Stargardt Disease

A juvenile-onset macular dystrophy characterized by progressive loss of VISUAL ACUITY with normal acuity in peripheral VISUAL FIELDS. Other associated clinical features may include LIPOFUSCIN fundus autofluorescence, atrophy of the RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM, loss of color vision, PHOTOPHOBIA and PARACENTRAL SCOTOMA. Germline mutations in the ABCA4 gene have been identified in recessive and dominant diseases.

Synonym
Stargardt Disease

Excerpt	Reference
"Stargardt disease is one of the most common forms of inherited retinal disease and leads to permanent vision loss."	( Arunachalam, S; Attia, MS; Charng, J; Chen, FK; De Roach, JN; Frost, S; Lamey, TM; Mackey, DA; McLaren, TL; Mehdizadeh, M; Thompson, JA; Xiao, D, 2020)
"Stargardt disease is a rare, inherited, degenerative disease of the retina that is the most common type of hereditary macular dystrophy."	( Birch, DG; Gregory, JK; Koester, JM; Kubota, R, 2022)
"Stargardt disease is the most common form of early onset macular degeneration."	( Cebotaru, L; Grover, R; Guggino, WB; Handa, JT; Lopes Pacheco, M; Rapino, D; Sabirzhanova, I, 2015)
"Stargardt disease is a common inherited macular degeneration characterised by a significant loss in the central vision during the first or second decade of the life."	( Angulo, J; Cuevas, P; Giménez-Gallego, G; Outeiriño, LA, 2012)

Excerpt	Reference
"Presently, there are no standard treatments for Stargardt disease."	( Adelman, RA; Liu, J; Lu, LJ, 2017)

Timeframe	Studies, This Condition (%)	All Conditions %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	23.3326
1990's	0 (0.00)	12.5806
2000's	0 (0.00)	18.1394
2010's	32 (68.09)	28.8240
2020's	15 (31.91)	9.53

Drug	Relationship Strength	Studies
adenine	low	1
cytosine	low	1
doxazosin	low	1
hydroxychloroquine	low	1
pyrroles	low	2
piperidine	low	1
alpha-aminopyridine	low	2
d-alpha tocopherol	low	1
zinc phosphate	low	3
deuterium	low	3
trolamine salicylate	low	2
calcium dobesilate	low	1
glycerophosphoethanolamine	low	1
soraprazan	low	1
leupeptins	low	1
retinylamine	low	1
retinol	low	9
eicosapentaenoic acid	low	1
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde	low	1
retinaldehyde	low	7
nadp	low	1
11-cis-retinal	low	4
zeaxanthin	low	1
lutein	low	1
fenretinide	low	1
guanabenz	low	1
bafilomycin a	low	1
tubacin	low	2
retinal dimer	low	1
indocyanine green	low	2
phosphatidylcholines	low	1
lumacaftor	low	2
9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-adenine	low	1
glycolipids	low	1
piperidines	low	2
acy-1215	low	1
4-((1-butyl-3-phenylureido)methyl)-n-hydroxybenzamide	low	1
eye	low	2

Protein Targets (325)

