide with 100% mortality even with 1h of exposure followed by thiamethoxam, dichlorvos, profenofos and chlorpyriphos which are not to be recommended for use in pollinator attractive flowering plants."	( Evaluation of pesticide toxicity at their field recommended doses to honeybees, Apis cerana and A. mellifera through laboratory, semi-field and field studies. Bhatt, JC; Jain, SK; Sah, K; Stanley, J; Sushil, SN, 2015)	0.42
" We examined the toxic effects of endosulfan on New Zealand white rabbit kidneys."	( Effects of vitamin C on pathology and caspase-3 activity of kidneys with subacute endosulfan toxicity. Mor, F; Ozmen, O, 2015)	0.92
" Previous studies have shown multiple adverse health effects of endosulfan."	( Isomers and their metabolites of endosulfan induced cytotoxicity and oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells. Dan, L; DeFu, H; Enhui, Z; Jia, L; MengYun, L; Na, C; Ying, Z; Yongsheng, Y, 2016)	0.95
"Endosulfan is enlisted as one of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and exists in the form of its α and β isomers in the environment as well as in the form of endosulfan sulfate, a toxic metabolite."	( Endosulfan isomers and sulfate metabolite induced reproductive toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans involves genotoxic response genes. Dai, H; Du, H; Hong, W; Nie, Y; Wang, J; Wang, M; Weng, N; Xu, A, 2015)	3.3
" Endosulfan was more toxic to silver perch at 30 °C and 35 °C than at 15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C during short exposures of 24 h, but at 96 h, temperature had no effect on toxicity."	( Interactions between water temperature and contaminant toxicity to freshwater fish. Chapman, JC; Gehrke, PC; Lim, RP; Patra, RW; Sunderam, RM, 2015)	1.33
" Exposure to these substances during early development may lead to adverse behavior effects manifested at a later phase of life."	( Developmental neurotoxic effects of two pesticides: Behavior and neuroprotein studies on endosulfan and cypermethrin. Buratovic, S; Eriksson, P; Fredriksson, A; Lee, I; Viberg, H, 2015)	0.64
" Cypermethrin was the most toxic to both eggs (EHC50 in static system = 36."	( Burrowing mayfly Ephemera orientalis (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae) as a new test species for pesticide toxicity. Bae, YJ; Cho, K; Khim, JS; Kim, Y; Lee, YS; Mo, HH, 2016)	0.43
" Gas-liquid-chromatography documented the presence of both α- and β-isomers of endosulfan along with the toxic metabolite endosulfan sulfate (ESS) in the HK of exposed fishes."	( Inducible headkidney cytochrome P450 contributes to endosulfan immunotoxicity in walking catfish Clarias gariepinus. Khatri, P; Kumari, U; Mazumder, S; N, S; Shelly, A; Singh, DK; Srivastava, N, 2016)	0.91
" The current study was carried out to investigate the toxic effects of endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), a freshwater fish, and the alleviating effects of lycopene on the induced toxicity."	( Endosulfan toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the use of lycopene as an ameliorative agent. Ahmed, MM; Bedawy, AM; El-Murr, A; Elsadaawy, HA; Hussein, MMA; Saadeldin, IM; Swelum, AA; Tukur, HA, 2019)	2.19
" Endosulfan, a highly toxic organochlorine insecticide, causes cytotoxic cell death by inducing oxidative stress."	( Oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity of Endosulfan is causally linked to the inhibition of NADH dehydrogenase and Na Carvalho, MS; Murali, M; Shivanandappa, T, 2020)	1.73
"Although the associations between endosulfan and adverse cardiovascular health have been reported, the toxic effects and underlying mechanism of endosulfan on the heart are not well understood."	( Endosulfan induces cardiotoxicity through apoptosis via unbalance of pro-survival and mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathways. Li, X; Liu, J; Sun, Z; Wei, J; Zhang, L; Zhao, Y; Zhou, G; Zhou, X; Zhu, Y, 2020)	2.28
"In the present study, toxic effects, both alone and combined, of bisphenol A (BPA), lead (Pb) and endosulfan (ES) in the low doses were investigated in rat liver and kidney functions."	( Toxicological assessment of low-dose bisphenol A, lead and endosulfan combination: chronic toxicity study in male rats. Dökmeci, AH; Erboğa, ZF; Güzel, S; Karaboğa, İ; Yılmaz, A, 2022)	1.18

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" To date, no physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model has been located for endosulfan in animal species and humans."	( A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for endosulfan in the male Sprague-Dawley rats. Chan, MP; Kawamoto, Y; Morisawa, S; Nakayama, A; Sugimoto, M; Yoneda, M, 2006)	0.81

Compound-Compound Interactions

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Compared to atrazine alone, we detected higher glutathione-S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities (oxidative stress biomarkers) when atrazine was combined with either endosulfan or indoxacarb."	( Effects of endosulfan, thiamethoxam, and indoxacarb in combination with atrazine on multi-biomarkers in Gammarus kischineffensis. Asma, D; Demirci, Ö; Güven, K; Öğüt, S; Uğurlu, P, 2018)	1.06

Bioavailability

Spiked lettuce samples were subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal extraction. The significance of the study is to enhance the bioavailability of soil-bound endosulfan residues as its degradation is limited due to its low solubility.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Concentration versus time data for endosulfan were fitted using the program MW/Pharm, assuming complete bioavailability although it is recognized that the bioavailability of endosulfan after ingestion may have been low and the calculated clearance was primarily due to redistribution."	( Nonaccidental endosulfan intoxication: a case report with toxicokinetic calculations and tissue concentrations. Boereboom, FT; Meulenbelt, J; van Dijk, A; van Zoonen, P, 1998)	0.94
" Spiked lettuce samples were subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal extraction to assess the bioavailability of endosulfan compounds."	( Uptake and bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants by plants grown in contaminated soil. Dean, JR; Esteve-Turrillas, FA; Pastor, A; Scott, WC, 2005)	0.54
" The significance of the study is to enhance the bioavailability of soil-bound endosulfan residues as its degradation is limited due to its low solubility."	( Enhanced biodegradation of endosulfan and its major metabolite endosulfate by a biosurfactant producing bacterium. Odukkathil, G; Vasudevan, N, 2013)	0.91
" The significance of the study is to evaluate the capability of biosurfactant producing bacterial strains in enhancing the bioavailability of endosulfan."	( Biodegradation of endosulfan isomers and its metabolite endosulfate by two biosurfactant producing bacterial strains of Bordetella petrii. Odukkathil, G; Vasudevan, N, 2015)	0.95

Dosage Studied

The reproductive toxicity of the pesticides dicofol, dichlorvos, permethrin, endosulfan, and dieldrin was evaluated. Sixteen hens were randomly divided into four groups of four and dosed with a mixture of PCB105 (2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl)

