u 62840 profile

U 62840: stereoisomeric benzindene prostaglandin analog; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	6918140
CHEMBL ID	1237119
CHEBI ID	50861
SCHEMBL ID	4349618
MeSH ID	M0154586

Synonym
L606 ,
tyvaso
ut-15
15au81
uniprost
lrx-15
81846-19-7
D06213
remodulin (tn)
treprostinil (jan/usan/inn)
CHEBI:50861 ,
treprostinilum
treprostinilo
({(1r,2r,3as,9as)-2-hydroxy-1-[(3s)-3-hydroxyoctyl]-2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-1h-cyclopenta[b]naphthalen-5-yl}oxy)acetic acid
treprostinil
DB00374
u 62840
u-62,840
((1r,2r,3as,9as)-2-hydroxy-1-((3s)-3-hydroxyoctyl)-2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-1h-cylopent(b)naphthalen-5-yl)oxy)acetate
treprostinil [usan:inn]
acetic acid, ((2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-2-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxyoctyl)-1h-benz(f)inden-5-yl)oxy)-, (1r-(1alpha(s*),2beta,3aalpha,9aalpha))-
lrx 15
acetic acid, (((1r,2r,3as,9as)-2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-2-hydroxy-1-((3s)-3-hydroxyoctyl)-1h-benz(f)inden-5-yl)oxy)-
2-[[(1r,2r,3as,9as)-2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-2-hydroxy-1-[(3s)-3-hydroxyoctyl]-1h-benz[f]inden-5-yl]oxy]acetic acid
SCHEMBL4349618
2-[[(1r,2r,3as,9as)-2-hydroxy-1-[(3s)-3-hydroxyoctyl]-2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-1h-cyclopenta[g]naphthalen-5-yl]oxy]acetic acid
orenitram
unii-rum6k67esg
rum6k67esg ,
trevyent
15-au-81
rumodolin
lrx -15
tresprostinil
CHEMBL1237119
l-606
treprostinil [inn]
acetic acid,(((1r,2r,3as,9as)-2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-2-hydroxy-1-((3s)-3-hydroxyoctyl)-1h-benz(f)inden-5-yl)oxy)-
treprostinil [vandf]
treprostinil [orange book]
treprostinil [usan]
treprostinil [mart.]
treprostinil [who-dd]
treprostinil [jan]
[(1r,2r,3as,9as)-2-hydroxy-1-((3s)-3-hydroxyoctyl)-2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-1h-cylopent[b]naphthalen-5-yl]oxy]acetate
treprostinil phosphate [usan]
treprostinil [mi]
gtpl5820
2-[[(2r,3r,3as,9as)-2-hydroxy-3-[(3s)-3-hydroxyoctyl]-2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-1h-cyclopenta[g]naphthalen-8-yl]oxy]acetic acid
BRD-K19706299-001-01-4
2-(((1r,2r,3as,9as)-2-hydroxy-1-((s)-3-hydroxyoctyl)-2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-1h-cyclopenta[b]naphthalen-5-yl)oxy)acetic acid
[[(1r,2r,3as,9as)-2,3,4,9,9a-hexahydro-2-hydroxy-1-[(3s)-3-hydroxyoctyl]-1h-benz[f]inden-5-yl]oxy]acetic acid
AC-30207
HMS3648G07
2-{[(1r,2r,3as,9as)-2-hydroxy-1-[(3s)-3-hydroxyoctyl]-1h,2h,3h,3ah,4h,9h,9ah-cyclopenta[b]naphthalen-5-yl]oxy}acetic acid
[[(1r,2r,3as,9as)-2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-2-hydroxy-1-[(s)-3-hydroxyoctyl]-1h-benzo[f]indene-5-yl]oxy]acetic acid
AKOS027470173
15au
CS-7872
HY-100441
2-((1r,2r,3as,9as)-2-hydroxy-1-((s)-3-hydroxyoctyl)-2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-1h-cyclopenta[b]naphthalen-5-yloxy)acetic acid
Q3495231
81846-19-7 (free acid)
EX-A1414
treprostinil pound>>ut-15
mfcd00888847
sr-01000946210
SR-01000946210-1
BCP10253
AMY22230
treprostinil free acid
2-[[(1r,2r,3as,9as)-2,3,4,9,9a-hexahydro-2-hydroxy-1-[(3s)-3-hydroxyoctyl]-1h-benz[f]inden-5-yl]oxy]-acetic acid
AS-56364
NCGC00343944-03
EN300-19768672
bdbm50594971
tyvaso dpi
DTXSID901021654
treprostinil (mart.)
b01ac21
(((1r,2r,3as,9as)-2-hydroxy-1-((3s)-3-hydroxyoctyl)-2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-1h-cyclopenta(b)naphthalen-5-yl)oxy)acetic acid

