1,2,4-triazine profile

## 1,2,4-Triazine: An Important Heterocycle in Research

1,2,4-triazine is a six-membered heterocyclic compound containing three nitrogen atoms. Its structure can be represented as:

![1,2,4-Triazine structure](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/1%2C2%2C4-Triazine.svg/200px-1%2C2%2C4-Triazine.svg.png)

This relatively simple molecule exhibits significant potential in various research fields due to its versatility and unique properties. Here's why:

**1. Versatile Synthesis Platform:**

* **Versatile Reactivity:** 1,2,4-triazine serves as a building block for synthesizing diverse compounds. Its reactivity allows for modifications at various positions, leading to a wide range of derivatives.
* **Easy Functionalization:** The ring's nitrogen atoms are highly reactive, enabling easy introduction of various functional groups, including amines, alkyl halides, and carboxylic acids.

**2. Potential in Drug Discovery:**

* **Pharmacological Activity:** 1,2,4-triazines have shown promising pharmacological activity in various applications, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-bacterial agents.
* **Targeting Specific Pathways:** The versatility in functionalization allows the creation of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives that can target specific pathways, contributing to more effective drug design.

**3. Applications in Materials Science:**

* **Luminescent Properties:** Some 1,2,4-triazine derivatives exhibit fluorescence, making them suitable for use in optical devices, sensors, and bioimaging.
* **Electronic Properties:** Their electronic properties, including conductivity and redox activity, are being investigated for potential applications in organic electronics and solar energy.

**4. Agricultural Research:**

* **Pesticide and Herbicide Development:** 1,2,4-triazines are commonly found in pesticides and herbicides, offering effective control of various pests and weeds.
* **Crop Protection:** Research explores new derivatives for improved crop protection while minimizing environmental impact.

**5. Research into Diverse Applications:**

* **Dye Synthesis:** 1,2,4-triazines are utilized as intermediates in the synthesis of various dyes and pigments.
* **Metal Coordination:** The nitrogen atoms can coordinate with metal ions, leading to complexes with unique properties relevant to catalysis and materials science.

Overall, 1,2,4-triazine represents a versatile heterocyclic system with enormous potential for research across various disciplines. Its inherent reactivity, ease of functionalization, and diverse biological activities make it an attractive target for creating novel molecules with exciting properties.

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	67520
CHEBI ID	38057
MeSH ID	M0246431

Synonym
as-triazine
CHEBI:38057
inchi=1/c3h3n3/c1-2-5-6-3-4-1/h1-3
1,2,4-triazine
290-38-0
AKOS006286514
DTXSID50183190
ZB0702
[1,2,4]triazine
Q27117363
SB36408
CS-0450545
mfcd07186237
SY291601

Class	Description
triazine	Any of three isomers generated by replacing three of the carbon atoms of benzene with nitrogen atoms.
1,2,4-triazines	Any compound with a 1,2,4-triazine skeleton, in which nitrogen atoms replace carbon at positions 1, 2 and 4 of the core benzene ring structure.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	4 (4.94)	18.7374
1990's	1 (1.23)	18.2507
2000's	13 (16.05)	29.6817
2010's	47 (58.02)	24.3611
2020's	16 (19.75)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	2 (2.44%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	80 (97.56%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	2.1	1	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
cytosine [no description available]	7.21	1	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	7.01	1	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	2.06	1	imidazole
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	2.11	1	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
pyrazole 1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole.	7.51	2	pyrazole
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	7.05	1	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	2.63	3	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	2.05	1	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	2.11	1	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
kojic acid [no description available]	7.6	1	4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	2.05	1	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.	2.13	1	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
piperazine [no description available]	7.1	1	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
linsidomine linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.13	1	morpholines
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	2.1	1	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
5-azauracil 5-azauracil: structure given in first source	1.93	1
carbazole carbazole: structure in first source	7.13	1	carbazole
diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure	2.6	1	aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative
benzothiazole benzothiazole: structure. benzothiazole : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles.	7.15	1	benzothiazoles	environmental contaminant; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
phenylhydrazine [no description available]	2.05	1	phenylhydrazines	xenobiotic
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.51	2	pyrrole; secondary amine
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	2.25	1	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
piperidine [no description available]	2.05	1	azacycloalkane; piperidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; secondary amine	base; catalyst; human metabolite; non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; protic solvent; reagent
thiazoles [no description available]	2.87	3	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.	7.05	1	diazine; pyrimidines	Daphnia magna metabolite
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.04	1	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	2.11	1	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	2.05	1	titanium group element atom
zirconium oxychloride zirconium oxychloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zirconyl chloride : A zirconium coordination entity consisting of zirconium(IV) bound to oxygen via a double bond and to two chlorines.	2.05	1
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.11	1	benzenes; phenyl acetates
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	2.08	1	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
metamitron metamitron : A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 4, a methyl group at position 3 and a phenyl group at position 6.	2.13	1	1,2,4-triazines	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.03	1	1,2,3-triazole
1h-tetrazole tetrazole : An azaarene that is a five-membered ring composed of 4 nitrogen and 1 carbon atom.. 2H-tetrazole : A tetrazole tautomer where the proton is located on the 2 position.	2.08	1	one-carbon compound; tetrazole
azauracil azauracil: minor descriptor (64-72); major descriptor (73-86); on line search URACIL (66-74); URACIL/AA (75-86); INDEX MEDICUS search URACIL (64-72); AZAURACIL (73-86). 6-azauracil : A 1,2,4-triazine compound having oxo-substituents at the 3- and 5-positions.	2.63	3	1,2,4-triazines; nucleobase analogue	antimetabolite
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	7.11	1	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.11	1	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
imidazolone imidazolone: a reaction product of arginine with 3-deoxyglucosone which markedly accumulates in uremic serum; structure in first source	2.03	1	organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.05	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	2.31	1
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	7.31	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.76	2
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.76	2
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	2.6	1
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2.69	2
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2.69	2
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	4.19	5
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	4.19	5
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.31	1
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	7.31	1
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	2.31	1
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.31	1
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.31	1
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	2.82	3
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	7.82	3
Anasarca [description not available]	2.49	2
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	2.49	2
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.1	1
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.1	1
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	2.1	1
Breast Cancer [description not available]	7.51	2
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.51	2
Amyloid Deposits [description not available]	2.11	1
Protein Aggregation, Pathological A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.	2.11	1
Metastase [description not available]	2.05	1
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	2.05	1
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	2.05	1
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	2.05	1
Myeloproliferative Disorders Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.	2.06	1
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	1.98	1
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	1.98	1

1,2,4-triazine

Cross-References

Synonyms (14)

Drug Classes (2)

Research

Studies (81)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 40.45

Study Types