Protein	Potency Measurements	Inhibition Measurements	Activation Measurements	Drugs
Chain A, Retinaldehyde-binding protein 1	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Retinaldehyde-binding protein 1	0	0	1	1
Histone deacetylase 3	0	5	0	5
Cytochrome P450 2D6	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 2C19	0	1	0	1
Histone deacetylase 4	0	5	0	5
Histone deacetylase 1	0	5	1	6
Histone deacetylase 7	0	4	0	4
Histone deacetylase 2	0	6	0	6
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10	0	4	0	4
Histone deacetylase 11	0	4	0	4
Histone deacetylase 8	0	5	0	5
Histone deacetylase 6	0	6	1	7
Histone deacetylase 9	0	4	0	4
Histone deacetylase 5	0	4	0	4
PPM1D protein	3	0	0	3
EWS/FLI fusion protein	6	0	0	6
Histone deacetylase 6	0	1	0	1
interferon gamma precursor	0	0	0	2
Interferon beta	5	0	0	5
Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase	0	2	0	2
Proteasome subunit beta type-5	0	3	0	3
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-2	0	1	0	1
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1	0	1	0	1
Nuclear receptor corepressor 2	0	2	0	2
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	3	0	0	3
Chain A, MTA/SAH nucleosidase	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Ribosome-inactivating protein alpha-trichosanthin	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Ricin A chain	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Ribosome-inactivating protein 3	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase	0	0	1	1
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	6	0	0	6
TDP1 protein	8	0	0	8
AR protein	10	0	0	10
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	4	0	0	4
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	4	0	0	4
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	6	0	0	6
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	6	0	0	6
pregnane X nuclear receptor	4	0	0	4
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	10	0	0	10
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	6	0	0	6
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2	2	0	0	2
heat shock protein beta-1	5	0	0	5
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1	3	0	0	3
snurportin-1	3	0	0	3
tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein	1	0	0	1
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 1	2	0	0	2
lamin isoform A-delta10	4	0	0	4
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	4	0	0	4
Bile salt export pump	0	2	0	2
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1	0	1	0	1
Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor 2	4	0	0	4
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase	0	1	0	1
TAR DNA-binding protein 43	1	0	0	1
Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP15	0	1	0	1
Leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2	0	2	0	2
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	4	0	0	4
Ataxin-2	5	0	0	5
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	6	0	0	6
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	4	0	0	4
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	8	0	0	8
Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha	0	0	1	1
Botulinum neurotoxin type A	0	1	0	1
Neutrophil cytosol factor 1	0	1	0	1
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	0	1	0	1
Nitric oxide synthase, brain	0	1	0	1
Nitric oxide synthase, brain	0	1	0	1
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible	0	1	0	1
Kappa-type opioid receptor	0	0	1	1
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha	0	1	0	1
Mu-type opioid receptor	0	0	1	1
Tyrosine-protein kinase	0	0	1	1
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-beta	0	1	0	1
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-alpha	0	1	0	1
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta	0	1	0	1
Proteasome subunit beta type-11	0	1	0	1
Fumarate hydratase	3	0	0	3
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	5	0	0	5
polyprotein	3	0	0	3
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	4	0	0	4
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	3	0	0	3
survival motor neuron protein isoform d	3	0	0	3
Calpain-9	0	1	0	1
Proteasome subunit alpha type-7	0	1	0	1
Cathepsin B	0	1	0	1
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	2	1	3
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	2	1	3
Aromatase	0	2	0	2
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	0	1	0	1
Calpain-2 catalytic subunit	0	1	0	1
Proteasome subunit beta type-1	0	2	0	2
Proteasome subunit alpha type-1	0	1	0	1
Proteasome subunit alpha type-2	0	1	0	1
Proteasome subunit alpha type-3	0	1	0	1
Proteasome subunit alpha type-4	0	1	0	1
NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha	0	0	1	1
Proteasome subunit beta type-8	0	1	0	1
Proteasome subunit beta type-9	0	1	0	1
Proteasome subunit alpha type-5	0	1	0	1
Proteasome subunit beta type-4	0	1	0	1
Proteasome subunit beta type-6	0	1	0	1
Proteasome subunit beta type-10	0	1	0	1
Cathepsin K	0	1	0	1
Proteasome subunit beta type-3	0	1	0	1
Proteasome subunit beta type-2	0	2	0	2
Proteasome subunit alpha type-6	0	1	0	1
Proteasome subunit alpha-type 8	0	1	0	1
Proteasome subunit beta type-7	0	1	0	1
Gamma-secretase subunit PEN-2	0	1	0	1
GLI family zinc finger 3	5	0	0	5
IDH1	3	0	0	3
geminin	4	0	0	4
Deoxycytidine kinase	0	0	0	1
USP1 protein, partial	5	0	0	5
Microtubule-associated protein tau	3	0	0	3
activating transcription factor 6	3	0	0	3
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a	3	0	0	3
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	2	0	0	2
Cellular tumor antigen p53	6	0	0	6
Glutathione S-transferase P	0	1	0	1
Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein	0	0	1	1
thioredoxin reductase	3	0	0	3
ATAD5 protein, partial	2	0	0	2
D(1A) dopamine receptor	3	0	0	3
chromobox protein homolog 1	2	0	0	2
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1	3	0	0	3
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4	0	4	0	4
Interstitial collagenase	0	1	0	1
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	0	4	0	4
Angiotensin-converting enzyme	0	2	0	2
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	0	4	0	4
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	0	4	0	4
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	0	6	0	7
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	0	4	0	4
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	0	2	0	2
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	2
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	2
Alpha-synuclein	1	2	0	3
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	0	4	0	4
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	0	3	1	4
D(1A) dopamine receptor	2	0	0	2
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	0	2	0	2
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	0	3	0	3
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3	0	2	0	2
Chain A, Protein (peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (ppar-delta))	0	1	0	1
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	4	0	0	4
GLS protein	2	0	0	2
regulator of G-protein signaling 4	2	0	0	2