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Intravenous epoprostenol is currently FDA approved for management of primary pulmonary hypertension, but it requires intravenous infusion and is associated with adverse effects."	( Efficacy and safety of treprostinil: an epoprostenol analog for primary pulmonary hypertension. Arneson, C; Badesch, DB; Barst, RJ; Blackburn, SD; Bourge, RC; Frost, A; Gaine, SP; McGoon, MD; McLaughlin, VV; Oudiz, RJ; Rich, S; Robbins, IM; Roscigno, R; Rubin, LJ; Sigman, J; Tapson, VF, 2003)	0.32
"Long-term IV infusion of treprostinil is safe and appears to be effective for the treatment of patients with PAH."	( Safety and efficacy of IV treprostinil for pulmonary arterial hypertension: a prospective, multicenter, open-label, 12-week trial. Barst, RJ; Benza, RL; Gomberg-Maitland, M; Krichman, A; McLaughlin, VV; Tapson, VF; Widlitz, AC, 2006)	0.33
"The addition of a long-acting prostacyclin analogue via the inhaled route might be a safe and effective strategy to optimize therapy in PAH patients on bosentan."	( Safety and efficacy of inhaled treprostinil as add-on therapy to bosentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Channick, RN; Olschewski, H; Rubin, LJ; Seeger, W; Staub, T; Voswinckel, R, 2006)	0.33
" In the remaining 11 patients, inhaled treprostinil was safe and well tolerated."	( Safety and efficacy of inhaled treprostinil as add-on therapy to bosentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Channick, RN; Olschewski, H; Rubin, LJ; Seeger, W; Staub, T; Voswinckel, R, 2006)	0.33
" Inhaled treprostinil has been shown to be safe and efficacious in adults."	( Effectiveness and safety of inhaled treprostinil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in children. Calderbank, M; Coleman, E; Ivy, DD; Kerstein, J; Krishnan, U; Rosenzweig, EB; Takatsuki, S, 2012)	0.38
" Oral treprostinil therapy was generally well tolerated; the most common adverse events (intent-to-treat) were headache (69%), nausea (39%), diarrhea (37%), and pain in jaw (25%)."	( Efficacy and safety of oral treprostinil monotherapy for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: a randomized, controlled trial. Allen, R; Arneson, C; Jerjes-Sanchez, C; Jing, ZC; Laliberte, K; Parikh, K; Pulido, T; Rubin, LJ; Torbicki, A; White, RJ; Xu, KF; Yehle, D, 2013)	0.39
" Overall, iTRE taken at a higher dose than approved for use in PAH was safe and well-tolerated in our cohort of pulmonary hypertension patients."	( Safety and Tolerability of High-dose Inhaled Treprostinil in Pulmonary Hypertension. Fortin, T; Parikh, KS; Poms, AD; Rajagopal, S; Tapson, VF, 2016)	0.43
"25), with no reported significant adverse hemodynamic events."	( Rapid Inpatient Titration of Intravenous Treprostinil for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Safe and Tolerable. El-Kersh, K; Ruf, KM; Smith, JS, )	0.13
"Subcutaneous treprostinil has dose-dependent beneficial effects in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, but adverse effects like infusion site pain can lead to treatment discontinuation."	( Safety, Tolerability and Clinical Effects of a Rapid Dose Titration of Subcutaneous Treprostinil Therapy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Prospective Multi-Centre Trial. Benjamin, N; Egenlauf, B; Gerhardt, F; Grover, ER; Grünig, E; Halank, M; Held, M; Klose, H; Krueger, U; Lange, TJ; Neurohr, C; Pernow, M; Rosenkranz, S; Seyfarth, HJ; Traube, A; Viethen, T; Wilkens, H, 2016)	0.43
" There were 82 complications/peri-procedural events in 60 patients; of these, 57 were serious adverse events (0."	( Long-term safety and outcome of intravenous treprostinil via an implanted pump in pulmonary hypertension. Bollmann, T; Classen, S; Ewert, R; Gall, H; Gerhardt Md, F; Ghofrani, HA; Grimminger, F; Grimminger, J; Grünig, E; Guth, S; Halank, M; Harutyunova, S; Heine, A; Hoeper, MM; Klose, H; Lange, TJ; Meyer, K; Neurohr, C; Nickolaus, K; Olsson, KM; Opitz, CF; Richter, MJ; Rosenkranz, S; Seyfarth, HJ; Warnke, C; Wiedenroth, C, 2018)	0.48
"Our data suggest that intravenous treprostinil via the LENUS Pro pump in advanced PH is associated with a very low risk of bloodstream infections, but other serious adverse events may occur."	( Long-term safety and outcome of intravenous treprostinil via an implanted pump in pulmonary hypertension. Bollmann, T; Classen, S; Ewert, R; Gall, H; Gerhardt Md, F; Ghofrani, HA; Grimminger, F; Grimminger, J; Grünig, E; Guth, S; Halank, M; Harutyunova, S; Heine, A; Hoeper, MM; Klose, H; Lange, TJ; Meyer, K; Neurohr, C; Nickolaus, K; Olsson, KM; Opitz, CF; Richter, MJ; Rosenkranz, S; Seyfarth, HJ; Warnke, C; Wiedenroth, C, 2018)	0.48
" During the study, 3 patients discontinued selexipag due to adverse events."	( Safety and tolerability of transition from inhaled treprostinil to oral selexipag in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Results from the TRANSIT-1 study. Benza, RL; Chin, KM; Eggert, M; Farber, HW; Fisher, M; Fortin, TA; Fritz, JS; Frost, A; Janmohamed, M; Kim, NH; McConnell, JW; McEvoy, C; McLaughlin, V; Miller, CE; Pfister, T; Poch, D; Shiraga, Y, 2019)	0.51
" The first-line treatment is intravenous iloprost, but it induces dose-limiting adverse effects."	( Treprostinil Hydrogel Iontophoresis in Systemic Sclerosis-Related Digital Skin Ulcers: A Safety Study. Beau-Guillaumot, M; Blaise, S; Cracowski, C; Cracowski, JL; Guigui, A; Kotzki, S; Mazet, R; Roustit, M, 2020)	0.56
" Seven patients withdrew due to intolerable adverse effects (n = 3), intercurrent unrelated illness (n = 2, cirrhosis, cancer), progressive SSc (n = 1) and personal reasons (n = 1)."	( A pilot study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treprostinil in the treatment of calcinosis in systemic sclerosis. Catanese, B; Chung, L; Chung, MP; Fiorentino, D; Li, S; Stevens, K; Strand, V; Valenzuela, A, 2022)	0.72