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Seizures prior to stimulation were evident in a subset of animals from both dosage groups and were never observed in controls."	( Proconvulsant activity of endosulfan in amygdala kindling. Gilbert, ME, )	0.43
" The inhibition of GJIC by the cyclodienes showed similar dose-response relationships and kinetics of onset of inhibition and reversibility for both mouse and rat hepatocytes."	( Inhibition of hepatocyte gap junctional intercellular communication by endosulfan, chlordane and heptachlor. Flodstrom, S; Fransson, R; Klaunig, JE; Ruch, RJ; Warngard, L, 1990)	0.51
" The pesticide produced rhythmic bursts of spikes and waves of seizure pattern that started 25-30 minutes after dosing and persisted for 60-minutes."	( Effect of endosulfan of bioelectrical activity of brain in rats. Anand, M; Gopal, K; Gupta, GS; Khanna, RN, 1980)	0.66
" Twelve lactating goats were dosed orally with endosulfan (1 mg/kg body weight per day) for 28 days."	( Residues of endosulfan in the tissues of lactating goats. Ladds, PW; McSweeney, CS, 1993)	0.92
" Endosulfan + dimethoate + carbaryl produced the most effective changes in comparison to single dosing or other pesticide combinations."	( Effects of combinations of endosulfan, dimethoate and carbaryl on immune and hematological parameters of rats. Akay, MT; Elcüman, EA; Ozmen, G, 1999)	1.51
" Each hen was injected subcutaneously every 4 d during a 21-d period with 100 microliters of the dosing solution during both experiments."	( Maternal transfer of contaminants: case study of the excretion of three polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and technical-grade endosulfan into eggs by white Leghorn chickens (Gallus domesticus). Bargar, TA; Cobb, GP; Scott, GI, 2001)	0.52
"Temporal and dose-response relationships of vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA induction and subsequent plasma VTG accumulation were established for sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) treated with p-nonylphenol (an alkylphenol) and the organochlorine pesticides methoxychlor and endosulfan."	( Effects of p-nonylphenol, methoxychlor, and endosulfan on vitellogenin induction and expression in sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus). Bowman, CJ; Denslow, ND; Folmar, LC; Hemmer, BL; Hemmer, MJ; Hoglund, MD; Kroll, KJ; Marcovich, D, 2001)	0.75
" One group of five eggs was removed from the incubator at each of 9, 14, and 19 days of incubation; dissected into three compartments (embryo, chorioallantoic membrane, and yolk + albumin); weighed; frozen; and then later analyzed for the dosing chemicals."	( Uptake and distribution of three PCB congeners and endosulfan by developing white leghorn chicken embryos (Gallus domesticus). Bargar, TA; Cobb, GP; Scott, GI, 2001)	0.56
" This package was more friendly towards environment than farmers' practices since seed treatment does not harm beneficials at the beginning of cotton growing season while 1 and 5 sprays were saved against respectively the American bollworm and sucking pests and more than 50% of the sprays directed against American bollworms involved biological insecticides (Bacillus thuringiensis toxins potentialized by a low dosage of endosulfan)."	( First steps to improve cotton crop management in Thailand. Charusri, J; Dessauw, D; Pagès, J; Renou, A, 2001)	0.48
" Sixteen hens were randomly divided into four groups of four and dosed with a mixture of PCB105 (2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl), PCB156(2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl), PCB189 (2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-heptachlorobiphenyl), and technical grade endosulfan (3:1 ratio of alpha and beta isomers) at three different dose groups."	( Chorioallantoic membranes indicate avian exposure and biomarker responses to environmental contaminants: a laboratory study with White Leghorn chickens (Gallus domesticus). Bargar, TA; Cobb, GP; Scott, GI, 2003)	0.5
" Ozonation kinetics of beta-endosulfan and effects of some parameters such as pH, temperature, partial pressure and ozone dosage on oxidation were investigated."	( Beta-endosulfan removal from water by ozone oxidation. Kinaci, C; Yazgan, MS, 2003)	1.13
" However, females reared from larvae dosed with deltamethrin had significantly higher titers of sex pheromone than those treated with endosulfan, malathion, or carbaryl, or control individuals."	( Sex pheromones and reproductive behavior of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) moths reared from larvae treated with four insecticides. Du, J; Huang, Y; Wei, H, 2004)	0.53
" For mixtures with malathion on algae, dose-response surfaces were made and the results tested against the model of concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA)."	( Organophosphorous insecticides as herbicide synergists on the green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and the aquatic plant Lemna minor. Abbaspoor, M; Cedergreen, N; Munkegaard, M, 2008)	0.35
" Dose-response bioassays were conducted on area-wide collection of bollworm populations from major host plants, while biochemical techniques were used to evaluate basic mechanisms underlying resistance."	( Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa. Achaleke, J; Brévault, T; Ghogomu, RT; Martin, T; Vaissayre, M, 2009)	0.35
" This study will provide information on dose-response relationship and risk assessment in domestic buffaloes."	( Chlorpyrifos and endosulfan affect buffalo oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo development in vitro directly and through cumulus cells. Gupta, PS; Nandi, S; Ravindra, JP; Roy, SC; Selvaraju, S, 2011)	0.71
" In order to evaluate potential adverse health effects of low-level exposure to agrochemicals, the reproductive toxicity of the pesticides dicofol, dichlorvos, permethrin, endosulfan, and dieldrin was evaluated in rats dosed with these chemicals individually or as mixtures."	( Decreased sperm motility in rats orally exposed to single or mixed pesticides. da Silva Franchi, CA; de Camargo, JL; Fernandez, CD; Kempinas, Wde G; Martinez, MF; Perobelli, JE, 2010)	0.55
"We conducted dose-response exposures to compare the lethality of endosulfan, diazinon, and azinphosmethyl in the early-life stages of the Great Basin spadefoot (Spea intermontana) and the Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla)."	( Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of endosulfan, azinphosmethyl, and diazinon on Great Basin spadefoot (Spea intermontana) and Pacific treefrog (Pseudacris regilla). Bishop, CA; Cheng, K; De Jong Westman, A; Elliott, J; van Aggelen, G, 2010)	0.85
" pH, equilibrium time, shaking speed and sorbent dosage were optimized as 2, 60 min, 125 rpm and 50 mg, respectively."	( An efficient calix[4]arene based silica sorbent for the removal of endosulfan from water. Latif, Y; Memon, N; Memon, S, 2011)	0.61
" Test concentrations were maintained using an intermittent flow-through dosing apparatus supplying exposure water at 20L/h."	( Application of protein expression profiling to screen chemicals for androgenic activity. Harris, PS; Hemmer, MJ; Salinas, KA, 2011)	0.37
" The results indicated that the effect of endosulfan dosage on daily weight gain was not significant."	( The effects of endosulfan on the growth and erythrocyte immune function of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Wu, YH; Zhang, M; Zhou, HN; Zhou, XQ, 2012)	1
" An ozone dosage of 57 mg min(-1) was found to be optimal for the degradation of both endosulfan (89%) and lindane (43%)."	( Endosulfan and lindane degradation using ozonation. Begum, A; Gautam, SK, )	1.8
" The activity of GST was without consistent dose-response reaction, but generally the investigated insecticides caused the increase in GST activity."	( Effects of individual and binary-combined commercial insecticides endosulfan, temephos, malathion and pirimiphos-methyl on biomarker responses in earthworm Eisenia andrei. Hackenberger, BK; Hackenberger, DK; Lončarić, Ž; Stepić, S; Velki, M, 2013)	0.63
" Full dose-response bioassays on third instar larvae were performed by topical application."	( Resurgence of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera in northern Greece associated with insecticide resistance. Bentila, M; Kapantaidaki, D; Mironidis, GK; Morou, E; Savopoulou-Soultani, M; Vontas, J, 2013)	0.39
" Interestingly, the effects of these compounds have produced differential effects in juveniles and adults which also vary based on exposure dosage and duration."	( Pesticide- and sex steroid analogue-induced endocrine disruption differentially targets hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal system during gametogenesis in teleosts - A review. Senthilkumaran, B, 2015)	0.42
" Analyses of the tissues collected 1 week after the final dosing revealed lymphocyte depletion and necrosis in spleens of the hosts that received the pesticide (END only and END + C); hemorrhage and slight neutrophilic infiltration was also noted."	( Endosulfan splenic pathology and amelioration by vitamin C in New Zealand rabbit. Ozmen, O, 2016)	1.88
" Based on the results of sorption/desorption tests, the optimal dosage of PAC amendment for ED-contaminated soils was determined as 1% (w/w), and at this dosage, all ED residues were sorbed completely onto the PAC-amended soils without any desorption."	( Accumulation characteristics of endosulfan soil residues in soybean and reduction in their phytoavailability by treatment with powdered activated carbon. Hwang, JI; Kim, JE; Wilson, PC, 2020)	0.84