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	6	0	0	6
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor	1	0	0	1
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	1	0	0	1
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	0	1	0	1
Trypsin	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 1A2	0	1	0	1
Coagulation factor VII	0	1	0	1
Tissue factor	0	1	0	1
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	0	2	0	2
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	0	0	1	1
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	0	1	0	1
Oxoeicosanoid receptor 1	0	1	0	1
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE	2	0	0	2
Chain A, HADH2 protein	1	0	0	1
Chain B, HADH2 protein	1	0	0	1
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A	1	0	0	1
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase	1	0	0	1
Chain A, Ferritin light chain	1	0	0	1
Chain A, Cruzipain	2	0	0	2
acid sphingomyelinase	1	0	0	1
interleukin 8	3	0	0	3
acetylcholinesterase	4	0	0	4
glp-1 receptor, partial	1	0	0	1
BRCA1	1	0	0	1
15-lipoxygenase, partial	3	0	0	3
pregnane X receptor	3	0	0	3
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit	2	0	0	2
SMAD family member 2	3	0	0	3
NFKB1 protein, partial	1	0	0	1
SMAD family member 3	3	0	0	3
Thrombopoietin	1	0	0	1
Smad3	1	0	0	1
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease	2	0	0	2
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)	1	0	0	1
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	4	0	0	4
progesterone receptor	2	0	0	2
nonstructural protein 1	1	0	0	1
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	5	0	0	5
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	2	0	0	2
G	2	0	0	2
cytochrome P450 2D6	2	0	0	2
67.9K protein	1	0	0	1
glucocerebrosidase	2	0	0	2
Parkin	1	0	0	1
P53	1	0	0	1
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	4	0	0	4
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	4	0	0	4
caspase-3	2	0	0	2
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)	1	0	0	1
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	2	0	0	2
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2	2	0	0	2
Caspase-7	2	0	0	2
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1	1	0	0	1
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1	1	0	0	1
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a	2	0	0	2
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1	1	0	0	1
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a	1	0	0	1
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d	3	0	0	3
caspase-3	2	0	0	2
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3	1	0	0	1
huntingtin isoform 2	1	0	0	1
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	2	0	0	2
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 1	1	0	0	1
flap endonuclease 1	1	0	0	1
ras-related protein Rab-9A	1	0	0	1
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	4	0	0	4
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor	1	0	0	1
plasminogen precursor	1	0	0	1
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor	1	0	0	1
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1	3	0	0	3
peripheral myelin protein 22	2	0	0	2
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	3	0	0	3
M-phase phosphoprotein 8	1	0	0	1
lethal factor (plasmid)	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	3	0	0	3
Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	1	0	0	1
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	2	0	0	2
Retinol-binding protein 4	0	0	3	3
Integrin beta-3	2	0	0	2
Prosaposin	0	0	1	1
Integrin alpha-IIb	2	0	0	2
Retinoic acid receptor gamma	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	3	0	0	3
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	0	3	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	3	0	0	3
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta	0	1	0	1
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	3	0	0	3
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma	0	1	0	1
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	3	0	0	3
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	1	0	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	3	0	0	3
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2	0	1	0	1
GABA theta subunit	3	0	0	3
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	3	0	0	3
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	2	0	0	2
guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-15	0	1	1	2
trace amine-associated receptor 1	0	1	1	2
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	0	1	0	1
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	0	1	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	0	2	0	2
Spike glycoprotein	2	0	1	3
Nischarin	0	1	0	1
Genome polyprotein	0	1	0	1
Spike glycoprotein	0	0	1	1
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	0	1	1
Transmembrane protease serine 2	0	0	1	1
Procathepsin L	0	0	1	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	0	2	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5	0	1	0	1
Replicase polyprotein 1a	0	0	1	1
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	0	1	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	0	1	0	1
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	0	1	0	1
Sigma intracellular receptor 2	0	1	0	1
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase	0	1	0	1
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	0	1	0	1
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	0	0	1	1
Toll-like receptor 9	0	1	0	1
Toll-like receptor 7	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 2C8	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 2C9	0	1	0	1
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	0	0	2	2
retinoic acid receptor alpha isoform 1	0	1	0	1
retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha isoform a	0	1	0	1
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2	0	0	1	1
Luciferase	1	0	0	1
Histone H2A.x	1	0	0	1
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	0	0	0	2
Amyloid-beta precursor protein	0	2	0	2
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	0	0	0	1
Chain A, PLASMA RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN PRECURSOR	0	0	1	1
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	1	0	0	1
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor	1	0	0	1
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a	1	0	0	1
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)	1	0	0	1
Beta-lactoglobulin	0	0	1	1
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17	1	0	0	1
Retinoid isomerohydrolase	0	1	0	1
Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase	0	1	0	1
HD2 type histone deacetylase HDA106	0	1	0	1
aryl hydrocarbon receptor	1	0	0	1
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Synonyms(1)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Treatment

Research

Studies (47)

Protein Targets (325)

Stargardt Disease

Synonyms(1)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Treatment

Research

Studies (47)

Drugs Studied (44)

Protein Targets (325)