" Changes in clinical parameters, adverse events, and outcome were analyzed retrospectively."	( Long-Term Safety, Outcome, and Clinical Effects of Subcutaneous and Intravenous Treprostinil Treatment in Patients with Severe Chronic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Benjamin, N; Egenlauf, B; Eichstaedt, C; Grünig, E; Harutyunova, S; Marra, AM; Nagel, C; Xanthouli, P, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Pharmacokinetic analysis of mean data indicated a biphasic decay of 15AU81 in plasma, with an initial half-life of approximately 2 min, and a terminal half-life of approximately 20 min."	( The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the prostacyclin analog 15AU81 in the anesthetized beagle dog. McNulty, MJ; Sailstad, JM; Steffen, RP, 1993)	0.29
" This report describes the development and validation of a radioimmunoassay for 15AU81, and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in the beagle dog."	( Radioimmunoassay for the chemical stable prostacyclin analog, 15AU81: a preliminary pharmacokinetics study in the dog. Chang, SY; Findlay, JW; McNulty, MJ; Page, TL; Sailstad, JM, 1993)	0.29
"25, co-administration of oral treprostinil and bosentan did not result in a pharmacokinetic interaction for either agent."	( Lack of a pharmacokinetic interaction between oral treprostinil and bosentan in healthy adult volunteers. Dingemanse, J; Gotzkowsky, SK; Lai, A; Laliberte, K; Mottola, D, 2010)	0.36
" Previous attempts at developing an oral prostanoid have been limited by rapid absorption and short plasma half-life; thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of treprostinil diolamine in PAH patients after chronic dosing."	( Pharmacokinetics of oral treprostinil sustained release tablets during chronic administration to patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Allen, R; Howell, M; Jerjes, C; Laliberte, K; Marier, JF; Pulido, T; Tapson, VF; Torres, F; White, RJ; Yehle, D, 2013)	0.39
" This study was designed to evaluate the presence of a pharmacokinetic drug interaction between treprostinil diolamine and sildenafil."	( Lack of a pharmacokinetic interaction between treprostinil diolamine and sildenafil in healthy adult volunteers. Gotzkowsky, SK; Kumar, P; Laliberte, K; Mottola, D, 2013)	0.39
"Scleroderma patients with digital ulcers were enrolled in this dual-center, open-label, phase I pharmacokinetic study."	( Open label study of escalating doses of oral treprostinil diethanolamine in patients with systemic sclerosis and digital ischemia: pharmacokinetics and correlation with digital perfusion. Anderson, C; Boin, F; Hummers, LK; Phillips, K; Rollins, KD; Schiopu, E; Seibold, JR; Shah, AA; Wade, M; Wigley, F; Wise, R, 2013)	0.39
" The objective of the current study was to develop a robust physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for treprostinil intravenous injection and extended-release tablet as the first step to optimize treprostinil pharmacotherapy in patients."	( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of treprostinil after intravenous injection and extended-release oral tablet administration in healthy volunteers: An extrapolation to other patient populations including patients with hepatic impairment. Shaik, IH; Venkataramanan, R; Wu, X; Xu, R; Zhang, X, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This retrospective, single-center, open-label study was designed to assess the efficacy of long-term, subcutaneously administered, treprostinil-based therapy alone or in combination with bosentan for the treatment of moderate-to-severe PAH."	( Treprostinil-based therapy in the treatment of moderate-to-severe pulmonary arterial hypertension: long-term efficacy and combination with bosentan. Benza, RL; Bourge, RC; Pamboukian, SV; Rayburn, BK; Tallaj, JA, 2008)	0.35
"To investigate the effect of treprostinil on the early postoperative prognosis of patients with severe left heart valvular disease combined with severe pulmonary hypertension (PAH)."	( Effect of Treprostinil on the Early Postoperative Prognosis of Patients with Severe Left Heart Valvular Disease Combined with Severe Pulmonary Hypertension. Cao, H; Chen, Q; Huang, ST; Sun, KP; Xu, N, 2021)	0.62
"A retrospective study including 55 patients with severe left heart valvular disease combined with severe PAH who underwent left heart valve replacement in our hospital between January 2019 and May 2019 was conducted."	( Effect of Treprostinil on the Early Postoperative Prognosis of Patients with Severe Left Heart Valvular Disease Combined with Severe Pulmonary Hypertension. Cao, H; Chen, Q; Huang, ST; Sun, KP; Xu, N, 2021)	0.62
"Treprostinil can improve the early postoperative prognosis of patients with severe left heart valvular disease combined with severe PAH undergoing prosthetic valve replacement."	( Effect of Treprostinil on the Early Postoperative Prognosis of Patients with Severe Left Heart Valvular Disease Combined with Severe Pulmonary Hypertension. Cao, H; Chen, Q; Huang, ST; Sun, KP; Xu, N, 2021)	0.62
"To investigate the midterm postoperative prognosis of patients with severe left heart valvular disease combined with moderate or severe pulmonary hypertension (PAH) using subcutaneous injection of treprostinil."	( Midterm postoperative prognosis of patients with severe left heart valvular disease combined with moderate or severe pulmonary hypertension treated with treprostinil. Cao, H; Chen, Q; Huang, ST; Sun, KP; Wang, ZC; Xu, N, 2020)	0.56
"A retrospective study was conducted on 61 patients with severe left heart valvular disease combined with moderate or severe PAH who had undergone mechanical mitral and/or aortic valve replacement from April 2018 to October 2018."	( Midterm postoperative prognosis of patients with severe left heart valvular disease combined with moderate or severe pulmonary hypertension treated with treprostinil. Cao, H; Chen, Q; Huang, ST; Sun, KP; Wang, ZC; Xu, N, 2020)	0.56
"Continuous subcutaneous infusion of treprostinil was not capable of decreasing pulmonary pressures in patients with severe left heart valvular disease combined with moderate or severe PAH during 1 year follow-up, although which some of our data suggest that might improve the symptoms and quality of life of these patients."	( Midterm postoperative prognosis of patients with severe left heart valvular disease combined with moderate or severe pulmonary hypertension treated with treprostinil. Cao, H; Chen, Q; Huang, ST; Sun, KP; Wang, ZC; Xu, N, 2020)	0.56

