Page last updated: 2024-12-08

bazedoxifene

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID154257
CHEMBL ID46740
CHEBI ID135947
SCHEMBL ID41935
MeSH IDM0535317

Synonyms (50)

Synonym
bazedoxifene
CHEBI:135947
CHEMBL46740 ,
1-[[4-[2-(azepan-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylindol-5-ol
bdbm50099585
1-[4-(2-azepan-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-1h-indol-5-ol
1-(4-(2-(azepan-1-yl)ethoxy)benzyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1h-indol-5-ol
us8815934, no. 98
bazedoxifeno [inn-spanish]
198481-32-2
1h-indol-5-ol, 1-((4-(2-(hexahydro-1h-azepin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)methyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-
bazedoxifene [inn]
1-((4-(2-hexahydro-1h-azepin-1-yl)ethoxy)phenyl)methyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1h-indol-5-ol
way 140424
bazedoxifeno
unii-q16tt9c5bk
q16tt9c5bk ,
HY-A0031
bazedoxifene [vandf]
bazedoxifene [who-dd]
ak-r215 component bazedoxifene
bazedoxifene [mi]
bazedoxifene [ema epar]
1-(p-(2-(hexahydro-1h-azepin-1-yl)ethoxy)benzyl)-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylindol-5-ol
ak r215 component bazedoxifene
CS-0932
gtpl7355
SCHEMBL41935
UCJGJABZCDBEDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
1-[[4-[2-(azepan-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-indol-5-ol
AB01566901_01
DTXSID70173593
DB06401
AKOS030255808
1h-indol-5-ol, 1-[[4-[2-(hexahydro-1h-azepin-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-
J-012822
A15019
1-{4-[2-(azepan-1-yl)ethoxy]benzyl}-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1h-indol-5-ol
Q4875166
198481-32-2 (free base)
bazedoxifene free base
SB19326
D94589
EX-A5409
A879977
AS-78494
nsc823462
nsc-823462
1-({4-[2-(azepan-1-yl)ethoxy]phenyl}methyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1h-indol-5-ol
EN300-20600169

