Compounds > peplomycin
Page last updated: 2024-11-11

peplomycin

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Description

Peplomycin: An antineoplastic agent derived from BLEOMYCIN. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID6852373
CHEMBL ID3990196
CHEBI ID135909
MeSH IDM0026717

Synonyms (32)

Synonym
pepleomycin
peplomycin
ccris 2756
bleomycin pep
n(sup 1)-(3-((1-phenylethyl)amino)propyl)bleomycinamide
bleomycinamide, n(sup 1)-(3-((1-phenylethyl)amino)propyl)-
peplomycine [inn-french]
einecs 269-484-0
peplomycin [inn]
bleomycinamide, n1-(3-((1-phenylethyl)amino)propyl)-, (s)-
peplomycina [inn-spanish]
peplomycinum [inn-latin]
brn 0782891
CHEBI:135909
D08336
68247-85-8
peplomycin (inn)
56h9l80niz ,
peplomycinum
unii-56h9l80niz
peplomycina
peplomycine
peplomycin [jan]
peplomycin [who-dd]
n(sup 1)-(3-(((1s)-1-phenylethyl)amino)propyl)bleomycinamide
n(sup 1)-(3-(((s)-.alpha.-methylbenzyl)amino)propyl)bleomycinamide
peplomycin [mi]
CHEMBL3990196
Q27261405
DTXSID701024414
CS-0025659
HY-106364

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

In 1 carcinoma of the gall bladder peplomycin was more toxic than bleomycin.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Combination of the two drugs bleomycin (BLM) and peplomycin (PEP) may enhance their antineoplastic effects; however, it is not known as to whether this enhancement is accompanied by a concomitant increase in toxicity, especially toxic lung damage."( Pulmonary toxicity of the combination of bleomycin and peplomycin--an experimental study in rats.
Burkhardt, A; Mall, G, 1991)		0.78
" In 1 carcinoma of the gall bladder peplomycin was more toxic than bleomycin."( Comparison of bleomycin and peplomycin toxicity on clonogenic tumor cells from various human tumors.
Engelhardt, R; Fiebig, HH; Löhr, GW; Neumann, HA; Runge, HM, 1986)		0.84
" Combination therapy of anti-platelet aggregating agents such as phthalazinol, dipyridamole, ticlopidine and indomethacin suppressed these toxic changes."( [Effects of anti-platelet aggregating agents on peplomycin induced pulmonary toxicity in mice].
Ekimoto, H; Ito, J; Okada, M; Takahashi, K, 1989)		0.53
"The relative therapeutic and toxic effects of two new analogs were compared with bleomycin over a range of doses."( Relative pulmonary toxicity and antitumor effects of two new bleomycin analogs, pepleomycin and tallysomycin A.
Gram, TE; Siddik, ZH; Sikic, BI, )		0.13
" Blm-BAPP was significantly more pulmonary toxic than bleomycin and had no greater activity against B16 melanoma than either bleomycin or pepleomycin."( A comparison of the pulmonary toxicity and chemotherapeutic activity of bleomycin-BAPP to bleomycin and pepleomycin.
Ginsburg, E; Gram, TE; Trush, MA, 1984)		0.27
"The anti-tumour effects and adverse events were evaluated in 163 MIBC patients who received systemic chemotherapy (SC, n = 34), intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC, n = 50), or combined IAC and radiotherapy (IAC + R, n = 79)."( Efficacy and safety of systemic chemotherapy and intra-arterial chemotherapy with/without radiotherapy for bladder preservation or as neo-adjuvant therapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a single-centre study of 163 patients.
Hayashi, N; Matsuo, T; Miyata, Y; Nomata, K; Ohba, K; Sakai, H; Sakamoto, I; Uetani, M, 2015)		0.42
" The incidence of severe adverse events was higher in the IAC + R group (36."( Efficacy and safety of systemic chemotherapy and intra-arterial chemotherapy with/without radiotherapy for bladder preservation or as neo-adjuvant therapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a single-centre study of 163 patients.
Hayashi, N; Matsuo, T; Miyata, Y; Nomata, K; Ohba, K; Sakai, H; Sakamoto, I; Uetani, M, 2015)		0.42

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of MTX in plasma and CSF were estimated."( Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.
Abe, T; Ghoda, M; Hori, S; Mori, T; Morikawa, N; Takeyama, M, 1997)		0.3
" The half-life of MTX in the CSF in the space left by tumor removal exceeded the half-lives of MTX in the plasma and in the ventricular CSF."( Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.
Abe, T; Ghoda, M; Hori, S; Mori, T; Morikawa, N; Takeyama, M, 1997)		0.3
" THP concentration was measured by HPLC, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of this drug were estimated in plasma and CSF."( Pharmacokinetics of intra-arterially administered pirarubicin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with glioma.
Hori, S; Mori, T; Morikawa, N; Takeyama, M, 1998)		0.3

Compound-Compound Interactions

The effect of local anesthetics alone and combined with hyperthermia on the cytotoxic effect of the bleomycin derivative, peplomycin, was studied. The objectives of this study were to evaluate survival in 141 patients with stage II-IV oral squamous cell carcinoma.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Fourty eight patients with cancer of head of pancreas have been treated by the intra-arterial infusion of 5-FU and Mitomycin C alone or in combination with regional hyperthermia, employing microwave machine operating at a frequency of 2450 MHz."( [Hyperthermia: microwave hyperthermia in combination with intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy of cancer of the pancreas].
Endo, Y; Funatomi, H; Hatta, Y; Hirose, N; Miura, T; Sassa, T; Taguchi, S; Yoshikawa, N, 1985)		0.27
" Experiments are described here in which Chinese hamster V-79 cells in culture and a murine squamous cell carcinoma in vivo have been used to obtain survival curves for pepleomycin alone or in combination with radiation."( The in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of pepleomycin alone or in combination with radiation.
Komatsu, K; Matsumoto, Y; Sakamoto, K, 1985)		0.27
"The effect of local anesthetics alone and combined with hyperthermia on the cytotoxic effect of the bleomycin derivative, peplomycin, was studied in FM3A and HeLa cells."( Selective enhancement of the cytotoxicity of the bleomycin derivative, peplomycin, by local anesthetics alone and combined with hyperthermia.
Ishida, A; Mizuno, S, 1982)		0.7
" At this time the ITC therapy is used in combination with induced-hypertension-chemotherapy (IHC therapy)."( [The clinical effect of hyperthermia combined with induced hypertension chemotherapy].
Hayashida, S; Kobayashi, T; Sugimoto, K, 1984)		0.27
" Ten patients with inoperable advanced esophageal cancer were treated with endoscopic local injection of PEP-CH combined with radiation using 60Co."( [Local injection of peplomycin adsorbed on activated carbon particles combined with 60Co radiation against inoperable advanced esophageal cancer--two long-term survivors].
Hagiwara, A; Kojima, O; Oyama, T; Ozaki, K; Sakakibara, T; Sakakura, C; Sasaki, S; Shimotsuma, M; Takahashi, T; Tsujimoto, H, 1993)		0.61
" The object of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative chemotherapy combined with radiation therapy for bladder cancer."( [The long-term effect and outcome of preoperative chemotherapy combined with radiation therapy for bladder cancer].
Hayashida, S; Kamata, S; Mitsui, H; Nakane, H; Nasu, T, 1996)		0.29
"We examined the interactive effects of hyperthermia combined with cisplatin (CDDP) (0."( In vitro effects of hyperthermia combined with cisplatin or peplomycin on the human maxillary carcinoma cell line IMC-2.
Hayashi, S; Kano, E; Kitai, R; Matsumoto, H; Ohtsubo, T; Saito, H; Saito, T; Shioura, H, )		0.37
" In conclusion, the local administration of epinephrine combined with hyperthermia significantly retarded tumor growth without an increase in skin reactions or lung metastases."( Epinephrine or peplomycin combined with hyperthermia in irradiated Lewis lung carcinoma: effects on tumor growth, skin reaction, and lung metastasis.
Mori, T; Ohizumi, Y; Tamai, Y, 1996)		0.65
"The objectives of this study were to evaluate survival in 141 patients with stage II-IV oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treated with preoperative intra-arterial chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and peplomycin combined with intravenous chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil (IADCPIVF) via the superficial temporal artery, and to clarify the prognostic factors."( Preoperative intra-arterial chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and peplomycin combined with intravenous chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Endo, M; Hasegawa, H; Kaneko, T; Kanno, C; Kano, M; Kitabatake, T; Monma, T; Sato, E; Takeishi, E; Yamazaki, M, 2020)		0.98

Dosage Studied

A new dosage form (PEP-CH) of peplomycin was tested for therapeutic efficacy against lymph node metastasis in mice.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Total dosage was 60 Gy of Linac irradiation under 80-110 mg infusion of PEP."( [Feasibility and radicality of PEP-chemoradiation therapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma].
Abe, A; Hibi, G; Mineno, Y; Murai, T; Oka, T; Okui, K; Sugiura, N; Tsujikawa, T; Yamauchi, T, 1990)		0.28
"A new dosage form (PEP-CH) of peplomycin was tested for therapeutic efficacy against lymph node metastasis in mice."( Enhanced anti-cancer efficacy on lymph node metastasis using peplomycin adsorbed on small activated carbon particles.
Hagiwara, A; Ito, M; Iwamoto, A; Sasabe, T; Shimotsuma, M; Takahashi, T; Yoneyama, C, 1991)		0.81
"A new dosage form consisting of small activated carbon particles which adsorb Aclacinomycin A, Adriamycin, Mitomycin C or Pepleomycin was prepared in order to deliver larger amounts of anticancer agents to the lymph nodes through the high ability of lymphatics to adsorb particles."( Anticancer agents adsorbed by activated carbon particles, a new form of dosage enhancing efficacy on lymphnodal metastases.
Ahn, T; Hagiwara, A; Iwamoto, A; Takahashi, T; Torii, T; Ueda, T, )		0.13
" The schedule and dosage of each chemotherapy were as follows."( [Non-cross-resistant sequential combination chemotherapy consisting of cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (II) mainly, based on synchronization theory, in human bladder cancer xenografts in athymic nude mice].
Okada, K; Yamauchi, T; Yoshida, O, 1986)		0.27
"Pulmonary toxicity was examined by means of Matsuda and Takahashi's procedure in peplomycin solution, and two types of a new dosage form of peplomycin (PEP-CH), which has peplomycin adsorbed on to activated carbon particles."( Reduced pulmonary toxicity of peplomycin in a new drug-delivery system.
Hagiwara, A; Takahashi, T; Torii, T; Ueda, T, 1988)		0.79
"The effect of a new dosage form for anti-cancer agents was studied on tissue distribution and compared with the aqueous solution form."( Activated carbon particles as anti-cancer drug carrier into regional lymph nodes.
Hagiwara, A; Iwamoto, A; Takahashi, T; Torii, T; Ueda, T, 1987)		0.27
" In samples from eight different donors, homogeneous dose-response curves were observed."( Treatment of human clonogenic tumor cells and bone marrow progenitor cells with bleomycin and peplomycin under 40.5 degrees C hyperthermia in vitro.
Engelhardt, R; Fiebig, HH; Herrmann, DB; Neumann, HA, 1989)		0.5
" The mean dosage of peplomycin given was 79."( [Continuous subcutaneous infusion of peplomycin in oral squamous carcinoma].
Hanazawa, Y; Kanazawa, H; Kinehara, M; Muto, M; Sato, K; Takahara, M; Takahara, T; Takahashi, K; Uchiyama, S, 1989)		0.87
" Changes in both the PEP treatment time and dosage produced a redistribution which decreases the number of cells in the G1 phase and increased the number of cells in the S and G2-M phases."( [Experimental studies on combination chemotherapy based on cell cycle analysis].
Tsuboi, T, 1985)		0.27
" Six patients were treated at a level of 5 mg/m2, 8 patients at 10 mg/m2 and 4 patients at 15 mg/m2 of peplomycin, each dosage being given twice weekly intravenously."( Phase I evaluation of peplomycin with special reference to pulmonary toxicity.
Hansen, HH; Rørth, M; Sørensen, PG, 1983)		0.8
" Studying the growth-inhibitory potencies of BLM (clinical mixture), BLM-A2, BLM-B2 and PEP in the L5178y mouse lymphoma cell culture system, it was elucidated that the slopes of the dose-response curves at the ED50 concentration (around 1 microgram/ml) were steeper for PEP than for BLM."( Potentiation of the cytostatic effect of bleomycin on L5178y mouse lymphoma cells by pepleomycin.
Bachmann, M; Geisert, M; Maidhof, A; Müller, WE; Umezawa, H; Zahn, RK, 1983)		0.27
" The toxicities in the case of intra-arterial infusion were less prominent than in the case of intravenous administration of the same dosage of the oncostatics."( [Intra-arterial infusion of oncostatics in recurrent cervical carcinoma].
Iijima, S; Inaba, J; Kawagoe, K; Sasaki, J; Tsunoda, H, 1983)		0.27
" In a dose-response study, BLM and peplomycin (PEP) were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes."( Carcinogenicity of bleomycin sulfate and peplomycin sulfate after repeated subcutaneous application to rats.
Habs, M; Schmähl, D, 1984)		0.81
"The cytokinetic response of Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells in vivo upon chronic treatment at low dosage levels with cytarabine (1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, ara-c) bleomycin (BLM) and peplomycin (PEP) was estimated."( Cytostatic and cytotoxic response of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vivo on chronic treatment with cytarabine, bleomycin, and peplomycin.
Engel, P; Friedel, G; Futterman, G; Goerttler, K; Stoehr, M, 1984)		0.66
"We have developed a new dosage form, PEP-CH, consisting of peplomycin adsorbed onto small activated carbon particles."( [Local injection of peplomycin adsorbed on activated carbon particles combined with 60Co radiation against inoperable advanced esophageal cancer--two long-term survivors].
Hagiwara, A; Kojima, O; Oyama, T; Ozaki, K; Sakakibara, T; Sakakura, C; Sasaki, S; Shimotsuma, M; Takahashi, T; Tsujimoto, H, 1993)		0.85
"A new dosage formulation consisting of an anticancer drug bound to activated carbon particles was developed for the treatment of digestive cancer in patients in whom operation is contraindicated."( Endoscopic local injection of a new drug delivery formulation, anticancer drug bound to carbon particles, for digestive cancers: pilot study.
Hagiwara, A; Imanishi, T; Kitamura, K; Ohgaki, M; Sakakura, C; Shirasu, M; Takahashi, T; Yamasaki, J, 1997)		0.3
"The CSF AUCs of MTX in the ventricle and the space left by tumor removal increased markedly and in parallel with the MTX dosage increase during osmotic disruption of the blood-brain barrier and intraarterial combination chemotherapy."( Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.
Abe, T; Ghoda, M; Hori, S; Mori, T; Morikawa, N; Takeyama, M, 1997)		0.3
"A new dosage formulation consisting of anticancer drugs bound to carbon particles was developed for treating cancers of the upper digestive tract, and is designed to distribute higher levels of anticancer drug to the regional lymph nodes and at the injection site, as compared to a drug in aqueous solution form."( [Endoscopic local injection of anticancer drugs bound to carbon particles for treatment of upper digestive tract cancers--clinical trials].
Hagiwara, A; Imanishi, T; Ohgaki, M; Sakakura, C; Sawai, K; Shirasu, M; Takahashi, T; Taniguchi, H; Togawa, T; Yamaguchi, T; Yamasaki, J, 1997)		0.3
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
glycopeptideAny carbohydrate derivative that consists of glycan moieties covalently attached to the side chains of the amino acid residues that constitute the peptide.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Research

Studies (510)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-1990286 (56.08)18.7374
1990's162 (31.76)18.2507
2000's49 (9.61)29.6817
2010's10 (1.96)24.3611
2020's3 (0.59)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 18.29

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index18.29 (24.57)
Research Supply Index6.37 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.08 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index21.17 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (18.29)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials51 (9.57%)5.53%
Reviews20 (3.75%)6.00%
Case Studies85 (15.95%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other377 (70.73%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
butyric acid
Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.		1.9710fatty acid 4:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		human urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
cytosine
[no description available]		210aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		5.5651pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		1.9610isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,10-phenanthroline
1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases		1.9810phenanthrolineEC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
azelastine
azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.3920monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		2.8840aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
carbazilquinone
Carbazilquinone: An alkylating agent structurally similar to MITOMYCIN and found to be effective in the treatment of leukemia and various other neoplasms in mice. It causes leukemia and thrombocytopenia in almost all human patients.		9.7371organic molecular entity
carmustine
Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.		1.9810N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		1.9710organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		1.9710acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
dibucaine
Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.		2.6630aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		topical anaesthetic
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		1.9610amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
dimethoate
Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.		1.9710monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
xenobiotic
stallimycin
[no description available]		1.9710
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		8.27566nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
ethidium
Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.		1.9710phenanthridinesfluorochrome;
intercalator
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		1.9610benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
ifosfamide
[no description available]		7.89184ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
lomustine
[no description available]		4.3322N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.		2.3720nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent
metoclopramide
Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.		2.3820benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
gastrointestinal drug;
xenobiotic
miconazole
Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		210dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		1.9710dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		1.9710barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
procarbazine
Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		2.6630benzamides;
hydrazines		antineoplastic agent
tegafur
[no description available]		7.23102organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		7.3820monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		11.17012mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		4.336011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
thymidine
[no description available]		1.9810pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		2.420nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		7.37204-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		1.9610non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		3.984011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide
4-nitroquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4.		2.3720C-nitro compound;
quinoline N-oxide		carcinogenic agent
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		1.9710ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		7.3820pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.6930amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		1.9610amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		1.9610organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		2.6630amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		1.9710alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		1.9810antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
cytarabine
[no description available]		8.4780beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
acrylic acid
acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.		3.0710alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acidmetabolite
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		1.96106-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		2.4120pyrrole;
secondary amine
thiazoles
[no description available]		2.4201,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine
pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.		7.0110diazine;
pyrimidines		Daphnia magna metabolite
cepharanthine
cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.		2.3720bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
podophyllotoxin
Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.		2.3720furonaphthodioxole;
lignan;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
megestrol acetate
[no description available]		1.971020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
steroid ester		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
methylnitrosourea
Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.		3.3611N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
mutagen;
teratogenic agent
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		2.0710pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
doxifluridine
doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.		2.420organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
mannose
mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.		2.4420D-aldohexose;
D-mannose;
mannopyranose		metabolite
megestrol
Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.		1.971017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
platinum
Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.		8.3711elemental platinum;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		2.3920copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium
Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.		2.0110manganese group element atom
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		7.6930delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
misonidazole
Misonidazole: A nitroimidazole that sensitizes normally radio-resistant hypoxic cells to radiation. It may also be directly cytotoxic to hypoxic cells and has been proposed as an antineoplastic.		1.9610
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		2.3720aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
etoposide
[no description available]		8.99386beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
nimustine
Nimustine: Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.. nimustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl] group. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.		7.17113aminopyrimidine;
N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-3 alpha,6 alpha-diphenylglycoluril
1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-3 alpha,6 alpha-diphenylglycoluril: reagent for protein iodinations; structure		1.9610
vindesine
Vindesine: Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against CANCER. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols (ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS).		6152methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
primary carboxamide;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		1.9910aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
irinotecan
[no description available]		2.420carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
capecitabine
Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.		2.0710carbamate ester;
cytidines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		2.420organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
1,7-phenanthroline
[no description available]		1.9810phenanthroline
fluorodeoxyglucose f18
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)		2.02102-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose;
2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
enocitabine
[no description available]		1.9810organic molecular entity
dw a 2114r
[no description available]		1.9810platinum coordination entity;
pyrrolidines		antineoplastic agent
ubenimex
ubenimex: growth inhibitor		1.9610
leupeptin
[no description available]		1.9710aldehyde;
tripeptide		bacterial metabolite;
calpain inhibitor;
cathepsin B inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor;
serine protease inhibitor
phleomycins
Phleomycins: Water-soluble, copper-containing low molecular weight polypeptides obtained from the culture medium of Streptomyces verticillus. They are specific inhibitors of DNA synthesis in bacteria and have been found to act as antitumor agents. They have also been used against rust fungi of plants.. phleomycin : A mixture of glycopeptide antibiotics originally isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces verticillus whose components all contain a thiazolinylthiazole moiety and can form complexes with redox-active metals such as Co, Cu, and Fe. (Bleomycins are very similar to phleomycins, but have a bithiazole moiety in place of the thiazolinylthiazole moiety).		1.9710
5-methoxysalicylic acid
5-methoxysalicylic acid: enhances intestinal absorption of insulin in rats; RN given refers to parent cpd. 5-methoxysalicylic acid : A methoxysalicylic acid that is salicylic acid which is carrying a methoxy group at position 5.		1.9610methoxysalicylic acidbacterial metabolite;
human urinary metabolite
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		3.2460cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
uftoral
UFT(R) drug: a drug containing tegafur and uracil; a biochemical modulator of 5-fluorouracil; used for postoperative chemotherapy of colon cancer; reported to cause severe liver injury; do not confuse with 1-UFT protocol		3.0910
dynemicin a
[no description available]		1.9810
neothramycins
neothramycins: belong to anthramycin group of antibiotics possessing a benzodiazepine structure; RN in Chemline for neothramycin A: 59593-16-7; RN in Chemline for neothramycin B: 59593-15-6; structure		3.0510
e 64
E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)		2.3720dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
guanidines;
L-leucine derivative;
zwitterion		antimalarial;
antiparasitic agent;
protease inhibitor
ferric bleomycin
iron bleomycin: iron-bleomycin complexes		1.9910
methotrexate
[no description available]		9.98446dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
duocarmycin b2
duocarmycin B2: from Streptomyces sp. DO-89		2.1710
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.2510secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
aclacinomycin
aklavin: antibiotic prepared from culture liquids of streptomycete (A 1129); possessing antiphage activity; structure. aclacinomycin T : An anthracycline that is aklavinone having an alpha-L-rhodosaminyl residue attached at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.3620aminoglycoside;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
methyl ester;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols;
polyketide;
tertiary alcohol;
tetracenequinones;
zwitterion		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		8.2260amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
estramustine
Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.		6.454217beta-hydroxy steroid;
carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
radiation protective agent
leupeptins
Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.		1.9710
carboplatin
[no description available]		11.18101
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		1.961011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
puromycin
[no description available]		1.9810puromycinsantiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor;
nucleoside antibiotic;
protein synthesis inhibitor
inositol 3-phosphate
inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer		4.1431
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		3.3511retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		2.3920retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		1.9810epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
neocarzinostatin chromophore
neocarzinostatin chromophore: nonprotein chromophore of neocarzinostatin; antibiotic activity of Neocarzinostatin depends on wholy on chromophore interaction with DNA; Chrom A & Chrom B are separated by HPLC; Chrom C is derived from Chrom A; Chrom D is inactive minor component. neocarzinostatin chromophore : A naphthoate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-5-methyl-1-naphthoic acid with the 5-hydroxy group of (1aS,5R,6R,6aE,9aR)-5-hydroxy-1a-[(4R)-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-2,3,8,9-tetradehydro-1a,5,6,9a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[5,6]cyclonona[1,2-b]oxiren-6-yl 2,6-dideoxy-2-(methylamino)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside. The chromophoric part of neocarzinostatin, it is tightly and non-covelently bound to a 113-membered apoprotein, which serves to protect it and release it to the target DNA.		1.9610cyclopentacyclononaoxirene;
D-galactosaminide;
dioxolane;
monosaccharide derivative;
naphthoate ester		antineoplastic agent
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		4.6132olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
aclarubicin
Aclarubicin: An anthracycline produced by Streptomyces galilaeus. It has potent antineoplastic activity.. aclacinomycin A : An anthracycline antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces galilaeus and also has potent antineoplastic activity.		6.84121aminoglycoside;
anthracycline;
methyl ester;
phenols;
polyketide;
tetracenequinones;
trisaccharide derivative;
zwitterion		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		4.1850actinomycinmutagen
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		2.3720L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
bromochloroacetic acid
Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.		1.99102-bromocarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		1.9810isomethyleugenol
picibanil
Picibanil: A lyophilized preparation of a low-virulence strain (SU) of Streptococcus pyogenes (S. hemolyticus), inactivated by heating with penicillin G. It has been proposed as a noncytotoxic antineoplastic agent because of its immune system-stimulating activity.		9.661penicillinate anion
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		1.9810aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		1.96102-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
fosfestrol
fosfestrol: Rx of prostatic carcinoma; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure		4.3222aryl phosphate
didimethylsulfoxide dichloroplatinum(ii)
[no description available]		2.3820
chloramine-t
chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.		1.9610organic sodium saltallergen;
antifouling biocide;
disinfectant
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		210antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
maytansine
Maytansine: An ansa macrolide isolated from the MAYTENUS genus of East African shrubs.. maytansine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound and 19-membered macrocyclic lactam antibiotic originally isolated from the Ethiopian shrub Maytenus serrata but also found in other Maytenus species. It exhibits cytotoxicity against many tumour cell lines.		3.0510alpha-amino acid ester;
carbamate ester;
epoxide;
maytansinoid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organochlorine compound		antimicrobial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
etretinate
retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.		2.3720enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
zinostatin
Zinostatin: An enediyne that alkylates DNA and RNA like MITOMYCIN does, so it is cytotoxic.		2.8840
granisetron
Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.		2.0310aromatic amide;
indazoles
deoxyribose
[no description available]		1.9810deoxypentosehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deglycobleomycin
[no description available]		2.0110
macromomycin protein
macromomycin protein: weakly basic protein isolated from Streptomyces macromomyceticus; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; macromomycin is the apoprotein (MW=11kD) of auromomycin which is a chromophore called AUR-Chr (C35H33NO12) that is the cytotoxic component		3.0510
n-solanesyl-n,n'-bis(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)ethylenediamine
N-solanesyl-N,N'-bis(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)ethylenediamine: structure given in first source		1.9710
pirarubicin
[no description available]		4.6990anthracycline
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		2.3620
bleomycetin
bleomycetin: RN given refers to parent cpd		8.3611
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		2.0210
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		3.2260glycoside
ethyl cellulose
[no description available]		1.9610glycoside
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		7.6730ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		1.9610monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		2.0110
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.4120
calpastatin
calpastatin: large mol wt, heat-stable calpain inhibitor; not based on sequestering Ca++ from medium, but binding to calpain does require Ca++. calpastatin peptide Ac 184-210 : A 27-membered polypeptide comprising the sequence Ac-Asp-Pro-Met-Ser-Ser-Thr-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Glu-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg-Glu-Val-Thr-Ile-Pro-Pro-Lys-Tyr-Arg-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-NH2. An acetylated synthetic peptide from human calpastatin that strongly inhibits both calpains I and II but not papain (a cysteine protease) or trypsin (a serine protease).		7.0310polypeptideEC 3.4.22.52 (calpain-1) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.53 (calpain-2) inhibitor
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.		1.9710
ansamitocins
ansamitocins: maytansinoid antibiotics produced by an actinomycete strain Norcardia sp. No. C-15003 (N-1); P-1 & P-2 identified with maytanacine & maytansinol propionate, respectively; structures for ansamitocins P-0, P-1, P-2, P-3, P-3', P-4 in second source		3.0510
nedaplatin
nedaplatin: structure given in first source		10.441
guanine
[no description available]		1.99102-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		4.3260dacarbazine
chromomycin a3
Chromomycin A3: Glycosidic antibiotic from Streptomyces griseus used as a fluorescent stain of DNA and as an antineoplastic agent.		3.3511
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		1.9510
filipin
Filipin: A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important.		6.9610
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		012.4715418
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		012.4715418
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		07.76336
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		08.93299
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		07.76336
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		03.8321
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		013.49342
Acid Aspiration Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Asialia
[description not available]		02.2510
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		03.8321
Pneumonia, Aspiration
A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.		02.2510
Xerostomia
Decreased salivary flow.		02.2510
Cancer of Lip
[description not available]		05.7842
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		07.97193
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		07.97193
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		04.68110
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		04.68110
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		08.08407
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		04.8881
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		08.08407
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.		07.14215
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.1110
Carcinoma, Adenosquamous
A mixed adenocarcinoma and squamous cell or epidermoid carcinoma.		02.9240
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		09.63477
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		09.63477
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		03.0950
Cancer of the Tongue
[description not available]		011.22133
Tongue Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.		06.22133
Airway Obstruction
Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.		02.0110
Disgerminoma
[description not available]		04.2770
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		08.69314
Dysgerminoma
A malignant ovarian neoplasm, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. It is the counterpart of the classical seminoma of the testis, to which it is both grossly and histologically identical. Dysgerminomas comprise 16% of all germ cell tumors but are rare before the age of 10, although nearly 50% occur before the age of 20. They are generally considered of low-grade malignancy but may spread if the tumor extends through its capsule and involves lymph nodes or blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1646)		04.2770
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		08.69314
Mouth Ulcer
[description not available]		02.0110
Oral Ulcer
A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842)		02.0110
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		09.45568
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		09.45568
Arterial Inflammation
[description not available]		02.0210
Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.9310
Scleroderma, Diffuse
A rapid onset form of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA with progressive widespread SKIN thickening over the arms, the legs and the trunk, resulting in stiffness and disability.		02.9310
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.8940
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		03.2360
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		02.8940
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		03.2360
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		02.6730
Bullous Dermatoses
[description not available]		02.0210
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0210
Hand Dermatosis
[description not available]		02.0210
Hand Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the HANDS.		02.0210
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.		07.0210
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		09.09447
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		09.09447
Congenital Epulides
[description not available]		03.7921
Complications, Neoplastic Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.0210
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		03.4880
Yolk Sac Tumor
[description not available]		03.0950
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		03.4880
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		07.4320
Endodermal Sinus Tumor
An unusual and aggressive tumor of germ-cell origin that reproduces the extraembryonic structures of the early embryo. It is the most common malignant germ cell tumor found in children. It is characterized by a labyrinthine glandular pattern of flat epithelial cells and rounded papillary processes with a central capillary (Schiller-Duval body). The tumor is rarely bilateral. Before the use of combination chemotherapy, the tumor was almost invariably fatal. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1189)		03.0950
Cancer of Maxillary Sinus
[description not available]		03.8140
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		02.0210
Cancer of Testis
[description not available]		05.33220
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		02.0210
Testicular Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.		05.33220
Seminoma
A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.9140
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		04.8681
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		08.58363
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		04.8681
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		08.58363
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type
[description not available]		02.9410
Adult-Onset Still Disease
[description not available]		02.9410
Dermatomyositis
A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)		02.9410
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		02.9410
Still's Disease, Adult-Onset
Systemic-onset rheumatoid arthritis in adults. It differs from classical rheumatoid arthritis in that it is more often marked by acute febrile onset, and generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly are more prominent.		02.9410
Adhesions, Tissue
[description not available]		02.0310
Sterility, Female
[description not available]		02.0310
Cancer, Embryonal
[description not available]		02.3920
Peritoneal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.		02.0310
Infertility, Female
Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.		02.0310
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal
Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.		02.3920
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		02.6930
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		02.8940
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		02.4120
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		02.6930
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		02.4120
Neoplasms, Squamous Cell
Neoplasms of the SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in tissue composed of squamous elements.		02.0310
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		03.2160
Metastase
[description not available]		06.45101
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		03.2160
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		06.45101
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.84120
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		06.52181
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		09.52335
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		06.52181
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		09.52335
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		06.35151
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		06.35151
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		05.71112
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		01.9610
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		04.2741
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.6630
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		05.71112
Leiomyosarcoma
A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)		01.9610
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		04.2741
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		02.3720
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		03.0650
Leukemia L5178
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice.		02.6530
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		03.5830
Rhabdomyosarcoma
A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)		03.5730
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.6530
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		05.1941
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		05.1941
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		06.78184
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		06.78184
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.8840
Dermatoses
[description not available]		02.3720
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		02.8840
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		02.3720
Maxillary Neoplasms
Cancer or tumors of the MAXILLA or upper jaw.		03.67100
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		02.3720
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		02.3720
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		03.4780
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		03.4780
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia
[description not available]		01.9610
Carcinoma, Papillary
A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		03.0750
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating
A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.		01.9610
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		03.3570
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		03.67100
Alveolitis, Fibrosing
[description not available]		04.27190
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.		04.27190
Recrudescence
[description not available]		03.7621
Cancer of Pelvis
[description not available]		02.3720
Cancer of Nasopharynx
[description not available]		03.0750
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.		03.0750
Cancer of Pharynx
[description not available]		03.2260
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		01.9610
Pharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX.		03.2260
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		01.9610
Cancer of the Urethra
[description not available]		02.6630
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary
An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9610
Urethral Neoplasms
Cancer or tumors of the URETHRA. Benign epithelial tumors of the urethra usually consist of squamous and transitional cells. Primary urethral carcinomas are rare and typically of squamous cells. Urethral carcinoma is the only urological malignancy that is more common in females than in males.		02.6630
Female Genital Neoplasms
[description not available]		04.2741
Genital Neoplasms, Female
Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		04.2741
Esophageal Fistula
Abnormal passage communicating with the ESOPHAGUS. The most common type is TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA between the esophagus and the TRACHEA.		01.9610
Bronchial Fistula
An abnormal passage or communication between a bronchus and another part of the body.		01.9610
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		05.3172
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		05.3172
Germinoma
A malignant neoplasm of the germinal tissue of the GONADS; MEDIASTINUM; or pineal region. Germinomas are uniform in appearance, consisting of large, round cells with vesicular nuclei and clear or finely granular eosinophilic-staining cytoplasm. (Stedman, 265th ed; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1642-3)		02.3920
Cancer of Mediastinum
[description not available]		02.8940
Mediastinal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM.		02.8940
Hydronephrosis
Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.		01.9810
Choriocarcinoma
A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).		07.3820
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		03.3711
Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Pigmented
[description not available]		03.3120
Carcinoma, Basal Cell
A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)		03.3120
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung
A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.		02.3920
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		02.6730
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		02.6730
Moniliasis, Oral
[description not available]		01.9810
Candidiasis, Oral
Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9810
Leukemia P388
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.		02.6630
Cancer of the Vulva
[description not available]		03.7621
Vulvar Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the VULVA.		03.7621
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		01.9810
Teratocarcinoma
A malignant neoplasm consisting of elements of teratoma with those of embryonal carcinoma or choriocarcinoma, or both. It occurs most often in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9910
Spinal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE.		01.9910
Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		02.9110
Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic
A systemic, large-cell, non-Hodgkin, malignant lymphoma characterized by cells with pleomorphic appearance and expressing the CD30 ANTIGEN. These so-called hallmark cells have lobulated and indented nuclei. This lymphoma is often mistaken for metastatic carcinoma and MALIGNANT HISTIOCYTOSIS.		02.9110
Alopecia Cicatrisata
[description not available]		03.7721
Emesis
[description not available]		05.3853
Alopecia
Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.		03.7721
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		05.6673
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		05.3853
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		03.7721
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		01.9910
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		01.9910
Cancer of Salivary Gland
[description not available]		02.6830
Salivary Gland Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.		02.6830
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		01.9910
Dysembryoma
[description not available]		03.3670
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		01.9910
Teratoma
A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642)		03.3670
Cancer of Penis
[description not available]		03.9950
Penile Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the PENIS or of its component tissues.		03.9950
Cancer of Oropharnyx
[description not available]		02.3820
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OROPHARYNX.		02.3820
Calculosis
[description not available]		0210
Neoplasm Metastasis, Unknown Primary
[description not available]		0210
Testicular Diseases
Pathological processes of the TESTIS.		0210
Cancer of Muscle
[description not available]		0210
Minimal Disease, Residual
[description not available]		0210
Hypopharyngeal Cancer
[description not available]		02.8940
Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the HYPOPHARYNX.		02.8940
Multiple Primary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.6630
Retroperitoneal Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the RETROPERITONEAL SPACE.		02.6630
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.8940
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.8940
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		01.9810
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		01.9810
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		01.9710
Cancer of the Urinary Tract
[description not available]		04.4551
Genito-urinary Cancer
[description not available]		01.9710
Urogenital Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female.		01.9710
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Familial
[description not available]		01.9710
Glossoptosis, Micrognathia, and Cleft Palate
[description not available]		01.9710
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli
A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.		01.9710
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		03.3611
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		03.3611
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		03.3611
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		02.3720
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		02.3720
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		03.7721
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		03.7721
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		03.7721
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		03.7721
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		05.1943
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		05.1943
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		02.6630
Cancer of Spleen
[description not available]		01.9710
Kidney Stones
[description not available]		01.9710
Kidney Calculi
Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.		01.9710
Cancer, Second Primary
[description not available]		01.9710
Ameloblastoma
An immature epithelial tumor of the JAW originating from the epithelial rests of Malassez or from other epithelial remnants of the ENAMEL from the developmental period. It is a slowly growing tumor, usually benign, but displays a marked propensity for invasive growth.		01.9710
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		02.6630
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		01.9610
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		01.9610
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		01.9610
Cancer of the Ureter
[description not available]		01.9610
Ureteral Neoplasms
Cancer or tumors of the URETER which may cause obstruction leading to hydroureter, HYDRONEPHROSIS, and PYELONEPHRITIS. HEMATURIA is a common symptom.		01.9610
Carcinoma, Bronchial
[description not available]		03.7621
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic
Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.		03.7621
Cicatrization
The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.		01.9610
Milk-Alkali Syndrome
[description not available]		02.3720
Leukocytosis
A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.		01.9610
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		01.9610
Cicatrix
The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.		01.9610
Hypercalcemia
Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.		07.3720
Periphlebitis
Periphlebitis is inflammation of the outer coat of a vein or of tissues surrounding the vein.		01.9610
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein, often a vein in the leg. Phlebitis associated with a blood clot is called (THROMBOPHLEBITIS).		01.9610
Cancer of Paranasal Sinus
[description not available]		02.3720
Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PARANASAL SINUSES.		02.3720
Abdominal Cryptorchidism
[description not available]		02.3720
Infections, Retroviridae
[description not available]		01.9610
Retroviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the RETROVIRIDAE.		01.9610
Myosarcoma
A general term for a malignant neoplasm derived from muscular tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3720
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		01.9610
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		01.9610
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		01.9710
Granuloma, Hodgkin
[description not available]		01.9710
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		01.9710
Hodgkin Disease
A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.		01.9710
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		03.7621
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		06.9710
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		03.7621
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		01.9710
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		01.9710
Leukemia, Lymphocytic
[description not available]		01.9710
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.		01.9710
Bronchial Pneumonia
[description not available]		01.9710
Cancer of Gallbladder
[description not available]		01.9710
Gallbladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.		01.9710
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		01.9710
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		01.9710
Mucositis, Oral
[description not available]		02.3720
Skin Ulcer
An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.		01.9710
Stomatitis
INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.		02.3720
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		01.9710
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		01.9710
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		01.9710
Osteoradionecrosis
Necrosis of bone following radiation injury.		01.9710
Cocarcinogenesis
The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.		01.9710
Mesonephroma
A rare tumor of the female genital tract, most often the ovary, formerly considered to be derived from mesonephric rests. Two varieties are recognized: (1) clear cell carcinoma, so called because of its histologic resemblance to renal cell carcinoma, and now considered to be of muellerian duct derivation and (2) an embryonal tumor (called also ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOR and yolk sac tumor), occurring chiefly in children. The latter variety may also arise in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9710
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		01.9710
Edema, Pulmonary
[description not available]		01.9710
Embolism, Pulmonary
[description not available]		01.9710
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.		01.9710
Pulmonary Embolism
Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.		01.9710
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		01.9710
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		01.9710
Pyrexia
[description not available]		01.9610
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		01.9610