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"8 min), while after intratracheal administration, clearance appeared to be somewhat slower and bioavailability was appreciable (mean, 46%), suggesting that this route of administration may be worthy of further evaluation."	( Radioimmunoassay for the chemical stable prostacyclin analog, 15AU81: a preliminary pharmacokinetics study in the dog. Chang, SY; Findlay, JW; McNulty, MJ; Page, TL; Sailstad, JM, 1993)	0.29
"The objective of this study was to evaluate the absolute bioavailability and acute pharmacokinetics of treprostinil sodium administered by continuous, short-term subcutaneous infusion in normal subjects."	( Absolute bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of treprostinil sodium administered by acute subcutaneous infusion. Baker, FJ; DellaMaestra, W; Hunt, TL; Lai, AA; Roscigno, R; Wade, M, 2004)	0.32
" Previous data have demonstrated that the oral bioavailability of treprostinil was improved when taken with a meal containing at least 500 calories."	( The effect of different meal compositions on the oral bioavailability of treprostinil diolamine in healthy volunteers. Kates, J; Kumar, P; Laliberte, K; Laurent, A; Lim, A; Wang-Smith, L, 2013)	0.39
"As twice-daily intake of a high-fat, high-calorie meal may be undesirable or not feasible for some patients, this open-label, randomized, crossover study evaluated the effect of different meal compositions [a 500-calorie well-balanced meal (WB500), a 250-calorie well-balanced meal (WB250), a 250-calorie high-fat meal (HF250) and a 250-calorie well-balanced liquid meal (Ensure®)] on the relative bioavailability of oral treprostinil."	( The effect of different meal compositions on the oral bioavailability of treprostinil diolamine in healthy volunteers. Kates, J; Kumar, P; Laliberte, K; Laurent, A; Lim, A; Wang-Smith, L, 2013)	0.39
"Overall, there were no clinically significant differences in the relative bioavailability of oral treprostinil when administered immediately after meals containing 250-500 calories and 30-50% fat."	( The effect of different meal compositions on the oral bioavailability of treprostinil diolamine in healthy volunteers. Kates, J; Kumar, P; Laliberte, K; Laurent, A; Lim, A; Wang-Smith, L, 2013)	0.39
"We conducted comparative bioavailability analyses of treprostinil exposure from LIQ861 (79."	( Comparative bioavailability of inhaled treprostinil administered as LIQ861 and Tyvaso® in healthy subjects. Eldon, MA; Hunt, T; Parsley, E; Roscigno, RF; Rubin, LJ; Vaughn, T, 2021)	0.62
"Results showed comparable bioavailability of treprostinil and similar tolerability for LIQ861 and Tyvaso® administered to healthy adults."	( Comparative bioavailability of inhaled treprostinil administered as LIQ861 and Tyvaso® in healthy subjects. Eldon, MA; Hunt, T; Parsley, E; Roscigno, RF; Rubin, LJ; Vaughn, T, 2021)	0.62
"Given the comparable treprostinil bioavailability and similar safety profiles of LIQ861 and Tyvaso®, LIQ861 fulfills a significant unmet need for PAH patients by maximizing the therapeutic benefits of treprostinil by safely delivering doses to the lungs in 1 to 2 breaths using a discreet, convenient, easy-to-use inhaler."	( Comparative bioavailability of inhaled treprostinil administered as LIQ861 and Tyvaso® in healthy subjects. Eldon, MA; Hunt, T; Parsley, E; Roscigno, RF; Rubin, LJ; Vaughn, T, 2021)	0.62
" In PAH model rats, GlcA-modified liposomes significantly improved TPS bioavailability and sustained its release over time."	( Targeted treprostinil delivery inhibits pulmonary arterial remodeling. Li, B; Liu, A; Shi, Y; Su, J; Yang, M, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Specificity was confirmed by comparative analysis by radioimmunoassay and by a quantitative GC/MS procedure of plasma samples from dogs dosed with 15AU81."	( Radioimmunoassay for the chemical stable prostacyclin analog, 15AU81: a preliminary pharmacokinetics study in the dog. Chang, SY; Findlay, JW; McNulty, MJ; Page, TL; Sailstad, JM, 1993)	0.29
" The failure to enhance small bowel allograft survival may be explained by the inability at this low dosage of 15AU81 to influence the intense graft versus host reaction elicited by small bowel transplants."	( 15AU81, a prostacyclin analog, enhances donor-specific hepatocytes to prolong the survival of rat heart but not small bowel allografts. Boyle, MJ; Dumble, LJ, )	0.13
" A symptom-limited, dose-escalation protocol was instituted, beginning with placebo and then with increasing dosage at 60-min intervals, followed by a 2-h period of maintenance dose at the maximum well-tolerated infusion rate."	( Trial of a novel prostacyclin analog, UT-15, in patients with severe intermittent claudication. Goldman, R; Kimmel, SE; Klugherz, B; Mohler, ER; Sehgal, CM; Wade, M, 2000)	0.31
" Samples were also collected every 3 hours on Day 7 of each dosing period to evaluate diurnal variation over a 24-hour steady-state interval."	( Pharmacokinetics of treprostinil sodium administered by 28-day chronic continuous subcutaneous infusion. Arneson, CP; Baker, FJ; DellaMaestra, W; Hunt, TL; Lai, AA; Roscigno, R; Wade, M, 2004)	0.32
" Each subject was dosed at 10 ng/kg/min for 72 hours by each route, with the infusions separated by a 4-day wash-out period."	( Pharmacokinetics and steady-state bioequivalence of treprostinil sodium (Remodulin) administered by the intravenous and subcutaneous route to normal volunteers. Arneson, C; Hunt, T; Jeffs, R; Laliberte, K; Wade, M, 2004)	0.32
" The transition of treprostinil to epoprostenol is rare; however, in the event therapy change is needed, dosing information is minimal."	( Staggered transition to epoprostenol from treprostinil in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Bultsma, CJ; Coffman, PA; Floreani, AA; Olsen, KM; Reisbig, KA, 2005)	0.33
"The model was a cost-minimization analysis, assuming clinical equivalence was achieved by proper dosing of both drugs, in terms of survival and surrogate measures."	( Cost-minimization analysis of treprostinil vs. epoprostenol as an alternate to oral therapy non-responders for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Desjardins, O; Einarson, TR; Hague, LK; Iskedjian, M; Narine, L; Schilz, R; Vicente, C; Walker, JH, 2005)	0.33
" We hypothesized that a rapid-escalation treprostinil dosing regimen would be as safe and effective as a slow-escalation dosing regimen."	( A clinical comparison of slow- and rapid-escalation treprostinil dosing regimens in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Gibbs, SJ; Harja, E; Kneussl, MP; Lang, IM; Sing, WG; Skoro-Sajer, N, 2008)	0.35
" Currently, there are no universal recommendations for dosing delivery of inhaled prostanoids to intubated patients in the intensive care unit setting."	( Prostacyclin in the intensive care setting. Ivy, DD, 2010)	0.36
" Dosing to achieve rapid onset of efficacy and proactively managing infusion site pain enhance the likelihood for a patient with PAH to maintain and derive benefit from SC treprostinil therapy."	( Subcutaneous treprostinil in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Practical considerations. Mathier, MA; McDevitt, S; Saggar, R, 2010)	0.36
" Pilot clinical studies have elucidated the acute hemodynamic effects and relative pulmonary selectivity of this agent, as well as established target dosing in PAH and nonoperable chronic thromboembolic PAH."	( Inhaled treprostinil: a therapeutic review. Channick, RN; Rubin, LJ; Voswinckel, R, 2012)	0.38
" At baseline, most patients (93%) were receiving 5 μg of iloprost per dose but 38% of patients reported a dosing frequency below the labeled rate of 6-9 times daily."	( Rapid transition from inhaled iloprost to inhaled treprostinil in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Benza, RL; Bourge, RC; Channick, RN; Gotzkowsky, SK; McSwain, CS; Nelsen, AC; Rosenzweig, EB; Rubin, LJ; Safdar, Z; Shapiro, S; Tapson, VF; White, RJ, 2013)	0.39
" After chronic twice-daily oral dosing of treprostinil diolamine, mean area under the curve (AUC0-12) of treprostinil increased from 5244 to 20,4086 pg·hr-·mL- and mean maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) increased from 1383 to 33588 pg/mL."	( Pharmacokinetics of oral treprostinil sustained release tablets during chronic administration to patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Allen, R; Howell, M; Jerjes, C; Laliberte, K; Marier, JF; Pulido, T; Tapson, VF; Torres, F; White, RJ; Yehle, D, 2013)	0.39
" Relative to healthy subjects, mean area under the curve from time zero to 24 h after dosing interval (AUC0-24) values in subjects with mild, moderate and severe hepatic impairment increased by approximately 2·2-, 4·9- and 7·6-fold, respectively."	( An evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of treprostinil diolamine in subjects with hepatic impairment. Laliberte, K; Marbury, T; Marier, J; Peterson, L, 2013)	0.39
"Based on these results, dosage adjustments should be performed in subjects with hepatic impairment."	( An evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of treprostinil diolamine in subjects with hepatic impairment. Laliberte, K; Marbury, T; Marier, J; Peterson, L, 2013)	0.39
" Dosing downadjustment was needed in some patients who were switched over from SQ to IV prostacyclin analogs."	( Subcutaneous to intravenous prostacyclin analog transition in pulmonary hypertension. Alkukhun, L; Bair, ND; Dweik, RA; Tonelli, AR, 2014)	0.4