Research Excerpts

Overview

Bazedoxifene (BZA) is a third-generation selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator and selective ER degrader with activity in preclinical models of endocrine-resistant breast cancer, including models harboring ESR1 mutations. It is an effective drug for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Bazedoxifene is a third-generation selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator and selective ER degrader with activity in preclinical models of endocrine-resistant breast cancer, including models harboring ESR1 mutations."( Clinical Efficacy and Whole-Exome Sequencing of Liquid Biopsies in a Phase IB/II Study of Bazedoxifene and Palbociclib in Advanced Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.
Anderson, L; Cibulskis, C; Coorens, T; Getz, G; Grinshpun, A; Jeselsohn, R; Krop, IE; Lennon, NJ; Leshchiner, I; Li, T; McDonnell, DP; Nardone, A; Patterson, C; Rees, R; Russo, D; Stewart, C; Tayob, N; Tolaney, SM; Tsuji, J; Tung, N; Winer, EP, 2022
)
1.66
"Bazedoxifene (BZA) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator identified in a novel high-throughput unbiased screen for its remyelinating potential, and its remyelinating effects were demonstrated in pre-clinical models."( Re-WRAP (Remyelination for women at risk of axonal loss and progression): A phase II randomized placebo-controlled delayed-start trial of bazedoxifene for myelin repair in multiple sclerosis.
Anderson, A; Bove, R; Green, A; Hsu, S; Lazar, AA; Mayoral, SR; Nylander, A; Pease-Raissi, SE; Rowles, W, 2023
)
1.83
"Bazedoxifene is an effective drug for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. "( Bazedoxifene effects on osteoprotegerin, insulin-like growth factor, tumor necrosis factor and bone mineral density.
Chai, Z; Hu, Q; Ma, Y; Ren, L, 2020
)
3.44
"Bazedoxifene is an attractive novel therapeutic reagent for atherosclerosis diseases."( Bazedoxifene exhibits anti-inflammation and anti-atherosclerotic effects via inhibition of IL-6/IL-6R/STAT3 signaling.
Guo, J; Huo, S; Li, C; Li, S; Lin, J; Lin, L; Liu, T; Luo, P; Lv, J; Ma, H; Shi, W; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Yan, D; Zhang, C; Zhao, C, 2021
)
2.79
"Bazedoxifene is a new IL6/GP130 inhibitor recommended by the FDA for clinical use as a selective estrogen receptor modulator."( Bazedoxifene Plays a Protective Role against Inflammatory Injury of Endothelial Cells by Targeting CD40.
Guo, R; Huang, P; Lv, Y; Nie, F; Pei, Q; Song, W; Tang, Z, 2020
)
2.72
"Bazedoxifene (BZA) is a synthetic selective estrogen receptor modulator, approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women."( A comprehensive review on anticancer mechanism of bazedoxifene.
Iqbal, A; Irfan, M; Khan, M; Li, Y; Ma, T; Maqbool, MF; Maryam, A; Shakir, HA; Zafar, E, 2022
)
1.7
"Bazedoxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that has estrogen agonist effects on bone and lipid metabolism while having neutral or estrogen antagonist effects on the breast and endometrium. "( Pharmacokinetics, Dose Proportionality, and Bioavailability of Bazedoxifene in Healthy Postmenopausal Women.
McKeand, W, 2017
)
2.14
"Bazedoxifene is an estrogen receptor agonist in bone but an antagonist/degrader in the endometrium, which has contributed to its success as a TSEC component."( Tissue selective estrogen complex (TSEC): a review.
Boucher, M; Morgenstern, D; Pickar, JH, 2018
)
1.2
"Bazedoxifene (BZA) is a third-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and has been investigated as a treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis."( Bazedoxifene protects cerebral autoregulation after traumatic brain injury and attenuates impairments in blood-brain barrier damage: involvement of anti-inflammatory pathways by blocking MAPK signaling.
Ding, Y; Lan, YL; Lou, JC; Ma, BB; Wang, X; Xing, JS; Zhang, B; Zou, S; Zou, YJ, 2019
)
2.68
"Bazedoxifene acetate (BZA) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that is approved in a number of countries for the prevention and/or treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. "( Renal tumors in male rats following long-term administration of bazedoxifene, a tissue-selective estrogen receptor modulator.
Bailey, S; Cukierski, MA; Earnhardt, JN; Komm, B; Perry, R; Thompson, CA; Wright, DJ, 2013
)
2.07
"Bazedoxifene is a third-generation Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator, developed on raloxifene's model, and investigated as treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis and menopause management. "( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of bazedoxifene for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Gatti, D; Lello, S; Rossini, M; Sblendorio, I, 2013
)
2.12
"Bazedoxifene appears to be a cost-effective strategy compared to raloxifene for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporotic women in Europe, particularly in patients at high fracture risk."( Comparative cost-effectiveness of bazedoxifene and raloxifene in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in Europe, using the FRAX algorithm.
Kanis, JA; Kim, K; Luo, X; Sutradhar, S; Svedbom, A, 2014
)
2.12
"Bazedoxifene (BZA) is a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator in clinical development for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. "( The effects of bazedoxifene in the ovariectomized aged cynomolgus monkey.
Chouinard, L; Jolette, J; Komm, BS; Smith, SY, 2015
)
2.21
"Bazedoxifene is a third-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used for osteoporosis management in postmenopausal women at fracture risk that has demonstrated a powerful antiestrogenic effect on the endometrium."( Bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens combination for the treatment of the vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause and for prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Mejía Ríos, A; Palacios, S, 2015
)
2.58
"Bazedoxifene (BZA) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that has been shown to prevent and treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. "( The effects of bazedoxifene on bone structural strength evaluated by hip structure analysis.
Beck, TJ; Chines, AA; Fuerst, T; Gaither, KW; Hines, T; Levine, AB; Mirkin, S; Sutradhar, S; Williams, R; Yu, CR, 2015
)
2.21
"Bazedoxifene (BZA) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that reduces fracture risk and bone turnover in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. "( Efficacy and tolerability of bazedoxifene in Mexican women with osteoporosis: a subgroup analysis of a randomized phase 3 trial.
Arias, L; Komm, BS; Mirkin, S; Palacios, S; Pan, K; Williams, R, 2016
)
2.17
"Bazedoxifene is a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator in clinical development for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. "( A double-blind, randomized, ascending, multiple-dose study of bazedoxifene in healthy postmenopausal women.
Chines, AA; Ermer, JC; McKeand, WE; Orczyk, GP, 2014
)
2.09
"Bazedoxifene is a SERM that is being clinically evaluated both as a monotherapy for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and in combination with conjugated estrogens (CEs) for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and prevention of osteoporosis."( Effects of various selective estrogen receptor modulators with or without conjugated estrogens on mouse mammary gland.
Crabtree, JS; Harris, HA; Komm, BS; Peano, BJ; Winneker, RC, 2009
)
1.07
"Bazedoxifene is a third-generation selective estrogen-receptor modulator being developed for use alone or in combination with estrogen for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. "( Bazedoxifene: a selective estrogen-receptor modulator.
Mitwally, MF, 2008
)
3.23
"Bazedoxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator under development for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. "( Metabolic disposition of [14C]bazedoxifene in healthy postmenopausal women.
Chandrasekaran, A; DeMaio, W; McKeand, WE; Scatina, J; Stoltz, R; Sullivan, P, 2009
)
2.08
"Bazedoxifene is a novel SERM under clinical investigation for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis."( Bazedoxifene: a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
de Villiers, TJ, 2010
)
2.52
"Bazedoxifene is a novel SERM that was recently approved in the European Union and is undergoing regulatory review in the United States for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis."( Efficacy and safety of bazedoxifene, a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Palacios, S, 2010
)
1.39
"Bazedoxifene is a new-generation SERM with a novel chemical structure, which has been developed to provide improved efficacy on the bone and the lipid profile, as well as improved safety for breast and endometrial tissues. "( [Bazedoxifene as a new-generation SERM].
Ohta, H, 2011
)
2.72
"Bazedoxifene acetate is a new, third-generation, selective estrogen receptor modulator."( Bazedoxifene acetate for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Palacios, S, 2011
)
2.53
"Bazedoxifene Acetate (BZA) is a third-generation SERM that showed to protect bone mass in postmenopausal women with osteopenia, and to reduce vertebral fracture risk in osteoporotic postmenopausal women; moreover, BZA decreased the non-vertebral fracture risk in a subgroup of patients at high-risk for fracture in comparison to placebo."( [Selective estrogen receptor modulators: focus on bazedoxifene].
Lello, S, 2011
)
1.34
"Bazedoxifene is a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator with a unique tissue-selectivity profile."( Bazedoxifene: a new selective estrogen receptor modulator for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Genant, HK, 2011
)
2.53
"Bazedoxifene (BZA) is a third-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that has been approved for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. "( The selective estrogen receptor modulator bazedoxifene inhibits hormone-independent breast cancer cell growth and down-regulates estrogen receptor α and cyclin D1.
Curpan, R; Grigg, R; Jordan, VC; Kim, H; Lewis-Wambi, JS; Sarker, MA, 2011
)
2.08
"Bazedoxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that has been developed for use in post-menopausal osteoporosis. "( In vitro bioactivation of bazedoxifene and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1H-indol-5-ol in human liver microsomes.
Lušin, TT; Mrhar, A; Peterlin-Mašič, L; Tomašić, T; Trontelj, J, 2012
)
2.12
"Bazedoxifene Acetate (BZA) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that is approved for the prevention and/or treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. "( Carcinogenicity and hormone studies with the tissue-selective estrogen receptor modulator bazadoxifene.
Bailey, S; Cukierski, MA; Earnhardt, JN; Komm, B; Minck, DR; Perry, R; Wright, DJ, 2013
)
1.83
"Bazedoxifene is a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. "( Cost-effectiveness of bazedoxifene compared with raloxifene in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporotic women.
Ben Sedrine, W; Hiligsmann, M; Reginster, JY, 2013
)
2.15
"Bazedoxifene is a tissue-specific selective estrogen receptor modulator being developed by Wyeth Pharmaceuticals (formerly Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories) to be used alone for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and in combination with Premarin for menopausal symptoms. "( Bazedoxifene (Wyeth).
Gruber, C; Gruber, D, 2004
)
3.21
"Bazedoxifene is a third-generation SERM currently in Phase III clinical trials. "( Bazedoxifene: a third-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Kelley, KW; Stump, AL; Wensel, TM, 2007
)
3.23
"Bazedoxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) currently in development for osteoporosis prevention and treatment."( Update on bazedoxifene: a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator.
Biskobing, DM, 2007
)
1.46
"Bazedoxifene is a third-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that is being developed by Ligand Pharmaceuticals in collaboration with Wyeth. "( Bazedoxifene: bazedoxifene acetate, TSE 424, TSE-424, WAY 140424.
, 2008
)
3.23

