MIBK is a colorless liquid ketone with a sweet odor. It is a common industrial solvent used in many applications, including paint thinners, adhesives, and coatings. MIBK is also used in the production of other chemicals, such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides. It is synthesized through a process called aldol condensation, where acetone and isobutylene react in the presence of a catalyst. MIBK is a relatively non-toxic solvent, but it can be irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Prolonged exposure to high levels of MIBK can cause damage to the liver and kidneys. It is studied for its potential applications in various fields, such as organic synthesis, extraction, and separation processes. Its importance lies in its versatility as a solvent and its ability to dissolve a wide range of compounds. It is also a valuable starting material for the synthesis of other chemicals.'
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 7909 |
| CHEMBL ID | 285323 |
| CHEBI ID | 82344 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 13341539 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 15458 |
| MeSH ID | M0047019 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| wln: 1y1 & 1v1 |
| metyloizobutyloketon |
| 4-methyl-pentan-2-on(dutch, german) |
| ketone, isobutyl methyl |
| mik |
| 2-methyl-4-pentanone |
| 2-methylpropyl methyl ketone |
| 108-10-1 |
| 2-pentanone, 4-methyl- |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone |
| methyl-isobutyl-cetone |
| methylisobutylketon(dutch, german) |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanon |
| isopropylacetone |
| isobutyl-methylketon |
| 4-metilpentan-2-one |
| methyl isobutyl ketone |
| mibk |
| nsc-5712 |
| hexone |
| nsc5712 |
| isobutyl methyl ketone |
| 4-methyl-2-oxopentane |
| hexon |
| metilisobutilchetone |
| methyl isobutyl ketone (nf) |
| D04989 |
| inchi=1/c6h12o/c1-5(2)4-6(3)7/h5h,4h2,1-3h |
| 4-methylpentan-2-one |
| 2-pentanone,4-methyl methyl,isobutyl,ketone |
| NCGC00091475-01 |
| isopropyl acetone |
| shell mibk |
| fema number 2731 |
| rcra waste no. u161 |
| 4-metilpentan-2-one [italian] |
| ccris 2052 |
| methylisobutylketon [dutch, german] |
| hexon [czech] |
| nsc 5712 |
| rcra waste number u161 |
| epa pesticide chemical code 044105 |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanon [czech] |
| ai3-01229 |
| einecs 203-550-1 |
| metilisobutilchetone [italian] |
| un1245 |
| isobutyl-methylketon [czech] |
| methyl-isobutyl-cetone [french] |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone (natural) |
| brn 0605399 |
| caswell no. 574aa |
| isohexanone |
| 4-methyl-pentan-2-on [dutch, german] |
| metyloizobutyloketon [polish] |
| hsdb 148 |
| fema no. 2731 |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone, >=99%, fcc |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone, puriss. p.a., acs reagent, >=99.0% (gc) |
| CHEMBL285323 |
| chebi:82344 , |
| AKOS000118793 |
| M0389 |
| A801806 |
| NCGC00091475-02 |
| methylisobutylketon |
| methyl isobutyl ketone [nf] |
| methyl isobutyl ketone [un1245] [flammable liquid] |
| 4-01-00-03305 (beilstein handbook reference) |
| unii-u5t7b88cnp |
| ec 203-550-1 |
| 4-methyl-pentan-2-on |
| u5t7b88cnp , |
| C19263 |
| LMFA12000033 |
| tox21_201108 |
| dtxcid701889 |
| cas-108-10-1 |
| dtxsid5021889 , |
| NCGC00258660-01 |
| 4-methyl-pentan-2-one |
| methylisobutylketone |
| FT-0628744 |
| methyl isobutyl ketone [hsdb] |
| methyl isobutyl ketone [iarc] |
| methyl isobutyl ketone [mart.] |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone [fcc] |
| mibk [inci] |
| methyl isobutyl ketone [usp-rs] |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone [fhfi] |
| methylisobutylketone [usp-rs] |
| isopropylacetone [mi] |
| isobutylmethyl ketone |
| SCHEMBL13341539 |
| SCHEMBL15458 |
| BP-13453 |
| 4-methyl 2-pentanone |
| methyl-iso-butylketone |
| methylisobutyketone |
| 4-methyl-2pentanone |
| 4-methylpentane-2-one |
| iso-butylmethylketone |
| isobutylmethylketone |
| methylisobutyl keton |
| methyl-isobutyl ketone |
| methylisobutyl-keton |
| methyl-isobutylketone |
| methy isobutyl ketone |
| methylisobutlyketone |
| methyl iso-butyl ketone |
| 4-methyl- 2-pentanone |
| methyl iso-butylketone |
| methyl isobutylketone |
| methyl isobutyl keton |
| i-bucome |
| methylisobutyl ketone |
| Q-200495 |
| ethyl iso-butyl ketone |
| methyl-2-pentanon,4- |
| un 1245 |
| methyl i-butyl ketone |
| iso-c4h9coch3 |
| 2-methyl-4-pentanal |
| mfcd00008938 |
| J-515799 |
| F1908-0087 |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone, hplc grade |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone, for hplc, >=99.5% |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone, acs reagent, >=98.5% |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone, analytical standard |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone, saj first grade, >=99.0% |
| methyl isobutyl ketone, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone, jis special grade, >=99.5% |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone, suitable for atomic absorption spectrometry, >=99.5% |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone, >=99% |
| methylpentan-2-one |
| methyl isobutyl ketone, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone, lr, >=99% |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone, puriss., acs reagent, reag. ph. eur., 99.0% |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone, ar, >=99% |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone, technical grade, 95% |
| methyl isobutyl ketone, p.a., acs reagent, 98.5% |
| methyl isobutyl ketone, acs grade |
| 4-methyl-2-pentanone(mibk) |
| Q418104 |
| AMY11098 |
| alfa-[(phenylmethoxy)carbonyl]oxy-1-piperidineaceticacidmethylester |
| methylisobutylketone (usp-rs) |
| methyl 2-methylpropyl ketone |
| methyl isobutyl ketone (usp-rs) |
| methyl isobutyl ketone (iarc) |
| methyl isobutyl ketone (mart.) |
| isobutyl methyl ketone (methyl isobutyl ketone) |
Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) is a solvent used in numerous products and processes. It may be present in the air of the workplace as a vapor.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) is a solvent used in numerous products and processes and may be present in the air of the workplace as a vapor. " | ( Simulation of repeated dose kinetics of methyl isobutyl ketone in humans from experimental single-dose inhalation exposure. Rick, DL; Saghir, SA, 2008) | 2.06 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) has recently been shown to potentiate the cholestasis induced by manganese-bilirubin (Mn-BR) or manganese (Mn) in rats. " | ( Methyl isobutyl ketone metabolites and potentiation of the cholestasis induced in rats by a manganese-bilirubin combination or manganese alone. Plaa, GL; Vézina, M, 1988) | 3.16 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " The 14 weeks of exposure had no adverse effect on the clinical health or growth of rats or mice." | ( A 14-week vapor inhalation toxicity study of methyl isobutyl ketone. Dodd, DE; Fowler, EH; Kary, CD; Moran, EJ; O'Donoghue, J; Phillips, RD, 1987) | 0.53 |
| " MIBK was not toxic via the oral or dermal route of exposure in acute, short-term, or subchronic animal studies, except that nephrotoxicity was observed in rats dosed with 1 g/kg in a short-term study." | ( Safety assessment of MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone). Johnson, W, 2004) | 0.62 |
| " There was a dose-related increase in adult animals with no or a decreased response to a sound stimulus at 1000 and 2000 ppm; however, no adverse clinical signs occurred 1 h after exposure, suggesting this was a transient sedative effect." | ( Inhalation two-generation reproductive toxicity study of methyl isobutyl ketone in rats. Gingell, R; Harris, SB; Nemec, MD; Pavkov, KL; Pitt, JA; Rauckman, EJ; Topping, DC, ) | 0.38 |
| " In order to evaluate the potential of MIBK to induce toxic and carcinogenic effects following chronic exposure, groups of 50 male and 50 female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were exposed to MIBK at concentrations of 0, 450, 900, or 1800ppm by inhalation, 6h/day, 5 days per week for 2 years." | ( Toxicity and carcinogenicity of methyl isobutyl ketone in F344N rats and B6C3F1 mice following 2-year inhalation exposure. Bucher, JR; Chhabra, RS; Herbert, RA; Kissling, GE; Roycroft, JH; Stout, MD; Suarez, F, 2008) | 0.63 |
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " Moreover, the minimally effective dosage needed to potentiate CHCl3-induced hepatotoxicity was approximately 5 mmol/kg for the three compounds." | ( Potentiation of chloroform-induced hepatotoxicity by methyl isobutyl ketone and two metabolites. du Souich, P; Greselin, E; Kobusch, AB; Plaa, GL; Vézina, M, 1990) | 0.53 |
| " The importance of the CCl4 dosage in these combinations, however, has not been explored." | ( Potentiation of CCl4-induced liver injury by ketonic and ketogenic compounds: role of the CCl4 dose. Brodeur, J; Pilon, D; Plaa, GL, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " Dose-response relationships for A, MEK, and MiBK potentiation of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and CHCl3-induced nephrotoxicity were compared." | ( Ketone potentiation of haloalkane-induced hepato- and nephrotoxicity. I. Dose-response relationships. Plaa, GL; Raymond, P, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " MIBK was not toxic via the oral or dermal route of exposure in acute, short-term, or subchronic animal studies, except that nephrotoxicity was observed in rats dosed with 1 g/kg in a short-term study." | ( Safety assessment of MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone). Johnson, W, 2004) | 0.62 |
| " The results indicated that the continuous dosing (0." | ( Potential impact of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) on phenols degradation in an UASB reactor and its degradation properties. Hu, Z; Sierra, JM; Wang, W; Yang, K; Yuan, S; Zhang, X, 2017) | 0.78 |
| Product Category | Products |
|---|---|
| Food & Beverages | 1 |
| Product | Brand | Category | Compounds Matched from Ingredients | Date Retrieved |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| King Arthur Baking Company Unbleached Cake Flour Blend -- 32 oz | King Arthur Baking Company | Food & Beverages | Vitamin C, Folic Acid, mik, Niacin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Thiamin | 2024-11-29 10:47:42 |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| ketone | A compound in which a carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms: R2C=O (neither R may be H). |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1187 | 0.0040 | 23.8416 | 100.0000 | AID485290 |
| aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.5893 | 0.0112 | 12.4002 | 100.0000 | AID1030 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.4856 | 0.0002 | 29.3054 | 16,493.5996 | AID743080 |
| peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 50.1187 | 0.0010 | 19.4141 | 70.9645 | AID588537 |
| potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.8489 | 0.0178 | 9.6374 | 44.6684 | AID588834 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID159270 | Toxicity determined using Microtox Test | 1991 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 34, Issue:5 | Using theoretical descriptors in quantitative structure-activity relationships: some toxicological indices. |
| AID167125 | Eye irritation potential accessed using Draize in vivo rabbit eye irritation test | 2003 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 46, Issue:8 | Mapping property distributions of molecular surfaces: algorithm and evaluation of a novel 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship technique. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 24 (22.64) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 27 (25.47) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 26 (24.53) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 21 (19.81) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 8 (7.55) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (75.90) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 2 (1.72%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 4 (3.45%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 2 (1.72%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 108 (93.10%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ethylene dichloride ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | chloroethanes | hepatotoxic agent; mutagen; non-polar solvent |
