1 alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin d3 profile

## 1α,24-Dihydroxyvitamin D3: A Key Player in Vitamin D Metabolism

1α,24-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, also known as **calcitriol**, is the **active form** of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). This form of vitamin D is produced in the kidneys through a series of enzymatic reactions.

**Importance in Research:**

1α,24-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is vital for research because it plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including:

* **Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis:** Calcitriol regulates the absorption of calcium and phosphate from the gut, essential for bone health and mineral metabolism. It also helps maintain healthy blood calcium levels.
* **Immune System Modulation:** Calcitriol is involved in regulating immune responses, influencing the differentiation and function of immune cells. This makes it a potential target for research on autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions.
* **Cellular Growth and Differentiation:** Calcitriol plays a role in regulating cell growth and differentiation, influencing the development and function of various tissues, including bone, skin, and immune cells. This makes it relevant to research on cancer and other diseases related to cellular growth and differentiation.
* **Cardiovascular Health:** Calcitriol has been shown to influence blood pressure and vascular function. Research is ongoing to understand its potential role in preventing cardiovascular diseases.
* **Neurological Function:** Calcitriol has been linked to cognitive function, mood regulation, and the development of the nervous system. Further research explores its potential impact on neurological disorders and cognitive decline.

**Research Focus:**

1α,24-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is an active area of research due to its diverse physiological functions and potential therapeutic applications. Some key research focuses include:

* **Understanding the mechanisms of action:** Researchers are exploring how calcitriol interacts with its receptors and signaling pathways to exert its various effects.
* **Therapeutic potential:** Studies are investigating the use of calcitriol and its analogs to treat conditions like osteoporosis, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases.
* **Vitamin D deficiency:** Researchers are studying the role of vitamin D deficiency in various health issues and exploring ways to optimize vitamin D levels through supplementation and lifestyle modifications.

**In conclusion,** 1α,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a vital molecule with diverse biological roles. Its research significance lies in its potential to shed light on various physiological processes and provide insights for developing new therapeutic strategies for treating various diseases.

1 alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3: RN refers to (1alpha,3beta,5Z,7E)-isomer; formulated in ointment at a concentration of 4 microg/g, for treatment of mild psoriasis [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	90474059
MeSH ID	M0081550

Synonym
1 alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin d3

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The treatment with a twice daily application of 2 micrograms/g ointment is efficacious and safe in Japanese patients."	( Tacalcitol ointment in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris: a multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind study on efficacy and safety. Czarnetzki, BM; Haustein, UF; Luger, T; Niemann, R; Plänitz-Stenzel, V; Van de Kerkhof, PC; Werfel, T, 1996)	0.29
" Treatment was generally well tolerated and there were no serious or unexpected adverse events reported."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of tacalcitol ointment in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. Berth-Jones, J; Griffiths, CE; Harrison, PV; Hönigsmann, H; Marks, R; Roelandts, R; Schöpf, E; Trompke, C; van de Kerkhof, PC, 2002)	0.31
"Tacalcitol ointment once daily was demonstrated to be efficacious, safe and well tolerated in the long-term control of plaque psoriasis in patients with up to 20% body surface involvement."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of tacalcitol ointment in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. Berth-Jones, J; Griffiths, CE; Harrison, PV; Hönigsmann, H; Marks, R; Roelandts, R; Schöpf, E; Trompke, C; van de Kerkhof, PC, 2002)	0.31
" Twenty-five local adverse drug reactions were noticed in 16 of the 154 subjects included in the safety analysis."	( Long-term safety and efficacy of high-concentration (20 microg/g) tacalcitol ointment in psoriasis vulgaris. Harada, S; Hori, Y; Miyachi, Y; Nakagawa, H; Nishiyama, S; Ohkawara, A; Ohkido, M; Tamaki, K, )	0.13
" Our purpose is to compare the rates of adverse events associated with different topical psoriasis treatments."	( A systematic review of adverse effects associated with topical treatments for psoriasis. Bruner, CR; Feldman, SR; Fleischer, AB; Ventrapragada, M, 2003)	0.32
"The results of this study indicate that topical application of tacalcitol (4 micro g/g) emulsion once daily is an effective, safe and very well- tolerated treatment for scalp psoriasis."	( [Treatment of scalp psoriasis. An effective and safe tacalcitol emulsion]. Ruzicka, T; Trompke, C, 2004)	0.32
"Many efforts have been made to obtain active and less toxic Vitamin D analogs for new clinical applications."	( Toxicity and antineoplastic effect of (24R)-1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (PRI-2191). Dzimira, S; Kuśnierczyk, H; Kutner, A; Madej, J; Opolski, A; Pełczyńska, M; Szelejewski, W; Wietrzyk, J, 2004)	0.32
"Active and less toxic vitamin D analogs could be useful for clinical applications."	( Toxicity and antitumor activity of the vitamin D analogs PRI-1906 and PRI-1907 in combined treatment with cyclophosphamide in a mouse mammary cancer model. Filip, B; Kutner, A; Milczarek, M; Nevozhay, D; Wietrzyk, J, 2008)	0.35
"The LD50 values after five daily subcutaneous (s."	( Toxicity and antitumor activity of the vitamin D analogs PRI-1906 and PRI-1907 in combined treatment with cyclophosphamide in a mouse mammary cancer model. Filip, B; Kutner, A; Milczarek, M; Nevozhay, D; Wietrzyk, J, 2008)	0.35