Effects

Bazedoxifene (BAZ) has been proven to have anti-inflammatory effects. In combination with oral conjugated equine estrogens, improves the signs and symptoms of VVA. BazedOxifene has been shown to significantly decrease the risk of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Bazedoxifene has recently been reported to inhibit inflammation and alleviate blood-brain barrier disruption caused by traumatic brain injury."( Biodegradable bilayer hydrogel membranes loaded with bazedoxifene attenuate blood-spinal cord barrier disruption via the NF-κB pathway after acute spinal cord injury.
Baokun, Z; Erzhu, Y; Jianguang, X; Qiang, S; Xiaofeng, L; Xin, W; Zhiheng, C, 2023
)
1.88
"Bazedoxifene (BAZ) has been proven to have anti-inflammatory effects."( Bazedoxifene attenuates intestinal injury in sepsis by suppressing the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathways.
Duan, XB; Gao, G; Guo, R; Li, D; Li, X; Ning, W; Zhang, X; Zhou, Y, 2023
)
3.07
"Bazedoxifene has no demonstrated efficacy for VVA but, in combination with oral conjugated equine estrogens, improves the signs and symptoms of VVA."( Clinical effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators on vulvar and vaginal atrophy.
Pinkerton, JV; Stanczyk, FZ, 2014
)
1.12
"Bazedoxifene has been found to be efficacious in reducing bone turnover without adverse effects of breast pain."( Bazedoxifene: a selective estrogen-receptor modulator.
Mitwally, MF, 2008
)
2.51
"Bazedoxifene has been shown to significantly decrease the risk of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women. "( Bazedoxifene reduces vertebral and clinical fractures in postmenopausal women at high risk assessed with FRAX.
Johansson, H; Kanis, JA; McCloskey, EV; Oden, A, 2009
)
3.24
"Bazedoxifene has demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability profile with no significant differences observed among the treatment groups in coronary artery events, cerebrovascular events, and overall death rates."( [Bazedoxifene as a new-generation SERM].
Ohta, H, 2011
)
2
"Bazedoxifene has been shown to be safe and well tolerated, with no evidence of endometrial or breast stimulation."( Bazedoxifene: a new selective estrogen receptor modulator for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Genant, HK, 2011
)
2.53
"Bazedoxifene has shown significant reductions in vertebral and non-vertebral (in higher-risk women) fracture risk, with no evidence of breast or endometrial stimulation."( An update on selective estrogen receptor modulators for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Chines, AA; Komm, BS, 2012
)
1.1
"Bazedoxifene 20 mg has been associated with a significant reduction in the risk of non-vertebral fracture versus placebo and raloxifene 60 mg in women at higher baseline fracture risk."( The evolution of selective estrogen receptor modulators in osteoporosis therapy.
Hadji, P, 2012
)
1.1

Actions

Bazedoxifene may inhibit the proliferation and migration of VSMCs through up-regulate the autophagy level after PDGF-BB stimulation. It did not inhibit the growth of HUVECs while suppressing the proliferation of VS MCs.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Bazedoxifene may inhibit the proliferation and migration of VSMCs through up-regulate the autophagy level after PDGF-BB stimulation."( Bazedoxifene inhibits PDGF-BB induced VSMC phenotypic switch via regulating the autophagy level.
Gao, K; Guo, R; Huang, P; Jia, S; Nie, F; Song, W; Tang, Z, 2020
)
2.72
"Bazedoxifene did not inhibit the growth of HUVECs while suppressing the proliferation of VSMCs."( Bazedoxifene exhibits anti-inflammation and anti-atherosclerotic effects via inhibition of IL-6/IL-6R/STAT3 signaling.
Guo, J; Huo, S; Li, C; Li, S; Lin, J; Lin, L; Liu, T; Luo, P; Lv, J; Ma, H; Shi, W; Wang, M; Wang, Y; Yan, D; Zhang, C; Zhao, C, 2021
)
2.79

Treatment

Bazedoxifene treatment effectively prevents the Hcy-induced detrimental reactions of osteoblasts. Treatment with bazedox ifene for 2 years did not affect age-related changes in breast density in this population of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Upon Bazedoxifene treatment, haemoglobin levels of HHT patients increased and the quantity and frequency of epistaxis decreased."( Bazedoxifene, a new orphan drug for the treatment of bleeding in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Albiñana, V; Bernabéu, C; Botella, LM; Ojeda-Fernandez, L; Parra, JA; Recio, L; Zarrabeitia, R, 2016
)
2.33
"Bazedoxifene treatment effectively prevents the Hcy-induced detrimental reactions of osteoblasts."( Bazedoxifene Ameliorates Homocysteine-Induced Apoptosis and Accumulation of Advanced Glycation End Products by Reducing Oxidative Stress in MC3T3-E1 Cells.
Kanazawa, I; Miyazaki, S; Ozawa, E; Sugimoto, T; Tomita, T; Yamamoto, LA, 2017
)
2.62
"Bazedoxifene treatment at 2.5-20 mg/d resulted in mean changes from baseline in endometrial thickness that were no different than those seen with placebo treatment. "( Endometrial effects of bazedoxifene acetate, a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator, in postmenopausal women.
Archer, DF; Baracat, E; Constantine, G; Northington, R; Nunes, MG; Pickar, JH; Ronkin, S, 2005
)
2.08
"Treatment with bazedoxifene increased the sialic acids in plasma cells in a similar manner to E2 but did not reach statistical significance."( Bazedoxifene does not share estrogens effects on IgG sialylation.
Carlsten, H; Engdahl, C; Gupta, P; Henning, P; Horkeby, K, 2023
)
2.69
"Treatment with bazedoxifene ameliorated Hcy-induced suppression of Lox expression and increase in pentosidine accumulation."( Bazedoxifene Ameliorates Homocysteine-Induced Apoptosis and Accumulation of Advanced Glycation End Products by Reducing Oxidative Stress in MC3T3-E1 Cells.
Kanazawa, I; Miyazaki, S; Ozawa, E; Sugimoto, T; Tomita, T; Yamamoto, LA, 2017
)
2.24
"Treatment with bazedoxifene for 2 years did not affect age-related changes in breast density in this population of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. "( The effects of bazedoxifene on mammographic breast density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
Guse, PA; Harvey, JA; Helzner, E; Holm, MK; Ranganath, R; Trott, EA,
)
0.84