" This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of 3 times daily (TID) dosing of oral treprostinil."	( Pharmacokinetics of 3 times a day dosing of oral treprostinil in healthy volunteers. Jones, A; Laliberte, K; Pham, T; Wang-Smith, L, 2014)	0.4
" Treprostinil PK after TID dosing of oral treprostinil follows linear kinetics and can be predicted based on PK data after a single dose."	( Pharmacokinetics of 3 times a day dosing of oral treprostinil in healthy volunteers. Jones, A; Laliberte, K; Pham, T; Wang-Smith, L, 2014)	0.4
"From a pharmacological point of view, it appears that with sustained blood concentrations for 8 - 10 h after a single dose, twice or thrice daily dosing is possible."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of treprostinil (oral) for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Bhattacharya, S; Farber, HW; Hellawell, JL, 2014)	0.4
" However, their use can be complicated by potential drug interactions, adverse effects, dosing complexity, and cost."	( Perspectives on oral pulmonary hypertension therapies recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Badesch, D; Benza, RL; D'Eletto, TA; Farber, HW; Gomberg-Maitland, M; Hassoun, PM; Hill, NS; Preston, I, 2015)	0.42
"The objective of this study was to evaluate safety, tolerability and clinical effects of a rapid up-titration dosing regimen of subcutaneous treprostinil using proactive infusion site pain management."	( Safety, Tolerability and Clinical Effects of a Rapid Dose Titration of Subcutaneous Treprostinil Therapy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Prospective Multi-Centre Trial. Benjamin, N; Egenlauf, B; Gerhardt, F; Grover, ER; Grünig, E; Halank, M; Held, M; Klose, H; Krueger, U; Lange, TJ; Neurohr, C; Pernow, M; Rosenkranz, S; Seyfarth, HJ; Traube, A; Viethen, T; Wilkens, H, 2016)	0.43
"Effects of rapid up-titration dosing regimen on tolerability and clinical parameters were evaluated in this 16-week, open-label multi-centre study."	( Safety, Tolerability and Clinical Effects of a Rapid Dose Titration of Subcutaneous Treprostinil Therapy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Prospective Multi-Centre Trial. Benjamin, N; Egenlauf, B; Gerhardt, F; Grover, ER; Grünig, E; Halank, M; Held, M; Klose, H; Krueger, U; Lange, TJ; Neurohr, C; Pernow, M; Rosenkranz, S; Seyfarth, HJ; Traube, A; Viethen, T; Wilkens, H, 2016)	0.43
" Patients achieved a median treprostinil dosage of 35."	( Safety, Tolerability and Clinical Effects of a Rapid Dose Titration of Subcutaneous Treprostinil Therapy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Prospective Multi-Centre Trial. Benjamin, N; Egenlauf, B; Gerhardt, F; Grover, ER; Grünig, E; Halank, M; Held, M; Klose, H; Krueger, U; Lange, TJ; Neurohr, C; Pernow, M; Rosenkranz, S; Seyfarth, HJ; Traube, A; Viethen, T; Wilkens, H, 2016)	0.43
" The impact of the route of delivery and the optimal dosing for transitioning inhaled treprostinil to oral treprostinil or selexipag is unknown."	( Different efficacy of inhaled and oral medications in pulmonary hypertension. AbuHalimeh, BJ; Parambil, JG; Tonelli, AR, )	0.13
" The use of these medications is challenging due to complexity in dosing and their side effect profiles which limit patient tolerability and acceptance."	( What Is the Role of Oral Prostacyclin Pathway Medications in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Management? El Yafawi, R; Wirth, JA, 2017)	0.46
"SMT-101, a novel, proprietary, water-resistant wearable infusion pump prefilled with a preset dosage of treprostinil, was designed to address many of the administration-related shortcomings of existing parenteral therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)."	( Human factors and usability engineering in the development of SMT-101 for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Newell, K; Noymer, P; Shaked, A, 2018)	0.48
"Treprostinil diolamine is the first oral dosage preparation of a prostacyclin analogue for use in treatment naive pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)."	( Transitioning Parenteral or Inhaled Treprostinil to Oral Treprostinil Diolamine: Case Series and Review of the Literature. Awdish, RL; Hegab, S; Kelly, B; Smith, ZR, 2019)	0.51
" However, these trials were limited by subtherapeutic dosing owing to intolerable adverse effects."	( Extended-release oral treprostinil in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension: clinical evidence and experience. Coons, JC; Miller, T, )	0.13
"Treprostinil (TRE), a prostanoid analogue approved in the USA for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, requires continuous infusion or multiple dosing sessions per day for inhaled and oral routes of administration due to its short half-life."	( Inhaled Treprostinil-Prodrug Lipid Nanoparticle Formulations Provide Long-Acting Pulmonary Vasodilation. Chapman, RW; Chen, KJ; Corboz, MR; Konicek, DM; Laurent, CE; Leifer, FG; Li, Z; Perkins, WR; Plaunt, AJ; S Malinin, V; Salvail, D, 2018)	0.48
"There is a paucity of published data on how to safely transition patients to oral therapy in the event of complications and problems during parenteral administration of prostacyclins, which can include bloodstream infections, injection-site pain (with use of subcutaneous treprostinil), infusion pump malfunction, and dosing errors due to incorrect dose preparation."	( Transition from treprostinil to selexipag in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: Case series. Fanous, SM; Janmohamed, M, 2018)	0.48
" The safety of midodrine dosing at greater than 30 mg daily has not been established to date."	( Midodrine treatment in a patient with treprostinil-induced hypotension receiving hemodialysis. Alobaidi, A; Bielnicka, P; Drambarean, B, 2019)	0.51
" In the next 24 hours, we adjusted the dosage to a median maximum dose of 15 ng/kg/min (interquartile range, 15-20 ng/kg/min) over a median uptitration period of 34 hours (interquartile range, 24-41 hours) for 17 parturients with severe pulmonary hypertension."	( Rapid Titration of Intravenous Treprostinil to Treat Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Postpartum: A Retrospective Observational Case Series Study. Chen, Y; Gao, J; Huang, J; Li, Q; Lu, J; Wang, T; Yang, D; Ye, Q; Zhang, J; Zhao, L, 2019)	0.51
" Oral TRE was dosed 3 times daily."	( Pharmacokinetics of Oral Treprostinil in Children With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Austin, ED; Deng, CQ; Feinstein, JA; Fineman, J; Hanna, BD; Hirsch, R; Hopper, RK; Ivy, DD; Kirkpatrick, E; Mullen, MP; Solum, D; Yung, D, 2020)	0.56
" Consensus was also achieved on recommendations for adverse event management, including reassurance, administration of oral treprostinil 3 times daily with food, and dosing inhaled treprostinil at intervals ≥3 hours apart."	( An expert panel delphi consensus statement on patient selection and management for transitioning between oral and inhaled treprostinil. Allen, RP; Balasubramanian, VP; Chakinala, MM; Elwing, JM; Feldman, J; Leary, PJ; Oudiz, RJ; Rahaghi, FF; Rischard, F; Safdar, Z; Sood, N, 2021)	0.62
" In humans, tachyphylaxis is frequently observed with continuous intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) infusion of TRE and requires dosage escalation to maintain activity."	( Treprostinil palmitil, an inhaled long-acting pulmonary vasodilator, does not show tachyphylaxis with daily dosing in rats. Chapman, RW; Chun, D; Cipolla, D; Corboz, MR; Gauani, H; Li, Z; Malinin, V; Perkins, WR; Plaunt, AJ, 2021)	0.62
" In studies involving consecutive daily administrations of TPIS, the delivered TP dosage was 140."	( Treprostinil palmitil, an inhaled long-acting pulmonary vasodilator, does not show tachyphylaxis with daily dosing in rats. Chapman, RW; Chun, D; Cipolla, D; Corboz, MR; Gauani, H; Li, Z; Malinin, V; Perkins, WR; Plaunt, AJ, 2021)	0.62
"05) inhibition of the increase of RVPP due to hypoxia over the full duration of the dosing periods."	( Treprostinil palmitil, an inhaled long-acting pulmonary vasodilator, does not show tachyphylaxis with daily dosing in rats. Chapman, RW; Chun, D; Cipolla, D; Corboz, MR; Gauani, H; Li, Z; Malinin, V; Perkins, WR; Plaunt, AJ, 2021)	0.62
" Epoprostenol, iloprost and treprostinil have all been used intravenously in PAH, but titration, dosing and dose escalation in long-term therapy are not standardized."	( Intravenous prostacyclin-analogue therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension - A review of the past, present and future. Ewert, R; Habedank, D; Halank, M; Opitz, CF; Stubbe, B, 2021)	0.62
"Prostacyclin infusion for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an effective therapy with varied dosing requirements and clinical response."	( Two polymorphic gene loci associated with treprostinil dose in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Benza, RL; Cox, NJ; Friedman, P; Gamazon, ER; Gomberg-Maitland, MI; Konkashbaev, A; Kubo, M; Maitland, ML; Nakamura, Y; Psotka, MA; Ratain, MJ; Thomeas-McEwing, V, 2022)	0.72
" These data support the early initiation and uptitration of therapy to a dosage of at least 9 bps four times daily in patients with PH resulting from ILD."	( Inhaled Treprostinil Dosage in Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Interstitial Lung Disease and Its Effects on Clinical Outcomes. Broderick, M; Deng, C; DuBrock, HM; Elwing, J; King, CS; Nathan, SD; Rajagopal, S; Rischard, F; Sahay, S; Shen, E; Smith, P; Tapson, VF; Waxman, AB, 2023)	0.91