| 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene with chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 4. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | trichlorobenzene | |
| acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H). | 5.62 | 14 | 0 | ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent |
| benzene [no description available] | 3.48 | 2 | 0 | aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent |
| benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | benzyl alcohols | antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent |
| 1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes. | 3.49 | 2 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent |
| methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound | bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas |
| choline [no description available] | 2.94 | 3 | 0 | cholines | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic chlorine | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | mouse metabolite |
| 2-cresol 2-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-cresol : A cresol that is phenol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | cresol | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| 3-cresol 3-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. m-cresol : A cresol with the methyl substituent at position 3. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | cresol | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| 3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | (omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid | human metabolite |
| propionaldehyde propionaldehyde: may cause respiratory irritation; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. propanal : An aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent. The parent of the class of propanals. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde; propanals | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
| ethyl 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | alditol; triol | algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent |
| methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. | 3.83 | 3 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| naphthalene [no description available] | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene | apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| 1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | octanol; primary alcohol | antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite |
| oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | 4-nitrophenols | human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.' | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes | environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite |
| phenol [no description available] | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | glycol; propane-1,2-diols | allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent |
| 1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | metabolite; protic solvent |
| pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines | environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | sulfur oxoacid | catalyst |
| sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | sulfur oxide | Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant |
| toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups. | 9.89 | 11 | 0 | methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound | cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent |
| oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline | antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator |
| benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite |
| verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound | |
| ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups. | 3.48 | 2 | 0 | ether; volatile organic compound | inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| 2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group. | 3.49 | 2 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol | protic solvent |
| methoctramine [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; tetramine | muscarinic antagonist |
| potassium iodide Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | potassium salt | expectorant; radical scavenger |
| tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90) | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| corticosterone [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
| estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid | estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine | antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| aldosterone [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| androsterone [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; C19-steroid | androgen; anticonvulsant; human blood serum metabolite; human metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; pheromone |
| etiocholanolone Etiocholanolone: The 5-beta-reduced isomer of ANDROSTERONE. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the URINE.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one : An androstanoid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone in mammals. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid | androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group. | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope |
| carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups. | 4.47 | 7 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloromethanes | hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant |
| chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor |
| aniline [no description available] | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | anilines; primary arylamine | |
| androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid | androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. | 6.97 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. | 8.99 | 4 | 0 | chloromethanes; one-carbon compound | carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | formamides; volatile organic compound | geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent |
| 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; progestin |
| ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia. | 3.78 | 3 | 0 | pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.. 1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | chloroethanes | polar solvent |
| methyl bromide methyl bromide: used in ionization chambers, degreasing wool, extracting oils; insect fumigant; high concentrations can produce pulmonary edema,narcosis; chronic exposure can cause CNS depression,kidney injury; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromomethane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | bromohydrocarbon; bromomethanes; methyl halides | algal metabolite; fumigant insecticide; marine metabolite |
| ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms. | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity | plant metabolite; refrigerant |
| ethyl chloride Ethyl Chloride: A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine.. chloroethane : The simplest and least toxic member of the class of chloroethanes, that is ethane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a chlorine. A colourless gas at room temperature and pressure (boiling point 12degreeC), it is used as a mild topical anaesthetic to numb the skin prior to ear piercing, skin biopsies, etc., and is also used in the treatment of sports injuries. It was formerly used in the production of tetraethyllead. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | chloroethanes | antipruritic drug; inhalation anaesthetic; local anaesthetic |
| acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent |
| methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea. | 3.49 | 2 | 0 | chloromethanes; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant |
| 1,1-dichloroethane [no description available] | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| nitromethane nitromethane: structure. nitromethane : A primary nitroalkane that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replace by a nitro group. A polar solvent (b.p. 101 degreeC), it is an important starting material in organic synthesis. It is also used as a fuel for rockets and radio-controlled models. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | primary nitroalkane; volatile organic compound | EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; explosive; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent |
| tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | tertiary alcohol | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| tert-amyl alcohol 2-methylbutan-2-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is propan-1-ol in which both of the hydrogens at position 1 have been replaced by methyl groups. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic alcohol; tertiary alcohol | protic solvent |
| isophorone isophorone : A cyclic ketone, the structure of which is that of cyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. | 6.97 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; enone | plant metabolite; solvent |
| isobutyl alcohol isobutyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd | 3.49 | 2 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol | Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| propylene dichloride propylene dichloride: Russian drug; structure. 1,2-dichloropropane : A chloroalkane that is propane in which a hydrogen from each of two adjacent carbons has been replaced by chlorines. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | chloroalkane; volatile organic compound | |
| 2-butanol 2-butanol: RN given is for parent cpd without isomeric designation. butan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is butane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | secondary alcohol | |
| methylethyl ketone methylethyl ketone: solvent; colorless synthetic resins, smokeless powders; may be irritating to eyes, mucous membranes; may be toxic in high concentrations; structure. butanone : Any ketone that is butane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.. butan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone that is a four-carbon ketone carrying a single keto- group at position C-2. | 7.13 | 16 | 1 | butanone; dialkyl ketone; methyl ketone; volatile organic compound | bacterial metabolite; polar aprotic solvent |
| 1,1,2-trichloroethane 1,1,2-trichloroethane: RN given refers to cpd with locants as specified. 1,1,2-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1 and 2. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | chloroethanes | |
| trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | chloroethenes | inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite |
| acrylamide [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide | alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin |
| methyl acetate methyl acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of acetic acid with methanol. A low-boiling (57 degreeC) colourless, flammable liquid, it is used as a solvent for many resins and oils. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; methyl ester; volatile organic compound | EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; fragrance; polar aprotic solvent |
| nitroethane nitroethane : A nitroalkane that is ethane substituted by a nitro group. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | primary nitroalkane | |
| 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane: see also record for tetrachloroethane. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1, 2 and 2. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | chloroethanes | |
| taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate | human metabolite |
| penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration. | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | penicillanic acids | |
