niobium profile

Niobium is a silvery-gray, hard, and ductile transition metal that is found in the Earth's crust. It is a member of the group 5 transition metals, along with vanadium, tantalum, and protactinium. Niobium is highly resistant to corrosion and has a high melting point. It is used in a variety of applications, including superconductors, alloys, and high-performance magnets. Niobium is also used in nuclear reactors to absorb neutrons and control nuclear fission. Niobium is not found in nature as a free element. It is typically found in combination with other elements, such as tantalum, in minerals such as columbite-tantalite. Niobium is extracted from these minerals through a complex process that involves several steps, including crushing, grinding, and flotation. Niobium is then purified and processed into various forms, including metal, oxide, and alloys. Niobium is a key component in many high-tech applications. It is used in superconducting magnets, which are used in medical imaging machines, particle accelerators, and other scientific instruments. Niobium is also used in alloys to improve their strength, ductility, and resistance to corrosion. For example, niobium is added to stainless steel to improve its weldability and resistance to corrosion. Niobium is also used in high-temperature alloys for jet engines and gas turbines. The study of niobium is important for understanding the properties of this metal and for developing new applications for it. Niobium is a promising material for a variety of applications, including superconductors, alloys, and high-performance magnets. Researchers are constantly exploring new ways to use niobium and its alloys to improve our lives.'

Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	23936
CHEBI ID	33344
MeSH ID	M0014863

Synonyms (474)