Toxicity

Two global, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled, phase-3 studies. Bazedoxifene significantly increased bone mineral density and reduced bone turnover versus placebo. Although there were no severe adverse events in this study, bazedox ifene use in patients with hepatic impairment is not recommended.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Hot flushes, breast pain, vaginal atrophy, metabolic parameters, and adverse events."( Evaluation of bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and effects on metabolic parameters and overall safety profile.
Constantine, G; Dorin, MH; Gass, MLS; Lobo, RA; Pickar, JH; Pinkerton, JV; Ronkin, S, 2009
)
0.71
" The incidences of breast pain and adverse events were similar between BZA/CE and placebo."( Evaluation of bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and effects on metabolic parameters and overall safety profile.
Constantine, G; Dorin, MH; Gass, MLS; Lobo, RA; Pickar, JH; Pinkerton, JV; Ronkin, S, 2009
)
0.71
"45 mg) is an effective and safe treatment for menopausal symptoms."( Evaluation of bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and effects on metabolic parameters and overall safety profile.
Constantine, G; Dorin, MH; Gass, MLS; Lobo, RA; Pickar, JH; Pinkerton, JV; Ronkin, S, 2009
)
0.71
" Bazedoxifene was generally safe and well-tolerated in women with and at risk for osteoporosis, with no evidence of endometrial or breast stimulation."( Efficacy and safety of bazedoxifene, a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Palacios, S, 2010
)
1.58
" Overall, the 5-year incidence of adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and discontinuations due to AEs were similar among groups."( Safety and tolerability of bazedoxifene in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: results of a 5-year, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.
Brown, JP; Chines, AA; Codreanu, C; de Villiers, TJ; Kelepouris, N; Levine, AB; Lips, P; Palacios, S; Sawicki, AZ, 2011
)
0.67
" Bazedoxifene was safe and well tolerated."( Efficacy and safety of bazedoxifene in postmenopausal Asian women.
Chines, AA; Constantine, GD; Kim, GS; Tsai, KS; Vincendon, P; Wu, Y; Xu, L, 2011
)
1.59
" Safety assessments included adverse event (AE) reporting and physical/gynecologic examination."( Efficacy and safety of bazedoxifene in postmenopausal Asian women.
Chines, AA; Constantine, GD; Kim, GS; Tsai, KS; Vincendon, P; Wu, Y; Xu, L, 2011
)
0.68
"Bazedoxifene was generally safe and effective in preventing bone loss in this short-term study of postmenopausal Asian women."( Efficacy and safety of bazedoxifene in postmenopausal Asian women.
Chines, AA; Constantine, GD; Kim, GS; Tsai, KS; Vincendon, P; Wu, Y; Xu, L, 2011
)
2.12
" Safety and tolerability were assessed by adverse event (AE) reporting and routine physical, gynecologic, and breast examination."( Safety of bazedoxifene in a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled Phase 3 study of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
Adachi, JD; Brown, JP; Chesnut, CH; Chines, AA; Christiansen, C; Constantine, GD; Fernandes, CE; Kung, AW; Levine, AB; Palacios, S, 2010
)
0.76
" Overall, the incidence of adverse events with bazedoxifene 20 and 40 mg was similar to that with placebo."( Effects of bazedoxifene on bone mineral density, bone turnover, and safety in postmenopausal Japanese women with osteoporosis.
Chines, AA; Constantine, GD; Gorai, I; Itabashi, A; Miki, T; Mizunuma, H; Ochi, H; Ohta, H; Sato, H; Sugimoto, T; Takada, M; Yoh, K, 2011
)
1.02
" Bazedoxifene significantly increased bone mineral density and reduced bone turnover versus placebo and was generally safe and well tolerated."( Sustained efficacy and safety of bazedoxifene in preventing fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: results of a 5-year, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Adachi, JD; Chines, AA; Constantine, GD; Felsenberg, D; Kendler, DL; Kung, AW; Mairon, N; Silverman, SL; Teglbjærg, CS, 2012
)
1.57
"05) and was generally safe and well tolerated."( Sustained efficacy and safety of bazedoxifene in preventing fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: results of a 5-year, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Adachi, JD; Chines, AA; Constantine, GD; Felsenberg, D; Kendler, DL; Kung, AW; Mairon, N; Silverman, SL; Teglbjærg, CS, 2012
)
0.66
" BZA/CE treatment was generally safe and well tolerated."( Effects of bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens on endometrial safety and bone in postmenopausal women.
Chines, AA; Komm, BS; Mirkin, S; Pan, K, 2013
)
0.78
" Adverse events (AEs) were recorded throughout the study."( Assessment of the safety of long-term bazedoxifene treatment on the reproductive tract in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: results of a 7-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study.
Chines, AA; de Villiers, TJ; Hines, T; Levine, AB; Mirkin, S; Nardone, Fde C; Palacios, S; Williams, R, 2013
)
0.66
"Two global, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled, phase-3 studies (2-year prevention (n = 1583) and 3-year treatment (n = 7492)) have shown that bazedoxifene (BZA) is safe and effective for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis."( The efficacy and safety of bazedoxifene in postmenopausal women by baseline kidney function status.
Adami, S; Chines, AA; Levine, AB; Palacios, S; Rizzoli, R; Sutradhar, S, 2014
)
0.9
" There were no significant differences among treatment groups in incidences of overall, serious, or renal-related adverse events across GFR subgroups."( The efficacy and safety of bazedoxifene in postmenopausal women by baseline kidney function status.
Adami, S; Chines, AA; Levine, AB; Palacios, S; Rizzoli, R; Sutradhar, S, 2014
)
0.7
" Bazedoxifene showed a favorable safety/tolerability profile across 7 years, with similar adverse events, serious adverse events, and study discontinuations in all groups."( A 7-year randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessing the long-term efficacy and safety of bazedoxifene in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: effects on bone density and fracture.
Brown, JP; Chines, AA; De Cicco Nardone, F; de Villiers, TJ; Goemaere, S; Hines, TL; Levine, AB; Mirkin, S; Palacios, S; Silverman, SL; Williams, R, 2015
)
1.55
" Gynecologic safety was evaluated by pelvic examination, Papanicolaou smear, endometrial biopsy, transvaginal ultrasound, mammogram, adverse events, and diary records of vaginal bleeding and breast pain/tenderness."( Gynecologic Safety of Conjugated Estrogens Plus Bazedoxifene: Pooled Analysis of Five Phase 3 Trials.
Archer, DF; Kagan, R; Komm, BS; Mirkin, S; Pan, K; Pickar, JH; Pinkerton, JV; Thompson, JR, 2016
)
0.69
" Common adverse events included pain and flu syndrome."( Efficacy and safety of bazedoxifene in postmenopausal Latino women with osteoporosis.
Arias, L; Bueno, JAH; Komm, BS; Williams, R; Yu, CR, 2017
)
0.77
" Bazedoxifene intervention results in no increase in adverse events (RR = 1."( Efficacy and safety of bazedoxifene in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Lu, H; Luo, Q; Peng, L, 2017
)
1.68
"Compared with placebo intervention for the osteoporosis of postmenopausal women, bazedoxifene intervention is found to significantly reduce the incidence of vertebral fracture and increase spine BMD at 3 and 7 years, and results in no increase in adverse events, serious adverse events, myocardial infarction, stroke, venous thromboembolic event, and breast carcinoma."( Efficacy and safety of bazedoxifene in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Lu, H; Luo, Q; Peng, L, 2017
)
0.99
" Although there were no severe adverse events in this study, bazedoxifene use in patients with hepatic impairment is not recommended."( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Bazedoxifene in Hepatically Impaired and Healthy Postmenopausal Women.
Baird-Bellaire, S; Ermer, J; McKeand, W; Patat, A, 2018
)
1.01

