koumine profile

koumine: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5318846
CHEBI ID	182821
SCHEMBL ID	16375039
MeSH ID	M0504257

Synonym
15-ethenyl-13-methyl-19-oxa-3,13-diazahexacyclo[14.3.1.02,10.04,9.010,15.012,17]icosa-2,4,6,8-tetraene
CHEBI:182821
koumine
1358-76-5
SCHEMBL16375039
(1r,10r,12s,15s,16r,17s)-15-ethenyl-13-methyl-19-oxa-3,13-diazahexacyclo[14.3.1.02,10.04,9.010,15.012,17]icosa-2,4,6,8-tetraene
(1r,10r,12s,15s,16r,17s)-15-ethenyl-13-methyl-19-oxa-3,13-diazahexacyclo[14.3.1.0^{2,10.0^{4,9.0^{10,15.0^{12,17]icosa-2,4,6,8-tetraene
cid 91895267

Research Excerpts

Overview

Koumine is an alkaloid with significant anti-anxiety, anticancer cell proliferation, and analgesic activities. Previous studies have shown that koumine can be used as an immunostimulant in aquaculture.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Koumine (KM) is an indole alkaloid extracted from Gelsemium elegans Benth."	( Koumine regulates macrophage M1/M2 polarization via TSPO, alleviating sepsis-associated liver injury in mice. Chen, JX; Huang, YX; Jin, GL; Lan, XB; Liu, HP; Xin, ZM; Xiong, BJ; Yu, CX; Yue, RC; Zeng, QQ, 2022)	2.89
"Koumine is an alkaloid with significant anti-anxiety, anticancer cell proliferation, and analgesic activities, and our previous studies have shown that koumine can be used as an immunostimulant in aquaculture, but the molecular mechanism of its effect remains unclear. "	( Koumine induces apoptosis in Cyprinus carpio liver cells by regulating JAK-STAT and p53 signaling pathways. Dong, Z; He, J; Tang, H; Wang, D; Wang, Q; Ye, X; Zou, J; Zuo, Z, 2023)	3.8
"Koumine (KM) is a major alkaloid monomer in the traditional Chinese medicine herb Gelsemium elegans Benth that has exhibited therapeutic potential in clinical applications. "	( Prenatal exposure to koumine results in cognitive deficits and increased anxiety-like behavior in mice offspring. Chen, CJ; Chen, CY; He, J; Yang, ZH; Zhang, GM, 2021)	2.38
"Koumine (KM) is an active ingredient extracted from Gelsemium elegans Benth."	( Koumine modulates spinal microglial M1 polarization and the inflammatory response through the Notch-RBP-Jκ signaling pathway, ameliorating diabetic neuropathic pain in rats. Hong, LM; Huang, HH; Jin, GL; Li, Y; Liu, HP; Shen, ZC; Su, YP; Xiong, BJ; Xu, Y; Yang, J; Yu, CX; Yue, RC, 2021)	2.79
"Koumine is a component of the Chinese medicinal herb Gelsemium elegans and is toxic to vertebrates. "	( Induction of oxidative stress, apoptosis and DNA damage by koumine in Tetrahymena thermophila. Feng, Y; Song, E; Wang, Z; Xiang, Q; Xie, S; Ye, Q; Zhang, C; Zhou, A; Zou, J, 2019)	2.2
"Koumine is an alkaloid separated from traditional Chinese herb Gelsemium elegans. "	( Apoptotic Effect of Koumine on Human Breast Cancer Cells and the Mechanism Involved. Chen, Y; Gao, B; Luo, D; Ma, X; Wen, Y; Zhang, X, 2015)	2.18
"Koumine is an alkaloid monomer found abundantly in Gelsemium plants. "	( Koumine enhances spinal cord 3α-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase expression and activity in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Jin, GL; Li, SP; Liu, M; Qiu, HQ; Xu, Y; Yang, J; Yu, CX, 2015)	3.3
"Koumine is a kind of alkaloid extracted from "	( A Potential Mechanism for the Anti-Apoptotic Property of Koumine Involving Mitochondrial Pathway in LPS-Mediated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Chen, XJ; Liang, ZE; Sun, ZL; Wu, J; Yi, JE; Yuan, ZH, 2016)	2.12