Synonym
nb
columbium
niobio
columbio
niobium atom
41nb
CHEBI:33344
niob
niobium
7440-03-1
vn 1
niobium element
einecs 231-113-5
niobium-93
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 99.8% trace metals basis
niobium, powder, <45 mum, 99.8% trace metals basis
niobium, rod, diam. 12.7 mm, >=99.9% trace metals basis
niobium, rod, diam. 6.35 mm, 99.8% trace metals basis
niobium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 99.8% trace metals basis
niobium, foil, thickness 0.127 mm, 99.8% trace metals basis
niobium, wire, wire diam. 1.0 mm, 99.8% trace metals basis
13981-86-7
GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
unii-05175j654g
05175j654g ,
ec 231-113-5
106nb
53373-50-5
niobium-106
nb 106
niobium, isotope of mass 106
niobium [mi]
niobium, elemental
DTXSID4052479 ,
niobium pieces
niobium wire, 0.5mm (0.02in) dia
niobium gauze, 40 mesh woven from 0.178mm (0.007in) dia wire
niobium powder, aps 1-5 micron
niobium foil, 0.5mm (0.02in) thick, annealed
niobium foil, 0.05mm (0.002in) thick
niobium foil, 0.3mm (0.01in) thick
niobium powder, -325 mesh, puratronic?
niobium foil, 0.25mm (0.01in) thick
niobium powder, -60 mesh
niobium wire, 0.25mm (0.01in) dia
niobium foil, 0.127mm (0.005in) thick, annealed
niobium rod, 6.35mm (0.25in) dia, annealed
niobium slug, 6.35mm (0.25in) dia x 12.7mm (0.50in) length, 99.99% (metals basis excluding ta), ta 300 ppm
niobium foil, 0.127mm (0.005in) thick
niobium sputtering target, 76.2mm (3.0in) dia x 6.35mm (0.250in) thick
niobium sputtering target, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 6.35mm (0.250in) thick
niobium wire, 1.0mm (0.04in) dia
niobium sputtering target, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 3.18mm (0.125in) thick
niobium foil, 1.0mm (0.04in) thick
mfcd00011126
niobium powder
niobium rod
niobium foil
niobium wire
niobium turnings
niobium slug, 6.35mm (0.25in) dia x 12.7mm (0.50in) length
niobium slug, 6.35mm (0.25in) dia x 6.35mm (0.25in) length
niobium rod, 19mm (0.75in) dia, hard
niobium slug, 3.175mm (0.125in) dia x 3.175mm (0.125in) length
niobium foil, 2.0mm (0.08in) thick
niobium slug, 3.175mm (0.125in) dia x 6.35mm (0.25in) length
niobium rod, 12.7mm (0.5in) dia, hard
niobium, foil, thickness 0.005 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 6 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, 25 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 20m, diameter 1.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.007 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 2.54mm, inside diameter 2.44mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 1000mm, diameter 2.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, length 1 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, diameter 4 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 16.0mm, inside diameter 13mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, as drawn, 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 25m, diameter 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.006 mm, 15 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, powder, max. particle size 74 micron, weight 50 g, purity 99.85%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, diameter 6 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 2.54mm, inside diameter 2.44mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.85%
niobium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 1.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, rod, 500mm, diameter 5.6mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.003 mm, 4 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 50 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, 25 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 50m, diameter 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 1.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 2.54mm, inside diameter 2.44mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.003 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.004 mm, diameter 6 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, diameter 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire, 0.05 mm diameter, length 20 m, purity 99.85%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0025 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.006 mm, 6 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.006 mm, diameter 8 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.002 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.008 mm, diameter 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 100mm, diameter 20.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 6 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, 15 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 5.0mm, inside diameter 4.4mm, wall thickness 0.3mm, as drawn, 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 1.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.007 mm, diameter 4 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, length 0.2 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.01 mm, size 214 x 300 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, diameter 10 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.15 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire, 1.25 mm diameter, length 1 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, length 0.5 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 16.0mm, inside diameter 13mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, as drawn, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, diameter 10 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, diameter 15 mm, thickness 0.007 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.009 mm, 25 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.15 mm, 8 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, diameter 4 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.01 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 2.0 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.02 mm, diameter 6 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.003 mm, 25 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 10.0mm, inside diameter 9.2mm, wall thickness 0.4mm, as drawn, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, length 0.5 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0125 mm, 6 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, 25 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.02 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 100mm, diameter 10.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 10 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 50mm, diameter 50.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, wire, 1.25 mm diameter, length 5 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.5mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.008 mm, diameter 4 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 2.54mm, inside diameter 2.44mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, rod, 100mm, diameter 2.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.009 mm, 8 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 25 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, diameter 10 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 50mm, diameter 12.7mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.125 mm, 6 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.125 mm, 4 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.02 mm, 25 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.004 mm, 4 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.01 mm, 50 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, diameter 8 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, 6 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.007 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 16.0mm, inside diameter 13mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, as drawn, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.125 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.006 mm, 25 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, diameter 8 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.008 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 25m, diameter 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.85%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0075 mm, 4 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, powder, 74 max. part. size (micron), weight 100 g, purity 99.85%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.15 mm, 25 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.01 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, 4 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, nut, size m3, length 25 pcs, style hexagonal
niobium, bolt, size m3 x 30 mm, length 50 pcs, head style hexagonal
niobium, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, purity 99.9%, size 150 x 150 mm
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, diameter 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 100mm, diameter 5.6mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, rod, 1000mm, diameter 10.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, powder, max. particle size 74 micron, weight 200 g, purity 99.85%
niobium, foil, thickness 2.0 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, bolt, length 50 pcs, size m6 x 30 mm, head style hexagonal
niobium, sphere, 2pcs, diameter 4.0mm, precision sphere grade, 99.9%
niobium, rod, 50mm, diameter 20.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.003 mm, 8 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire, 1.25 mm diameter, length 0.5 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, bolt, size m6 x 30 mm, length 25 pcs, head style hexagonal
niobium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.85%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.02 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.009 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.125 mm, length 0.2 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0075 mm, 15 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, diameter 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 100mm, diameter 30.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, length 0.5 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.008 mm, 15 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.006 mm, diameter 4 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 200mm, diameter 5.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, irmm(r) certified reference material, 0.5 mm wire
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0125 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.125 mm, diameter 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.02 mm, 15 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 8 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 25m, diameter 0.18mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.009 mm, 6 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0075 mm, diameter 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 25m, diameter 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, length 1 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 10m, diameter 1.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, rod, 500mm, diameter 2.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.003 mm, 6 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 10.0mm, inside diameter 9.2mm, wall thickness 0.4mm, as drawn, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, 15 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 4 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0125 mm, length 1 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.15 mm, diameter 4 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, length 0.2 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0075 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.007 mm, 25 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, diameter 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 1.5 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 1.5 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.15 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.01 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 100mm, diameter 12.7mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, bolt, size m3 x 30 mm, length 25 pcs, head style hexagonal
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, size 300 x 300 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, diameter 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 10.0mm, inside diameter 9.2mm, wall thickness 0.4mm, as drawn, 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 50m, diameter 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, rod, 100mm, diameter 5.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 200m, diameter 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 50 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 100mm, diameter 42mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.125 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0125 mm, diameter 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, nut, size m4, length 50 pcs, style hexagonal
niobium, foil, thickness 0.01 mm, diameter 6 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, nut, size m6, length 25 pcs, style hexagonal
niobium, foil, thickness 0.01 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, size 300 x 300 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.007 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.18mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, diameter 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, 6 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, washer, size m4, length 25 pcs, outside diameter 8.64 - 9.00mm
niobium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, diameter 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, diameter 15 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.01 mm, diameter 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, nut, size m3, length 50 pcs, style hexagonal
niobium, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 200mm, diameter 10.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 15 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.15 mm, purity 99.9%, length 0.5 m
niobium, foil, thickness 0.003 mm, 15 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, bolt, length 25 pcs, size m5 x 30 mm, head style hexagonal
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0075 mm, diameter 8 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.125 mm, 10 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.006 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.009 mm, diameter 10 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 1000mm, diameter 5.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, diameter 6 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.004 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire, 1.25 mm diameter, length 10 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, 8 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.008 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.125 mm, size 300 x 300 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0075 mm, 10 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.02 mm, diameter 10 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 15 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.15 mm, 50 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, 10 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 200mm, diameter 5.6mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.005 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 4 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 2.0 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.5mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.9%
niobium, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 10.0mm, inside diameter 9.2mm, wall thickness 0.4mm, as drawn, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.001 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.002 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, size 25 x 25 mm, thickness 0.008 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.025mum, specific density 21mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.004 mm, 15 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.004 mm, purity 99.9%, size 25 x 25 mm
niobium, lump, 5 mm max. lump size, weight 100 g, purity 99.9%
niobium, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.5mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.15 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.008 mm, 10 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.025mum, specific density 21mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.02 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.007 mm, 8 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, lump, 5 mm max. lump size, weight 200 g, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.001 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, pellets, 200g, max. size 10mm, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.003 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 500mm, diameter 12.7mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.125 mm, 8 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.125 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.003 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, washer, size m3, outside diameter 6.64 - 7.00mm, length 50 pcs
niobium, rod, 50mm, diameter 30.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, diameter 15 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, washer, size m5, length 25 pcs, outside diameter 9.64 - 10.00mm
niobium, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 5.0mm, inside diameter 4.4mm, wall thickness 0.3mm, as drawn, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0075 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.15 mm, 15 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.85%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, length 0.2 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, nut, size m6, length 50 pcs, style hexagonal
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0075 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 500mm, diameter 10.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, washer, size m6, length 25 pcs, outside diameter 11.57 - 12.00mm
niobium, foil, thickness 0.02 mm, 8 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, lump, 5 mm max. lump size, weight 50 g, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 1.5 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 5.0mm, inside diameter 4.4mm, wall thickness 0.3mm, as drawn, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0125 mm, size 200 x 300 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.006 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.009 mm, diameter 15 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 200mm, diameter 12.7mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, rod, 50mm, diameter 42mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 25mm, diameter 20.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0025 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.02 mm, purity 99.9%, size 150 x 150 mm
niobium, nut, size m5, length 25 pcs, style hexagonal
niobium, foil, thickness 0.004 mm, 10 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.125 mm, 50 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0125 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.15 mm, diameter 6 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.004 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, 8 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.004 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0075 mm, size 200 x 300 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.007 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, diameter 4 mm, thickness 0.01 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.008 mm, diameter 6 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, irmm(r) certified reference material, 0.1 mm foil
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0125 mm, 15 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.004 mm, 25 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 1.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 1.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0125 mm, diameter 10 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, diameter 4 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.009 mm, diameter 4 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, nut, size m5, length 50 pcs, style hexagonal
niobium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, diameter 15 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 1.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, irmm(r) certified reference material, 0.02 mm foil
niobium, pellets, 100g, max. size 10mm, 99.9%
niobium, nut, size m4, length 25 pcs, style hexagonal
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0125 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, diameter 15 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.02 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.009 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.15 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, diameter 50 mm, thickness 0.0125 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.18mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, 10 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 200mm, diameter 20.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0075 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0125 mm, length 0.2 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.006 mm, 10 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 25 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, diameter 10 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, washer, size m3, length 25 pcs, outside diameter 6.64 - 7.00mm
niobium, powder, max. particle size 74 micron, weight 500 g, purity 99.85%
niobium, wire reel, 25m, diameter 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, pellets, 50g, max. size 10mm, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0125 mm, 4 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.009 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 500mm, diameter 5.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, washer, size m5, length 50 pcs, outside diameter 9.64 - 10.00mm
niobium, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.5mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.125 mm, diameter 15 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 1.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, rod, 1000mm, diameter 5.6mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 5.0mm, inside diameter 4.4mm, wall thickness 0.3mm, as drawn, 99.9%
niobium, bolt, size m5 x 30 mm, length 50 pcs, head style hexagonal
niobium, washer, size m4, length 50 pcs, outside diameter 8.64 - 9.00mm
niobium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.85%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, 6 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, length 0.2 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire, 1.25 mm diameter, length 20 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.02 mm, 4 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, length 1 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, length 0.5 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.004 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, 8 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, washer, size m6, length 50 pcs, outside diameter 11.57 - 12.00mm
niobium, foil, thickness 0.125 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, diameter 8 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.18mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0125 mm, 8 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.01 mm, diameter 10 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.007 mm, 10 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.15 mm, length 0.2 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 20m, diameter 1.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.01 mm, diameter 8 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.008 mm, 8 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.008 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 100mm, diameter 25mm, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0075 mm, 6 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.006 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 1.5 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0025 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.009 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.006 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0125 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0075 mm, 50 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 25mm, diameter 30.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, bolt, size m4 x 30 mm, length 25 pcs, head style hexagonal
niobium, foil, diameter 15 mm, thickness 0.01 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, bolt, size m4 x 30 mm, length 50 pcs, head style hexagonal
niobium, foil, thickness 0.003 mm, 10 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.004 mm, 8 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.003 mm, size 150 x 150 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.005 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, rod, 200mm, diameter 2.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.18mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.15 mm, diameter 10 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, sphere, 1pcs, diameter 4.0mm, precision sphere grade, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.0125 mm, length 0.5 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, diameter 4 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, length 0.5 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.007 mm, diameter 6 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, length 0.2 m, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, diameter 4 mm, purity 99.9%
niobium, wire reel, 10m, diameter 1.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 8 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
niobium, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
DB13031
niobium single crystal, 11-12mm (0.43-0.47in) dia, 100mm (3.9in) long, (110) orientation, zone refined
niobium nanofoil
niobium single crystal, 11-12mm (0.43-0.47in) dia, 100mm (3.9in) long, (111) orientation, zone refined
niobium nanoprisms
niobium single crystal, 11-12mm (0.43-0.47in) dia, 100mm (3.9in) long, (100) orientation, zone refined
niobium nanorods
Q1046
ampertec? niobium metal powder nb
niobium dispersion
niobium nanopowder dispersion
niobium nanopowder dispersion with eda ligand
ultra thin niobium nanofoil
niobium insulated wire, 2m, cd 0.05mm, it 0.008mm
niobium insulated wire, 5m, cd 0.05mm, it 0.008mm
niobium insulated wire, 1m, cd 0.05mm, it 0.008mm
niobium insulated wire, 10m, cd 0.05mm, it 0.008mm
niobium nanopowder dispersion with eda ligand (nb, purity: >99.9%, diameter: 80-100nm)
niobium dispersion with mps ligand (nb, purity: >99.9%, diameter: 80-100nm)
niobium standard: nb @ 10000 microg/ml in 2% hf
niobium standard: nb @ 1000 microg/ml in 2% hf
niobium 93
niobium metallicum
dtxcid5031052
niobium - nb @ 1000 microg/ml in 2% hf