Role	Description
platelet aggregation inhibitor	A drug or agent which antagonizes or impairs any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.
vasodilator agent	A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
antihypertensive agent	Any drug used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular hypertension regardless of pharmacological mechanism.
cardiovascular drug	A drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume.
vitamin K antagonist	A class of anticoagulants which act by inhibiting the action of vitamin K.
human blood serum metabolite	Any metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human blood serum samples.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
carboxylic acid	A carbon oxoacid acid carrying at least one -C(=O)OH group and having the structure RC(=O)OH, where R is any any monovalent functional group. Carboxylic acids are the most common type of organic acid.
carbotricyclic compound	A carbopolyclic compound comprising of three carbocyclic rings.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
G	Vesicular stomatitis virus	Potency	9.5221	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	9.5221	0.0033	9.1582	39.8107	AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	9.5221	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	9.5221	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	9.5221	0.0123	8.9648	39.8107	AID1645842
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.2850	0.0003	0.3248	0.7600	AID1872475
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0062	0.0019	0.9665	7.8000	AID1872474
Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0019	0.0004	0.0545	0.3470	AID1872473
Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0006	0.0006	0.4921	2.0590	AID1872472
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagy	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-beta	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replication	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergy	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacterium	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 production	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiation	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nematode	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
response to progesterone	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell population proliferation	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signaling	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharide	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
male sex determination	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sleep	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
mast cell degranulation	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
adenosine metabolic process	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to prostaglandin D stimulus	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory response	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic process	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytokine activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
TAP binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
D1 dopamine receptor binding	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin E receptor activity	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin E receptor activity	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
prostacyclin receptor activity	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin J receptor activity	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin D receptor activity	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activity	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular space	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complex	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membrane	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostacyclin receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
fibrillar center	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID419528	Volume of distribution at steady state in human at 15 ng/kg/min, iv administered 150 mins infusion	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-23, Volume: 52, Issue:14	In silico prediction of volume of distribution in human using linear and nonlinear models on a 669 compound data set.
AID625291	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625287	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625282	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625280	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625284	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625292	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625288	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1872474	Agonist activity at human EP2 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP level incubated for 20 mins measured after 60 mins addition of cAMP detect reagent by HTRF analysis	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Building on endogenous lipid mediators to design synthetic receptor ligands.
AID625283	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625281	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625290	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1872475	Agonist activity at human EP1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP level incubated for 20 mins measured after 60 mins addition of cAMP detect reagent by HTRF analysis	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Building on endogenous lipid mediators to design synthetic receptor ligands.
AID625289	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625285	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1872473	Agonist activity at human IP expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in cAMP level incubated for 20 mins measured after 60 mins addition of cAMP detect reagent by HTRF analysis	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Building on endogenous lipid mediators to design synthetic receptor ligands.
AID625286	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625279	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1872472	Agonist activity at human DP1 expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as increase in cAMP level incubated for 20 mins measured after 60 mins addition of cAMP detect reagent by HTRF analysis	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-05, Volume: 231	Building on endogenous lipid mediators to design synthetic receptor ligands.
AID1346350	Human IP receptor (Prostanoid receptors)	2012	Biochemical pharmacology, Jul-01, Volume: 84, Issue:1	Binding and activity of the prostacyclin receptor (IP) agonists, treprostinil and iloprost, at human prostanoid receptors: treprostinil is a potent DP1 and EP2 agonist.
AID1346377	Human DP1 receptor (Prostanoid receptors)	2012	Biochemical pharmacology, Jul-01, Volume: 84, Issue:1	Binding and activity of the prostacyclin receptor (IP) agonists, treprostinil and iloprost, at human prostanoid receptors: treprostinil is a potent DP1 and EP2 agonist.
AID1346427	Human EP4 receptor (Prostanoid receptors)	2012	Biochemical pharmacology, Jul-01, Volume: 84, Issue:1	Binding and activity of the prostacyclin receptor (IP) agonists, treprostinil and iloprost, at human prostanoid receptors: treprostinil is a potent DP1 and EP2 agonist.
AID1346308	Human EP2 receptor (Prostanoid receptors)	2012	Biochemical pharmacology, Jul-01, Volume: 84, Issue:1	Binding and activity of the prostacyclin receptor (IP) agonists, treprostinil and iloprost, at human prostanoid receptors: treprostinil is a potent DP1 and EP2 agonist.
AID1346408	Human EP1 receptor (Prostanoid receptors)	2012	Biochemical pharmacology, Jul-01, Volume: 84, Issue:1	Binding and activity of the prostacyclin receptor (IP) agonists, treprostinil and iloprost, at human prostanoid receptors: treprostinil is a potent DP1 and EP2 agonist.
AID1346343	Human EP3 receptor (Prostanoid receptors)	2012	Biochemical pharmacology, Jul-01, Volume: 84, Issue:1	Binding and activity of the prostacyclin receptor (IP) agonists, treprostinil and iloprost, at human prostanoid receptors: treprostinil is a potent DP1 and EP2 agonist.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	1 (0.24)	18.7374
1990's	6 (1.42)	18.2507
2000's	104 (24.53)	29.6817
2010's	218 (51.42)	24.3611
2020's	95 (22.41)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	79 (17.67%)	5.53%
Reviews	79 (17.67%)	6.00%
Case Studies	66 (14.77%)	4.05%
Observational	9 (2.01%)	0.25%
Other	214 (47.87%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2.21	1	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
dalteparin Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.8	3	0
fenfluramine Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.	2.08	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; secondary amino compound	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
fluphenazine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	3.13	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	3.17	1	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.	3.17	1	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.21	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.46	2	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	2.94	3	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
midodrine Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.	2.21	1	0	amino acid amide; aromatic ether; secondary alcohol	alpha-adrenergic agonist; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
milrinone [no description available]	2.03	1	0	bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone	cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
naphazoline Naphazoline: An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.	2.6	1	0	naphthalenes
ritanserin Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.	2.05	1	0	organofluorine compound; piperidines; thiazolopyrimidine	antidepressant; antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
corticosterone [no description available]	2.01	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cytarabine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	3.12	1	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
dichloroacetic acid [no description available]	3.13	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	astringent; marine metabolite
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.66	2	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	4.9	4	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
diethanolamine diethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. diethanolamine : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethanolamine having a N-hydroxyethyl substituent.	3.21	1	0	ethanolamines	human xenobiotic metabolite
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	4.9	4	0	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	2.46	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	8.98	20	1	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
monocrotaline Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.	2.97	4	0	pyrrolizidine alkaloid
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	2.11	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
aminorex Aminorex: An amphetamine-like anorectic agent. It may cause pulmonary hypertension.	2.08	1	0	benzenes
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	2.05	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
lisuride Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).	3.17	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; serotonergic agonist
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	3.01	4	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	2.11	1	0	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
desogestrel Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).	2.01	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	2.13	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
levocabastine levocabastine: for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis	2.05	1	0	piperidines
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	3.13	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
bidisomide bidisomide: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0	acetamides
sabeluzole sabeluzole: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	benzothiazoles
lubeluzole lubeluzole: a benzothiazole compound; used for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke; R-91154 is the inactive isomer	2.05	1	0	benzothiazoles
oleandomycin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	oleandomycins
rosiglitazone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	2.43	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.	13.71	39	7	primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