Pharmacokinetics

Bazedoxifene displayed linear pharmacokinetics with doses ranging from 5 to 40 mg, with no unexpected accumulation. In subjects with severe (Child-Pugh C) liver impairment, bazedox ifene mean half-life was 50% longer than that of healthy subjects.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Evaluation with or without food intake was conducted at the 10-mg dose, with no clinically relevant effect on pharmacokinetic parameters."( Pharmacokinetics, Dose Proportionality, and Bioavailability of Bazedoxifene in Healthy Postmenopausal Women.
McKeand, W, 2017
)
0.69
"These pharmacokinetic evaluations in healthy postmenopausal women found that bazedoxifene displayed linear pharmacokinetics with doses ranging from 5 to 40 mg, with no unexpected accumulation."( Pharmacokinetics, Dose Proportionality, and Bioavailability of Bazedoxifene in Healthy Postmenopausal Women.
McKeand, W, 2017
)
0.92
"The purpose of this article was to evaluate the potential for a pharmacokinetic interaction between bazedoxifene and ibuprofen."( Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Study of Bazedoxifene and Ibuprofen.
Baird-Bellaire, S; Ermer, J; McKeand, W; Patat, A, 2018
)
0.96
" In subjects with severe (Child-Pugh C) liver impairment, bazedoxifene mean half-life was 50% longer than that of healthy subjects."( Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Bazedoxifene in Hepatically Impaired and Healthy Postmenopausal Women.
Baird-Bellaire, S; Ermer, J; McKeand, W; Patat, A, 2018
)
1.01
" This study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetic interactions between these two drugs and the tolerability of their combined administration in healthy male subjects."( Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Bazedoxifene and Cholecalciferol: An Open-Label, Randomized, Crossover Study in Healthy Male Volunteers.
Bae, KS; Cho, YS; Han, S; Hong, SH; Jung, J; Kim, H; Lee, MH; Lee, SH; Lim, HS; Yoon, SK, 2023
)
1.18
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the non-compartmental method."( Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Bazedoxifene and Cholecalciferol: An Open-Label, Randomized, Crossover Study in Healthy Male Volunteers.
Bae, KS; Cho, YS; Han, S; Hong, SH; Jung, J; Kim, H; Lee, MH; Lee, SH; Lim, HS; Yoon, SK, 2023
)
1.18
"A mild degree of pharmacokinetic interaction was observed when bazedoxifene and cholecalciferol were administered concomitantly to healthy male volunteers."( Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Bazedoxifene and Cholecalciferol: An Open-Label, Randomized, Crossover Study in Healthy Male Volunteers.
Bae, KS; Cho, YS; Han, S; Hong, SH; Jung, J; Kim, H; Lee, MH; Lee, SH; Lim, HS; Yoon, SK, 2023
)
1.42

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bazedoxifene combined with conjugated estrogens is an investigational tissue-selective estrogen complex. First in a new class of therapeutic agents that pairs a selective estrogen receptor modulator with estrogens.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Bazedoxifene combined with conjugated estrogens is an investigational tissue-selective estrogen complex, the first in a new class of therapeutic agents that pairs a selective estrogen receptor modulator with estrogens."( Bazedoxifene and bazedoxifene combined with conjugated estrogens for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Lewiecki, EM, 2007
)
2.69
" The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the endometrial profile of bazedoxifene acetate (BZA), a third-generation SERM, alone and in combination with conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) in a postmenopausal primate model."( Endometrial profile of bazedoxifene acetate alone and in combination with conjugated equine estrogens in a primate model.
Appt, SE; Clarkson, TB; Cline, JM; Ethun, KF; Register, TC; Wood, CE, 2013
)
0.93

Bioavailability

Bazedoxifene is a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator. It has complex pharmacokinetics with rapid absorption, high metabolic clearance, and low oral bioavailability (6%)

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The bioavailability was low (16%) after a 1 mg/kg oral dose of BZA."( Disposition of bazedoxifene in rats.
Ahmad, S; Chandrasekaran, A; DeMaio, W; Hultin, T; Scatina, J; Shen, L, 2010
)
0.71
"Bazedoxifene, a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator, has complex pharmacokinetics with rapid absorption, high metabolic clearance, low oral bioavailability (6."( Efflux and uptake transporters involved in the disposition of bazedoxifene.
Berginc, K; Kristl, A; Lušin, TT; Mrhar, A; Stieger, B; Trontelj, J, 2016
)
2.12
" The present report describes findings from 3 Phase I clinical studies that evaluated the single-dose pharmacokinetics (study 1; n = 84), multiple-dose pharmacokinetics (study 2; n = 23), and absolute bioavailability (study 3; n = 18) of bazedoxifene."( Pharmacokinetics, Dose Proportionality, and Bioavailability of Bazedoxifene in Healthy Postmenopausal Women.
McKeand, W, 2017
)
0.88
" In study 3, tablet and capsule formulations of bazedoxifene formulations had an estimated oral bioavailability of ~6%."( Pharmacokinetics, Dose Proportionality, and Bioavailability of Bazedoxifene in Healthy Postmenopausal Women.
McKeand, W, 2017
)
0.95
" Bazedoxifene had an estimated oral bioavailability of ~6% and was safe and well tolerated in the range of doses evaluated."( Pharmacokinetics, Dose Proportionality, and Bioavailability of Bazedoxifene in Healthy Postmenopausal Women.
McKeand, W, 2017
)
1.6