Products

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Niobium is a β-stabilizer element that has the potential to decrease elastic modulus and possesses excellent corrosion resistance."	( Preparation, structural, microstructural, mechanical, and cytotoxic characterization of Ti-15Nb alloy for biomedical applications. da Silva, LM; Donato, TAG; Grandini, CR; Kuroda, PAB; Sousa, KDSJ, 2020)	1.28
"Niobium (Nb) is a non-toxic element with strong β stabilizing effect in Ti alloys, which makes Ti-Nb based alloys attractive for implant application."	( Microstructure and mechanical behavior of metal injection molded Ti-Nb binary alloys as biomedical material. Chang, K; Ebel, T; Pyczak, F; Qian, M; Willumeit, R; Yan, M; Zhao, D, 2013)	1.11

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Niobium oxide has been shown to improve biocompatibility and promote bioactivity. "	( Effect of niobium content on the microstructure and thermal properties of fluorapatite glass-ceramics. Denry, IL; Holloway, JA; Nakkula, RJ; Walters, JD, 2005)	2.17

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Thus, safe disposal of radioactive iodine is necessary and crucial."	( Safe disposal of radioactive iodide ions from solutions by Ag2O grafted sodium niobate nanofibers. Jian, Y; Li, X; Liu, G; Mu, W; Wei, H; Xie, X; Yu, Q, 2016)	0.43
"The development of new bleaching agents with minimum concentration of hydrogen peroxide (HP), without adverse effects, and with bleaching effectiveness, has great clinical relevance."	( Bleaching effectiveness and cytotoxicity of new experimental formulation of niobium-based bleaching gel. Belchior, JC; Benetti, F; Caneschi, CS; de Oliveira, LCA; Dos Santos Alves Morgan, LF; Ferreira, RC; Moreira, AN, 2023)	1.14

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of calcium silicate-based cements combined with niobium oxide (Nb2O5) micro and nanoparticles, comparing the response in different cell lines."	( Cytotoxicity and Bioactivity of Calcium Silicate Cements Combined with Niobium Oxide in Different Cell Lines. Faria, G; Gomes-Cornélio, AL; Guerreiro-Tanomaru, JM; Mestieri, LB; Rodrigues, EM; Tanomaru-Filho, M, )	0.57

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In safety assessment of French long-lived nuclear waste disposal, data concerning the mobility and the bioavailability of Nb in soils are needed as well as general trends of its fate in the specific environment around the site of French underground research laboratory."	( Retention and phytoavailability of radioniobium in soils. Echevarria, G; Leclerc-Cessac, E; Morel, JL, 2005)	0.6
" The results can be explained by the leachate dissolved metal or nutrient concentrations, but also by the metal bioavailability which depends on pH and hardness."	( Toxicity of tailing leachates from a niobium mine toward three aquatic organisms. Dalencourt, C; Fortin, C; Gruyer, N; Indiketi, N; Larivière, D; Paquet, N; Roberge, S; Triffault-Bouchet, G, 2019)	0.79