tadalafil [no description available]	7.27	11	1	benzodioxoles; pyrazinopyridoindole	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
l 692429 L 692429: stimulates release of growth hormone; RN refers to (R)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
sinitrodil sinitrodil: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
bw a868c BW A868C: a selective DP receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.11	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	4.36	3	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
deferasirox Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.	2.05	1	0	benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles	iron chelator
tbc-11251 sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source	4.9	4	0	benzodioxoles
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	2.08	1	0
candoxatrilat candoxatrilat: USAN lists candoxatrilat (UK-73,967) with RN 123122-54-3. candoxatrilat : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation between the amino group of cis-4-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid and the cyclopentanecarboxylic acid group of 1-[(2S)-2-carboxy-3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propyl]cyclopentanecarboxylic acid. A potent inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase (NEP, neprilysin, EC 3.4.24.11), it is used as its 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl ester prodrug in the treatment of chronic heart failure.	2.05	1	0
dironyl dironyl: pronounced antifertility agent in rats; lactation suppressor in other species; serotonin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.17	1	0	organic molecular entity
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2.31	1	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prostaglandin h2 Prostaglandin H2: A cyclic endoperoxide intermediate produced by the action of CYCLOOXYGENASE on ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is further converted by a series of specific enzymes to the series 2 prostaglandins.	2.02	1	0	olefinic compound; oxylipin; prostaglandins H; secondary alcohol	mouse metabolite
isobornyl acrylate isobornyl acrylate: causes contact dermatitis in some individuals; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
carbenoxolone sodium Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.	2.07	1	0	triterpenoid
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	4.83	2	1	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	4.34	1	1	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).	2.08	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.47	2	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
alprostadil [no description available]	2.07	1	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.	2.31	1	0	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prostaglandin e3 prostaglandin E3: Structure	2.07	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.05	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
fondaparinux Fondaparinux: Synthetic pentasaccharide that mediates the interaction of HEPARIN with ANTITHROMBINS and inhibits FACTOR Xa; it is used for prevention of VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM after surgery.. fondaparinux : A synthetic pentasaccharide which, apart from the O-methyl group at the reducing end of the molecule, consists of monomeric sugar units which are identical to a sequence of five monomeric sugar units that can be isolated after either chemical or enzymatic cleavage of the polymeric glycosaminoglycans heparin and heparan sulfate.	2.01	1	0	amino sugar; oligosaccharide sulfate; pentasaccharide derivative	anticoagulant
ethisterone Ethisterone: 17 alpha-Hydroxypregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A synthetic steroid hormone with progestational effects.. ethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 17beta hydrogen is replaced by an ethynyl group. Ethisterone was the first orally active progestin and is a metabolite of danazol.	2.01	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	drug metabolite; progestin
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.25	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
cicaprost cicaprost: RN given refers to (3aS-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R,4R),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer	2.43	2	0	monoterpenoid
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	14.16	58	4	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
taprostene [no description available]	2.07	1	0	benzoic acids
sulprostone sulprostone: structure	2.05	1	0	prostanoid
semaxinib semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.	2.66	2	0	olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)	2.07	1	0
ridogrel [no description available]	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
imidafenacin imidafenacin: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	diarylmethane
clazosentan clazosentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist used for cerebral vasospasm; structure in first source;	2.05	1	0
terbogrel [no description available]	3.11	1	0	diterpene glycoside
gavestinel [no description available]	2.05	1	0
laniquidar laniquidar: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
etonogestrel [no description available]	2.01	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin
beraprost beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.	7.61	20	0	enyne; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; secondary allylic alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
lu 208075 ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension	5.72	9	0	diarylmethane
vildagliptin [no description available]	2.51	2	0	amino acid amide
mk-0524 MK-0524: a potent orally active human prostaglandin D(2) receptor 1 antagonist; structure in first source	2.11	1	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
selexipag selexipag: prostacyclin receptor agonist. selexipag : A member of the class of pyrazines that is N-(methanesulfonyl)-2-{4-[(propan-2-yl)(pyrazin-2-yl)amino]butoxy}acetamide carrying two additional phenyl substituents at positions 5 and 6 on the pyrazine ring. An orphan drug used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. It is a prodrug for ACT-333679 (the free carboxylic acid).	8.99	20	1	aromatic amine; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; pyrazines; tertiary amino compound	orphan drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prodrug; prostacyclin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
mre 269 (4-((5,6-diphenylpyrazin-2-yl)(isopropyl)amino)butoxy)acetic acid: active form of NS-304. ACT-333679 : A member of the class of pyrazines that is {4-[(propan-2-yl)(pyrazin-2-yl)amino]butoxy}acetic acid carrying two additional phenyl substituents at positions 5 and 6 on the pyrazine ring. The active metabolite of selexipag, an orphan drug used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.	3.01	4	0	aromatic amine; ether; monocarboxylic acid; pyrazines; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	drug metabolite; orphan drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostacyclin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
gw0742 GW 610742: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	monocarboxylic acid
ro3244794 RO3244794: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
bay 63-2521 riociguat: guanylate cyclase stimulator; structure in first source. riociguat : A carbamate ester that is the methyl ester of {4,6-diamino-2-[1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl]pyrimidin-5-yl}methylcarbamic acid. It is used for treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension	5.31	6	0	aminopyrimidine; carbamate ester; organofluorine compound; pyrazolopyridine	antihypertensive agent; soluble guanylate cyclase activator
norelgestromin norelgestromin: transdermal hormonal contraceptive	2.01	1	0
macitentan [no description available]	5.83	8	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound; pyrimidines; ring assembly; sulfamides	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist; orphan drug
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	3.17	1	0
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	4.94	4	0
trelstar Triptorelin Pamoate: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6.	2.01	1	0
natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.	6.84	8	3	polypeptide
acenocoumarol Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	5.48	4	1	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.6	1	0
norgestrel Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.	2.01	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	2.67	3	0
zaprinast zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure	2.5	2	0	triazolopyrimidines
pelrinone pelrinone: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.	12.82	36	7	citrate salt	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	0	6.22	4	3
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	0	2.06	1	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	0	6.22	4	3
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	0	20.98	309	55
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	1	25.74	618	110
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling [description not available]	0	3.65	7	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	0	3.38	6	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	4.2	15	0
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension A progressive rare pulmonary disease characterized by high blood pressure in the PULMONARY ARTERY.	1	14.03	45	7
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	0	3.38	6	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	3.01	3	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	0	4.87	6	1
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	0	2.31	1	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	1	6.87	6	1
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	0	3.01	3	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	0	4.72	1	1
Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available]	0	11.13	16	8
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	0	4.72	1	1
Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.	1	13.13	16	8
Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis [description not available]	0	5.77	6	1
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change.	1	7.77	6	1
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available]	0	9.94	17	4
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.	0	9.94	17	4
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	3.39	2	0
Dermatosclerosis [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	3.39	2	0
Scleroderma, Localized A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules.	0	2.41	1	0
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.	0	2.82	2	0
Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension [description not available]	0	14.81	69	15
Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Familial or idiopathic hypertension in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION which is not secondary to other disease.	1	16.81	69	15
Agenesis of Hemidiaphragm [description not available]	0	3.72	8	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.87	3	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	0	2.87	3	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	3.63	8	0
Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital Protrusion of abdominal structures into the THORAX as a result of embryologic defects in the DIAPHRAGM often present in the neonatal period. It can be isolated, syndromic, non-syndromic or be a part of chromosome abnormality. Associated pulmonary hypoplasia and PULMONARY HYPERTENSION can further complicate stabilization and surgical intervention.	1	5.72	8	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	3.33	1	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	0	3.33	1	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	0	6.51	9	1
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	6.51	9	1
Eisenmenger Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.55	2	0
Eisenmenger Complex A condition associated with VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT and other congenital heart defects that allow the mixing of pulmonary and systemic circulation, increase blood flow into the lung, and subsequent responses to low oxygen in blood. This complex is characterized by progressive PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; HYPERTROPHY of the RIGHT VENTRICLE; CYANOSIS; and ERYTHROCYTOSIS.	0	2.55	2	0
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	0	2.58	2	0
Atrial Remodeling Long-term changes in the electrophysiological parameters and/or anatomical structures of the HEART ATRIA that result from prolonged changes in atrial rate, often associated with ATRIAL FIBRILLATION or long periods of intense EXERCISE.	0	2.25	1	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Intestinal Perforation Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.	0	2.25	1	0