Dosage Studied

The study evaluated the efficacy and safety of bazedoxifene in postmenopausal Japanese women 85 years of age or younger with osteoporosis.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Factors that may contribute to poor compliance and persistence with current osteoporosis therapies include drug intolerance, complexity of dosing regimens, and poor understanding of the relative benefit and risk with treatment."( Current and emerging pharmacologic therapies for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Lewiecki, EM, 2009
)
0.35
"This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response late phase 2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of bazedoxifene in postmenopausal Japanese women 85 years of age or younger with osteoporosis."( Effects of bazedoxifene on bone mineral density, bone turnover, and safety in postmenopausal Japanese women with osteoporosis.
Chines, AA; Constantine, GD; Gorai, I; Itabashi, A; Miki, T; Mizunuma, H; Ochi, H; Ohta, H; Sato, H; Sugimoto, T; Takada, M; Yoh, K, 2011
)
0.97
"72) was observed with the higher dosage for all populations, and with the lower dosage in the VVA (-0."( Menopause-specific quality of life across varying menopausal populations with conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene.
Abraham, L; Komm, BS; Messig, M; Mirkin, S; Pinkerton, JV; Ryan, KA, 2014
)
0.62
" Therefore, in women with a uterus, it is recommended that physicians prescribe combination therapy only to treat menopausal symptoms such as vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes) and vaginal atrophy, using the smallest effective dosage for the shortest possible duration."( Hormone Therapy and Other Treatments for Symptoms of Menopause.
Crider, M; Hill, DA; Hill, SR, 2016
)
0.43
"4 years) who received a single oral dose of atorvastatin 20 mg on day 1 (period 1), multiple daily dosing of bazedoxifene 40 mg on days 4-11 (period 2), and coadministration of atorvastatin 20 mg + bazedoxifene 40 mg on day 12 (period 3)."( A Study of the Potential Interaction Between Bazedoxifene and Atorvastatin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women.
Baird-Bellaire, S; Ermer, J; McKeand, W; Patat, A, 2018
)
0.95
"Primary cultures from human umbilical artery endothelial cells were used in dose-response experiments (0."( Bazedoxifene increases the proliferation of human arterial endothelial cells but does not affect the expression of cyclins A, B, and D1 and of p27
Cano, A; Dudenko, D; García-Pérez, MÁ; Gómez, R; Tarín, JJ, 2021
)
2.06
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
phenylindole
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (5)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
PPM1D proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency32.99930.00529.466132.9993AID1347411
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency32.99930.00339.158239.8107AID1347411
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Estrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)7.93430.00000.723732.7000AID102611; AID1372349; AID256998; AID70008
Replicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2IC50 (µMol)3.44000.00022.45859.9600AID1804171
Estrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.04440.00010.529432.7000AID256999; AID70176
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (73)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STATInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STATInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagyInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT proteinInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-betaInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replicationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic processInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
defense response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasisInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine productionInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
humoral immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
antral ovarian follicle growthEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell developmentEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
chromatin remodelingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
signal transductionEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
androgen metabolic processEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
male gonad developmentEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phospholipase C activityEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathwayEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathwayEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to estradiolEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathwayEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic processEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activityEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
response to estrogenEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferationEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibroblast proliferationEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
stem cell differentiationEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of inflammatory responseEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activityEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assemblyEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
uterus developmentEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
vagina developmentEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
prostate epithelial cord elongationEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
prostate epithelial cord arborization involved in prostate glandular acinus morphogenesisEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesisEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
mammary gland branching involved in pregnancyEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
mammary gland alveolus developmentEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland duct elongationEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein localization to chromatinEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estradiol stimulusEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA transcriptionEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic processEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estrogen stimulusEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
signal transductionEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell-cell signalingEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathwayEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activityEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estradiol stimulusEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to estrogen stimulusEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (43)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
cytokine activityInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activityInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
TFIIB-class transcription factor bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
transcription coregulator bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
transcription corepressor bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activityEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
steroid bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
calmodulin bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
beta-catenin bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
TBP-class protein bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nitric-oxide synthase regulator activityEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear estrogen receptor activityEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear estrogen receptor bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
estrogen response element bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
ATPase bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA bindingEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
cysteine-type endopeptidase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
mRNA guanylyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA endonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoestersReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
ISG15-specific peptidase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
5'-3' RNA helicase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
protein guanylyltransferase activityReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear steroid receptor activityEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activityEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
steroid bindingEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear estrogen receptor activityEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
estrogen response element bindingEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
receptor antagonist activityEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (16)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
extracellular spaceInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complexEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
membraneEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
chromatinEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
euchromatinEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusEstrogen receptorHomo sapiens (human)
double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membraneReplicase polyprotein 1abSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
nucleusEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
chromatinEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusEstrogen receptor betaHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (60)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1676127Antiviral activity against pseudotyped Marburgvirus-Musoke infected in human A549 cells assessed as reduction in viral infection incubated for 48 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-08, Volume: 63, Issue:19
Screening and Reverse-Engineering of Estrogen Receptor Ligands as Potent Pan-Filovirus Inhibitors.
AID1220256Total clearance in human2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1372347Antiproliferative activity against human T47D cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 26, Issue:1
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel indole-xanthendione hybrids as selective estrogen receptor modulators.
AID1075144Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells assessed as cell viability2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3
Drug design targeting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) using multiple ligand simultaneous docking (MLSD) and drug repositioning: discovery of raloxifene and bazedoxifene as novel inhibitors of IL-6/GP130 interface.
AID1075153Inhibition of IL-6Ralpha/GP130 interaction in human PANC-1 cells assessed as inhibition of IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation at Y705 at 25 uM preincubated for 30 mins followed by IL-6 induction measured after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3
Drug design targeting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) using multiple ligand simultaneous docking (MLSD) and drug repositioning: discovery of raloxifene and bazedoxifene as novel inhibitors of IL-6/GP130 interface.
AID1220257Ratio of drug level in blood to plasma in human2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID256999Inhibition of binding to recombinant human ERbeta by scintillation proximity assay2005Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 15, Issue:23
Estrogen receptor ligands. Part 14: application of novel antagonist side chains to existing platforms.
AID1283264Inhibition of delta 8-7 isomerase in human SLOS fibroblasts assessed as decrease in 7-DHC levels at 10 nM after 5 days by LC-MS/GC-MS analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3
The Effect of Small Molecules on Sterol Homeostasis: Measuring 7-Dehydrocholesterol in Dhcr7-Deficient Neuro2a Cells and Human Fibroblasts.
AID1808020Inhibition of porcine heart malate dehydrogenase preincubated for 5 min followed by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide addition and monitered for 90 sec by spectrophotometric method2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23
Colloidal Aggregators in Biochemical SARS-CoV-2 Repurposing Screens.
AID1220240Unbound fraction during CYP4500-mediated metabolism in human intestinal microsomes2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1808021Inhibition of porcine heart malate dehydrogenase assessed as reduction in enzyme inhibition at 3 times IC50 preincubated for 5 min followed by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide addition and monitered for 90 sec in presence of 0.01% Triton-X100 by spectrop2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23
Colloidal Aggregators in Biochemical SARS-CoV-2 Repurposing Screens.
AID1075147Inhibition of IL-6Ralpha/GP130 interaction in ER-negative human SUM159 cells overexpressing IL-6 assessed as inhibition of constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation at Y705 at 10 to 30 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3
Drug design targeting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) using multiple ligand simultaneous docking (MLSD) and drug repositioning: discovery of raloxifene and bazedoxifene as novel inhibitors of IL-6/GP130 interface.
AID1283244Inhibition of DR24 in Dhcr7-deficient mouse Neuro2a cells assessed as decrease in 7-DHC levels at 200 nM after 24 hrs by LC-MS analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3
The Effect of Small Molecules on Sterol Homeostasis: Measuring 7-Dehydrocholesterol in Dhcr7-Deficient Neuro2a Cells and Human Fibroblasts.
AID1220242Unbound intrinsic clearance in human intestinal microsomes assessed CYP450-mediated glucuronidation clearance2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1220245Activity of human UGT1A8 expressed in insect cells assessed as reduction in compound level after 30 mins2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1283268Inhibition of delta 8-7 isomerase in Dhcr7-deficient mouse Neuro2a cells assessed as decrease in 7-DHC levels at 1 uM by LC-MS/GC-MS analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3
The Effect of Small Molecules on Sterol Homeostasis: Measuring 7-Dehydrocholesterol in Dhcr7-Deficient Neuro2a Cells and Human Fibroblasts.
AID1220237Unbound fraction during UGT-mediated glucuronidation in human intestinal microsomes2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1676126Antiviral activity against pseudotyped Ebola virus - Mayinga, Zaire infected in human A549 cells assessed as reduction in viral infection incubated for 48 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-08, Volume: 63, Issue:19
Screening and Reverse-Engineering of Estrogen Receptor Ligands as Potent Pan-Filovirus Inhibitors.
AID1372349Displacement of Fluormone-tagged ES2 from human recombinant ERalpha after 2 hrs by fluorescence polarization assay2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 26, Issue:1
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel indole-xanthendione hybrids as selective estrogen receptor modulators.
AID70008In vitro inhibition of [3H]17-beta-estradiol binding to human estrogen receptor alpha2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 44, Issue:11
Design, synthesis, and preclinical characterization of novel, highly selective indole estrogens.
AID1220236Oral clearance in human2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1075146Cytotoxicity against ER-negative human SUM159 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay in presence of IL-62014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3
Drug design targeting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) using multiple ligand simultaneous docking (MLSD) and drug repositioning: discovery of raloxifene and bazedoxifene as novel inhibitors of IL-6/GP130 interface.
AID1676125Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human A549 cells to IC50 for antiviral activity against pseudotyped Ebola virus - Mayinga, Zaire infected in human A549 cells2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-08, Volume: 63, Issue:19
Screening and Reverse-Engineering of Estrogen Receptor Ligands as Potent Pan-Filovirus Inhibitors.
AID257000Selectivity for human ERbeta over ERalpha2005Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 15, Issue:23
Estrogen receptor ligands. Part 14: application of novel antagonist side chains to existing platforms.
AID1220260Oral bioavailability in human2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1220259Oral absorption in human2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1283275Inhibition of DR24 in mouse Neuro2a cells assessed as decrease in 7-DHC levels at 1 uM by LC-MS/GC-MS analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3
The Effect of Small Molecules on Sterol Homeostasis: Measuring 7-Dehydrocholesterol in Dhcr7-Deficient Neuro2a Cells and Human Fibroblasts.
AID1559014Induction of uterotrophic activity in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as increase in uterine weight at 10 mg/kg, po administered for 3 days and measured after 24 hrs of last dosing by hematoxylin eosin staining based imaging analysis2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-26, Volume: 62, Issue:24
Design and Synthesis of Basic Selective Estrogen Receptor Degraders for Endocrine Therapy Resistant Breast Cancer.
AID1220253Drug metabolism human intestinal microsomes assessed as bazedoxifene-6'-glucuronide formation2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID257001Antiproliferative activity against human breast cancer MCF7 cell line in presence of 0.003 nM estradiol2005Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 15, Issue:23
Estrogen receptor ligands. Part 14: application of novel antagonist side chains to existing platforms.
AID1220255Apparent permeability by PAMPA method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1352589Downregulation of ERalpha mRNA levels in human T47D cells at 15 uM after 48 hrs by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis2018European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 146Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel indole-benzimidazole hybrids targeting estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α).
