positive regulation of thyroid hormone generation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of thyroid hormone generation. [GOC:obol]

Positive regulation of thyroid hormone generation is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves multiple steps. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, is responsible for producing thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones play crucial roles in regulating metabolism, growth, and development. The process begins with the uptake of iodide from the bloodstream by thyroid follicular cells. Iodide is then oxidized and attached to tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin, a protein synthesized and stored within the follicular cells. This process results in the formation of monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and diiodotyrosine (DIT). Through coupling reactions, MIT and DIT combine to form T3 and T4. These hormones are stored within the colloid, a gel-like substance in the thyroid follicles. When needed, T4 and T3 are released into the bloodstream by proteolytic cleavage of thyroglobulin. The regulation of thyroid hormone generation is primarily controlled by the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. The hypothalamus secretes thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then acts on the thyroid gland to increase the production and release of thyroid hormones. Negative feedback mechanisms are in place to maintain optimal levels of thyroid hormones. High levels of T3 and T4 inhibit the release of TRH and TSH, reducing thyroid hormone production. Positive regulation occurs when low levels of thyroid hormones trigger the release of TRH and TSH, stimulating thyroid hormone production. This intricate interplay of hormones and feedback loops ensures the precise regulation of thyroid hormone levels, which is essential for maintaining normal physiological function.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (9)