Degos Disease [description not available]	0	2.85	3	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	0	2.25	1	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	0	7.45	14	1
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	7.88	8	2
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications [description not available]	0	3.04	4	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	7.45	14	1
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	0	7.88	8	2
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.	0	2.21	1	0
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	0	2.88	3	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.88	3	0
Cold Fingers, Hereditary [description not available]	0	5.09	3	1
Raynaud Disease An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.	1	7.09	3	1
Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.	0	8.65	7	4
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	0	2.25	1	0
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	0	5.68	6	1
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	0	5.68	6	1
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	0	2.25	1	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	0	2.94	3	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	0	2.94	3	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	0	2.25	1	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	0	2.25	1	0
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	0	2.25	1	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	0	2.25	1	0
Intraventricular Septal Defects [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect.	0	2.25	1	0
Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).	0	2.69	2	0
Limited Scleroderma [description not available]	0	3.86	2	1
Breathlessness [description not available]	0	7.74	5	2
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	0	7.74	5	2
Scleroderma, Limited The least progressive form of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA with skin thickening restricted to the face, neck and areas distal to the elbows and/or knees, sparing the trunk. The CREST SYNDROME is a form of limited scleroderma.	0	3.86	2	1
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	0	5.07	3	0
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	1	7.07	3	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	0	2.31	1	0
Catheter-Associated Infections [description not available]	0	6.05	3	1
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	1	8.54	3	2
Acute Symptom Flare [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	0	2.53	2	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	0	2.57	2	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	0	2.57	2	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	0	3.53	1	1
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	0	2.79	3	0
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	0	2.15	1	0
Paralysis, Legs [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Right Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	0	7.49	6	1
Paraplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.	0	2.15	1	0
Ache [description not available]	0	5.85	4	2
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	0	5.85	4	2
Bleeding [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	0	2.15	1	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
ACD-MPV [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome A syndrome of persistent PULMONARY HYPERTENSION in the newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN) without demonstrable HEART DISEASES. This neonatal condition can be caused by severe pulmonary vasoconstriction (reactive type), hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial muscle (hypertrophic type), or abnormally developed pulmonary arterioles (hypoplastic type). The newborn patient exhibits CYANOSIS and ACIDOSIS due to the persistence of fetal circulatory pattern of right-to-left shunting of blood through a patent ductus arteriosus (DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS, PATENT) and at times a patent foramen ovale (FORAMEN OVALE, PATENT).	1	4.15	1	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	0	2.48	2	0
Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.	0	2.59	2	0
Pain, Procedural Pain associated with examination, treatment or procedures.	0	2.17	1	0
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	0	3	4	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	0	2.52	2	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	0	2.52	2	0
Acquired Vocal Cord Palsy [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
Vocal Cord Paralysis Congenital or acquired paralysis of one or both VOCAL CORDS. This condition is caused by defects in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, the VAGUS NERVE and branches of LARYNGEAL NERVES. Common symptoms are VOICE DISORDERS including HOARSENESS or APHONIA.	0	2.54	2	0
Hepatic Veno Occlusive Disease [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease Liver disease that is caused by injuries to the ENDOTHELIAL CELLS of the vessels and subendothelial EDEMA, but not by THROMBOSIS. Extracellular matrix, rich in FIBRONECTINS, is usually deposited around the HEPATIC VEINS leading to venous outflow occlusion and sinusoidal obstruction.	0	2.21	1	0
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary Sarcoidosis affecting predominantly the lungs, the site most frequently involved and most commonly causing morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by sharply circumscribed granulomas in the alveolar, bronchial, and vascular walls, composed of tightly packed cells derived from the mononuclear phagocyte system. The clinical symptoms when present are dyspnea upon exertion, nonproductive cough, and wheezing. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p431)	0	2.21	1	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	0	2.63	2	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	0	2.63	2	0
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.	0	2.21	1	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	3.92	2	1
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	3.92	2	1
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	0	4.11	3	1
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	0	4.11	3	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	2.08	1	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	0	2.1	1	0
Thromboembolism Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.	0	5.05	3	1
Benign Neonatal Sleep Myoclonus [description not available]	0	3	1	0
Cardiac Output, Low A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.	0	3	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	0	3	1	0
Apnea, Sleep [description not available]	0	3	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	0	3	1	0
Sleep Apnea Syndromes Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.	0	3	1	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	0	5.63	3	2
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	0	5.63	3	2
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	0	5.46	5	0
Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.	0	2.52	2	0
Apnea, Obstructive Sleep [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)	0	2.11	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	0	7.54	4	4
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	0	7.54	4	4
Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Ductus Arteriosus, Patent A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth.	0	2.11	1	0
Menorrhagia Excessive uterine bleeding during MENSTRUATION.	0	2.11	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	2.42	2	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	0	2.49	2	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	0	2.11	1	0
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	0	3.5	1	1
Connective Tissue Diseases A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.	0	3.85	2	1
Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	0	2.49	2	0
Adult-Onset Still Disease [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Still's Disease, Adult-Onset Systemic-onset rheumatoid arthritis in adults. It differs from classical rheumatoid arthritis in that it is more often marked by acute febrile onset, and generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly are more prominent.	0	2.13	1	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Neurofibromatosis 1 An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).	0	2.13	1	0
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	0	3.43	1	1
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.	0	3.66	3	0
Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.	0	3.66	3	0
Hepatic Failure [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)	0	2.46	2	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	0	3.89	4	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available]	0	3.38	2	0
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	0	4.23	6	0
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	3.89	4	0
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	3.38	2	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	0	2.44	2	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	0	2.05	1	0
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	0	2.06	1	0
Facial Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the FACE.	0	2.06	1	0
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	0	3.83	2	1
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	0	3.83	2	1
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	0	3.45	1	1
Thrombopenia [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Hemoptysis Expectoration or spitting of blood originating from any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT, usually from hemorrhage in the lung parenchyma (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and the BRONCHIAL ARTERIES.	0	2.06	1	0
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	0	2.06	1	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	0	2.46	2	0
Health Care Associated Infection [description not available]	0	3.38	2	0
Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.	0	3.38	2	0
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	0	2.08	1	0
Hematoma, Subdural, Acute Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE with acute onset of neurological symptoms. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.	0	2.08	1	0
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	0	2.01	1	0
Colicky Pain [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	0	2.01	1	0
Connective Tissue Disease, Mixed [description not available]	0	3.4	1	1
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	0	2.02	1	0
Hot Flashes A sudden, temporary sensation of heat predominantly experienced by some women during MENOPAUSE. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	0	2.02	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	2.43	2	0
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.95	1	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	1	4.95	1	0
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic An autosomal dominant vascular anomaly characterized by telangiectases of the skin and mucous membranes and by recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. This disorder is caused by mutations of a gene (on chromosome 9q3) which encodes endoglin, a membrane glycoprotein that binds TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA.	0	2.03	1	0
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	0	2.04	1	0
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available]	0	3.34	2	0
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.	0	2.04	1	0
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	0	2.04	1	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	0	2.04	1	0
Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.	1	5.34	2	0
Intermittent Claudication A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.	0	3.39	1	1
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	0	1.98	1	0

u 62840

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (81)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (6)

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (9)

Potency Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (64)

Molecular Functions (24)

Ceullar Components (22)

Bioassays (25)

Research

Studies (424)

Study Types

u 62840

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (81)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (6)

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (9)

Potency Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (64)

Molecular Functions (24)

Ceullar Components (22)

Bioassays (25)

Research

Studies (424)

Study Types

Related Drugs (103)

Related Conditions (212)