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Applying antiproliferative SRB and MTT assays, we measured the growth inhibitory effects of vitamin D compounds applied alone or in combination with either cisplatin or doxorubicin."	( Correlation between VDR expression and antiproliferative activity of vitamin D3 compounds in combination with cytostatics. Jaroszewicz, I; Kutner, A; Nevozhay, D; Opolski, A; Pelczynska, M; Switalska, M; Wietrzyk, J; Zabel, M, )	0.13
" Applying antiproliferative SRB and MTT assays, the growth inhibitory effects of the vitamin D compounds, applied alone or in combination with either cisplatin or doxorubicin, were measured."	( Antiproliferative activity of vitamin D compounds in combination with cytostatics. Jaroszewicz, I; Kutner, A; Maciejewska, M; Opolski, A; Pelczynska, M; Switalska, M, )	0.13
" The aim of this study was to investigate the possible influence of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (calcitriol) and 1alpha,24(R)-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (tacalcitol) in monotherapy and in combination with budesonid R (BR) on NP fibroblast proliferation."	( Influence of vitamin D(3) analogues in combination with budesonid R on proliferation of nasal polyp fibroblasts. Fraczek, M; Gawron, W; Latocha, M; Rostkowska-Nadolska, B, 2009)	0.35
" The objective of this open label, intraindividual, left right study was to compare two different vitamin D analogues, calcipotriol and tacalcitol, in combination with NBUVB phototherapy in chronic stable plaque psoriasis."	( Comparative evaluation of efficacy and safety of calcipotriol versus tacalcitol ointment, both in combination with NBUVB phototherapy in the treatment of stable plaque psoriasis. Aggarwal, K; Dua, I; Jain, VK, 2017)	0.46
" Vitamin D compounds have been shown to exert synergistic effects when used in combination with different agents used in anticancer therapies in different cancer models."	( Vitamin D derivatives potentiate the anticancer and anti-angiogenic activity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in combination with cytostatic drugs in an A549 non-small cell lung cancer model. Filip-Psurska, B; Kutner, A; Maj, E; Milczarek, M; Psurski, M; Wietrzyk, J, 2018)	0.48