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"9)O(8)I was as high as 92% within 12 h visible light irradiation under the optimal conditions: initial MO concentration of 5-10 mg L(-1), catalyst dosage of 6 g L(-1) and natural pH (6-8), the MO molecules could be completely degradated by Bi(4)Nb(0."	( Photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants in aqueous solution by Bi(4)Nb(x)Ta((1-x))O(8)I. Fan, J; Hu, XY; Wang, JJ; Zhang, KL, 2012)	0.38

Product Category	Products
Vitamins & Supplements	2

Product	Brand	Category	Compounds Matched from Ingredients	Date Retrieved
Heaven Sent Wellgenix Balanced Essentials + Plus Liquid Vitamins Berry -- 32 fl oz	Heaven Sent	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Antimony, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Kelp, Barium, Beryllium, Biotin, Bismuth, Boron, Bromide, Omega 3, Cerium, Cesium, Chromium, citric acid, Cobalt, Cystine, Vitamin E, fructose, Dysprosium, Erbium, Europium, Fluoride, Folate, Gadolinium, Gallium, Vitamin E, Glycine, Gold, Hafnium, Histidine, Holmium, Inositol, Iodine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Lanthanum, Leucine, Calcium Carbonate, Lithium, Lutetium, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Molybdenum, Neodymium, Niacin, Nickel, Niobium, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Praseodymium, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Rhenium, Riboflavin, Rubidium, Samarium, Scandium, Selenium, Serine, Silicon, Silver, Strontium, Tantalum, Tellurium, Terbium, Thallium, Thiamin, Thorium, Threonine, Thulium, Tin, Titanium, Tryptophan, Tungsten, Tyrosine, Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Ytterbium, Yttrium, Zirconium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Sea Nourishment Cran-Raspberry -- 32 fl oz	Olympian Labs	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Barium, Beta Carotene, Bismuth, Boron, Bromine, Cadmium, Cellulase, Cesium, Chloride, Chromium, citric acid, Citrulline, Cobalt, Cysteine, Cystine, Vitamin E, fructose, Germanium, Vitamin E, Glutamine, Glycine, Gold, Histidine, Hydrogen, Indium, Iodine, Iridium, Lanthanum, Lithium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B, Nickel, Niobium, Ornithine, Osmium, Palladium, Phosphorus, Platinum, Proline, Rhodium, Rubidium, Selenium, Serine, Silver, Strontium, Sulfur, Taurine, Tellurium, Thallium, Tin, Titanium, Tungsten, CoQ7, CoQ8, CoQ9, Uranium, Vanadium	2024-11-29 10:47:42