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Role	Description
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist	null
acaricide	A substance used to destroy pests of the subclass Acari (mites and ticks).
agrochemical	An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture.
persistent organic pollutant	Any environmental contaminant that is resistant to environmental degradation through photolytic, biological or chemical processes. Such substances can have significant impact on health and the environment, as they persist in the environment, bioaccumulate in animal tissue and so biomagnify in food chains.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	A sub-category of organochlorine insecticides, the members of which are all derived from hexachlorocyclopentadiene. They possess a structure based on two 3-dimensional carbon ring units, one of which is heavily chlorinated.
cyclic sulfite ester
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	50.1187	0.0032	45.4673	12,589.2998	AID2517
interleukin 8	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	66.8242	0.0473	49.4806	74.9780	AID651758
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	54.9612	3.1890	29.8841	59.4836	AID1224846; AID1224894
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	51.3985	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159521; AID1159523
SMAD family member 2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	54.9768	0.1737	34.3047	61.8120	AID1346859; AID1346924
SMAD family member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	54.9768	0.1737	34.3047	61.8120	AID1346859; AID1346924
GLI family zinc finger 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	24.9180	0.0007	14.5928	83.7951	AID1259368; AID1259369; AID1259392
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	52.7676	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID1259243; AID1259247; AID743035; AID743036; AID743042; AID743053; AID743054; AID743063
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	72.7700	0.0133	26.9810	70.7614	AID1346978
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	0.0013	18.0743	39.8107	AID926
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	53.6787	0.0006	57.9133	22,387.1992	AID1259377; AID1259378
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.9402	0.0010	22.6508	76.6163	AID1224839
progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.8261	0.0004	17.9460	75.1148	AID1346784; AID1346795
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	56.3772	0.0002	14.3764	60.0339	AID720691; AID720692; AID720719
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	52.6897	0.0030	41.6115	22,387.1992	AID1159552; AID1159553; AID1159555
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	32.6362	0.0008	17.5051	59.3239	AID1159527; AID1159531
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	44.1784	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224841; AID1224842; AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259401; AID1259403
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	57.7823	0.3758	27.4851	61.6524	AID743217; AID743220; AID743239
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	20.1051	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID1346982; AID720659
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	46.7108	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID1259244; AID1259248; AID588514; AID743069; AID743075; AID743077; AID743078; AID743079; AID743080; AID743091
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	53.9031	0.0010	24.5048	61.6448	AID588535; AID743212; AID743215; AID743227
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	54.9141	0.0010	19.4141	70.9645	AID743191
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	47.1503	0.0237	23.2282	63.5986	AID588543; AID743222; AID743223
caspase-3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	72.7700	0.0133	26.9810	70.7614	AID1346978
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	47.9268	0.0017	23.8393	78.1014	AID743083
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	17.3752	0.0016	28.0151	77.1139	AID1224843; AID1224895; AID1259385
activating transcription factor 6	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	56.4818	0.1434	27.6121	59.8106	AID1159516; AID1159519
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	40.8503	0.1549	17.8702	43.6557	AID1346877; AID1346891
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	56.3131	19.7391	45.9784	64.9432	AID1159509; AID1159518
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	28.6694	0.0578	21.1097	61.2679	AID1159526; AID1159528
Histone H2A.x	Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)	Potency	85.9765	0.0391	47.5451	146.8240	AID1224845; AID1224896
Caspase-7	Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)	Potency	76.8806	0.0067	23.4960	68.5896	AID1346980
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	28.1838	0.0178	9.6374	44.6684	AID588834
caspase-3	Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)	Potency	76.8806	0.0067	23.4960	68.5896	AID1346980
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	49.3542	0.0003	23.4451	159.6830	AID743065; AID743066; AID743067
heat shock protein beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	43.3555	0.0420	27.3789	61.6448	AID743210; AID743228
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	58.6859	0.0006	27.2152	1,122.0200	AID651741; AID743202; AID743219
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	2.5119	0.0316	10.2792	39.8107	AID884; AID885
lethal factor (plasmid)	Bacillus anthracis str. A2012	Potency	19.9526	0.0200	10.7869	31.6228	AID912
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	2.5119	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	68.5199	0.0015	57.7890	15,848.9004	AID1259244
Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	72.4784	0.0023	19.5956	74.0614	AID651631; AID720552
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	2.5119	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	2.5119	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	2.5119	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	68.5199	0.0015	51.7393	15,848.9004	AID1259244
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	2.5119	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	2.5119	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	2.5119	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	2.5119	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	2.5119	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	2.5119	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	2.5119	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	21.1317	0.0266	22.4482	66.8242	AID651802
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	2.5119	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	2.5119	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	2.5119	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	44.6684	0.0158	23.5273	44.6684	AID651778
GABA theta subunit	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	2.5119	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	2.5119	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	48.2500	0.0075	1.3612	5.5000	AID406995
Androgen receptor	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	23.4423	0.0010	1.9794	14.1600	AID255211
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitment	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
autophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transduction	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replication	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespan	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substance	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-ray	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expression	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
viral process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signaling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growth	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repair	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibiotic	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behavior	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ development	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organization	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell death	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assembly	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-C	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin D	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagy	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcription	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transition	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processing	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvate	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shunt	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxia	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferation	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescence	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid biosynthetic process	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen biosynthetic process	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosome organization	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
skeletal muscle tissue development	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic process	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
gene expression	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
bone development	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
adipose tissue development	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
testosterone biosynthetic process	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to metal ion	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glucose metabolic process	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of steroid metabolic process	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathway	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expression	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to sterol	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of circadian rhythm	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fat cell differentiation	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
adipose tissue development	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
T-helper 17 cell differentiation	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of hepatocyte apoptotic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of signaling receptor activity	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transformation of host cell by virus	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxia	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
gluconeogenesis	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
heart development	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nutrient	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
epidermis development	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to starvation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cholesterol storage	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceride	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid metabolic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathway	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of appetite	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to insulin	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expression	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to nicotine	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
wound healing	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
lipoprotein metabolic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythm	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
response to ethanol	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gluconeogenesis	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood pressure	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glycolytic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide metabolic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
enamel mineralization	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to fructose stimulus	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA transcription	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid transport	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
hormone-mediated signaling pathway	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic process	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cell differentiation	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protease binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
p53 binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activity	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin binding	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
catalytic activity	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid binding	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
testosterone dehydrogenase [NAD(P)] activity	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
dihydrotestosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase activity	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
small molecule binding	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
testosterone dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
NADP binding	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
NADP+ binding	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP+) activity	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
estradiol binding	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
oxysterol binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-activated transcription factor activity	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear steroid receptor activity	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatase binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific DNA binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
NFAT protein binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nuclear body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
replication fork	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrix	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
PML body	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand break	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleus	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Cellular tumor antigen p53	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
nucleus	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear body	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
nucleus	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1104163	Insecticidal activity against fourth-instar larval stage of Helicoverpa armigera field strain Pitoa isolated from tomato plant assessed as mortality applied topically onto thorax measured after 48 hr	2009	Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID1104156	Insecticidal activity against fourth-instar larval stage of Helicoverpa armigera field strain Gaschiga isolated from tomato plant assessed as mortality applied topically onto thorax measured after 48 hr	2009	Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID1104164	Insecticidal activity against fourth-instar larval stage of Helicoverpa armigera field strain Pitoa isolated from maize plant assessed as mortality applied topically onto thorax measured after 48 hr	2009	Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID1104170	Insecticidal activity against fourth-instar larval stage of pyrethroid-susceptible Helicoverpa armigera laboratory strain BK-77 assessed as mortality applied topically onto thorax measured after 48 hr	2009	Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID1104155	Resistance factor, ratio of LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of pyrethroid-resistance Helicoverpa armigera laboratory strain GS-RR06 to LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of pyrethroid-susceptible Helicoverpa armigera laboratory strain BK-77	2009	Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID406996	Inhibition of human recombinant 17beta-HSD2 expressed in HEK293 cell lysate assessed as conversion of radiolabeled estrone to estradiol at 40 uM	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Discovery of nonsteroidal 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibitors by pharmacophore-based screening of virtual compound libraries.
AID406994	Inhibition of human recombinant 17beta-HSD1 expressed in HEK293 cell lysate assessed as conversion of radiolabeled estrone to estradiol at 20 uM	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Discovery of nonsteroidal 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibitors by pharmacophore-based screening of virtual compound libraries.
AID1104149	Resistance factor, ratio of LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of Helicoverpa armigera field strain Pitoa isolated from tomato plant to LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of pyrethroid-susceptible Helicoverpa armigera laboratory strain BK-77	2009	Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID977599	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1104142	Resistance factor, ratio of LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of Helicoverpa armigera field strain Gaschiga isolated from tomato plant to LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of pyrethroid-susceptible Helicoverpa armigera laboratory strain BK-77	2009	Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID1104144	Resistance factor, ratio of LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of Helicoverpa armigera field strain Ngong to LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of pyrethroid-susceptible Helicoverpa armigera laboratory strain BK-77	2009	Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID680515	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Doxorubicin efflux (Doxorubicin: 50 uM, Endosulfan: 100 uM) in MDR1-expressing B16/F10 cells	1996	Toxicology and applied pharmacology, Nov, Volume: 141, Issue:1	Interaction of structurally diverse pesticides with the human MDR1 gene product P-glycoprotein.
AID406995	Inhibition of human recombinant 17beta-HSD1 expressed in HEK293 cell lysate assessed as conversion of radiolabeled estrone to estradiol	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Discovery of nonsteroidal 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibitors by pharmacophore-based screening of virtual compound libraries.
AID1104151	Resistance factor, ratio of LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of Helicoverpa armigera field strain Pitoa isolated from maize plant to LD50 for fourth-instar larval stage of pyrethroid-susceptible Helicoverpa armigera laboratory strain BK-77	2009	Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID680884	TP_TRANSPORTER: efflux in MDR1-expressing B16/F10 cells	1996	Toxicology and applied pharmacology, Nov, Volume: 141, Issue:1	Interaction of structurally diverse pesticides with the human MDR1 gene product P-glycoprotein.
AID255211	Inhibitory concentration against recombinant rat androgen receptor expressed in Escherichia coli using [3H]methyltrienolone (R 1881)	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-08, Volume: 48, Issue:18	Impact of induced fit on ligand binding to the androgen receptor: a multidimensional QSAR study to predict endocrine-disrupting effects of environmental chemicals.