| 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene trichlorobenzene: commercial grade of trichlorobenzene containing 70% 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene & 30% 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene; see also record for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. trichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying three chloro substituents at unspecified positions.. 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 3. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | trichlorobenzene | |
| 2-nitrotoluene nitrotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes bearing one or more nitro substituents on the benzene ring. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | mononitrotoluene | carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant |
| thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid; phenols | volatile oil component |
| quinoline [no description available] | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines | |
| 2-xylene 2-xylene: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-xylene : A xylene substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 2. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | xylene | |
| 2-dichlorobenzene 2-dichlorobenzene: structure. 1,2-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 2. | 3.48 | 2 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | hepatotoxic agent; metabolite |
| 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | tetrachlorobenzene | |
| diethyl ketone diethyl ketone: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. pentan-3-one : A pentanone that is pentane carrying an oxo group at position 3. It has been isolated from Triatoma brasiliensis and Triatoma infestans. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | pentanone | animal metabolite |
| methylcyclopentane methylcyclopentane: toxic; RN 96-37-7. methylcyclopentane : A cycloalkane that is cyclopentane substituted by a single methyl group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | cycloalkane; volatile organic compound | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| cyclopentanol [no description available] | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | cyclopentanols | |
| ethyl 2-methylpropanoate ethyl isobutyrate : A fatty acid ethyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of isobutyric acid with ethanol. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid ethyl ester | plant metabolite |
| furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group. | 3.44 | 6 | 0 | aldehyde; furans | Maillard reaction product; metabolite |
| butylphen butylphen: irritant; structure. 4-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted with a tert-butyl group at position 4. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | phenols | allergen |
| acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | acetophenones | animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| nitrobenzene nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | nitroarene; nitrobenzenes | |
| styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound | mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite |
| anisole anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | monomethoxybenzene | plant metabolite |
| 2-ethylhexanol [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| ethyl propionate ethyl propionate: cholesterol gallstone solvent. ethyl propionate : A propanoate ester of ethanol. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | propanoate ester | metabolite |
| ethyl butyrate ethyl butyrate : A butyrate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of ethanol with the carboxy group of butyric acid. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | butyrate ester | plant metabolite |
| 2,4-dimethylphenol 2,4-dimethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,4-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 4. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; phenols | disinfectant; volatile oil component |
| 4-xylene p-xylene : A xylene with methyl groups at positions 1 and 4. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | xylene | |
| methyl formate methyl formate: RN given refers to parent cpd. methyl formate : A formate ester resulting from the formal condensation of formic acid with methanol. A low-boiling (31.5 degreeC) colourless, flammable liquid, it has been used as a fumigant and larvicide for tobacco and food crops. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | formate ester; methyl ester; volatile organic compound | fumigant; insecticide; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant |
| 2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning. | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | alkane | |
| 2-pentanone pentanone : Any ketone that is pentane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | methyl ketone; pentanone | plant metabolite |
| 1,3-butylene glycol 1,3-butylene glycol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. butane-1,3-diol : A butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | butanediol; glycol | |
| isobutylmethylcarbinol isobutylmethylcarbinol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| isopropyl acetate isopropyl acetate: cholesterol gallstone solvent | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3-xylene m-xylene : A xylene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 3. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | xylene | |
| 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene: structure in first source. 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | trichlorobenzene | |
| diisobutyl ketone [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ketone | |
| chlorobenzene [no description available] | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes | solvent |
| cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton. | 3.49 | 2 | 0 | cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol | solvent |