Class	Description
vanadium group element atom
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	163 (11.94)	18.7374
1990's	77 (5.64)	18.2507
2000's	307 (22.49)	29.6817
2010's	675 (49.45)	24.3611
2020's	143 (10.48)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	9 (0.64%)	5.53%
Reviews	18 (1.29%)	6.00%
Case Studies	2 (0.14%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (0.07%)	0.25%
Other	1,370 (97.86%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
ethylene dichloride ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2.	2.02	1	0	chloroethanes	hepatotoxic agent; mutagen; non-polar solvent
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	2.46	2	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	2.99	4	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
adipic acid adipic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,4-dicarboxy derivative of butane.	2.41	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	food acidity regulator; human xenobiotic metabolite
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	3.14	5	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
beta-alanine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzene [no description available]	2.96	4	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	2.05	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	2.25	1	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
carbamates [no description available]	2.06	1	0	amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	2.95	4	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	2.46	2	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	9.19	16	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.71	3	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	3.6	9	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	2.08	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
octane Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms.	2.06	1	0	alkane	xenobiotic
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.45	2	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.04	1	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	3.12	5	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine [no description available]	2.37	2	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	7.98	4	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	2.04	1	0	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine [no description available]	1.94	1	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	4.92	34	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	2.68	3	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.78	3	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	7.98	36	2	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	2.11	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	2.08	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.	2.03	1	0	gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide	analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.	2.54	2	0	4-nitrophenols	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.11	1	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
phenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	3.02	4	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	2.11	1	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	2.48	2	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.59	2	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.	2.51	2	0	sulfur oxoacid	catalyst
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	7.1	1	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.45	2	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
beta-aminoethyl isothiourea beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea: A radiation-protective agent that can inhibit DNA damage by binding to the DNA. It also increases the susceptibility of blood cells to complement-mediated lysis.	1.97	1	0
azobenzene azobenzene: photosensor molecule known to undergo reversible isomerization from trans to cis on illumination with photons of appropriate wavelength; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (E)-azobenzene : The (E)-isomer of azobenzene.. (Z)-azobenzene : The (Z)-isomer of azobenzene.. azobenzene : A molecule whose structure comprises two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond; the parent compound of the azobenzene class of compounds.	2.07	1	0	azobenzenes
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	2.49	2	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.17	1	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	2.68	3	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	1.98	1	0	primary amine
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	2.37	2	0	pentacarboxylic acid	copper chelator
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	2.02	1	0
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	2.63	2	0
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	2.96	4	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
halothane [no description available]	1.94	1	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	1.96	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	2.13	1	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.41	1	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
lithium hydroxide lithium hydroxide: used for tryptophan determinations in proteins & foods; RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li-OH	2.01	1	0	alkali metal hydroxide
vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.	2.07	1	0	1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical
1,3-dicyclohexylurea 1,3-dicyclohexylurea: degradation product of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3- cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea; structure	2.05	1	0	ureas
nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.	7.25	1	0	cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
4-chlorophenol 4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom.	2.08	1	0	monochlorophenol
piperazine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.	2.08	1	0	aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sodium fluoride [no description available]	1.97	1	0	fluoride salt	mutagen
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	2.05	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
krypton Krypton: A noble gas that is found in the atmosphere. It has the atomic symbol Kr, atomic number 36, atomic weight 83.80, and has been used in electric bulbs.	3.04	1	0	monoatomic krypton; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	7.1	1	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
thymidine [no description available]	1.94	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.	2.37	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine	antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	2.25	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	1.98	1	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	2.06	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.04	1	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	7.42	2	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	2.05	1	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.45	2	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	2.08	1	0	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
uridine [no description available]	1.94	1	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	2.41	1	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	1.94	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	2.07	1	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	1.94	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
alizarin [no description available]	2.13	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	chromophore; dye; plant metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	1.94	1	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.	2.46	2	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	plant metabolite; refrigerant
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	2.44	2	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
acetylene [no description available]	7.47	2	0	alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound
boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.	2.13	1	0	boranes; mononuclear parent hydride
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.1	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.	2.05	1	0	gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen
tetramethylammonium tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups.	2.08	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	2.64	3	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	2.45	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	2.52	2	0	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.	2.5	2	0	organic chloride salt; xanthene dye	fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye
fluorene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	4	4	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.42	2	0	xanthene
quinaldic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.	1.95	1	0	carbonyl compound
benzotriazole benzotriazole: inhibitor of atmospheric metal corrosion; also component of motion picture film & Neva brake fluid. benzotriazole : The simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring.	2.15	1	0	benzotriazoles	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.03	1	0	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
furfuryl alcohol furfuryl alcohol: structure. furfuryl alcohol : A furan bearing a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 2-position.	2.1	1	0	furans; primary alcohol	Maillard reaction product
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	3.72	9	0	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
terephthalic acid terephthalic acid: RN given refers to 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid. terephthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 1 and 4. One of three possible isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being phthalic and isophthalic acids.	2.76	2	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid
styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.	7.58	2	0	styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound	mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite
phenyl ether diphenyl ether : An aromatic ether in which the oxygen is attached to two phenyl substituents. It has been found in muscat grapes and vanilla.	2.11	1	0	aromatic ether	plant metabolite
acrolein [no description available]	7.07	1	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
methylcyclohexane methylcyclohexane: structure in first source. methylcyclohexane : A cycloalkane that is cyclohexane substituted by a single methyl group.	7.1	1	0	cycloalkane; volatile organic compound	aprotic solvent; human metabolite; plant metabolite
triethylene glycol dimethacrylate [no description available]	2.52	2	0
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.25	1	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
cyclohexane Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.	2.13	1	0	cycloalkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	2.46	2	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
benzo(c)cinnoline [no description available]	2.11	1	0
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	2.08	1	0	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
thiazoles [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
perfluorooctanoic acid perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.	7.05	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; surfactant; xenobiotic
silicon carbide silicon carbide: fibers used for reinforcement of porcelain crowns; a feldspathic body (gingival) porcelain; used to coat titanium hip prostheses	2.08	1	0	organosilicon compound
cyanogen cyanogen: structure. oxalonitrile : A dinitrile that is ethane substituted by two cyano groups.	2.08	1	0	dinitrile; pseudohalogen
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	2.13	1	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
quinoline-4-carboxylic acid quinoline-4-carboxylic acid: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	quinolinemonocarboxylic acid
methyl red methyl red: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. methyl red : An azo dye consisting of benzoic acid substituted at position 2 by a 4-[(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl group.	2.6	1	0
sodium carbonate sodium carbonate: used topically for dermatitides, mouthwash, vaginal douche; veterinary use as emergency emetic; RN given refers to carbonic acid, di-Na salt; structure	2.06	1	0	carbonate salt; organic sodium salt