AID1104159	Insecticidal activity against fourth-instar larval stage of Helicoverpa armigera field strain Ngong isolated from cotton plant assessed as mortality applied topically onto thorax measured after 48 hr	2009	Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID1104169	Insecticidal activity against fourth-instar larval stage of pyrethroid-resistance Helicoverpa armigera laboratory strain GS-RR06 assessed as mortality applied topically onto thorax measured after 48 hr	2009	Pest management science, Oct, Volume: 65, Issue:10	Esterase-mediated resistance to pyrethroids in field populations of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Central Africa.
AID1112030	Insecticidal activity against Drosophila suzukii assessed as mortality at 1.1 g/ha by direct application at 22 degC measured after 24 hr	2011	Pest management science, Nov, Volume: 67, Issue:11	Laboratory and field comparisons of insecticides to reduce infestation of Drosophila suzukii in berry crops.
AID406997	Inhibition of human recombinant 17beta-HSD2 expressed in HEK293 cell lysate assessed as conversion of radiolabeled estrone to estradiol	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-24, Volume: 51, Issue:14	Discovery of nonsteroidal 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibitors by pharmacophore-based screening of virtual compound libraries.
AID977602	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1159550	Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening	2015	Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11	6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	165 (12.33)	18.7374
1990's	148 (11.06)	18.2507
2000's	415 (31.02)	29.6817
2010's	522 (39.01)	24.3611
2020's	88 (6.58)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	2 (0.14%)	5.53%
Reviews	21 (1.49%)	6.00%
Case Studies	33 (2.34%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (0.07%)	0.25%
Other	1,352 (95.95%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.	2	1	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; sensitiser
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	2.71	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.44	2	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	2.48	2	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	2.46	2	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	8.86	2	1	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	2.02	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
carbamates [no description available]	4	14	0	amino-acid anion
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	7.76	3	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
chlordecone [no description available]	3.26	6	0	cyclic ketone; organochlorine compound	insecticide; persistent organic pollutant
choline [no description available]	4.1	3	1	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.04	1	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	3.25	6	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2.08	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
octane Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms.	2.02	1	0	alkane	xenobiotic
3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.	1.96	1	0	(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	human metabolite
dibenzofuran Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	7.13	1	0	dibenzofurans; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	xenobiotic
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.89	4	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethylamine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	methylamines; secondary aliphatic amine	metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	1.96	1	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
hexachlorocyclohexane Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.	5.84	27	0	chlorocyclohexane
glycine [no description available]	3.8	10	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	1.97	1	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom	2.15	1	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; poison
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	1.96	1	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	2.79	3	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	2.1	1	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.01	1	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	2.25	1	0	cyclitol; hexol
naphthalene [no description available]	1.99	1	0	naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	7.7	3	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	1.98	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
parathion [no description available]	4.03	15	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite
phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'	2.57	2	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes	environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	1.97	1	0	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	2.53	2	0	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	2.37	2	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	1.96	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
taurine [no description available]	7.1	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	2.17	1	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.51	2	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	2.02	1	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
1,2-dimethylhydrazine 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine: A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals.. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine : A member of the class of hydrazines that is hydrazine in which one of the hydrogens attached to each nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group. A powerful DNA alkylating agent and carcinogen, it is used to induce colon cancer in laboratory rats and mice.	2.13	1	0	hydrazines	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.41	2	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2, 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorines.	2.37	2	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; trichlorobenzene	defoliant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	2.94	4	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	2.01	1	0	aromatic amine; triazoles	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide
4-nonylphenol 4-nonylphenol: structure in first source; see also record for nonylphenol. 4-nonylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is para-substituted with a nonyl group.	2.42	2	0	phenols	environmental contaminant
acephate acephate : A phosphoramide that is methamidophos in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group.	7.42	2	0	mixed diacylamine; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphoramide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acetochlor acetochlor : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-phenylacetamide carrying an ethyl and a methyl group at positions 2 and 6 respectively on the benzene ring while one of the methyl hydrogens as well as the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen atom have been replaced by a chloro and an ethoxymethyl group respectively.	2.11	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
alachlor alachlor : An aromatic amide that is N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide substituted by a methoxymethyl group at at the nitrogen atom while one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a chlorine atom.	2.7	3	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	2	1	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	1.95	1	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
atrazine [no description available]	4.75	29	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
azinphosmethyl Azinphosmethyl: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.. azinphos-methyl : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3.	3.71	10	0	benzotriazines; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
bendiocarb bendiocarb: FICAM 80W contains 80% of the above chemical cpd as the active ingredient	1.98	1	0	benzodioxoles; carbamate ester	agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
bentazone bentazone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bentazone : A benzothiadiazine that is 1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by an isopropyl group at position 3.	2.04	1	0	benzothiadiazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	8.29	6	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
butylbenzyl phthalate spatozoate: structure in first source	2	1	0	benzyl ester
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	1.99	1	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carbofuran Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.82	11	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	7.67	3	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropham Chlorpropham: A carbamate that is used as an herbicide and as a plant growth regulator.. chlorpropham : A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of 3-chlorophenylcarbamic acid.	1.94	1	0	benzenes; carbamate ester; monochlorobenzenes	herbicide; plant growth retardant
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	6.74	72	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
clomiphene [no description available]	2.02	1	0	tertiary amine	estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	1.98	1	0	clonidine; imidazoline
clotrimazole [no description available]	1.99	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
coumaphos Coumaphos: A organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an anthelmintic, insecticide, and as a nematocide.	2.6	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organochlorine compound; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antinematodal drug; avicide; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.	5.22	46	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate: structure	3.44	7	0	diester; methyl ester
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	7.39	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazinon Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	5.07	13	0	organic thiophosphate; pyrimidines	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; nematicide; xenobiotic
dichlobanil 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile : A nitrile that is benzonitrile which is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 6. A cellulose synthesis inhibitor, it is used as a pre-emergent and early post-emergent herbicide.	2.05	1	0	dichlorobenzene; nitrile	agrochemical; cellulose synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.	5.29	51	0	chlorophenylethylene; monochlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite; persistent organic pollutant
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	7.61	107	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
dichlorvos Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	4.71	9	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organophosphate insecticide	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
dimethoate Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.	5.03	13	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
benzophenone benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.	2.02	1	0	benzophenones	photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
disulfoton Disulfoton: An organothiophosphate insecticide.. disulfoton : An organic thiophosphate that is the diethyl ester of S-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl] dihydrogen phosphorodithioate.	1.97	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.	4.07	4	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene	environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	1.95	1	0
ethion ethion: minor descriptor (73-82); online & Index Medicus search INSECTICIDES, ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATE (73-82). ethion : An organic thiophosphate that is S,S'-methanediyl bis[dihydrogen (phosphorodithioate)] in which all the hydroxy groups have been converted to their corresponding ethyl esters respectively. Ethion is an organophosphate insecticide with inhibitory activity towards the enzyme acetylcholinesterase ( EC 3.1.1.7).	2.02	1	0	organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide
fenvalerate fenvalerate: synthetic pyrethroid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenvalerate : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	4.92	11	0	aromatic ether; carboxylic ester; monochlorobenzenes	pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
fipronil fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source. fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil.. 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively.	3.91	12	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; dichlorobenzene; nitrile; primary amino compound; pyrazoles; sulfoxide
flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.	1.97	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes	anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	2.48	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
furazolidone Furazolidone: A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514). furazolidone : A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} group. It has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties, and is used in the treatment of giardiasis and cholera.	2.05	1	0	nitrofuran antibiotic; oxazolidines	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antitrichomonal drug; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
glyphosate glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).	8.73	9	0	glycine derivative; phosphonic acid	agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; herbicide
gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.	2.04	1	0
heptachlor Heptachlor: A man-made compound previously used to control termites and other insects. Even though production of heptachlor was phased out of use in the United States during the late 1980's it remains in soil and hazardous waste sites. It is clearly toxic to animals and humans but, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that heptachlor is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (From ATSDR Public Heath Statement, April 1989). heptachlor : A cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoindene substituted by chlorine atoms at positions 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 8. Formerly used to kill termites, ants and other insects in agricultural and domestic situations.	5.38	57	0	cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	agrochemical; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	1.95	1	0	barbiturates
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	1.98	1	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2.4	2	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	2.73	3	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	4.87	34	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.02	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	2.02	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
methamidophos methamidophos: structure. methamidophos : An organic thiophosphate resulting from the N-deacylation of the proinsecticide acephate.	8.27	6	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphoramide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide
methomyl Methomyl: A carbamate insecticide with anticholinesterase activity.. methomyl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of methylcarbamic acid with the hydroxy group of 1-(methylsulfanyl)acetaldoxime.	2.43	2	0	aliphatic sulfide; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; nematicide; xenobiotic
methoxychlor Methoxychlor: An insecticide. Methoxychlor has estrogenic effects in mammals, among other effects.	4.29	19	0	organochlorine insecticide
methyl parathion Methyl Parathion: The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.. parathion-methyl : A C-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	8.61	9	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; genotoxin
metolachlor metolachlor: structure given in first source. metolachlor : A racemate that consists of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-metolachlor.. 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide : An organochlorine compound that is 2-chloroacetamide substituted by a (2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl) group at the nitrogen atom.	8.11	5	0	aromatic amide; benzenes; ether; organochlorine compound
mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.	2.51	2	0	diarylmethane
muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.	2	1	0	alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound	fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug
nafoxidine Nafoxidine: An estrogen antagonist that has been used in the treatment of breast cancer.	2.02	1	0	benzenes; naphthalenes; ring assembly
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	7.31	1	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
4-chlorophenol 4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom.	2	1	0	monochlorophenol
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	7.65	3	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
phosalone phosalone: structure. phosalone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles carrying a [(diethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at the nitrogen atom, an oxo group at position 2 and a chloro group at position 6. It is an organothiophosphate insecticide.	2.37	2	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; carbamate ester; organochlorine insecticide; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
propanil Propanil: A chlorinated anilide that is used as an herbicide.. propanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of propanoic acid with the amino group of 3,4-dichloroaniline. It is a herbicide used for the treatment of numerous grasses and broad-leaved weeds in rice, potatoes, and wheat.	2.05	1	0	anilide; dichlorobenzene	herbicide
propargite Omite: structure	2.05	1	0	sulfite ester; terminal acetylenic compound	sulfite ester acaricide
propoxur Propoxur: A carbamate insecticide.. propoxur : A carbamate ester that is phenyl methylcarbamate substituted at position 2 by a propan-2-yloxy group.	2.92	4	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
roxarsone Roxarsone: An arsenic derivative which has anticoccidial action and promotes growth in animals.. roxarsone : An organoarsonic acid where the organyl group is 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl.	2.08	1	0	2-nitrophenols; organoarsonic acid	agrochemical; animal growth promotant; antibacterial drug; coccidiostat
butyl phosphorotrithioate butyl phosphorotrithioate: a herbicide	2.03	1	0	organic thiophosphate	defoliant
simazine Simazine: A triazine herbicide.. simazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	2.71	3	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
spiperone Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ketone; azaspiro compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
sulforaphane sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.	2.05	1	0	isothiocyanate; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
temefos Temefos: An organothiophosphate insecticide.. temephos : An organic sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which the hydrogen at the para position of each of the phenyl groups has been replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group.	2.08	1	0	organic sulfide; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; ectoparasiticide