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The rats were dosed orally with each sterol for 7 days at a rate of 1 ng/g body weight/day."	( Comparison of the relative effects of 1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D(2) [1, 24-(OH)(2)D(2)], 1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,24-(OH)(2)D(3)], and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)] on selected vitamin D-regulated events in the rat. Bishop, C; Horst, R; Knutson, J; Koszewski, N; Prapong, S; Reinhardt, T, 2000)	0.31
" The mean number of sessions and the cumulative dosage for initial repigmentation were calculated."	( Topical tacalcitol and 308-nm monochromatic excimer light: a synergistic combination for the treatment of vitiligo. Lei-hong, X; Lu-yan, T; Wen-wen, F; Yi, J; Zhi-zhong, Z, 2006)	0.33

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	23 (12.64)	18.7374
1990's	43 (23.63)	18.2507
2000's	62 (34.07)	29.6817
2010's	49 (26.92)	24.3611
2020's	5 (2.75)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	39 (18.84%)	5.53%
Reviews	15 (7.25%)	6.00%
Case Studies	37 (17.87%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	116 (56.04%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Phase 3 Study Comparing a Gel Containing Calcipotriol 50 mcg/g Plus Betamethasone 0.5 mg/g (as Dipropionate) With Tacalcitol Ointment (4 mcg/g) and Gel Vehicle, Used Once Daily in the Treatment of Psoriasis Vulgaris [NCT00670241]	Phase 3	458 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-04-30	Completed
A Phase 3 Study Comparing an Ointment Containing Calcipotriol 25 mcg/g Plus Hydrocortisone 10 mg g With Tacalcitol 4 mcg/g Ointment and the Ointment Vehicle Alone, All Applied Once Daily in the Treatment of Psoriasis Vulgaris on the Face and on the Intert [NCT00640822]	Phase 3	782 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-02-29	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00640822 (1) [back to overview]	Subjects With Controlled Disease According to the Investigator Assessment of the Face at Week 8
NCT00670241 (5) [back to overview]	"Subjects With Controlled Disease (Clear or Almost Clear Disease) According to Investigator's Global Assessment of Disease Severity at Week 8"
NCT00670241 (5) [back to overview]	"Subjects With Controlled Disease According to the Investigator's Global Assessment of Disease Severity at Week 4"
NCT00670241 (5) [back to overview]	Subjects With Rebound During the Study
NCT00670241 (5) [back to overview]	Subjects With Relapse During the Study
NCT00670241 (5) [back to overview]	The Percentage Change in PASI From Baseline to Week 8

Subjects With Controlled Disease According to the Investigator Assessment of the Face at Week 8

(NCT00640822)
Timeframe: Week 8

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Calcipotriol Plus Hydrocortisone Ointment	183
Tacalcitol Ointment	147
Calcipotriol Plus Hydrocortisone Ointment Vehicle	37

[back to top]

"Subjects With Controlled Disease (Clear or Almost Clear Disease) According to Investigator's Global Assessment of Disease Severity at Week 8"

(NCT00670241)
Timeframe: Week 8

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Calcipotriol Plus Betamethasone Dipropionate Gel	73
Tacalcitol Ointment	33
Gel Vehicle	5

[back to top]

"Subjects With Controlled Disease According to the Investigator's Global Assessment of Disease Severity at Week 4"

(NCT00670241)
Timeframe: Week 4

Intervention	participants (Number)
Calcipotriol Plus Betamethasone Dipropionate Gel	34
Tacalcitol Ointment	12
Gel Vehicle	1

[back to top]

Subjects With Rebound During the Study

(NCT00670241)
Timeframe: Week 8-16

Intervention	participants (Number)
Calcipotriol Plus Betamethasone Dipropionate Gel	0
Tacalcitol Ointment	0
Gel Vehicle	0

[back to top]

Subjects With Relapse During the Study

Among subjects with controlled disease at week 8 relapse was defined as PASI exceeding the baseline PASI value minus 50% of the reduction in PASI obtained from the baseline visit to the last on-treatment visit (NCT00670241)
Timeframe: Week 8-16

Intervention	participants (Number)
Calcipotriol Plus Betamethasone Dipropionate Gel	28
Tacalcitol Ointment	7
Gel Vehicle	3

[back to top]