2-norbornene norbornene : A bridged compound that is cyclohexane with a methylene bridge between carbons 1 and 4 and a double bond at position 2.	2.41	1	0
caprolactone hexano-6-lactone : A epsilon-lactone that is oxepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	7.11	1	0	epsilon-lactone
barium carbonate barium carbonate : An inorganic carbonate salt of barium.	2.48	2	0	carbonate salt; inorganic barium salt
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	2.08	1	0
2-methylfuran 2-methylfuran : A member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.15	1	0	furans; volatile organic compound	flavouring agent; fuel; hepatotoxic agent; human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.	2.01	1	0	hydrochloride	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
tristearin tristearoylglycerol : A triglyceride that is glycerol in which all three hydroxy groups have been formally esterified with stearic acid.	2.11	1	0	triacylglycerol 54:0	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; plant metabolite
glycidol glycidol: structure given in first source	2.15	1	0	epoxide; primary alcohol
potassium carbonate potassium carbonate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of carbonic acid.	2.49	2	0	carbonate salt; potassium salt	catalyst; fertilizer; flame retardant
levulinic acid levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316. 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position.	2.5	2	0	oxopentanoic acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	plant metabolite
1,3-cyclohexadiene 1,3-cyclohexadiene: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	cyclohexadiene
isosorbide Isosorbide: 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.	7.08	1	0	organic molecular entity
2-piperidone 2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.04	1	0	delta-lactam; piperidones	EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.	2.08	1	0	enoate ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
rhodamine 6g rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl	2.02	1	0
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	4.08	14	0
potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH	2.01	1	0	alkali metal hydroxide
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.42	2	0	alkali metal hydroxide
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	3.58	8	0	zinc molecular entity
vanadium pentoxide [no description available]	2.03	1	0	vanadium oxide
hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.	2.08	1	0	hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
bisphenol a-glycidyl methacrylate Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate: The reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate that undergoes polymerization when exposed to ultraviolet light or mixed with a catalyst. It is used as a bond implant material and as the resin component of dental sealants and composite restorative materials.	3.45	6	0	diarylmethane
phenylphosphonic acid phenylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; NM same as N1	2.1	1	0	benzenes
tetrabutylammonium tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	2.04	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate: structure in first source	2.49	2	0
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	2.78	3	0	carbon oxoanion
(3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane [no description available]	2.03	1	0
dysprosium Dysprosium: An element of the rare earth family that has the atomic symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and atomic weight 162.50. Dysprosium is a silvery metal used primarily in the form of various salts.	2.1	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	2.49	2	0	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
lanthanum [no description available]	4.36	21	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
lutetium Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.	2.03	1	0	d-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	4.06	15	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	3.77	3	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	7.66	46	1	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
neptunium Neptunium: A radioactive element of the actinide metals family. It has the atomic symbol Np, and atomic number 93.	2.34	2	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.	3.83	11	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
neon Neon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ne, atomic number 10, and atomic weight 20.18. It is found in the earth's crust and atmosphere as an inert, odorless gas and is used in vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps.	3.08	5	0	monoatomic neon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	5.12	14	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	4.04	14	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
plutonium Plutonium: A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.	3.95	4	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
praseodymium Praseodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pr, atomic number 59, and atomic weight 140.91.	3.33	7	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
promethium Promethium: A radioactive element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pm, and atomic number 61. It has been used in the construction of atomic batteries, in the preparation of self-luminous compounds, and as a beta-particle source for thickness gauges.	3.44	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
protactinium Protactinium: A radioactive element of the actinide group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pa, atomic number 91, and atomic weight 231. It decays by alpha-emission.	6.93	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.	4.94	12	0	cobalt group element atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	10.66	26	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
samarium Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.17	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
scandium Scandium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.	3.48	8	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	4.19	16	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
tantalum Tantalum: A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices.	8.3	150	2	vanadium group element atom
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	4.84	6	0	manganese group element atom
terbium Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.	2.47	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
thorium Thorium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography.	3.68	10	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
thulium Thulium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93.	2.8	3	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	12.01	378	3	titanium group element atom
tungsten Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.	5.39	19	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.	3.25	6	0	monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom	food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	2.86	4	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	4.99	7	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	12.07	25	1	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
erbium Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26.	3.74	10	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.	3.16	5	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.47	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	9.15	16	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
hafnium Hafnium: A metal element of atomic number 72 and atomic weight 178.49, symbol Hf.	8.77	11	0	titanium group element atom
helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.	2.89	4	0	monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom	food packaging gas
holmium Holmium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ho, atomic number 67, and atomic weight 164.93.	2.07	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.	5.08	14	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium
vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.	8.27	37	1	elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom	micronutrient
xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.	3.04	1	0	monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
ytterbium Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.	3.83	11	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
yttrium Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.	3.75	11	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	11.19	216	2	titanium group element atom
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	3.04	1	0	diatomic bromine
calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous: molecular formula CaHPO(4), DCPA=dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; don't confuse with dichloropropionanilide which also is called DCPA; MW=136.06; has greater surface area and lower pH than DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate); occurs in nature as monetite; an intermediate in preparing hydroxyapatite	2.41	2	0	calcium phosphate
calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, monobasic: MW 234.05	2.41	2	0	calcium phosphate	fertilizer
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	8.75	10	0	calcium phosphate
chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.	1.94	1	0	chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion	oxidising agent
tungstate [no description available]	7.77	3	0	divalent inorganic anion; tungsten oxoanion
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	1.97	1	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	8.06	5	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
fluorosulfonic acid perfluorosulfonic acid: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer–copolymer	2	1	0	sulfur oxoacid	NMR solvent
molybdate ion molybdate : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from molybdic acid	3.2	5	0	divalent inorganic anion; molybdenum oxoanion	Escherichia coli metabolite
niobium pentachloride [no description available]	3.16	5	0
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	2	1	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
radon Radon: A naturally radioactive element with atomic symbol Rn, and atomic number 86. It is a member of the noble gas family found in soil, and is released during the decay of RADIUM.. radon(0) : A monoatomic radon that has an oxidation state of zero.	6.96	1	0	monoatomic radon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
tellurous acid tellurous acid: tellurite anion inhibits oxidation of NAD-linked substrates in kidney & liver mitochondria; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0	tellurium oxoacid
ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate: slow-acting amine polymerization accelerator. parbenate : A benzoate ester that is ethyl benzoate substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4.	2.08	1	0	benzoate ester; ethyl ester; tertiary amino compound
camphoroquinone camphoroquinone: a natural monoterpene, non-aromatic quinone; structure given in first source. bornane-2,3-dione : A bornane monoterpenoid that is bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by methyl groups at positions 1, 7 and 7 and oxo groups at positions 2 and 3.	2.49	2	0	bornane monoterpenoid; carbobicyclic compound
chlormerodrin Chlormerodrin: A mercurial compound that has been used as a diuretic but is now superseded by more potent and less toxic drugs. The radiolabeled form has been used as a diagnostic and research tool.. chlormerodrin : Urea in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 3-chloromercury-2-methoxyprop-1-yl group. It was formerly used as a diuretic, but more potent and less toxic drugs are now available. Its radiolabelled ((197)Hg, (203)Hg) forms were used in diagnostic aids in renal imaging and brain scans.	1.94	1	0	organomercury compound; ureas	diagnostic agent; diuretic
tricalcium silicate tricalcium silicate: might be used as injectable bioactive cement	7.85	3	0
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	11.32	46	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
ornidazole Ornidazole: A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.. ornidazole : A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections.	2.07	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; organochlorine compound; secondary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antiprotozoal drug; antitrichomonal drug; epitope