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	2	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	2.03	1	0	aziridines
thiram Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.. thiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.	7.68	3	0	organic disulfide	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	2.03	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
trifluralin Trifluralin: A microtubule-disrupting pre-emergence herbicide.. trifluralin : A substituted aniline that is N,N-dipropylaniline substituted by a nitro groups at positions 2 and 6 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is an agrochemical used as a pre-emergence herbicide.	8.64	9	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; substituted aniline	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	2.06	1	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
corticosterone [no description available]	2.42	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.02	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	2.02	1	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
piperonyl butoxide [no description available]	2.41	2	0	benzodioxoles	pesticide synergist
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	1.97	1	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	2.02	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
aldosterone [no description available]	2.02	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.	1.97	1	0	organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	2	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
androsterone [no description available]	2.02	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; C19-steroid	androgen; anticonvulsant; human blood serum metabolite; human metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; pheromone
17-desoxyestradiol estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol : A 3-hydroxy steroid resulting from deoxygenation at position 17 of estradiol or estrone.	2.02	1	0	3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	estrogen
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	1.98	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	2.38	2	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	1.98	1	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	2.03	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.41	2	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	2.03	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benz(a)anthracene benz(a)anthracene: 4 fused rings of which one is angular in contrast to the linear NAPHTHACENES. tetraphene : An angular ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings.	2.15	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	2.94	4	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
chlordan Chlordan: A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The EPA has cancelled registrations of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	4.93	36	0	cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
testosterone propionate Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.	2.99	4	0	steroid ester
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	2.25	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.	2.44	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone	anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	2.41	2	0	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	2.03	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	7.04	1	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	2.39	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aniline [no description available]	2	1	0	anilines; primary arylamine
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.	2.02	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	4.39	21	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	2.41	2	0
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	1.97	1	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	1.99	1	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	2.02	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.	2.02	1	0	oxo steroid
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.41	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
dinitrofluorobenzene Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.	2.02	1	0	C-nitro compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; allergen; chromatographic reagent; EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor; protein-sequencing agent; spectrophotometric reagent
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester	adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane: An organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p482)	5.57	23	0	chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	xenobiotic metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	7.17	1	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.05	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
tribromoethanol tribromoethanol: major descriptor (66-90); on-line search ETHANOL (66-90); INDEX MEDICUS search TRIBROMOETHANOL (66-90)	2.05	1	0	alcohol; organobromine compound
methyl sulfate methyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd. methyl sulfate : An alkyl sulfate that is the monomethyl ester of sulfuric acid.	2.25	1	0	alkyl sulfate; one-carbon compound
gibberellic acid gibberellic acid: RN given refers to (1alpha,2beta,4aalpha,4bbeta,10beta)-isomer; structure. gibberellin A3 : A C19-gibberellin that is a pentacyclic diterpenoid responsible for promoting growth and elongation of cells in plants. Initially identified in Gibberella fujikuroi,it differs from gibberellin A1 in the presence of a double bond between C-3 and C-4.	2.07	1	0	C19-gibberellin; gibberellin monocarboxylic acid; lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	2.47	2	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	1.98	1	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
methacrylamide [no description available]	2.1	1	0	acrylamides; primary carboxamide
tetrabromobisphenol a tetrabromobisphenol A: a brominated flame retardant. 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A : A bromobisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups and the phenyl rings are substituted by bromo groups at positions 2, 2', 6 and 6'. It is a brominated flame retardant.	7.1	1	0	brominated flame retardant; bromobisphenol
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	3.99	13	0	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
cumene hydroperoxide cumene hydroperoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd. cumene hydroperoxide : A peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group.	2	1	0	peroxol	environmental contaminant; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; oxidising agent
p-tert-amylphenol p-tert-amylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0	alkylbenzene
quintozene quintozene: active ingredient of variety of fungicides. pentachloronitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which every hydrogen has been replaced by a chlorine. A fungicide used on a variety of crops, including cotton, rice and seed grains, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.	2.04	1	0	aromatic fungicide; C-nitro compound; pentachlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical
diquat Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide.	1.97	1	0	organic cation	defoliant; herbicide
fluorene [no description available]	7.55	2	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
1-naphthaleneacetic acid 1-naphthaleneacetic acid: a plant growth regulator; RN given refers to parent cpd. naphthylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is naphthalene substituted by a carboxymethyl group at any position.. 1-naphthaleneacetic acid : A naphthylacetic acid substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 1.	2.1	1	0	naphthylacetic acid	synthetic auxin
hexachlorobutadiene hexachlorobutadiene: a potent nephrotoxicant in rats; structure	2.1	1	0	organochlorine compound
hexabromobenzene [no description available]	2.11	1	0
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
2-sec-butylphenol 2-sec-butylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-sec-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol carrying a butan-2-yl group at position 2.	2.02	1	0	phenols
uvitex swn Uvitex SWN: optical brightner from Ciba; structure	1.98	1	0	7-aminocoumarins	fluorochrome
diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure	2.6	1	0	aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative
4-phenylphenol 4-phenylphenol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. biphenyl-4-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl carrying a hydroxy group at position 4.	2.02	1	0	hydroxybiphenyls
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2	1	0	xanthene
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	2.43	2	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
2-chlorophenol chlorophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded chlorine atoms.	2.02	1	0	2-halophenol; monochlorophenol
3,4-dichloroaniline 3,4-dichloroaniline : A dichloroaniline having the two chloro-substituents at the 3- and 4-positions.	2.39	2	0	dichloroaniline	epitope; xenobiotic
butylphen butylphen: irritant; structure. 4-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted with a tert-butyl group at position 4.	2.02	1	0	phenols	allergen
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.	2.06	1	0	5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	algal metabolite
1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene [no description available]	2	1	0
methylparaben methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.	2.02	1	0	paraben	antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	1.96	1	0	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
monobenzone monobenzone: structure. monobenzone : The monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone. It is used as a topical drug for medical depigmentation.	2.02	1	0	benzyl ether	allergen; dermatologic drug; melanin synthesis inhibitor
ethylmercuric chloride Ethylmercuric Chloride: A highly toxic compound used as a fungicide for treating seeds.. ethylmercuric chloride : A highly toxic organomercury compound which is used as a fungicide for treating seeds.	2.36	2	0	chlorine molecular entity; organomercury compound	fungicide
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2.03	1	0	alkane
deanol Deanol: An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.. N,N-dimethylethanolamine : A tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.	2.03	1	0	ethanolamines; tertiary amine	curing agent; radical scavenger
3-chlorophenol 3-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol carrying the chloro substituent at position 3.	2.02	1	0	monochlorophenol
n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide [no description available]	2.1	1	0
dicofol Dicofol: An organochlorine insecticide.. dicofol : A tertiary alcohol that is DDT in which the benzylic hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	8.66	9	0	monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine acaricide; tertiary alcohol
tetradifon tetradifon: acaricide; ovicide on deciduous fruits, citrus, cotton and other crops; structure. tetradifon : A sulfone that is diphenylsulfone in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorine at position 4, while the other is substituted by a chlorine at positions 2, 4, and 5.	7.66	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine acaricide; sulfone; trichlorobenzene
tecnazene tetrachloronitrobenzene: sprout suppressant for potatoes; can be either the 1,2,4,5- and/or the 1,2,3,5-tetrachloro isomer; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. tecnazene : A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which the four hydrogens located ortho- and para- to the nitro group have been replaced by chlorines. A fungicide used to control dry rot, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.	2.04	1	0	aromatic fungicide; C-nitro compound; tetrachlorobenzene	antifungal agrochemical
diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	2.45	2	0	diester; phthalate ester	androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	10.37	17	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone: structure in first source	2.02	1	0	benzophenones
captan Captan: One of the phthalimide fungicides.. captan : A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops.	2.49	2	0	isoindoles; organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
indolebutyric acid indolebutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. indole-3-butyric acid : A indol-3-yl carboxylic acid that is butanoic acid carrying a 1H-indol-3-yl substituent at position 1.	2.07	1	0	indol-3-yl carboxylic acid	auxin; plant hormone; plant metabolite
4-tert-octylphenol 4-tert-octylphenol: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	alkylbenzene
fluoranthene fluoranthene: structure. fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring.	2.02	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	2.07	1	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	2.54	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
nitroblue tetrazolium Nitroblue Tetrazolium: Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.	2.02	1	0	organic cation
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.44	2	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
paraoxon [no description available]	2.38	2	0	aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.	2.75	3	0	aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide	mouse metabolite
methysergide Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.	2.37	2	0	ergoline alkaloid
cyproterone acetate [no description available]	2.02	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; chlorinated steroid; steroid ester	androgen antagonist; geroprotector; progestin
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	2.75	3	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
chlorfenvinphos Chlorfenvinphos: An organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and an acaricide.	3.19	2	0	dichlorobenzene; organic phosphate; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organophosphate insecticide	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	immunomodulator; plant metabolite
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	7.01	1	0
epitestosterone Epitestosterone: The 17-alpha isomer of TESTOSTERONE, derived from PREGNENOLONE via the delta5-steroid pathway, and via 5-androstene-3-beta,17-alpha-diol. Epitestosterone acts as an antiandrogen in various target tissues. The ratio between testosterone/epitestosterone is used to monitor anabolic drug abuse.. epitestosterone : An androstanoid that is the C-17 epimer of testosterone.	2.02	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen antagonist; human metabolite
flavanone flavanone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source. flavanone : The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4.	2.44	2	0	flavanones
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	2.15	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
androstenediol Androstenediol: An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).. androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17beta.	2.02	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	2.44	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
flavone flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.	2.44	2	0	flavones	metabolite; nematicide
2,2,4-trimethylpentane 2,2,4-trimethylpentane: nephrotoxic. isooctane : An alkane that consists of pentane bearing two methyl substituents at position 2 and a single methyl substituent at position 4.	2.02	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	fuel additive; nephrotoxin; non-polar solvent
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	3.93	12	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
resazurin resazurin: used as indicator in detection of hyposulfite (sulfoxylate); in food research (reductase test); structure	2	1	0	phenoxazine
allethrins Allethrins: Synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring insecticides cinerin, jasmolin, and pyrethrin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.06	1	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester	pyrethroid ester insecticide
4-cumylphenol [no description available]	2.02	1	0	diarylmethane
pentachlorobenzene pentachlorobenzene: structure. pentachlorobenzene : A member of the class of pentachlorobenzenes that is benzene in which five of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. Now classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention.	7.8	3	0	pentachlorobenzenes	persistent organic pollutant
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	3.18	5	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
o,p'-ddt o,p'-DDT: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation.	3.57	8	0	diarylmethane
ametryne ametryne: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search HERBICIDES, TRIAZINE (75-83) & HERBICIDES (72-74) & TRIAZINES (72-74); RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. ametryn : A methylthio-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-(methylsulfanyl)-1,3,5-triazine substituted by an ethylamino and an isopropylamino group at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	7	1	0	diamino-1,3,5-triazine; methylthio-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide
hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.	2.17	1	0	enoate ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
terbutryne terbutryn : A methylthio-1,3,5-triazine that is 2-(methylsulfanyl)-1,3,5-triazine substituted by a tert-butylamino and an ethylamino group at positions 2 and 4 respectively.	2.17	1	0	diamino-1,3,5-triazine; methylthio-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
fonofos Fonofos: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.	2.07	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
methylparaoxon [no description available]	2.02	1	0	C-nitro compound
methidathion methidathion: widely used on citrus, tobacco, alfalfa, cotton, sorghum & several other crops	7.42	2	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
cytidine diphosphate choline Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides.	1.97	1	0	nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s; phosphocholines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
heptachlor epoxide Heptachlor Epoxide: An oxidation product of HEPTACHLOR formed by many plants and animals, including humans, after exposure to HEPTACHLOR. It has been shown to remain in soil treated with HEPTACHLOR for over fifteen years and is toxic to animals and humans. (From ATSDR Public Heath Statement, April 1989)	3.24	6	0	oxanes
endosulfan sulfate [no description available]	6.59	59	0
4-hydroxybenzophenone 4-hydroxybenzophenone: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0	benzophenones
decabromobiphenyl ether decabromobiphenyl ether: a flame retardant. decabromodiphenyl ether : A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by bromines.	2.11	1	0	polybromodiphenyl ether	neurotoxin
4-chloro-2-cresol 4-chloro-2-cresol: metabolite of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid & other phenoxyacetic acid herbicides; RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-chloro-2-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is o-cresol in which the hydrogen para to the hydroxy group is replaced by a chlorine.	2.02	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenols
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	3.76	10	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