The Percentage Change in PASI From Baseline to Week 8

PASI is Psoriasis Area and Severity Index and is based on the investigator's assessment of extent and severity of the disease. It can range from 0 (best) to 64.8 (worst). (NCT00670241)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4 and 8

Intervention	Percent change in PASI score (Number)
Calcipotriol Plus Betamethasone Dipropionate Gel	-57.0
Tacalcitol Ointment	-41.9
Gel Vehicle	-17.9

[back to top]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	4.02	2	1	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	1.99	1	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
anastrozole [no description available]	2.31	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anthralin Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.	4.03	1	0	anthracenes	antipsoriatic
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.98	4	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	2.25	1	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
tazarotene tazarotene: a topical acetylenic retinoid; a topical kerytolytic. tazarotene : The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin.	5.82	2	1	acetylenic compound; ethyl ester; pyridines; retinoid; thiochromane	keratolytic drug; prodrug; teratogenic agent
thymidine [no description available]	2.68	3	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.38	2	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	2.02	1	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
mannitol [no description available]	1.97	1	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.17	1	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
thymidine monophosphate Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).	1.98	1	0	thymidine 5'-monophosphate	fundamental metabolite
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	6.88	7	4	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
reticulin Reticulin: A scleroprotein fibril consisting mostly of type III collagen. Reticulin fibrils are extremely thin, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 um. They are involved in maintaining the structural integrity in a variety of organs.	2.01	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline; isoquinolinol	plant metabolite
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.42	2	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	1.98	1	0	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.08	1	0	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.	2.02	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.	2.13	1	0	ammonium salt; inorganic chloride	ferroptosis inhibitor
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.41	2	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.	2.07	1	0	anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	2.06	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
irinotecan [no description available]	2.08	1	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	2.77	3	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate: may also contain chlorocresol (UD 25:22R)	5.26	4	3
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.77	3	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	3.19	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	2.31	1	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	3.25	1	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.06	1	0	actinomycin	mutagen
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	5.39	5	3	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.	2.01	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	1.97	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	12.74	66	10	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	1.97	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.	3.11	5	0	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	6.8	11	1	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.	1.97	1	0	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	4.14	3	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluoro-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: long lasting analog of calcitriol; RN given refers to (1alpha,3beta,5Z,7E)-isomer	1.98	1	0
etretinate retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.	2.07	1	0	enoate ester; ethyl ester; retinoid	keratolytic drug
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	2.38	2	0	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
acitretin Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.	2.01	1	0	acitretin; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; retinoid	keratolytic drug
clobetasol Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.	2.98	4	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; SMO receptor agonist
su 11248 [no description available]	2.17	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	3.19	1	0	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	2.88	4	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
maxacalcitol maxacalcitol: structure given in first source	5.09	5	2	organic molecular entity
24,25-dihydroxyvitamin d 3 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3: A physiologically active metabolite of VITAMIN D. The compound is involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism, alkaline phosphatase activity, and enhancing the calcemic effect of CALCITRIOL.	3.11	1	0
involucrin involucrin: soluble precursor protein of cross-linked envelope characteristic of epidermal s. corneum synthesized by keratinocytes in natural & cultured human epithelia; see also related records for prekeratin & stratum corneum basic protein precursor	2.01	1	0
1,25(oh)2-16-ene-23-yne-d3 Ro 23-7553: very potent in inhibiting proliferation & inducing differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells in vitro	1.99	1	0
st 232 26,26,26,27,27,27-hexafluoro-1,23,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3: RN given refers to (1alpha,3beta,5Z,7E,23S)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92	1.98	1	0
1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol 1,25-dihydroxyergocalciferol: RN given refers to (3beta,5Z,7E,22E)-isomer. 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 : A hydroxycalciol that is vitamin D2 bearing additional hydroxy substituents at positions 1alpha and 25.	2.93	4	0	hydroxycalciol; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; human xenobiotic metabolite; nutraceutical
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.02	1	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	1.98	1	0
glycolipids [no description available]	2	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.94	4	0