Treatment

Koumine treatment mitigated anxiety-like behavior following acute PS stress in the open field test and elevated plus maze test. Treatment of diabetic rats decreased neuropathic pain behavior as early as after the first administration.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Koumine treatment mitigated anxiety-like behavior following acute PS stress in the open field test and elevated plus maze test. "	( The anxiolytic effect of koumine on a predatory sound stress-induced anxiety model and its associated molecular mechanisms. Chen, C; Huang, H; Lin, J; Xiong, B; Xu, Y; Yang, J; Yu, C; Zhong, Z, 2022)	2.47
"Koumine treatment of diabetic rats decreased neuropathic pain behavior as early as after the first administration."	( Anti-allodynic and neuroprotective effects of koumine, a Benth alkaloid, in a rat model of diabetic neuropathy. Huang, HH; Ling, Q; Liu, M; Wu, MX; Xu, Y; Yang, J; Yu, CX, 2014)	1.38

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This developed method was successfully applied to an in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats after a single intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg koumine."	( Development of a sensitive and rapid UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of koumine in rat plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study. Chen, JZ; Li, Y; Song, HW; Wu, SS; Xiao, JP, 2013)	0.82

Dosage Studied

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" However, Gelsemium is a known toxic plant, and its toxicity limits its appropriate dosage and clinical use."	( Gelsemium analgesia and the spinal glycine receptor/allopregnanolone pathway. Wang, YX; Zhang, JY, 2015)	0.42

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Class	Description
indoles	Any compound containing an indole skeleton.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	5 (9.09)	29.6817
2010's	32 (58.18)	24.3611
2020's	18 (32.73)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	2 (3.64%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1 (1.82%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	52 (94.55%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	2.1	1	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	2.15	1	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	2.1	1	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	2.08	1	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
corticosterone [no description available]	2.41	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available]	2.11	1	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester	adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.03	1	pyrrole; secondary amine
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	8.59	2	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
pyrroline pyrroline: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for dihydro moiety. pyrroline : Any organic heteromonocyclic compound with a structure based on a dihydropyrrole.	7.03	1	pyrroline
yohimbane yohimbane: from Gelsemium elegans; structure in first source	7.11	1	indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; yohimban alkaloid
methotrexate [no description available]	2.13	1	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
gelsenicine gelsenicine: an analgesic isolated from Gelsemium elegans; structure in first source	4.15	4
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	2.15	1	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
ajmaline Ajmaline: An alkaloid found in the root of RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA, among other plant sources. It is a class 1-A antiarrhythmic agent that apparently acts by changing the shape and threshold of cardiac action potentials.. ajmaline : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that consists of ajmalan substituted at positions 17 and 21 by hydroxy groups.	7.41	1
sarpagine sarpagine: structure in first source. sarpagine : An indole alkaloid that is sarpagan bearing hydroxy groups at positions 10 and 17.	2.93	3	indole alkaloid; phenols; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound
gelsemine gelsemine: from Gelsemium sempervirens; structure given in first source	5.64	12	indole alkaloid
humantenine humantenine: isolated from root of Hu-Man-Teng (Gelsemium elegans Benth.); structure given in first source	7.11	1
humantenmine humantenmine: alkaloid from roots of Hu-Men-Teng (Gelsemium elegans Banth.); structure given in first source	4.22	4
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	7.6	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	3.55	6
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	3.55	6
Anxiety Neuroses [description not available]	2.41	1
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.94	3
Anxiety Disorders Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.	2.41	1
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	2.41	1
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	7.41	1
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	3.17	4
Allodynia [description not available]	3.59	7
Nerve Pain [description not available]	3.82	9
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	3.61	5
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	3.82	9
Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	3.52	4
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	3.52	4
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	3.52	4
Hepatitis, Autoimmune A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.	3.52	4
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	3.09	4
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	8.09	4
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	7.52	2
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	2.52	2
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.52	2
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	2.52	2
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	2.31	1
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	2.31	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2.31	1
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	2.31	1
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.15	1
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.22	5
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	2.15	1
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	2.15	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.52	2
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.1	1
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	2.1	1
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available]	2.1	1
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	2.1	1
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	2.1	1
Ache [description not available]	3.41	2
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	8.41	2
Breast Cancer [description not available]	7.11	1
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.11	1
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2.11	1
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.11	1
Anasarca [description not available]	2.13	1
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	2.13	1
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2.05	1
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	2.02	1
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	7.02	1
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.03	1
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.03	1
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	7.03	1
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.03	1

koumine

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (8)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Treatment

Pharmacokinetics

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Research

Studies (55)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 27.23

Study Types

koumine

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (8)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Treatment

Pharmacokinetics

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Research

Studies (55)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 27.23

Study Types

Related Drugs (19)

Related Conditions (51)