Compounds > a 2545
Page last updated: 2024-12-08

a 2545

Description

A 2545: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID185295
CHEMBL ID15649
SCHEMBL ID7358859
MeSH IDM0284302

Synonyms (15)

Synonym
n-[3-(1,3-dioxoisoindol-2-yl)propyl]-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1h-pyrrole-3-carboxamide
h 2545
CHEMBL15649
93799-37-2
1h-pyrrole-3-carboxamide, n-(3-(1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-2h-isoindol-2-yl)propyl)-2,5-dihydro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-
p30k57lqlk ,
h-2545
a 2545
unii-p30k57lqlk
a-2545 ,
SCHEMBL7358859
a2-545
Q27286052
DTXSID80878507
PD161416

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Prevention of the acute adverse effects of doxorubicin on myocardium may hinder the later development of cardiomyopathy."( Prevention of doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity by an experimental antioxidant compound.
Czopf, L; Deres, P; Habon, T; Halmosi, R; Hideg, K; Kalai, T; Kovacs, K; Palfi, A; Sumegi, B; Toth, A; Toth, K, 2005)		0.33
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (10)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID216900Mean surviving fraction of V79 cells following a 12-Gy dose of radiation.1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 41, Issue:18
Studies of structure-activity relationship of nitroxide free radicals and their precursors as modifiers against oxidative damage.
AID188759Tested for incidence of arrhythmias in rats after a intravenal administration of 2 mg/kg expressed as no. of positive cases out of no. of tested cases (10)1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 29, Issue:7
New antiarrhythmic agents. 2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-3-pyrroline-3-carboxamides and 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamindes.
AID173637Effective dose against aconitine-induced arrhythmia after intravenal administration in anesthetized rats1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 29, Issue:7
New antiarrhythmic agents. 2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-3-pyrroline-3-carboxamides and 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamindes.
AID235612Therapeutic index calculated as the ratio of LD50 in mice to ED 150 in rat when administered intravenously1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 29, Issue:7
New antiarrhythmic agents. 2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-3-pyrroline-3-carboxamides and 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamindes.
AID216890Mean surviving fraction of V79 cells following a 1-h exposure to H2O2.1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-27, Volume: 41, Issue:18
Studies of structure-activity relationship of nitroxide free radicals and their precursors as modifiers against oxidative damage.
AID189551Relative potency with reference to quinidine1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 29, Issue:7
New antiarrhythmic agents. 2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-3-pyrroline-3-carboxamides and 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamindes.
AID74898Amount of ouabain needed for production of ventricular extra-systoles at a dose of 2 mg/kg (iv given 5 min prior) in guinea pig1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 29, Issue:7
New antiarrhythmic agents. 2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-3-pyrroline-3-carboxamides and 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamindes.
AID74895Amount of ouabain needed for production of ventricular arrhythmias that causes death in guinea pig by cardiac arrest at a dose of 2 mg/kg iv given 5 min prior1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 29, Issue:7
New antiarrhythmic agents. 2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-3-pyrroline-3-carboxamides and 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamindes.
AID74901Amount of ouabain needed for production of ventricular fibrillation at a dose of 2 mg/kg (iv given 5 min prior) in guinea pig1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 29, Issue:7
New antiarrhythmic agents. 2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-3-pyrroline-3-carboxamides and 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamindes.
AID116724Acute toxicity determined after intravenal administration in mice1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 29, Issue:7
New antiarrhythmic agents. 2,2,5,5-Tetramethyl-3-pyrroline-3-carboxamides and 2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamindes.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (9)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19901 (11.11)18.7374
1990's4 (44.44)18.2507
2000's4 (44.44)29.6817
2010's0 (0.00)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 18.95

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index18.95 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.40 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.82 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index15.26 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index3.00 (0.95)

This Compound (18.95)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1 (11.11%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other8 (88.89%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
dihydrolipoamide
[no description available]		2.0210dithiol;
monocarboxylic acid amide		cofactor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thioctic acid
Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.		2.0210dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid		fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation.		1.99101-pyrroline nitronesneuroprotective agent;
spin trapping reagent
buspirone
Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.		3.3811azaspiro compound;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
piperidones;
pyrimidines		anxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
carvedilol
[no description available]		2.4220carbazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
flecainide
Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		1.9910aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		1.9610benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
mexiletine
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.		2.6830aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
sotalol
Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		210ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
sulfonamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
tempol-h
TEMPOL-H: hydroxylamine (protonated, reduced) form of TEMPOL; a N-hydroxyl form of LASTAR A; TEMPOL is paramagnetic radical used in NMR as SPIN LABELS whereas TEMPOL-H is not. 4-hydroxy-TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is TEMPO carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4. It is a radical scavenger which exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.		1.9910
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		2.0210adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		4.4851pyrrole;
secondary amine
methylphenazonium methosulfate
Methylphenazonium Methosulfate: Used as an electron carrier in place of the flavine enzyme of Warburg in the hexosemonophosphate system and also in the preparation of SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE.		210azaheterocycle sulfate salt;
phenazines
tempidon
2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinone: structure in first source		1.9910piperidones
tocainide
Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		1.9610monocarboxylic acid amideanti-arrhythmia drug;
local anaesthetic;
sodium channel blocker
lastar a
lastar A: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9910
proxyl nitroxide
proxyl nitroxide: structure		1.9910aminoxyls;
pyrrolidines		radical scavenger
1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidine
[no description available]		1.9910
3-hydroxymethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-n-oxyl
3-hydroxymethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-N-oxyl: a blood–brain barrier-permeative, redox-senstitive probe in electron paramagnetic resonance imaging		1.9910
tempol
[no description available]		1.9910aminoxyls;
hydroxypiperidine		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
catalyst;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		1.9610cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy-3-carboxylic acid
2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy-3-carboxylic acid: structure given in first source		1.9910aminoxyls;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid
triacetoneamine-n-oxyl
Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl: Cyclic N-oxide radical functioning as a spin label and radiation-sensitizing agent.. 4-oxo-TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is TEMPO carrying an oxo group at position 4.		1.9910aminoxyls;
piperidones		radical scavenger
3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyl-n-oxyl
3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyl-N-oxyl: structure given in first source		1.9910aminoxyls;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide
3-carbamoyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrroline-1-yloxyl
[no description available]		1.9910
tempo
TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.		1.9910aminoxyls;
piperidines		catalyst;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
radical scavenger
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		210
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		02.3820
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		02.3820
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		02.0110
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		02.0110
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		02.0110
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		02.0110
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