| cyclohexanone [no description available] | 3.47 | 2 | 0 | cyclohexanones | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| propyl acetate propyl acetate: affects aggression without affecting motor activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. propyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of acetic acid with propanol. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester | fragrance; plant metabolite |
| pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| 1-pentene 1-pentene: structure in first source | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| butyl chloride butyl chloride: structure | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ethyl formate ethyl formate : A formate ester resulting from the formal condensation of formic acid with ethanol.. ethoxycarbonyl group : An organyl group of formula -COOEt. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; formate ester | fumigant; plant metabolite |
| tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound | polar aprotic solvent |
| 2,5-hexanedione 2,5-hexanedione: metabolite of methyl-n-butyl ketone. 2,5-hexanedione : A diketone that is hexane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5. It is a toxic metabolite of hexane and of 2-hexanone | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | diketone; methyl ketone | human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin |
| isobutyl acetate isobutyl acetate : The acetate ester of isobutanol. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester | Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-heptanone heptan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone with methyl and pentyl as the alkyl groups. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | dialkyl ketone; methyl ketone | mouse metabolite; pheromone |
| n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | neurotoxin; non-polar solvent |
| 1,2-dimethoxyethane 1,2-dimethoxyethane: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for methoxy moieties. 1,2-dimethoxyethane : A diether that is the 1,2-dimethyl ether of ethane-1,2-diol. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | diether | non-polar solvent |
| 2-octanone 2-octanone : A methyl ketone that is octane substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | methyl ketone | metabolite |
| 1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. | 4.02 | 4 | 0 | hexanol; primary alcohol | alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite |
| heptanol Heptanol: A colorless liquid with a fragrant odor. It is used as an intermediate, solvent and in cosmetics.. heptanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seven carbon atoms.. heptan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | heptanol; primary alcohol | flavouring agent; fragrance; gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| n-butoxyethanol n-butoxyethanol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-butoxyethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a butoxy group. A high-boiling (171degreeC) colourless liquid, it is used as a solvent for paints and inks, as well as in some dry cleaning solutions. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | glycol ether; primary alcohol | protic solvent |
| n-dodecane dodecane : A straight-chain alkane with 12 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the essential oils of various plants including Zingiber officinale (ginger). | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | alkane | plant metabolite |
| hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. | 6.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes | antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant |
| cyclopentanone [no description available] | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | cyclopentanones | Maillard reaction product |
| 2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | naphthol | antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger |
| sec-butylbenzene sec-butylbenzene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted by a butan-2-yl group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol. | 4.22 | 5 | 0 | acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound | EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| mesityl oxide mesityl oxide: solvent for extraction of nitrocellulose, many resins, & tellurium; structure | 7.41 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound | |
| dibutyl ether [no description available] | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pregnenolone [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| fluoranthene fluoranthene: structure. fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | |
| hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | azane; hydrazines | EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor |
| 4-fluoroaniline 4-fluoroaniline: chemical intermediate manufactured by the Halex process; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. 4-fluoroaniline : A primary arylamine that is the derivative of aniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been substituted by fluorine. It is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, herbicides and plant growth regulators. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | fluoroaniline; primary arylamine | |
| lithocholic acid Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid. | 7.66 | 3 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid | human metabolite |
| 1,3-propanediol propane-1,3-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,3-diols, consisting of propane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by a hydroxy group. A colourless, viscous, water-miscible liquid with a high (210degreeC) boiling point, it is used in the synthesis of certain polymers and as a solvent and antifreeze. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | propane-1,3-diols | metabolite; protic solvent |
| androstenediol Androstenediol: An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).. androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17beta. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid | androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent |
| dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid | androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| Ethyl pentanoate ethyl valerate: a green apple flavoring agent | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid ester | |
| 1,3-dichlorobenzene 1,3-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 3. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | |
| malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
| aminopenicillanic acid aminopenicillanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 6-aminopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid compound having a (6R)-amino substituent. The active nucleus common to all penicillins, it may be substituted at the 6-amino position to form the semisynthetic penicillins, resulting in a variety of antibacterial and pharmacologic characteristics. | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; penicillanic acids | allergen |
| 3-methylhexane 3-methylhexane: a biliary biomarker for cholangiocarcinoma. 3-methylhexane : An alkane that is hexane substituted by a methyl group at position 3. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | human metabolite |
| methyl n-butyl ketone Methyl n-Butyl Ketone: An industrial solvent which causes nervous system degeneration. MBK is an acronym often used to refer to it.. hexanone : A ketone that is a hexane carrying an oxo substituent at unspecified position. | 9.28 | 103 | 1 | ketone | |
| 2,2-dimethylbutyric acid 2,2-dimethylbutyric acid: structure given in first source; plasma metabolite of simvastatin. 2,2-dimethylbutyric acid : A branched-chain fatty acid and metabolite of the lactone prodrug simvastatin, whose sodium salt is potentially useful for the treatment of thalassaemias and haemoglobinopathies. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | dimethylbutyric acid | metabolite |
| algestone Algestone: A synthetic progestational dihydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE. Its acetonide possesses anti-inflammatory properties.. algestone : A C21-steroid that is pregn-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at position 3 and 20 and hydroxy groups at positions 16 and 17. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | progestin |
| pentachlorobenzene pentachlorobenzene: structure. pentachlorobenzene : A member of the class of pentachlorobenzenes that is benzene in which five of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. Now classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | pentachlorobenzenes | persistent organic pollutant |
| 3-ethyltoluene [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | toluenes | |
| 2-hexanol hexan-2-ol : A hexanol in which the hydroxy group is at position 2. | 3.48 | 2 | 0 | hexanol; secondary alcohol | human metabolite; plant metabolite; semiochemical |
| ethoxyacetic acid [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic acid | |
| amyl acetate amyl acetate: sources do not specify n-isomer. pentyl acetate : An acetate ester of pentanol. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester | metabolite |
| 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2 , 3 and 4.. tetrachlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying four chloro groups at unspecified positions. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | tetrachlorobenzene | |
| 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2, 3 and 5. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | tetrachlorobenzene | |
| tetramethoxysilane [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate hexamethylene diisocyanate : A diisocyanate compound with the two isocyanates linked by a hexane-1,6-diyl group. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | diisocyanate | allergen; hapten |
| phenylphosphonothioic acid, 2-ethyl 2-(4-nitrophenyl) ester Phenylphosphonothioic Acid, 2-Ethyl 2-(4-Nitrophenyl) Ester: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as a acaricide. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | organic phosphonate; organothiophosphate insecticide; phosphonic ester | acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| o-chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile: A riot control agent which causes temporary irritation of the eyes and the mucosal surface of the respiratory tract. It is a more potent irritant than OMEGA-CHLOROACETOPHENONE, but less incapacitating. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | organochlorine compound | |
| dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol | chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent |
| manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | elemental manganese; manganese group element atom | Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient |
| mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | elemental mercury; zinc group element atom | neurotoxin |
| platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental silver | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom | |
| chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24. | 7.41 | 2 | 0 | chromium group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental gold | |
| vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom | micronutrient |
| aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | aluminium coordination entity | Lewis acid |
| tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
| thiamphenicol [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone | antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation | |
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| butyl acetate butyl acetate: structure. butyl acetate : The acetate ester of butanol. | 3.49 | 2 | 0 | acetate ester | metabolite |
| pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | dithiocarbamic acids; pyrrolidines | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; NF-kappaB inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| 1-nitro-2,4-difluorobenzene 1-nitro-2,4-difluorobenzene: standard antigen; structure | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gold cyanide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid : A member of the class of furans carrying two carboxy substituents at positions 2 and 5. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; furans | human urinary metabolite |
| bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane: used as surface modifier of metal vie the sol-gel process and dip coating | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 11-ketoprogesterone 11-ketoprogesterone: structure | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| 2 alpha-methyl-9 alpha-fluorocortisol [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3 alpha,17 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one 3alpha,17alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17alpha. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; C21-steroid; corticosteroid hormone | human urinary metabolite |
| cyanates Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N). | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | ||
| florfenicol florfenicol: structure given in first source. florfenicol : A carboxamide that is the N-dichloroacetyl derivative of (1R,2S)-2-amino-3-fluoro-1-[4-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl]propan-1-ol. A synthetic veterinary antibiotic that is used for treatment of bovine respiratory disease and foot rot; also used in aquaculture. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary carboxamide; sulfone | antimicrobial agent |
| w 84 [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| heptane-1,7-bis(dimethyl-3'-phthalimidopropylammonium) heptane-1,7-bis(dimethyl-3'-phthalimidopropylammonium): RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure. | 2.94 | 3 | 0 | ||
| cortisone [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 19-norprogesterone 19-norprogesterone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| 5-hydroxymethylfurfural 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | arenecarbaldehyde; furans; primary alcohol | indicator; Maillard reaction product |
| 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol : An androstane-3,17-diol that is 5alpha-androstane substituted by beta-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a metabolite of dihydrotestosterone. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; androstane-3,17-diol | Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite |
| taurolithocholic acid Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid. | 7.89 | 4 | 0 | bile acid taurine conjugate; monocarboxylic acid amide | human metabolite |
| cortodoxone Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | deoxycortisol; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| potassium permanganate Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed) | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| thiobarbituric acid thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | allergen; reagent |
| digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope |
| bilirubin [no description available] | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | biladienes; dicarboxylic acid | antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom | neurotoxin |
| antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | |
| bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | metal atom; pnictogen | |
| arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | micronutrient |
| indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | boron group element atom | |
| tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | chalcogen; metalloid atom | |
| 16-methylprogesterone, (16alpha)-isomer [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
| cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | glycoside | |
| sodium permanganate [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cupferron cupferron: superoxide dismutase inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amphetamine Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Amphetamine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues. | 0 | 2.48 | 2 | 0 |
| Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Appetite Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Bilateral Headache [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Enlarged Liver [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Diseases, Occupational [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Emesis [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Feeding and Eating Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER. | 0 | 2.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Bleb [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Contact Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Cancer of Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Liver [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Lung [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Hepatoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 7 | 0 |
| Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS). | 0 | 3.36 | 7 | 0 |
| Manganese Poisoning Manganese poisoning is associated with chronic inhalation of manganese particles by individuals who work with manganese ore. Clinical features include CONFUSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and an extrapyramidal syndrome (PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) that includes rigidity; DYSTONIA; retropulsion; and TREMOR. (Adams, Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1213) | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC). | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Amnesia-Memory Loss [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Amnesia Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Nervous System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.76 | 2 | 1 |
| Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. | 0 | 3.76 | 2 | 1 |
| Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Porphyria [description not available] | 0 | 6.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Porphyrias A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Chemical Dependence [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Depression, Endogenous [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Germinoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Palsy [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |