Compounds > simvastatin acid
Page last updated: 2024-12-06

simvastatin acid

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Simvastatin acid is a potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It is a synthetically derived compound, typically produced through a multi-step process involving fermentation, chemical modification, and purification. Simvastatin acid effectively lowers LDL cholesterol, commonly known as bad cholesterol, and increases HDL cholesterol, the good cholesterol, thereby reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke. Its importance lies in its ability to effectively manage hyperlipidemia and prevent cardiovascular events. Due to its significant clinical benefits, simvastatin acid has been widely studied and remains one of the most prescribed statins globally. Extensive research focuses on understanding its pharmacokinetic properties, potential side effects, and interactions with other medications, as well as exploring its potential applications in various health conditions beyond hyperlipidemia.'

simvastatin acid: structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID64718
CHEMBL ID1201391
CHEBI ID169041
SCHEMBL ID110804
MeSH IDM0174762

Synonyms (33)

Synonym
simvastatin hydroxy acid
(3r,5r)-7-[(1s,2s,6r,8s,8ar)-8-(2,2-dimethylbutanoyloxy)-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid
CHEBI:169041
121009-77-6
1-naphthaleneheptanoic acid, 8-(2,2-dimethyl-1-oxobutoxy)-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-beta,delta-dihydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-, (1s-(1alpha(betas*,deltas*),2alpha,6beta,8beta,8aalpha))-
BCBCMAP01_000237
dimethyl-compactin
bdbm18375
simvastatin acid
(3r,5r)-7-[(1s,2s,6r,8s,8ar)-8-[(2,2-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy]-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid
tenivastatin
CHEMBL1201391
simvastatin carboxylic acid
tenivastatin [inn]
9l6m5th46b ,
1-naphthaleneheptanoic acid, 8-(2,2-dimethyl-1-oxobutoxy)-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-beta,delta-dihydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-, (betar,deltar,1s,2s,6r,8s,8ar)-
unii-9l6m5th46b
gtpl3037
simvastatin impurity a [ep impurity]
tenivastatin [who-dd]
1-naphthaleneheptanoic acid, 8-(2,2-dimethyl-1-oxobutoxy)-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-.beta.,.delta.-dihydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-, (.beta.r,.delta.r,1s,2s,6r,8s,8ar)-
simvastatin impurity, simvastatin hydroxyacid- [usp impurity]
SCHEMBL110804
simvastatin ep impurity a
HY-119695
C21581
(3r,5r)-7-{(1s,2s,6r,8s,8ar)-8-[(2,2-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy]-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl}-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid
DTXSID60880249
(3r,5r)-7-((1s,2s,6r,8s,8ar)-8-((2,2-dimethylbutanoyl)oxy)-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid
DB14714
Q27088960
CS-0077843
AKOS040746399

Research Excerpts

Effects

Simvastatin acid (SVA) has been reported to stimulate bone formation with increased expression of BMP-2.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Simvastatin acid (SVA) has been reported to stimulate bone formation with increased expression of BMP-2. "( Oxygen plasma surface modification enhances immobilization of simvastatin acid.
Hayakawa, T; Ide, T; Inoue, T; Matsuzaka, K; Oda, Y; Shimono, M; Tanaka, T; Yoshinari, M, 2006)		2.02
"Simvastatin acid (SVA) has been reported to stimulate bone formation by increasing expression of BMP-2 in osteoblasts. "( Controlled release of simvastatin acid using cyclodextrin inclusion system.
Hashimoto, S; Ide, T; Inoue, T; Ishihara, K; Matsuzaka, K; Oda, Y; Tanaka, T; Yoshinari, M, 2007)		2.1

Pharmacokinetics

The aim of this work was to develop a joint population pharmacokinetic model for simvastatin (SV) and its active metabolite, simvistatin acid (SVA) This allows extrapolation and prediction of their concentration profiles in liver (efficacy) and muscle (toxicity)

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"To characterize the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin (SV) and simvastatin acid (SVA), a lactone-acid pair known to undergo reversible metabolism, and to better understand mechanisms underlying pharmacokinetic interactions observed between SV and gemfibrozil."( Interconversion pharmacokinetics of simvastatin and its hydroxy acid in dogs: effects of gemfibrozil.
Brunner, J; Lin, JH; Michel, K; Mu, L; Prueksaritanont, T; Qiu, Y; Richards, KM, 2005)		0.57
" There fore, this study was conducted to determine the potential for pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between vildagliptin and simvastatin at steady-state."( Evaluation of the potential for steady-state pharmacokinetic interaction between vildagliptin and simvastatin in healthy subjects.
Ayalasomayajula, SP; Campestrini, J; Dole, K; He, YL; Humbert, H; Ligueros-Saylan, M; Sunkara, G; Wang, Y, 2007)		0.34
" Pharmacokinetic and statistical analyses were performed using WinNonlin and SAS, respectively."( Evaluation of the potential for steady-state pharmacokinetic interaction between vildagliptin and simvastatin in healthy subjects.
Ayalasomayajula, SP; Campestrini, J; Dole, K; He, YL; Humbert, H; Ligueros-Saylan, M; Sunkara, G; Wang, Y, 2007)		0.34
" This novel method has been applied to human pharmacokinetic study."( Development and validation of a highly sensitive and robust LC-ESI-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of simvastatin acid, amlodipine and valsartan in human plasma: application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study.
Mullangi, R; Ramani, AV; Sengupta, P, 2009)		0.56
"This was an open-label, randomized, three-period, multiple-dose crossover study that assessed the potential for pharmacokinetic interaction between extended-release niacin and ezetimibe/simvastatin and their major metabolites."( Assessment of potential pharmacokinetic interactions of ezetimibe/simvastatin and extended-release niacin tablets in healthy subjects.
Cutler, DL; Kim, KT; Kosoglou, T; Statkevich, P; Taggart, W; Triantafyllou, I; Xuan, F; Zhu, Y, 2011)		0.37
"There is a small pharmacokinetic drug interaction between ER niacin and ezetimibe/simvastatin and although this is not considered to be clinically significant, the concomitant use of these drugs should be appropriately monitored, especially during the niacin titration period."( Assessment of potential pharmacokinetic interactions of ezetimibe/simvastatin and extended-release niacin tablets in healthy subjects.
Cutler, DL; Kim, KT; Kosoglou, T; Statkevich, P; Taggart, W; Triantafyllou, I; Xuan, F; Zhu, Y, 2011)		0.37
" GBE administration reduced mean simvastatin area under the curve (AUC)0-24, AUC0-∞ and Cmax by 39% (p = 0."( Assessment of a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between simvastatin and Ginkgo biloba extracts in healthy subjects.
Chen, Y; Dai, LL; Fan, L; Peng, XD; Shen, MX; Tan, ZR; Wu, HZ; Yang, GP; Zhou, HH, 2013)		0.39
" The final population pharmacokinetic model shows that the elimination rate constant for simvastatin acid, the active form by hydrolysis of its lactone prodrug (i."( Genetic algorithm guided population pharmacokinetic model development for simvastatin, concurrently or non-concurrently co-administered with amlodipine.
Chaturvedula, A; Lee, H; Sale, ME, 2014)		0.62
" Pharmacokinetic parameters on days 1 and 7 were compared."( Pharmacokinetics of niacin, simvastatin and their metabolites in healthy Chinese subjects after single and multiple doses of a fixed dose combination tablet of niacin extended release/simvastatin.
Han, J; Liu, HC; Liu, M; Wang, XL; Wang, ZL; Yang, M; Zhang, D; Zhang, YN, 2014)		0.4
" Plasma concentrations of simvastatin and simvastatin acid were measured in 2,182 and 2,130 samples, respectively, and the pharmacokinetic data were analyzed using NONMEM."( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of simvastatin and its active metabolite with the characterization of atypical complex absorption kinetics.
Bae, KS; Cho, SH; Choe, S; Ghim, JL; Jin, SJ; Jung, JA; Kim, HS; Kim, U; Lim, HS; Noh, YH; Park, HJ, 2014)		0.67
" Pharmacokinetic modeling preferred the inter-conversion between simvastatin and simvastatin acid."( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of simvastatin and its active metabolite with the characterization of atypical complex absorption kinetics.
Bae, KS; Cho, SH; Choe, S; Ghim, JL; Jin, SJ; Jung, JA; Kim, HS; Kim, U; Lim, HS; Noh, YH; Park, HJ, 2014)		0.63
"A pharmacokinetic model describing the complex, multiple peak, absorption kinetics of simvastatin was formulated using three parallel, mixed zero and first-order absorptions."( Population pharmacokinetic analysis of simvastatin and its active metabolite with the characterization of atypical complex absorption kinetics.
Bae, KS; Cho, SH; Choe, S; Ghim, JL; Jin, SJ; Jung, JA; Kim, HS; Kim, U; Lim, HS; Noh, YH; Park, HJ, 2014)		0.4
"The aim of this work was to develop a joint population pharmacokinetic model for simvastatin (SV) and its active metabolite, simvastatin acid (SVA), that incorporates the effects of multiple genetic polymorphisms and clinical/demographic characteristics."( Identification of the effect of multiple polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin and simvastatin acid using a population-modeling approach.
Aarons, L; Dickinson, G; Galetin, A; Guo, Y; Hall, S; Rostami-Hodjegan, A; Tsamandouras, N, 2014)		0.83
"No relevant drug-drug interaction was observed, and pharmacokinetic results suggest that no dose adjustments for either drug are necessary when empagliflozin and simvastatin are co-administered."( Pharmacokinetics of empagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, and simvastatin following co-administration in healthy volunteers.
Broedl, UC; Lang, B; Macha, S; Pinnetti, S, 2014)		0.4
"To develop a population physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for simvastatin (SV) and its active metabolite, simvastatin acid (SVA), that allows extrapolation and prediction of their concentration profiles in liver (efficacy) and muscle (toxicity)."( Development and Application of a Mechanistic Pharmacokinetic Model for Simvastatin and its Active Metabolite Simvastatin Acid Using an Integrated Population PBPK Approach.
Aarons, L; Dickinson, G; Galetin, A; Guo, Y; Hall, S; Rostami-Hodjegan, A; Tsamandouras, N, 2015)		0.84
" An open-label, randomized, 5-period crossover study in healthy Chinese was designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction and tolerability of multiple doses of certain TCMs on a single dose of simvastatin."( Effects of four traditional Chinese medicines on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin.
Hu, P; Jiang, J; Zhao, Q, 2015)		0.42
" ratio of simvastatin acid to simvastatin), whereas the SLCO1B1 rs4149056 and CYP2D6*5 variants were related to a higher Cmax ratio."( Impact of CYP2D6, CYP3A5, CYP2C19, CYP2A6, SLCO1B1, ABCB1, and ABCG2 gene polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin and simvastatin acid.
Bae, KS; Cho, SH; Choe, S; Choi, HY; Ghim, JL; Jin, SJ; Jung, JA; Kim, HS; Lim, HS, 2015)		1.02
" The method has been successfully applied in clinical pharmacokinetic study in the Indian population."( Development and Validation of an LC-MS-MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Simvastatin, Simvastatin Acid and Ezetimibe in Human Plasma and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study in the Indian Population.
Bonga, PB; Munaga, SB; Rao, VS; Sharma, HK; Valluru, RK, 2016)		0.65
" The method was successfully applied to characterize the pharmacokinetic profiles of SV and SVA following an oral administration of 40 mg SV tablet to healthy human volunteers."( Development and Validation of an LC-MS-MS Method for Determination of Simvastatin and Simvastatin Acid in Human Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study.
Monif, T; Partani, P; Verma, SM, 2016)		0.66
" Plasma concentrations of simvastatin and its active metabolite, simvastatin acid, were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for pharmacokinetic assessment."( Effect of Cilostazol on the Pharmacokinetics of Simvastatin in Healthy Subjects.
Ghim, JL; Huh, W; Jung, JA; Kim, JR; Kim, S; Ko, JW; Shin, JG, 2019)		0.75

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The application of SOHGA for automated model selection, combined with traditional model selection strategies, appears to save time for model development, which also can generate new hypotheses that are biologically more plausible."( Genetic algorithm guided population pharmacokinetic model development for simvastatin, concurrently or non-concurrently co-administered with amlodipine.
Chaturvedula, A; Lee, H; Sale, ME, 2014)		0.4
" In this clinical study, 26 healthy subjects received simvastatin 40 mg alone or in combination with LCZ696 or after 1 or 2 h of LCZ696 dosing."( In vitro and clinical evaluation of OATP-mediated drug interaction potential of sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696).
Alexander, N; Ayalasomayajula, S; Goswami, B; Han, Y; Hanna, I; Hinder, M; Langenickel, T; Malcolm, K; Natrillo, A; Sunkara, G; Zhou, W, 2016)		0.43
"A previous attempt to accurately quantify the increased simvastatin acid exposure due to drug-drug interaction (DDI) with coadministered telithromycin, using a mechanistic static model, substantially underpredicted the magnitude of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve ratio (AUCR) based on reversible inhibition of CYP3A4 and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1)."( Mechanistic In Vitro Studies Indicate that the Clinical Drug-Drug Interaction between Telithromycin and Simvastatin Acid Is Driven by Time-Dependent Inhibition of CYP3A4 with Minimal Effect on OATP1B1.
Butler, P; Elsby, R; Gill, RU; Hare, V; Neal, H; Outteridge, S; Pearson, C; Plant, K; Riley, RJ, 2019)		0.97

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Simvastatin (SV), a cholesterol-lowering agent, has been widely used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease, but SV shows the low oral bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility and extensive metabolism by cytochrome-3A system in intestinal guts and liver."( The characteristics and mechanism of simvastatin loaded lipid nanoparticles to increase oral bioavailability in rats.
Bu, H; Gao, F; Gao, Z; Huang, Y; Li, Y; Zhang, Z, 2010)		0.36
" The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of VD supplementation on the bioavailability and lipid lowering effect of simvastatin (ST)."( Effect of vitamin D on bioavailability and lipid lowering efficacy of simvastatin.
Al-Asmari, AK; Al-Eid, A; Al-Omani, SF; Al-Sabaan, F; Tariq, M; Ullah, Z, 2015)		0.42

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Analysis of lenses from dogs chronically dosed with various HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors revealed the presence of low drug levels in the lens (less than 500 ng equivalents g-1), but no correlation was observed between the amount of drug associated with the lens after chronic treatment and cataract development."( On the etiology of subcapsular lenticular opacities produced in dogs receiving HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
Alberts, AW; Bokelman, DL; Chen, J; Gerson, RJ; Greenspan, MD; MacDonald, JS; Rubin, LF; Yudkovitz, JB, 1990)		0.28
" As an alternative, the dosage of simvastatin should be reduced considerably, that is, by about 50% to 80%, at least when a simvastatin dosage higher than 20 mg/day is used."( Erythromycin and verapamil considerably increase serum simvastatin and simvastatin acid concentrations.
Kantola, T; Kivistö, KT; Neuvonen, PJ, 1998)		0.53
" After the dosing period of 8 days the animals were sacrificed and the blood was collected for the analysis of ST, its active metabolite simvastatin acid (STA), total cholesterol, triglyceride and liver enzymes including aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase."( Effect of vitamin D on bioavailability and lipid lowering efficacy of simvastatin.
Al-Asmari, AK; Al-Eid, A; Al-Omani, SF; Al-Sabaan, F; Tariq, M; Ullah, Z, 2015)		0.62
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
carbonyl compoundAny compound containing the carbonyl group, C=O. The term is commonly used in the restricted sense of aldehydes and ketones, although it actually includes carboxylic acids and derivatives.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (2)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.01110.00090.20949.0300AID1797730; AID1798163
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)3.60000.05002.37979.7000AID681366
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (9)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
xenobiotic metabolic processSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic processSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (5)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (4)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (7)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID681381TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of calcein-AM efflux in MDR1-expressing MDCK cells2005Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 33, Issue:4
Differential interaction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase inhibitors with ABCB1, ABCC2, and OATP1B1.
AID679345TP_TRANSPORTER: transepithelial transport in L-MDR1 cells2004Pharmaceutical research, Sep, Volume: 21, Issue:9
Interactions of human P-glycoprotein with simvastatin, simvastatin acid, and atorvastatin.
AID681366TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of estradiol-17beta-glucuronide uptake(estradiol-17beta-glucuronide:0.02uM) in OATP1B1-expressing HEK293 cells2005Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 33, Issue:4
Differential interaction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase inhibitors with ABCB1, ABCC2, and OATP1B1.
AID681370TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of calcein-AM efflux in MRP2-expressing MDCK cells2005Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 33, Issue:4
Differential interaction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase inhibitors with ABCB1, ABCC2, and OATP1B1.
AID678948TP_TRANSPORTER: transepithelial transport of vinblastine in the presence of Simvastatin acid at 50uM in L-MDR1 cells2004Pharmaceutical research, Sep, Volume: 21, Issue:9
Interactions of human P-glycoprotein with simvastatin, simvastatin acid, and atorvastatin.
AID1797730HMG-CoA Reductase In Vitro Assay from Article 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.031: \\Discovery of pyrrole-based hepatoselective ligands as potent inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase.\\2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 15, Issue:16
Discovery of pyrrole-based hepatoselective ligands as potent inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase.
AID1798163HMG-CoA Reductase Enzyme Assay and Inhibition of Cellular Cholesterol Synthesis Assay from Article 10.1021/jm800001n: \\(3R,5S,E)-7-(4-(4-Fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-(methyl(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-5-yl)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic Aci2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-08, Volume: 51, Issue:9
(3R,5S,E)-7-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-(methyl(1-methyl-1h-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-5-yl)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid (BMS-644950): a rationally designed orally efficacious 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-a reductase inhibitor with
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (76)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's11 (14.47)18.2507
2000's30 (39.47)29.6817
2010's34 (44.74)24.3611
2020's1 (1.32)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 21.71

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index21.71 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.61 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.67 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index23.28 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (21.71)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials23 (30.26%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other53 (69.74%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		1.9810monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetone
methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).		2.0310ketone body;
methyl ketone;
propanones;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.03102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		5.3522pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
amlodipine
Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.		8.8621dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		9.311aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		8.411dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
cilostazol
[no description available]		2.2110lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
gemfibrozil
[no description available]		1031aromatic etherantilipemic drug
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		3.4711imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		1.9810C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		1.9710antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		2.0510L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		7.4620aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		6.0761pyrrole;
secondary amine
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		2.8940mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		2.1510catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
adamantane
Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.		3.4211adamantanes;
polycyclic alkane
fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.		3.4711monofluorobenzenesNMR chemical shift reference compound
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		9.311cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
vinblastine
[no description available]		2.0210
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		2.4420titanium group element atom
hexamethyldisiloxane
dimethicone: a linear silicone; an ingredient of SIMETHICONE; lotion of dimeticone in a volatile silicone base has been used to treat LICE		2.0310organosiloxane
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		2.3820benzenes;
phenyl acetates
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		4.78120delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		12.367523delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		3.4703-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
atorvastatin
[no description available]		7.78103aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		8.8721biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		3.4811D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
l 154819
mevinolinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. mevinolinic acid : A polyketide obtained by hydrolysis of the pyranone ring of lovastatin.		2.0210carbobicyclic compound;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
fatty acid ester;
polyketide		Aspergillus metabolite;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
teratogenic agent
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		2.1510flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
25-hydroxycholesterol
[no description available]		1.971025-hydroxy steroid;
oxysterol		human metabolite
nicotinuric acid
nicotinuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. N-nicotinoylglycine : An N-acylglycine having nicotinoyl as the acyl substituent.		4.3711N-acylglycinehuman urinary metabolite
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		1.9810iditolfungal metabolite
1-hydroxymethylmidazolam
1-hydroxymethylmidazolam: metabolite of midazolam. 1-hydroxymidazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is midazolam in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is the major metabolite of the anesthetic, midazolam.		3.4711aromatic primary alcohol;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		drug metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
human urinary metabolite
ezetimibe
Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).		9.821azetidines;
beta-lactam;
organofluorine compound		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite
troleandomycin
Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		3.4711acetate ester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyketide;
semisynthetic derivative		EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor;
xenobiotic
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		4.75211,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
mevalonic acid
Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.		2.67303,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		1.9810octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
cerivastatin
cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		2.7330dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pyridines;
statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin
rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		2.4420dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidines;
statin (synthetic);
sulfonamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antilipemic drug;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
squalene
Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate		2.420triterpenehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		2.1110D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
rifamycin sv
rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.		2.0210acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol;
rifamycins		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
bacterial metabolite
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.		2.4720(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
nb 598
NB 598: decreases serum total & LDL-cholesterol levels; structure given in first source; inhibits squalene epoxidase		2.8940
vildagliptin
[no description available]		3.4211amino acid amide
oxadiazoles
Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.		3.4711
ru 66647
telithromycin: a ketolide; semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin with cycling of the C11-12 positions to form a carbamate ring to avoid acquired resistance to macrolides; binds 70S bacterial rRNA, specifically to the 23S part (23S RIBOSOMAL RNA), preventing protein synthesis;		2.2110
empagliflozin
[no description available]		3.4811aromatic ether;
C-glycosyl compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
tetrahydrofuryl ether		hypoglycemic agent;
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		2.0310glycoside
n-(2-methylbenzyl)linoleamide
N-(2-methylbenzyl)linoleamide: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer; structure		1.9810organic molecular entity
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		3.4711
(1-(3-isopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)piperidin-4-yl)methyl methanesulfonate
(1-(3-isopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)piperidin-4-yl)methyl methanesulfonate: a GPR119 agonist		3.4711
2-hydroxyatorvastatin
2-hydroxyatorvastatin: an atorvastatin metabolite		2.2110
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		8.3911cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
4-hydroxyatorvastatin
4-hydroxyatorvastatin: an atorvastatin metabolite		2.2110
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		02.0410
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		02.0410
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		02.7220
Amyloid Deposits
[description not available]		02.610
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		02.7220
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		05.1431
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		05.1431
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin
[description not available]		02.1710
Staphylococcal Skin Infections
Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		02.1710
Elevated Cholesterol
[description not available]		02.2110
Hypercholesterolemia
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.		02.2110
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		02.2110
Vitiligo
A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.		04.5111
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		03.4811
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		03.4811
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		02.110
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		02.110
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		02.110
Muscle Disorders
[description not available]		03.511
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.		03.511
Acid-Base Imbalance
Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body.		02.1310
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.4120
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.0610
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		02.0610
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.0610
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		02.0610
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		02.0610
Cataract, Membranous
[description not available]		02.3920
Cataract
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.3920
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		02.0110
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.6730
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		02.6730
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		02.6730
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		02.6730