calcipotriene calcipotriene: a topical dermatologic for the treatment of moderate plaque psoriasis; structure in first source. calcipotriol hydrate : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of calcipotriol. It is used in combination with betamethasone dipropionate, a corticosteroid, for the topical treatment of plaque psoriasis in adult patients.	10.1	31	7	hydrate	antipsoriatic
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	1.99	1	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.17	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	4.1	3	1
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	1.96	1	0
1,24-dihydroxyvitamin d2 1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D2: LR-103 has antineoplastic activity; RN & structure in first source	2	1	0
1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin d3 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3: RN given refers to (3beta,5Z,7E)-isomer	1.96	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Actinic Keratosis [description not available]	3.64	1	1
Keratosis, Actinic White or pink lesions on the arms, hands, face, or scalp that arise from sun-induced DNA DAMAGE to KERATINOCYTES in exposed areas. They are considered precursor lesions to superficial SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA.	3.64	1	1
Acanthosis Nigricans A circumscribed melanosis consisting of a brown-pigmented, velvety verrucosity or fine papillomatosis appearing in the axillae and other body folds. It occurs in association with endocrine disorders, underlying malignancy, administration of certain drugs, or as in inherited disorder.	2.25	1	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.97	4	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.97	4	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.66	2	0
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	13.53	65	25
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	13.53	65	25
Metastase [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	2.17	1	0
Acantholytic Dyskeratotic Epidermal Nevi [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	2.17	1	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	2.17	1	0
Keratosis Seborrheica [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Breast Diseases Pathological processes of the BREAST.	2.17	1	0
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum [description not available]	4.33	4	1
Keratosis Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.	4.33	4	1
Keratosis, Seborrheic Benign eccrine poromas that present as multiple oval, brown-to-black plaques, located mostly on the chest and back. The age of onset is usually in the fourth or fifth decade.	2.17	1	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	2.17	1	0
Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Benign Chronic Pemphigus [description not available]	3.67	3	0
Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)	2.42	2	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	2.21	1	0
Alopecia Circumscripta [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Alopecia Mucinosa [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Alopecia Areata Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas.	2.21	1	0
Cafe-au-Lait Spots with Pulmonic Stenosis [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Neurofibromatosis 1 An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).	2.08	1	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.98	4	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.98	4	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	3.01	1	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	3.01	1	0
Sinus Infections [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Nasal Polyps Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations.	3.16	5	0
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	2.77	3	0
Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Agitation, Psychomotor [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Psychomotor Agitation A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.	2.13	1	0
Vitiligo A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.	7.6	7	5
Facial Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the FACE.	5.08	3	1
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Bullous Dermatoses [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Nail Diseases Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.	3.83	2	1
Nasal Catarrh [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.	2.46	2	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.25	6	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	2.05	1	0
Disseminated Superficial Actinic Porokeratosis [description not available]	2.73	3	0
Porokeratosis A heritable disorder of faulty keratinization characterized by the proliferation of abnormal clones of KERATINOCYTES and lesions showing varying atrophic patches surrounded by an elevated, keratotic border. These keratotic lesions can progress to overt cutaneous neoplasm. Several clinical variants are recognized, including porokeratosis of Mibelli, linear porokeratosis, disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, palmoplantar porokeratosis, and punctate porokeratosis.	2.73	3	0
Keloid A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.	2.06	1	0
Dermatosclerosis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Scleroderma, Localized A term used to describe a variety of localized asymmetrical SKIN thickening that is similar to those of SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA but without the disease features in the multiple internal organs and BLOOD VESSELS. Lesions may be characterized as patches or plaques (morphea), bands (linear), or nodules.	2.05	1	0
Itching [description not available]	5.66	2	1
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	5.66	2	1
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	2.07	1	0
Milk-Alkali Syndrome [description not available]	3.25	6	0
Bullous Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Hypercalcemia Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.	3.25	6	0
Chloasma [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Melanosis Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.	2.07	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	5.23	4	3
Licheniform Eruptions [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Skin Diseases, Vascular Skin diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous blood vessels and generally manifested as inflammation, swelling, erythema, or necrosis in the affected area.	2.01	1	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	5.23	4	3