fluorides [no description available]	3.4	7	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
stannic oxide tin dioxide : A tin oxide compound consisting of tin(IV) covalently bound to two oxygen atoms.	2.51	2	0	tin oxide
chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen	8.24	5	0	chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation
iodine [no description available]	2.68	3	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
fenitrothion Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.	7.17	1	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
alkenes [no description available]	2.54	2	0
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	2.03	1	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.	1.98	1	0	conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
pefloxacin Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.	2.25	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
titanium disulfide [no description available]	2.25	1	0
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	3.47	7	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
zircon zircon: RN given refers to Zr(+4)[1:1] salt; structure	3.01	4	0
tantalum oxide tantalum oxide: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; used for surgical implants	8.32	6	0
barium oxide [no description available]	2.03	1	0
tellurium dioxide [no description available]	2.45	2	0
potassium phosphate potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.	2.02	1	0	inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic potassium salt
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	2.02	1	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.05	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
baicalin [no description available]	2.15	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd	7.4	2	0
1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2	1	0
lissamine rhodamine b lissamine rhodamine B: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lissamine Rhodamine B refers to Na salt	2.05	1	0
boron nitride [no description available]	2.31	1	0	nitride
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.54	2	0	1,2,3-triazole
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	2.72	3	0	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
glutarimide [no description available]	2.04	1	0	dicarboximide; piperidones
ceric oxide ceric oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeO2. ceric oxide : A metal oxide with formula CeO2. It is used for polishing glass, in coatings for infra-red filters to prevent reflection, and as an oxidant and catalyst in organic synthesis.	2.52	2	0	cerium molecular entity; metal oxide
2,5-furandicarboxylic acid furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid : A member of the class of furans carrying two carboxy substituents at positions 2 and 5.	2.25	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; furans	human urinary metabolite
iridium oxide iridium oxide: RN given refers to Ir-O2	2.08	1	0
ruthenium dioxide ruthenium dioxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ru-O2	2.06	1	0
vanadium dioxide [no description available]	2.1	1	0	vanadium oxide
strontium titanium oxide [no description available]	3.01	4	0
aluminum nitride [no description available]	2.01	1	0	nitride
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	2.65	3	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
titanium nitride (tin) titanium nitride: RN given refers to unspecified MF	3.36	6	0
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	5.91	24	1	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
yttrium radioisotopes Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.	1.96	1	0
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	2.03	1	0	oligopeptide
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	2.05	1	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-aminophenylphosphate 4-aminophenylphosphate: RN refers to di-Ag salt; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(iii) tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III): RN given refers to Co(3+) ion (OC-6-11)	2.02	1	0
niobium pentoxide [no description available]	5.86	87	0
hydronium ion [no description available]	2.25	1	0	onium cation; oxygen hydride
methotrexate [no description available]	7.6	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	7.08	1	0	D-xylose
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	2.46	2	0	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
dialuminum magnesium tetraoxide spinell: mineral that can be colored to match dentin	2.08	1	0
neodymium oxide neodymium oxide: has antineoplastic activity	2.07	1	0
lead titanate zirconate [no description available]	2.46	2	0
potassium titanylphosphate [no description available]	2.49	2	0
carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.	2.05	1	0	carbodiimide
zirconium phosphate zirconium phosphate: reagent for carcinoembryonic antigen determination in plasma from patients having benign or malignant disease; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified ratio	1.94	1	0
calcium pyrophosphate [no description available]	2.41	2	0
n,n'-bis(salicylideneamino)ethane-manganese(ii) N,N'-bis(salicylideneamino)ethane-manganese(II): structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	2.44	2	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	1.95	1	0
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	2.82	3	0
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	2.39	2	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
nickel monoxide [no description available]	2.06	1	0
cortisone [no description available]	1.94	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5-hydroxymethylfurfural 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.	3.23	5	0	arenecarbaldehyde; furans; primary alcohol	indicator; Maillard reaction product
hafnia Hafnia: A genus of straight, gram-negative bacterial rods which are facultatively anaerobic and motile by peritrichous flagella. This genus is found in human and animal feces, soil, water, and dairy products. It is an opportunistic pathogen in humans. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)	2.07	1	0
povidone-iodine Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.	2.06	1	0
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.	1.98	1	0	inorganic chloride; lithium salt	antimanic drug; geroprotector
bakkenolide a bakkenolide A: structure	7.03	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	1.97	1	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	2.25	1	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
texas red Texas red: hydrophilic Texas red; structure given in first source	2	1	0	organic heteroheptacyclic compound	fluorochrome
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	2.01	1	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
deformylflustrabromine deformylflustrabromine: has antineoplastic activity; isolated from Flustra folicea; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	tryptamines
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.03	1	0	isomethyleugenol
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.03	1	0
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	2.81	3	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
ferric ferrocyanide ferric ferrocyanide: antidote to thallium poisoning; RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:4] salt; structure	2.03	1	0
tungsten carbide tungsten carbide: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF	2.01	1	0
1,6-anhydro-beta-glucopyranose 1,6-anhydro-beta-glucopyranose: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer. levoglucosan : A anhydrohexose that is the 1,6-anhydro-derivative of beta-D-glucopyranose.	2.31	1	0	anhydrohexose	Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite; biomarker; human metabolite
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	5.71	25	0	alkali metal atom
nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.	2.77	3	0	nitrogen oxide
cystine [no description available]	1.95	1	0
nitinol nitinol: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Ti; do not confuse with titanium nickelide; other nitinols (nitinol SE and nitinol 55) are Co-Ni-Ti alloys	7.96	4	0
calixarenes Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.	2.03	1	0
silicon nitride [no description available]	2.79	3	0
alizarin red s Alizarin Red S: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. alizarin red S : An organic sodium salt having 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate as the counterion. It is commonly used to stain embryo skeletons in cleared whole mounts, usually of small mammals.	2.11	1	0	organic sodium salt; organosulfonate salt	histological dye
niobium carbide niobium carbide: found in some gypsum-bonded dental investments	4.27	16	0
sodium niobate [no description available]	5.22	14	0
erbium oxide [no description available]	2.02	1	0
quercetin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.02	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
kaempferol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
baicalein [no description available]	2.15	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	1.94	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	6.23	44	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
tin [no description available]	12.47	38	1	carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom	micronutrient
antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.	3.83	12	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	4.3	6	0	alkali metal atom
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	4.1	16	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	2.34	2	0	alkali metal atom
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	7.01	42	2	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	5.54	22	0	alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.	5.42	18	0	metal atom; pnictogen
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	2.66	3	0	boron group element atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	9.45	7	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.	3.82	11	0	boron group element atom
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	8.68	10	0	boron group element atom
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	8.39	6	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
methyl oleate [no description available]	2.05	1	0	fatty acid methyl ester
nitrofurazone Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.	2.31	1	0
beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.	2.87	4	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen	adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope
acetyl acetonate [no description available]	2.06	1	0
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.39	2	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
isophthalate isophthalate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.11	1	0	dicarboxylic acid dianion
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	9.71	28	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	4.67	8	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	3.41	7	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
strontium radioisotopes Strontium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.	4.92	12	0
barium titanate(iv) barium titanate(IV): RN given refers to parent cpd	4.58	7	0
germanium Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.	3.37	7	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	3.83	11	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
phosphorus pentoxide phosphorus pentoxide: drying agent for bacterial cultural extracts analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography; structure. diphosphonate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from diphosphonic acid.	2.15	1	0
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	3.86	12	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
polonium Polonium: A radioactive element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Po, atomic number 84, and the atomic weight of the isotope with the longest half-life (209Po) is 208.98. It decays by alpha-emission.. polonium atom : A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia).	2.34	2	0	chalcogen; metal atom
radium Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY.	1.94	1	0	alkaline earth metal atom
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	3.34	7	0
dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine: chemical name in article is incorrect - phosphatidylethandamine instead of phosphatidylethanolamine. dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.	2.25	1	0	phosphatidylethanolamine
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	2.11	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
disilver oxide [no description available]	2.13	1	0
zeolites [no description available]	3.35	6	0
potassium oxide potassium oxide : A metal oxide with formula K2O.	2.48	2	0	metal oxide; potassium salt
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	4.09	15	0
flustramine c flustramine C: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
fluorapatite fluorapatite: RN refers to fluorapatite [Ca5F(PO4)3]). apatite : A phosphate mineral with the general formula Ca5(PO4)3X where X = OH, F or Cl.. fluorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3F.	2.74	3	0
phenylnitrene [no description available]	2.13	1	0
lithium borate lithium borate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li2-B4O7; structure	2.03	1	0	borate salts
thiacalix(4)arene thiacalix(4)arene: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.41	1	0
oligonucleotides [no description available]	2.04	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	3.43	7	0	glycoside
lead titanate lead titanate: ceramic fiber compound	3.94	12	0
perovskite calcium titanate : A calcium salt with the formula CaTiO3, generally obtained in the form of the mineral perovskite.	5.32	16	0
sodium titanate [no description available]	3.15	1	0
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
lead magnesium niobate [no description available]	4.3	18	0
vendex Torque: The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.	2.01	1	0	organotin acaricide
sodium salicylate [no description available]	1.97	1	0	organic molecular entity
silicate cement Silicate Cement: A relatively hard, translucent, restorative material used primarily in anterior teeth. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p50)	7.57	2	0
chitosan [no description available]	2.93	3	0
lithium niobate [no description available]	6.82	232	0
methyl orange methyl orange: indictor of pH with strong acids & bases; also used as reagent to form ion pairs with, and thereby isolate, certain compounds from biological material; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search AZO COMPOUNDS (75-86); file maintained to Azo cpds	3.36	6	0
sodium tantalate [no description available]	2.15	1	0
chiniofon Hydroxyquinolines: The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses.	2.11	1	0
silicotungstic acid silicotungstic acid: RN given refers to parent compound; structure	2.08	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.15	1	0
potassium titanate potassium titanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K2-TiO3	3.15	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	7.91	4	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	2.94	3	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	2.06	1	0
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	7.46	2	0
bismuth titanate [no description available]	3.55	2	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	2.47	2	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	2.54	2	0
saponite [no description available]	7.1	1	0
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	2.21	1	0
eye [no description available]	3.28	6	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	1.94	1	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.11	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	3.11	4	0
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	3.11	4	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	4.85	13	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	4.85	13	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	3.1	4	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	3.1	4	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	2.41	1	0
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	5.07	41	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.31	1	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.52	2	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	3.08	5	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	3.08	5	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.25	1	0
Linear Skull Fracture [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	2.49	2	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	7.53	2	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	8.7	1	1
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	3.7	1	1
Biliary or Urinary Stones [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Kidney Stones [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.	2.15	1	0
Hangman Fracture [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column.	2.15	1	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	8.3	6	0
Segond Fracture [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA.	2.17	1	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.17	1	0
Angle's Classification [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Malocclusion Such malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth as to interfere with the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)	3.56	1	1
Caries, Dental [description not available]	4.13	3	1
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	4.13	3	1
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	3.46	8	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	2.17	1	0
Infections, Prosthesis-Related [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.55	2	0
Demineralization, Tooth [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Flaccid Quadriplegia [description not available]	3.47	1	1
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.1	1	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	2.49	2	0
Prosthesis Durability [description not available]	5.14	10	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	2.13	1	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	2.98	1	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	2.98	1	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	2.98	1	0
Nodular Goiter [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Goiter, Nodular An enlarged THYROID GLAND containing multiple nodules (THYROID NODULE), usually resulting from recurrent thyroid HYPERPLASIA and involution over many years to produce the irregular enlargement. Multinodular goiters may be nontoxic or may induce THYROTOXICOSIS.	2.06	1	0
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.	2.45	2	0
Hyperkyphosis [description not available]	3.47	1	1
Scoliosis An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.47	1	1
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.	2.01	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	9.81	13	0
Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine A condition of chronic gastroenteritis in adult pigs and fatal gastroenteritis in piglets caused by a CORONAVIRUS.	2.01	1	0
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	2.85	4	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	2.85	4	0
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	1.93	1	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	1.93	1	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	1.93	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Metastase [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.34	2	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	1.93	1	0
Poisoning, Mercury [description not available]	3.55	3	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	1.94	1	0
Mercury Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of MERCURY or MERCURY COMPOUNDS.	3.55	3	0
Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied.	1.94	1	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	1.93	1	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	1.93	1	0
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	1.93	1	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	1.94	1	0
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	2.02	1	0
Arthropathies [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS.	2.03	1	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	3.41	1	1
Graft Occlusion, Vascular Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.	3.41	1	1
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	3.41	1	1
Hip Dislocation Displacement of the femur bone from its normal position at the HIP JOINT.	2.03	1	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	3.05	5	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	2.65	3	0
Emesis [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	1.98	1	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.36	2	0
Arsenic Encephalopathy [description not available]	3.27	2	0
Embryopathies [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Poisoning, Lead [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Cadmium Poisoning Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis.	1.95	1	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	3.27	2	0
Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.	1.95	1	0
Alkalosis A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.	1.95	1	0
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	1.95	1	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	2.64	3	0
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	1.95	1	0
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Breathlessness [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Bagassosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhaled dust from processing SUGARCANE (bagasse), usually in the manufacturing of wallboard.	2.35	2	0
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	1.95	1	0
Pneumoconiosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population.	2.35	2	0
Foreign-Body Reaction Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.	1.97	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	1.97	1	0
Dental Pulp Disease [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Dental Pulp Diseases Endodontic diseases of the DENTAL PULP inside the tooth, which is distinguished from PERIAPICAL DISEASES of the tissue surrounding the root.	1.97	1	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	1.97	1	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.36	2	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	1.95	1	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	3.26	2	0
Enteropathy, Exudative [description not available]	3.26	2	0
Protein-Losing Enteropathies Pathological conditions in the INTESTINES that are characterized by the gastrointestinal loss of serum proteins, including SERUM ALBUMIN; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; and at times LYMPHOCYTES. Severe condition can result in HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA or LYMPHOPENIA. Protein-losing enteropathies are associated with a number of diseases including INTESTINAL LYMPHANGIECTASIS; WHIPPLE'S DISEASE; and NEOPLASMS of the SMALL INTESTINE.	3.26	2	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	1.94	1	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	1.94	1	0
Fasciola Infection [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	1.94	1	0
Hypoproteinemia A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA.	1.94	1	0
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	1.94	1	0
Fascioliasis Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic flukes of the genus FASCIOLA, such as FASCIOLA HEPATICA.	1.94	1	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	1.94	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.35	2	0
Glycosuria The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).	1.94	1	0
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	1.94	1	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.94	1	0

niobium

Description

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Synonyms (474)

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Overview

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Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (2 Product(s))

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Research

Studies (1,365)

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Research Demand Index: 86.14

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niobium

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (474)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (2 Product(s))

Product Categories

Products

Drug Classes (1)

Research

Studies (1,365)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 86.14

Study Types

Related Drugs (381)

Related Conditions (152)