Page last updated: 2024-11-05

phthalazine

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

phthalazine : An azaarene that is the 2,3-diaza analogue of naphthalene. The parent of the class of phthalazines. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID9207
CHEMBL ID1650268
CHEBI ID36597
SCHEMBL ID8266
MeSH IDM0127698

Synonyms (47)

Synonym
BIDD:GT0069
CHEBI:36597 ,
beta-phenodiazine
.beta.-phenodiazine
2,3-benzodiazine
benzo[d]pyridazine
nsc62484
2,3-diazanaphthalene
nsc63241
nsc-63241
nsc-62484
inchi=1/c8h6n2/c1-2-4-8-6-10-9-5-7(8)3-1/h1-6
phthalazine
253-52-1
phthalazine, 98%
ccris 6894
nsc 62484
benzo(d)pyridazine
einecs 205-963-2
P0694
4,5-benzopyridazine
CHEMBL1650268
AKOS009157299
91y28dm24n ,
unii-91y28dm24n
tox21_202907
cas-253-52-1
NCGC00260453-01
dtxcid8029367
dtxsid9049407 ,
FT-0631890
AM20050061
phthalazine [usp-rs]
phthalazine [mi]
phthalazine [usp impurity]
phthalazin
SCHEMBL8266
mfcd00006908
SY004474
4ft ,
J-610065
CS-W002016
phthalazine, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
BCP22288
AS-15090
Q6593919
EN300-50405

Research Excerpts

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"As aldehyde oxidase (AOX) plays an emerging role in drug metabolism, understanding its significance for drug-drug interactions (DDI) is important."( Inhibitory effects of drugs on the metabolic activity of mouse and human aldehyde oxidases and influence on drug-drug interactions.
Garattini, E; Ishida, Y; Kitamura, S; Kotake, Y; Kurosaki, M; Ohta, S; Okuda, K; Sanoh, S; Sugahara, G; Sugihara, K; Takaoka, N; Tateno, C; Tayama, Y; Terao, M; Yanagi, A, 2018
)
0.48

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" As accurate as possible exposure assessment data of the oral bioavailability of these compounds are necessary, however only one in vivo study with piglets is available so far."( The oral bioavailability of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP) and di-(isononyl)-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH®) in house dust.
Fembacher, L; Fromme, H; Nowak, D; Plichta, V; Völkel, W; Wöckner, M, 2022
)
0.72

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Oral dosing (0."( Discovery of highly selective and potent p38 inhibitors based on a phthalazine scaffold.
Cao, GQ; Chakrabarti, PP; Falsey, JR; Grosfeld, D; Henkle, B; Herberich, B; Hsieh, F; Lee, MR; Li, V; Middleton, S; Pettus, L; Plant, MH; Reed, AB; Reichelt, A; Rzasa, RM; Sham, K; Sherman, L; Syed, R; Tasker, AS; Thaman, M; Wong, LM; Wurz, RP; Xu, S; Zhang, D, 2008
)
0.58
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (4)

ClassDescription
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
phthalazines
azaarene
ortho-fused heteroareneAn ortho-fused compound in which at least one of the rings contains at least one heteroatom.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (2)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.36160.001530.607315,848.9004AID1224841
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.53670.000229.305416,493.5996AID743075
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (4)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1525695Substrate activity at aldehyde oxidase in human liver cytosol assessed as enzyme-mediated drug uptake by mass spectrophotometric analysis2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-26, Volume: 62, Issue:24
Metabolism by Aldehyde Oxidase: Drug Design and Complementary Approaches to Challenges in Drug Discovery.
AID1525696Substrate activity at aldehyde oxidase in rat liver cytosol assessed as enzyme-mediated drug uptake by mass spectrophotometric analysis2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-26, Volume: 62, Issue:24
Metabolism by Aldehyde Oxidase: Drug Design and Complementary Approaches to Challenges in Drug Discovery.
AID1525697Substrate activity at aldehyde oxidase in guinea pig liver cytosol assessed as enzyme-mediated drug uptake by mass spectrophotometric analysis2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-26, Volume: 62, Issue:24
Metabolism by Aldehyde Oxidase: Drug Design and Complementary Approaches to Challenges in Drug Discovery.
AID554321Inhibition of Leishmania major PTR1 at 500 uM2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-13, Volume: 54, Issue:1
Virtual screening identification of nonfolate compounds, including a CNS drug, as antiparasitic agents inhibiting pteridine reductase.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (92)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199019 (20.65)18.7374
1990's5 (5.43)18.2507
2000's23 (25.00)29.6817
2010's39 (42.39)24.3611
2020's6 (6.52)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 41.14

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index41.14 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.58 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.98 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index58.03 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (41.14)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1 (1.04%)5.53%
Reviews1 (1.04%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other94 (97.92%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]