4-octylphenol 4-octylphenol: xenoestrogen. 4-octylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by an octyl group.	2.7	3	0	phenols	metabolite; surfactant; xenoestrogen
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile tetrachloroisophthalonitrile: structure. chlorothalonil : A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops.	3.91	12	0	aromatic fungicide; dinitrile; tetrachlorobenzene	antifungal agrochemical
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	2.75	3	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
methiocarb Methiocarb: Insecticide, molluscacide, acaricide.. methiocarb : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the phenolic group of 3,5-dimethyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenol with the carboxy group of methylcarbamic acid.	7.03	1	0	aryl sulfide; carbamate ester; methyl sulfide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; molluscicide; xenobiotic
decachlorobiphenyl decachlorobiphenyl: structure. decachlorobiphenyl : A polychlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	2.15	1	0	pentachlorobenzenes; polychlorobiphenyl
fluometuron fluometuron: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. fluometuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups. It is a herbicide used for the control of broadleaf weeds and annual grasses in cotton.	2.44	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; photosystem-II inhibitor; xenobiotic
dienochlor dienochlor: structure	2.41	2	0	organochlorine compound
octachloronaphthalene Perna: A genus of freshwater mussel in the family MYTILIDAE, class BIVALVIA. It is found in tropical and warm temperate coastal waters. Most species have green in their shells.	2.07	1	0
mirex Mirex: An organochlorine insecticide that is carcinogenic.	7.59	2	0	chlorocarbon; organochlorine insecticide	persistent organic pollutant
2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: structure. 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by chlorines.	2.02	1	0	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
formothion formothion: was MH 1976-91 (see under INSECTICIDES, ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATE 1976-90)	1.99	1	0	dicarboximide
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	2.41	2	0	thujene	plant metabolite
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	2.13	1	0	carbon oxoanion
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	2.01	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
carboxin Carboxin: A systemic agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. carboxin : An anilide obtained by formal condensation of the amino group of aniline with the carboxy group of 2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxylic acid. A fungicide for control of bunts and smuts that is normally used as a seed treatment.	1.99	1	0	anilide fungicide; anilide; enamide; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; oxacycle; secondary carboxamide	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
terbutylazine terbutylazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N-tert-butyl-N'-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	2.04	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.54	2	0
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	2.06	1	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	2.21	1	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	7.48	2	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2	1	0	titanium group element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	3.53	8	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	7.44	2	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	7.11	1	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.	2.01	1	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	reducing agent
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	2.41	2	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
potassium dichromate Potassium Dichromate: Chromic acid (H2Cr2O7), dipotassium salt. A compound having bright orange-red crystals and used in dyeing, staining, tanning leather, as bleach, oxidizer, depolarizer for dry cells, etc. Medically it has been used externally as an astringent, antiseptic, and caustic. When taken internally, it is a corrosive poison.. potassium dichromate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of dichromic acid.	2.97	4	0	potassium salt	allergen; oxidising agent; sensitiser
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	7.42	2	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
propham propham: minor descriptor (72-85); on-line & Index Medicus search HERBICIDES, CARBAMATE (72-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. propham : A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of phenylcarbamic acid. It is a selective herbicide used for the control of annual grasses and some broad-leaf weeds and is also a growth regulator for control of sprouting in stored potatoes.	7.25	1	0	benzenes; carbamate ester	herbicide; plant growth retardant
methyl demeton methyl mercaptophos: was MH 1972-91 (see under INSECTICIDES, ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATE (1975-90, Prov 1972-74))	2.4	2	0
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	7.42	2	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
lead nitrate lead nitrate: RN given refers to unspecified lead nitrate	2.03	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; lead coordination entity
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	2.03	1	0	cadmium coordination entity
carbendazim carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.	2.46	2	0	benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug; metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
ac 45594 [no description available]	2.02	1	0	aromatic ether
quinalphos quinalphos: RN given refers to cpd with locant for quinoxalinyl group in position 2; structure	3.09	5	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	1.98	1	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.05	1	0
fluorides [no description available]	2.66	2	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
leptophos Leptophos: An organothiophosphate insecticide.. leptophos : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-leptophos. It is an organothiophosphate insecticide that shows neurotoxic effect in humans.. O-(4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl) O-methyl phenylphosphonothioate : An organic phosphonate that is phenylphosphonothioic O,O-acid in which the hydroxy groups are substituted by methoxy and 4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenoxy groups.	1.99	1	0	bromobenzenes; dichlorobenzene; organic phosphonate; phosphonic ester
fenamiphos [no description available]	1.99	1	0	organophosphate insecticide; organophosphate nematicide; phosphoramidate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
fenitrothion Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.	3.38	7	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.1	1	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
tributyl phosphate tributyl phosphate: a detergent. tributyl phosphate : A trialkyl phosphate that is the tributyl ester of phosphoric acid.	2.02	1	0	trialkyl phosphate
pirimicarb pirimicarb: structure. pirimicarb : An aminopyrimidine that is N,N,4,5-tetramethylpyrimidin-2-amine substituted by a (dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy group at position 4.	2.91	4	0	aminopyrimidine; carbamate ester; tertiary amino compound	agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
triazophos triazophos: structure	7.47	2	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
propamocarb propamocarb: RN given refers to parent cpd. propamocarb : A carbamate ester that is the propyl ester of 3-(dimethylamino)propylcarbamic acid. It is a systemic fungicide, used (normally as the hydrochloride salt) for the control of soil, root and leaf diseases caused by oomycetes, particularly Phytophthora and Pythium species.	2.02	1	0	carbamate ester; carbamate fungicide; tertiary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
benthiocarb Saturn: The sixth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its twelve natural satellites include Phoebe and Titan.	1.98	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; monothiocarbamic ester
octachlorostyrene [no description available]	7.15	1	0	organochlorine compound
pirimiphos methyl pirimiphos methyl: structure. pirimiphos-methyl : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-pyrimidin-4-yl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a diethylamino group at position 2.	2.08	1	0	aminopyrimidine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide
dechlorane 602 dechlorane 602: structure in first source	2.11	1	0
pcb 118 [no description available]	2.11	1	0	dichlorobenzene; pentachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
procymidone procymidone : An azabicycloalkane that is 1,5-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,4-dione in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A fungicide widely used in horticulture as a seed dressing, pre-harvest spray or post-harvest dip for the control of various diseases.	2.98	4	0
amitraz amitraz: ixodicide (tick control); structure. amitraz : A tertiary amino compound that is 1,3,5-triazapenta-1,4-diene substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and 2,4-dimethylphenyl groups at positions 1 and 5.	7.4	2	0	formamidines; tertiary amino compound	acaricide; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
promegestone Promegestone: A synthetic progestin which is useful for the study of progestin distribution and progestin tissue receptors, as it is not bound by transcortin and binds to progesterone receptors with a higher association constant than progesterone.. promegestone : A progestin consisting of 17beta-propionylestra-4,9-dien-3-one substituted at position 17 by a methyl group.	2.02	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid	antineoplastic agent; progesterone receptor agonist; progestin
prothiophos prothiophos: caused hypoglycemia & reduced blood urea levels in rats; structure in first source; inhibits acetylcholinesterase. prothiofos : An organic thiophosphate that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ester of O-ethyl S-propyl dithiophosphoric acid.	2.41	2	0	dichlorobenzene; organic thiophosphate; organosulfur compound	agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl : A dichlorobiphenyl that is chlorobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.	2.02	1	0	dichlorobiphenyl; monochlorobenzenes
2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	3.18	5	0	hexachlorobiphenyl
2,2',3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.55	2	0	polychlorobiphenyl
pcb 180 PCB 180: C12-H3-Cl7	2.84	3	0	polychlorobiphenyl
enilconazole enilconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. enilconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-enilconazole. A fungicide used to control a wide range of fungi including Tilletia and Helminthosporium spp. on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals. In veterinary medicine, it is used topically for the treatment of fungal skin infections in cattle, dogs, and horses; it is also used by inhalation for the treatment of aspergillosis in ostriches.. 1-[2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles in which the hydrogen at position 1 is replaced by a 2-(allyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group.	2	1	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 5 position of each benzene ring are replaced by chlorines.	2.13	1	0	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
iprodione iprodione : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione in which the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by an N-(isopropyl)carboxamide group while that at position 3 is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group. A contact fungicide, it blocks the growth of the fungal mycelium and inhibits the germination of fungal spores. It is used on fruit and vegetable crops affected by various fungal diseases. It is also used as a nematicide.	2.75	3	0	benzenes; dichlorophenyl dicarboximide fungicide; imidazole fungicide; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	antifungal agrochemical; nematicide
2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.15	1	0
pendimethalin pendimethalin : A member of the class of substituted anilines that is N-(pentan-3-yl)aniline bearing two additional nitro substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as two methyl substituents at positions 3 and 4. A herbicide used to control most annual grasses and many annual broad-leaved weeds.	2.46	2	0	C-nitro compound; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide
profenofos [no description available]	8.16	5	0	monochlorobenzenes; organic thiophosphate; organochlorine insecticide; organophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
vinclozolin vinclozolin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-vinclozolin. A fungicide used mainly on oilseed rape, vines, fruit and vegetables to control Botrytis, Sclerotinia and Monilia spp.. 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-ethenyl-5-methyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione in which the imide hydrogen is replaced by a 3,5-dichlorophenyl group.	2.07	1	0	dicarboximide; dichlorobenzene; olefinic compound; oxazolidinone
thidiazuron [no description available]	7.1	1	0	ureas
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	3.61	9	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine) Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine): A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls that induces hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity towards thyroxine.. Aroclor 1254 : A mixture of polychlorobiphenyls of unspecified composition, containing 54% chlorine (X = Cl or H).	2.69	3	0
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	4.38	20	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
dibutylaminosulfenylcarbofuran dibutylaminosulfenylcarbofuran: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified thio moieties	2.06	1	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
fenpropathrin, (+-)-isomer fenpropathrin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. fenpropathrin : A cyclopropanecarboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	2.5	2	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	2.44	2	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
fluvalinate fluvalinate: RN given refers to 2-cyano isomer (DL)-isomer	7.44	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile; organochlorine acaricide; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine acaricide; organofluorine insecticide	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
fenoxycarb fenoxycarb: used against mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae); structure given in first source. fenoxycarb : A carbamate ester that is the O-ethyl carbamate of 2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylamine.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; carbamate ester	environmental contaminant; insecticide; juvenile hormone mimic; xenobiotic
sulfometuron methyl sulfometuron methyl: structure given in first source. sulfometuron methyl : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of 2-{[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)carbamoyl]sulfamoyl}benzoic acid.	1.97	1	0	benzoate ester; N-sulfonylurea; pyrimidines	EC 2.2.1.6 (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor; herbicide
metsulfuron methyl metsulfuron methyl : A N-sulfonylurea in which the sulfonyl group is attached to a 2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl group while a (4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group replaces one of the amino hydrogens of the remaining urea group.	2.44	2	0	1,3,5-triazines; benzoate ester; N-sulfonylurea	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
florisil Florisil: hard, porous, granular substance used in vitamin analysis, chromatography, & antibiotic processing	2.03	1	0
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	2.02	1	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol [no description available]	2.02	1	0	stilbenoid
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2	1	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
taleranol taleranol: a metabolite of ZEARALENONE which is a non-steroidal estrogenic lactone used as an anabolic compound in animal feed; a stereoisomer of ZERANOL (alpha-zearalanol)	2.02	1	0	macrolide
bisphenol b [no description available]	2.02	1	0	bisphenol
trenbolone acetate Trenbolone Acetate: An anabolic steroid used mainly as an anabolic agent in veterinary practice.	2.06	1	0	steroid ester
2,3,5,6-tetrachlorohydroquinone [no description available]	1.99	1	0	chlorohydroquinones; tetrachlorobenzene
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	3	4	0	1,2,3-triazole
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.	2.74	3	0	anthocyanidin chloride
alfatradiol alfatradiol: used for treating androgenetic alopecia. 17alpha-estradiol : An estradiol that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17 (the 17alpha stereoisomer).	2.02	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; estradiol	estrogen; geroprotector
4,4'-Dihydroxybenzophenone [no description available]	2.02	1	0	benzophenones
deanol aceglutamate [no description available]	2.03	1	0
enrofloxacin Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.	2.05	1	0	cyclopropanes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
ethofenprox ethofenprox: synthetic pyrethroid for insecticidal efficacy against mosquito larvae & on non-target organisms. etofenprox : An aromatic ether that is the 3-phenoxybenzyl ether of 2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropan-1-ol.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether	pyrethroid ether insecticide
6-hydroxyflavone 6-hydroxyflavone: antioxidant; structure in first source	2.02	1	0	hydroxyflavonoid
hesperetin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
nicosulfuron nicosulfuron: inhibits ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; Accent is DuPont brand name. nicosulfuron : A N-sulfonylurea that is 2-(carbamoylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dimethylpyridine-3-carboxamide substituted by a 4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl group at the amino nitrogen.	2.06	1	0	N-sulfonylurea; pyridines; pyrimidines	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
prochloraz Mirage: a feldspathic porcelain that can be etched & bonded to the tooth. prochloraz : A member of the class of ureas that is 1H-imidazole-1-carboxamide substituted by a propyl and a 2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl group at the amino nitrogen atom. A fungicide active against a wide range of diseases affecting field crops, fruit, turf and vegetables.	2.02	1	0	amide fungicide; aromatic ether; conazole fungicide; imidazole fungicide; imidazoles; trichlorobenzene; ureas	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane: methoxychlor metabolite	2.71	3	0	bisphenol
1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylene [no description available]	2.02	1	0	diarylmethane