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	2.01	1	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis An autosomal recessive trait with impaired cell-mediated immunity. About 15 human papillomaviruses are implicated in associated infection, four of which lead to skin neoplasms. The disease begins in childhood with red papules and later spreads over the body as gray or yellow scales.	2.01	1	0
Mole, Skin [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.92	4	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.92	4	0
Ache [description not available]	3.84	1	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	6.48	3	2
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	3.84	1	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	2.7	3	0
Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	2.01	1	0
Scalp Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the SCALP.	3.4	1	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	5.77	4	2
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	5.77	4	2
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.02	1	0
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	2.02	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.69	3	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.02	1	0
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	2.41	2	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	2.02	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	2.02	1	0
Pityriasis Rosea A mild exanthematous inflammation of unknown etiology. It is characterized by the presence of salmon-colored maculopapular lesions. The most striking feature is the arrangement of the lesions such that the long axis is parallel to the lines of cleavage. The eruptions are usually generalized, affecting chiefly the trunk, and the course is often self-limiting.	2.02	1	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	2.94	1	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	2.94	1	0
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Hyperkeratosis Palmaris et Plantaris [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.03	1	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	2.03	1	0
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	2.65	3	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	1.96	1	0
Rachitis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	2.39	2	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.38	2	0
Dermatitis, Irritant A non-allergic contact dermatitis caused by prolonged exposure to irritants and not explained by delayed hypersensitivity mechanisms.	1.99	1	0
Diabetic Feet [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Fasciitis, Necrotizing A fulminating bacterial infection of the deep layers of the skin and FASCIA. It can be caused by many different organisms, with STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES being the most common.	1.99	1	0
Verruca [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Warts Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin.	1.99	1	0
Diabetic Foot Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.	1.99	1	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Parakeratosis Persistence of the nuclei of the keratinocytes into the stratum corneum of the skin. This is a normal state only in the epithelium of true mucous membranes in the mouth and vagina. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.99	1	0
Xeroderma [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Ichthyosis Simplex [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Ichthyosis, Sex-Linked [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Ichthyosis Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.	3.39	1	1
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	2.39	2	0
Leg Dermatoses A nonspecific term used to denote any cutaneous lesion or group of lesions, or eruptions of any type on the leg. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2	1	0
Acantholysis Bullosa [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Epidermolysis Bullosa Group of genetically determined disorders characterized by the blistering of skin and mucosae. There are four major forms: acquired, simple, junctional, and dystrophic. Each of the latter three has several varieties.	2.01	1	0
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.41	2	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Labor, Premature [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	1.98	1	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	2.38	2	0
Deficiency, Magnesium [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)	1.98	1	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	1.97	1	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Ectopic Hormone Syndromes [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	1.96	1	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	1.96	1	0

1 alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin d3

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (1)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Dosage Studied

Research

Studies (182)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 9.17

Study Types

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Subjects With Controlled Disease According to the Investigator Assessment of the Face at Week 8

"Subjects With Controlled Disease (Clear or Almost Clear Disease) According to Investigator's Global Assessment of Disease Severity at Week 8"

"Subjects With Controlled Disease According to the Investigator's Global Assessment of Disease Severity at Week 4"

Subjects With Rebound During the Study

Subjects With Relapse During the Study

The Percentage Change in PASI From Baseline to Week 8

1 alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin d3

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (1)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Dosage Studied

Research

Studies (182)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 9.17

Study Types

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Subjects With Controlled Disease According to the Investigator Assessment of the Face at Week 8

"Subjects With Controlled Disease (Clear or Almost Clear Disease) According to Investigator's Global Assessment of Disease Severity at Week 8"

"Subjects With Controlled Disease According to the Investigator's Global Assessment of Disease Severity at Week 4"

Subjects With Rebound During the Study

Subjects With Relapse During the Study

The Percentage Change in PASI From Baseline to Week 8

Related Drugs (65)

Related Conditions (155)