difenoconazole difenoconazole : A member of the class of dioxolanes that is 1,3-dioxolane substituted at position 2 by 2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl and 1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl groups. A broad spectrum fungicide with novel broad-range activity used as a spray or seed treatment. It is moderately toxic to humans, mammals, birds and most aquatic organisms.	2.5	2	0	aromatic ether; conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dioxolane; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cyprodinil cyprodinil: structure in first source. cyprodinil : A member of the class of aminopyrimidine that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying additional cyclopropyl and methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6 respectively. A broad spectrum fungicide used to control a range of pathogens including Tapesia yallundae, Botrytis spp., Alternaria spp. and Rhynchospium secalis. Whilst it is a recognised irritant no serious human health concerns have been identified. It is moderately toxic to birds as well as most aquatic organisms and earthworms, but it is not considered toxic to honeybees.	2.5	2	0	aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; cyclopropanes; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
s-methyl benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioate S-methyl benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioate: induces system acquired resistance in wheat; structure in first source. acibenzolar-S-methyl : A benzothiadiazole that is the S-methyl thioester derivative of acibenzolar. A profungicide (by hydrolysis of the thioester group to give the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as a fungicide and plant activator on a variety of crops, including cotton, chili peppers, lettuce, onions, spinach, tobacco, and tomatoes.	2.25	1	0	benzothiadiazole; thioester	antifungal agrochemical; plant activator; profungicide
nsc-172755 butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)	2.1	1	0
equol Equol: A non-steroidal ESTROGEN generated when soybean products are metabolized by certain bacteria in the intestines.	2.02	1	0	hydroxyisoflavans
pyrimethanil pyrimethanil: structure in first source. pyrimethanil : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine carrying two additional methyl substituents at positions 4 and 6. A fungicide used to control grey mould on fruit, vegetables and ornamentals as well as leaf scab on pome fruit. Also commonly employed to control Botrytis cinerea throughout the winemaking process in grapes, must, fermenting must and wine.	2.08	1	0	aminopyrimidine; anilinopyrimidine fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tolclofos-methyl tolclofos-methyl: a fungicide used in the cultivation of cotton, sugar beets, and ornamental plants. tolclofos-methyl : An organic thiophosphate that is 2,6-dichloro-4-methylphenol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group group has been replaced by a dimethoxyphosphorothioyl group. Tolclofos-methyl is a phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitor and fungicide that is used for controlling soil-borne diseases caused by Typhula incarnata, Corticium rolfsii, Typhula ishikariensis, and Rhizoctonia solani.	2.02	1	0	dichlorobenzene; organic thiophosphate	antifungal agrochemical
androstan-3-ol [no description available]	2.02	1	0	3-hydroxy steroid	androgen
novaluron novaluron: insecticide	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoylurea insecticide; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether [no description available]	2.54	2	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound
3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diol 3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls formed formally by chlorination of biphenyl-4,4'-diol at C-3, -3', -5 and -5'.	2.02	1	0	dichlorobenzene; hydroxybiphenyls
3,3'-Dihydroxyhexestrol [no description available]	2.02	1	0	stilbenoid
endosulfan ether [no description available]	3.29	6	0
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	2.42	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate: binds to GABA & ion recognition sites; structure given in first source	2.38	2	0	organic thiophosphate
cyfluthrin cyfluthrin: effective against mosquitoes. cyfluthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and (4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)(hydroxy)acetonitrile.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester insecticide
methoxyfenozide methoxyfenozide: structure in first source. methoxyfenozide : A carbohydrazide that is hydrazine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by 3-methoxy-2-methylbenzoyl, 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl, and tert-butyl groups respectively.	2.44	2	0	carbohydrazide; monomethoxybenzene	environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
4-hydroxy-2',3',4'-5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 4-hydroxy-2',3',4'-5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: structure in first source	2.02	1	0	biphenyls; tetrachlorobenzene
thiamethoxam Thiamethoxam: A nitro-oxazine and thiazole derivative that is used as a broad spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide.. thiamethoxam : An oxadiazane that is tetrahydro-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine bearing (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively.	7.54	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; 2-nitroguanidine derivative; organochlorine compound; oxadiazane	antifeedant; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
indoxacarb indoxacarb: oxadiazine insecticide; structure in first source. insecticide : Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta. In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects.	7.75	3	0	methyl ester; organochlorine insecticide	voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
Zearalanone [no description available]	2.02	1	0	macrolide; resorcinols
1-(4-ethynylphenyl)-4-propyl-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo(2.2.2)octane 1-(4-ethynylphenyl)-4-propyl-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo(2.2.2)octane: GABA(A) receptor ligand for autoradiography	2.7	3	0
chaetoglobosins chaetoglobosins: like CYTOCHALASINS but with an indoyl in place of a phenyl ring at C10; chaetoglobosins A-J; metabolites of Chaetomium species; RN given refers to chaetoglobosin A; structure. chaetoglobosin A : A cytochalasan alkaloid isolated from Chaetomium globosum and Calonectria morganii.	2	1	0
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	1.96	1	0	D-xylose
4-androstene-3,17-diol 4-androstene-3,17-diol: RN given refers to (3alpha,17beta)-isomer	2.02	1	0	3-hydroxy steroid	androgen
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.46	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	8.01	4	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
4'-hydroxyflavanone 4'-hydroxyflavanone: structure in first source. 4'-hydroxyflavanones : Any hydroxyflavanone having a hydroxy substituent located at position 4'.	2.44	2	0	4'-hydroxyflavanones; monohydroxyflavanone
terics terics: medicated blocks used for control of cattle bloat; RN given is for teric N; nonylphenol ethoxylate is resistant to environmental breakdown so EPA discourages use	2.02	1	0
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	2.4	2	0
2'-hydroxyflavanone [no description available]	2.04	1	0
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	2.13	1	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
prizes acetamiprid: structure in first source. (E)-acetamiprid : The (E)-stereoisomer of acetamiprid.. acetamiprid : A carboxamidine that is acetamidine in which the amino hydrogens are substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl and a methyl group while the hydrogen attached to the imino nitrogen is replaced by a cyano group.	2.77	3	0	carboxamidine; monochloropyridine; nitrile	environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic
2,2-(2-chlorophenyl-4'-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene 2,2-(2-chlorophenyl-4'-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene: structure given in first source; metabolite of o,p-DDD (mitotane)	2.76	3	0	diarylmethane
2-hydroxyestradiol 2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.	2.02	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 2-hydroxy steroid	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug
mibolerone mibolerone: prevents estrus in animals & prevents experimental lymphoid leukosis; minor descriptor (80-83); on-line & Index Medicus search NANDROLONE/AA (80-83); RN given refers to (7alpha,17beta)-isomer; structure. mibolerone : An androgen that is nalandrone carrying two methyl substituents at positions 7alpha and 17.	2.02	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid	anabolic agent; androgen
metribolone Metribolone: A synthetic non-aromatizable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.. 17beta-hydroxy-17-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one : A synthetic non-aromatisable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.	2.02	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid	androgen
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	8.69	10	0
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	2.04	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	1.94	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	2	1	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
sodium arsenite sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.	2.05	1	0	arsenic molecular entity; inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; herbicide; insecticide; rodenticide
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	2.03	1	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	2.36	2	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	3.33	6	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
lycopene [no description available]	7.21	1	0	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	3.64	9	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.37	2	0	actinomycin	mutagen
calix(4)arene calix(4)arene: a cyclophane consisting of four phenolic units linked by methylene groups; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	2.02	1	0	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	2.03	1	0	stilbene
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	2.01	1	0	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
dieldrin Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.	7.18	70	0	epoxide; organochlorine compound; organochlorine insecticide	carcinogenic agent; xenobiotic
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	7.73	3	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
isoeugenol [no description available]	2.02	1	0	isoeugenol
tamoxifen [no description available]	2.7	3	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
6-hydroxyflavanone 6-hydroxyflavanone : A monohydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 6.	2.44	2	0	monohydroxyflavanone	fungal xenobiotic metabolite
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.15	1	0
nabam mancozeb: complex of zinc & maneb, containing 20% manganese & 2.5% zinc. mancozeb : A mixture composed from maneb and zineb, which is used as a broad-spectrum contact fungicide.. ethylenebis(dithiocarbamic acid) : A dithiocarbamic acid resulting from the formal addition of a molecule of carbon disulfide to each amino group of ethylenediamine.	3.5	8	0	dithiocarbamic acids
dimethylstilbestrol dimethylstilbestrol: stilbene derivative with anti-estrogenic & anti-fertility activities; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search STILBENES (75-85); RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.02	1	0	stilbenoid
laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.	7.53	2	0
zineb Zineb: An agricultural fungicide of the dithiocarbamate class. It has relatively low toxicity and there is little evidence of human injury from exposure.. zineb : A polymeric complex of zinc with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. Formerly used as an agricultural fungicide for the control of downy mildews and rusts, its use is no longer permitted in the US or the EU.	8.71	10	0	dithiocarbamate salt; macromolecule; zinc coordination entity	antifungal agrochemical
maneb Maneb: Manganese derivative of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been shown to cause irritation to the eyes, nose, skin, and throat.. maneb : A polymeric complex of manganese with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. An agrochemical fungicide, it is used to control a variety of diseases including blight, leaf spot, rust, downy mildew and scab.	3.61	9	0
phosphamidon Phosphamidon: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.	3.48	8	0
azoxystrobin azoxystrobin: a methoxyacrylate analog; a strobilurin fungicide; structure given in first source. azoxystrobin : An aryloxypyrimidine having a 4,6-diphenoxypyrimidine skeleton in which one of the phenyl rings is cyano-substituted at C-2 and the other carries a 2-methoxy-1-(methoxycarbonyl)vinyl substituent, also at C-2. An inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration by blocking electron transfer between cytochromes b and c1, it is used widely as a fungicide in agriculture.	2.02	1	0	aryloxypyrimidine; enoate ester; enol ether; methoxyacrylate strobilurin antifungal agent; methyl ester; nitrile	antifungal agrochemical; environmental contaminant; mitochondrial cytochrome-bc1 complex inhibitor; quinone outside inhibitor; xenobiotic
calixarenes Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.	2.06	1	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2.46	2	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
quercetin [no description available]	3.05	4	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	1.96	1	0	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.11	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
biochanin a [no description available]	2.04	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	2.04	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.02	1	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
kaempferol [no description available]	2.04	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
genistein [no description available]	3.14	5	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
azadirachtin azadirachtin A : A member of the family of azadirachtins that is isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).. azadirachtin : A family of terpenoids isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica).	7.76	3	0	acetate ester; azadirachtin; cyclic hemiketal; enoate ester; epoxide; methyl ester; organic heterotetracyclic compound; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol	hepatoprotective agent
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	2.04	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.	7.25	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
coumestrol Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.	2.43	2	0	coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	2.04	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
cyhalothrin cyhalothrin: acaricidal & insecticidal synthetic pyrethroid; structure given in first source. cyhalothrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.	8.94	12	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
hydramethylnon hydramethylnon: used as fire ant insecticide in southern USA; poorly absorbed by mammals & more than 95% is excreted unchanged in the feces. hydramethylnon : A member of the class of hydrazones that is used as an insecticide for control of ants and cockroaches.	1.99	1	0	hydramethylnon
7-hydroxyflavone 7-hydroxyflavone : A hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group.	2.44	2	0	hydroxyflavonoid
4-hydroxyestradiol 4-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen. 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.	2.02	1	0	4-hydroxy steroid	metabolite
4-hydroxychalcone 4-hydroxychalcone: structure in first source. 4-hydroxychalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.	2.02	1	0	chalcones; phenols	antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite
4'-hydroxychalcone 4'-hydroxychalcone: inhibits TNFalpha-induced NF-κB activation; structure in first source. 4'-hydroxychalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4'.	2.02	1	0	chalcones; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent
4,4'-dihydroxystilbene [no description available]	2.02	1	0	stilbene-4,4'-diol
11-ketotestosterone 11-ketotestosterone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 11-oxotestosterone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is testosterone carrying an additional oxo substituent at position 11.	1.96	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite
oleylamide oleylamide: plastic additive; can cause contact urticaria; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer; a sleep inducing factor. aliphatic amide : A carboxamide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an aliphatic system.. oleamide : A fatty amide derived from oleic acid.	2.03	1	0	primary fatty amide	human metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxystilbene 4-hydroxystilbene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. stilben-4-ol : A phenol having the structure of stilbene with a hydroxy function at C-4 of one of the phenyl rings; the stereochemistry across the alkene bond is not specified.	2.02	1	0	stilben-4-ol
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	7.78	3	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	2.39	2	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	7.44	2	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	2.69	3	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
methoprene Methoprene: Juvenile hormone analog and insect growth regulator used to control insects by disrupting metamorphosis. Has been effective in controlling mosquito larvae.	7	1	0	isopropyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate; isopropyl ester	juvenile hormone mimic
monocrotophos Monocrotophos: An organophosphate insecticide that inhibits monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. It has been shown to be genotoxic.. monocrotophos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 4-(methylamino)-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl ester of dimethyl phosphate.	4.11	15	0	alkenyl phosphate; dialkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid amide; organophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
crotoxyphos crotoxyphos: structure	7.11	1	0	carboxylic ester
ecdysterone Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.	2.05	1	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; ecdysteroid; phytoecdysteroid	animal metabolite; plant metabolite
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	1.98	1	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	2.68	3	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
thiamethoxam [no description available]	2.06	1	0
avermectin b(1)a avermectin B(1)a: RN given refers to avermectin B(1)a; see also avermectins & demethylavermectins	2	1	0	avermectin
bifenthrin bifenthrin: a type I pyrethroid. bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.. kappa-bifenthrin : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (1R,3R)-3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of [(2-methyl-1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl]methanol.	3.32	6	0	carboxylic ester; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	2.03	1	0	ammonium ion derivative
aldicarb Aldicarb: Carbamate derivative used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide.. aldicarb : The oxime carbamate resulting from the addition of 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propanaldoxime to methyl isocyanate. A member of the class of oxime carbamate insecticides, aldicarb is a mixture of E and Z isomers; it is not known which isomer is more active.	3.27	6	0
phoxim phoxim: structure	2.42	2	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.43	2	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
mk 936 [no description available]	2.06	1	0
zeolites [no description available]	7.07	1	0
medigoxin spirotetramat: for the control of a broad spectrum of sucking insects; structure in first source. spirotetramat : An azaspiro compound that is methoxycyclohexane which is fused at position 4 to the 5-position of a 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one that is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by 2,5-dimethylphenyl and (ethoxycarbonyl)oxy groups, respectively (the cis isomer). It is a proinsecticide (via hydrolysis of the ethyl carbonate group to give the corresponding 4-hydroxypyrrol-2-one, "spirotetramat-enol") and is used for the control of a wide range of sucking insects on fruit and potato crops.	2.5	2	0
pydrin, (s-(r,r))-isomer [no description available]	2.06	1	0	fenvalerate	agrochemical; pyrethroid ester insecticide
flubendiamide flubendiamide: activates ryanodine-sensitive calcium release channels in insects; structure in first source	2.5	2	0	organofluorine insecticide	ryanodine receptor modulator
chlorantranilipole chlorantranilipole: anthranilic diamide insecticide.that disrupts mating in codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). chlorantraniliprole : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of 3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of 2-amino-5-chloro-N,3-dimethylbenzamide. The first of the anthranilic diamide insecticides, it is a ryanodine receptor activator and is used to protect a wide variety of crops, including corn, cotton, grapes, rice and potatoes.	2.49	2	0	monochlorobenzenes; organobromine compound; pyrazole insecticide; pyrazoles; pyridines; secondary carboxamide	ryanodine receptor agonist
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	2.02	1	0	benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	2.71	3	0
s-tetradecanoyl-coenzyme a myristoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with the carboxy group of myristic acid.	2.07	1	0	11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA; long-chain fatty acyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	1.98	1	0
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	3.22	6	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	3.03	4	0
gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.	2.02	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	1.98	1	0	glycoside
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.66	3	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	3.08	5	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	2.69	3	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
picrotoxinin picrotoxinin: toxic component of PICROTOXIN; structure; noncompetitive antagonist of ionotropic GABA-A receptors. picrotoxinin : A picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid that is 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-indene-3,7-dicarboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3a, 6, and 7a by methyl, isopropenyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively; in which the double bond at position 2-3 has been epoxidised; and in which the carboxy groups at positions 3 and 7 have undergone gamma-lactone formation by O-alkylation to positions 4 and 5, respectively. A component of picrotoxin.	1.98	1	0
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.	2.7	3	0
nitrogenase Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.	2.06	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.13	1	0
endrin Endrin: An organochlorine compound that was formerly used as an insecticide. Its manufacture and use has been discontinued in the United States. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). endrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of isodrin. It is the endo, endo stereoisomer of dieldrin. It is an insecticide mainly used on field crops such as cotton and grains and has also been used as a rodenticide to control mice and voles. The product is banned in many countries since it is a persistent organic pollutant.	4.22	18	0
opium oxychlordane: metabolite of chlordan more toxic to mammals than parent cpd; structure	2.17	1	0	oxanes
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	4.27	18	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.42	2	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
citrinin Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.	7.04	1	0
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.01	1	0
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.	2.03	1	0	aluminosilicate mineral; mixture	antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	2.71	3	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.72	2	0
pyrethrins [no description available]	6.86	82	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	2.36	2	0
oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).	2.37	2	0
nonachlor nonachlor: component of technical chlordan & heptachlor; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.11	1	0
2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether: brominated flame retardant; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
gibberellins [no description available]	2.07	1	0
aldrin Aldrin: A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). aldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with norbornadiene. A proinsecticide (by epoxidation of the non-chlorinated double bond to give dieldrin), it was widely used as an insecticide before being banned in the 1970s as a persistent organic pollutant.	6.33	49	0
thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.	2.11	1	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	2.13	1	0
exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)	2.46	2	0
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	2.21	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	2.41	2	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	1.98	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	7.31	1	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
pralidoxime pralidoxime: RN given refers to parent cpd; chloride was minor descriptor (75-80); on-line & Index Medicus search PRALIDOXIME COMPOUNDS (66-80). pralidoxime : A pyridinium ion that is 1-methylpyridinium substituted by a (hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 2.	2.4	2	0	pyridinium ion	antidote to organophosphate poisoning; antidote to sarin poisoning; cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	2.45	2	0	guanosines	biomarker
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	8.17	5	0	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
eye [no description available]	1.95	1	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.57	2	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	3.43	2	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	3.43	2	0
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	2.13	1	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.72	2	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.72	2	0
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	2.6	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.61	2	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	2.75	3	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	8.72	10	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	3.72	10	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	4.77	11	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	6.22	32	0
Organophosphorus Poisoning [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Organophosphate Poisoning Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.	2.25	1	0
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	2.52	2	0
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	7.25	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	3.37	6	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	3.37	6	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.31	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	4.76	31	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	3.53	8	0
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	3.84	2	1
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	2.55	2	0
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	2.31	1	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	5.18	18	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Absence Status [description not available]	3.27	6	0
Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)	8.27	6	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.52	2	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	2.15	1	0
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	2.55	2	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.17	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.71	3	0
Scoliosis An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)	7.15	1	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	7.17	1	0
Colitis, Mucous [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.	2.17	1	0
Asystole [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	2.53	2	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.	2.7	3	0
Rhabdomyolysis Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.	2.93	4	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	7.72	3	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	2.08	1	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	3.2	5	0
Microcephaly A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)	2.1	1	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	2.1	1	0
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.49	2	0
Sterility, Male [description not available]	4.22	6	0
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	4.22	6	0
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	7.52	2	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.4	2	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	4.21	17	0
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	2.49	2	0
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced Congenital changes in the morphology of organs produced by exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.	2.11	1	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	3.08	5	0
Bleeding [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	2.43	2	0
Genome Instability [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	2.13	1	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	2.13	1	0
Acrania [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Neural Tube Defects Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)	2.49	2	0
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2.96	4	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	2.15	1	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	7.15	1	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	4.01	14	0
Emesis [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	2.44	2	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	4.01	14	0
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	2.44	2	0
Autism [description not available]	2.96	1	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	3.31	2	0
Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)	2.96	1	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	3.31	2	0
Adipocere [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Agricultural Worker Disease [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.93	4	0
Thrombopenia [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	3.26	6	0
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	2.05	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.93	4	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	2.05	1	0
Lordosis The anterior concavity in the curvature of the lumbar and cervical spine as viewed from the side. The term usually refers to abnormally increased curvature (hollow back, saddle back, swayback). It does not include lordosis as normal mating posture in certain animals ( = POSTURE + SEX BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL).	2.06	1	0
Familial Precocious Puberty [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Puberty, Precocious Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE.	2.07	1	0
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	2.48	2	0
Diathesis [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Pediculosis [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Scalp Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the SCALP.	2.07	1	0
Lice Infestations Parasitic attack or subsistence on the skin by members of the order Phthiraptera, especially on humans by Pediculus humanus of the family Pediculidae. The hair of the head, eyelashes, and pubis is a frequent site of infestation. (From Dorland, 28th ed; Stedman, 26th ed)	2.42	2	0
Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.	2.07	1	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	2.41	2	0
Adrenal Gland Hypofunction [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Adrenal Insufficiency Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.	2.07	1	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	2.08	1	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Aura [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	2.39	2	0
Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.	2.42	2	0
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	2.01	1	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	3.08	5	0
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	2.02	1	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	2.02	1	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Cardiac Output, Low A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.	2.02	1	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	2.02	1	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	2.02	1	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	2.02	1	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	2.02	1	0
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	2.02	1	0
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.	2.03	1	0
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.	2.03	1	0
Malnourishment [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	2.03	1	0
Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.	2.03	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.41	2	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.03	1	0
Hepatic Failure [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)	2.03	1	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	2.03	1	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	7.04	1	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	1.96	1	0
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	2.37	2	0
Manganese Poisoning Manganese poisoning is associated with chronic inhalation of manganese particles by individuals who work with manganese ore. Clinical features include CONFUSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and an extrapyramidal syndrome (PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) that includes rigidity; DYSTONIA; retropulsion; and TREMOR. (Adams, Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1213)	1.96	1	0
Diseases of Endocrine System [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	1.96	1	0
Parathyroid Disorders [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Genito-urinary Cancer [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES.	1.96	1	0
Endocrine System Diseases Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.	1.96	1	0
Parathyroid Diseases Pathological processes of the PARATHYROID GLANDS. They usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PARATHYROID HORMONE that regulates the balance of CALCIUM; PHOSPHORUS; and MAGNESIUM in the body.	1.96	1	0
Urogenital Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female.	1.96	1	0
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	1.96	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Myoglobinuria The presence of MYOGLOBIN in URINE usually as a result of rhabdomyolysis.	1.98	1	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	1.98	1	0
Convulsions, Grand Mal [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)	2.39	2	0
Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.	1.98	1	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	1.98	1	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Brain Damage, Chronic A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.	2.37	2	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	2.39	2	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	2.39	2	0
Basal Ganglia Diseases Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	1.99	1	0
Amaurosis [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.	1.99	1	0
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	1.99	1	0
Acquired Encephalocele [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Eye Abnormalities Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.	2	1	0
Fibroid [description not available]	2	1	0
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	2	1	0
Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.	2	1	0
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	2	1	0
Nutritional Disorders [description not available]	2	1	0
Nutrition Disorders Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.	2	1	0
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Alcoholic Intoxication An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.	1.95	1	0
Action Tremor [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.	2.65	3	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	1.98	1	0
Acid Aspiration Syndrome [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	1.98	1	0
Pneumonia, Aspiration A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	1.98	1	0
Interstitial Nephritis [description not available]	6.98	1	0
Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.	1.98	1	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Carditis [description not available]	6.97	1	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	6.97	1	0
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	6.97	1	0
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	1.97	1	0
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	1.97	1	0
African Sleeping Sickness [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.	1.97	1	0
Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Drooling [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Sialorrhea Increased salivary flow.	1.97	1	0
Reproductive Sterility [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Infertility A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.	1.94	1	0
Ambiguous Genitalia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Disorders of Sex Development In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.	1.94	1	0

endosulfan

Description

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Synonyms (168)

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Overview

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Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (4)

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Protein Targets (62)

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Research Demand Index: 62.16

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endosulfan

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (168)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (4)

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (62)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (187)

Molecular Functions (63)

Ceullar Components (20)

Bioassays (23)

Research

Studies (1,338)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 62.16

Study Types

Related Drugs (507)

Related Conditions (223)