AID1075148Inhibition of IFN-gamma receptor/GP130 interaction in human PANC-1 cells assessed as inhibition of IFN-gamma-induced STAT1 phosphorylation at Y701 at 25 uM preincubated for 30 mins followed by IFN-gamma induction measured after 24 hrs by Western blot anal2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3
Drug design targeting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) using multiple ligand simultaneous docking (MLSD) and drug repositioning: discovery of raloxifene and bazedoxifene as novel inhibitors of IL-6/GP130 interface.
AID1220239Unbound intrinsic clearance in human intestinal microsomes assessed UGT-mediated glucuronidation clearance2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1283277Inhibition of delta 8-7 isomerase in Dhcr7-deficient mouse Neuro2a cells assessed as decrease in 7-DHC levels at 200 nM after 24 hrs by LC-MS analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3
The Effect of Small Molecules on Sterol Homeostasis: Measuring 7-Dehydrocholesterol in Dhcr7-Deficient Neuro2a Cells and Human Fibroblasts.
AID1283273Decrease in cholesterol levels in human SLOS fibroblasts at 10 nM after 5 days by LC-MS/GC-MS analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3
The Effect of Small Molecules on Sterol Homeostasis: Measuring 7-Dehydrocholesterol in Dhcr7-Deficient Neuro2a Cells and Human Fibroblasts.
AID70176In vitro inhibitory concentration against [3H]17-beta-estradiol binding to human estrogen receptor 22001Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 44, Issue:11
Design, synthesis, and preclinical characterization of novel, highly selective indole estrogens.
AID1220244Activity of human UGT1A1 expressed in insect cells assessed as reduction in compound level after 30 mins2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1220258Renal clearance in human2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1220251Drug metabolism human intestinal microsomes assessed as bazedoxifene-4'-glucuronide formation2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1075149Inhibition of LIFR/GP130 interaction in human PANC-1 cells assessed as inhibition of LIF-induced STAT3 phosphorylation at Y705 at 25 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3
Drug design targeting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) using multiple ligand simultaneous docking (MLSD) and drug repositioning: discovery of raloxifene and bazedoxifene as novel inhibitors of IL-6/GP130 interface.
AID1283267Cytotoxicity against human SLOS fibroblasts at 5 uM after 5 days by Cell Titer assay2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3
The Effect of Small Molecules on Sterol Homeostasis: Measuring 7-Dehydrocholesterol in Dhcr7-Deficient Neuro2a Cells and Human Fibroblasts.
AID256998Inhibition of binding to recombinant human ERalpha by scintillation proximity assay2005Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 15, Issue:23
Estrogen receptor ligands. Part 14: application of novel antagonist side chains to existing platforms.
AID1283262Inhibition of DR24 in human SLOS fibroblasts assessed as decrease in 7-DHC levels at 10 nM after 5 days by LC-MS/GC-MS analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3
The Effect of Small Molecules on Sterol Homeostasis: Measuring 7-Dehydrocholesterol in Dhcr7-Deficient Neuro2a Cells and Human Fibroblasts.
AID1220241Intrinsic clearance in human intestinal microsomes assessed CYP450-mediated glucuronidation clearance2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1480298Inhibition of Ebolavirus glycoprotein/matrix protein VP40 entry in human HeLa cells after 4.5 hrs beta-lactamase reporter assay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-26, Volume: 61, Issue:8
Computer-Aided Discovery and Characterization of Novel Ebola Virus Inhibitors.
AID1676124Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human A549 cells to IC50 for antiviral activity against pseudotyped Marburgvirus-Musoke infected in human A549 cells2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-08, Volume: 63, Issue:19
Screening and Reverse-Engineering of Estrogen Receptor Ligands as Potent Pan-Filovirus Inhibitors.
AID257003In vivo agonism of estradiol in rat uterine tissue after 1 mg/kg, po by uterine weight assay2005Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 15, Issue:23
Estrogen receptor ligands. Part 14: application of novel antagonist side chains to existing platforms.
AID1808022Inhibition of porcine heart malate dehydrogenase assessed as critical aggregation concentration preincubated for 5 min followed by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide addition and monitered for 90 sec by spectrophotometric method2021Journal of medicinal chemistry, 12-09, Volume: 64, Issue:23
Colloidal Aggregators in Biochemical SARS-CoV-2 Repurposing Screens.
AID1220246Activity of human UGT1A10 expressed in insect cells assessed as reduction in compound level after 30 mins2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1220238Intrinsic clearance in human intestinal microsomes assessed UGT-mediated glucuronidation clearance2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Sep, Volume: 40, Issue:9
Quantitative prediction of human intestinal glucuronidation effects on intestinal availability of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates using in vitro data.
AID1283269Inhibition of DR24 in Dhcr7-deficient mouse Neuro2a cells assessed as decrease in 7-DHC levels at 1 uM by LC-MS/GC-MS analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3
The Effect of Small Molecules on Sterol Homeostasis: Measuring 7-Dehydrocholesterol in Dhcr7-Deficient Neuro2a Cells and Human Fibroblasts.
AID257002In vivo antagonism of estradiol in rat uterine tissue after 1 mg/kg, po by uterine weight assay2005Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 15, Issue:23
Estrogen receptor ligands. Part 14: application of novel antagonist side chains to existing platforms.
AID1075152Binding affinity to GP130 in human RH30 cells assessed as protection against pronase-induced cleavage at 100 to 1000 uM preincubated for 1 hr followed by pronase induction measured after 30 mins by DARTS assay2014Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-13, Volume: 57, Issue:3
Drug design targeting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) using multiple ligand simultaneous docking (MLSD) and drug repositioning: discovery of raloxifene and bazedoxifene as novel inhibitors of IL-6/GP130 interface.
AID1283247Inhibition of delta 8-7 isomerase in mouse Neuro2a cells assessed as decrease in 7-DHC levels at 1 uM by LC-MS/GC-MS analysis2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 59, Issue:3
The Effect of Small Molecules on Sterol Homeostasis: Measuring 7-Dehydrocholesterol in Dhcr7-Deficient Neuro2a Cells and Human Fibroblasts.
AID102611In vitro antagonist effect on estrogen receptor alpha transcriptional activation in MCF-7 cells against 10 pM 17-beta-estradiol2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 44, Issue:11
Design, synthesis, and preclinical characterization of novel, highly selective indole estrogens.
AID1347411qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1804171DRC analysis by immunofluorescence from Article 10.1128/AAC.00819-20: \\Identification of Antiviral Drug Candidates against SARS-CoV-2 from FDA-Approved Drugs.\\2020Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 06-23, Volume: 64, Issue:7
Identification of Antiviral Drug Candidates against SARS-CoV-2 from FDA-Approved Drugs.
AID1346880Human Estrogen receptor-beta (3A. Estrogen receptors)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 44, Issue:11
Design, synthesis, and preclinical characterization of novel, highly selective indole estrogens.
AID1346845Human Estrogen receptor-alpha (3A. Estrogen receptors)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 44, Issue:11
Design, synthesis, and preclinical characterization of novel, highly selective indole estrogens.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (299)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's33 (11.04)29.6817
2010's219 (73.24)24.3611
2020's47 (15.72)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 52.59

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index52.59 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.93 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.15 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index85.07 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (52.59)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials69 (22.48%)5.53%
Reviews82 (26.71%)6.00%
Case Studies2 (0.65%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other154 (50.16%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (43)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Randomized, Open-label, Single-dose Study to Evaluate the Safety and the Pharmacokinetics After Oral Concurrent Administration of HDDO-16141 and HDDO-16142 in Healthy Adult Subjects [NCT03234244]Phase 137 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-04-12Completed
Bazedoxifene - A New Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator Treatment for Women With Schizophrenia: a Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial [NCT04113993]Phase 4160 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-10-07Recruiting
Pilot Study of Effects of Bazedoxifene Plus Conjugated Estrogen on Imaging and Blood Biomarkers In Women With Menopausal Symptoms at Increased Risk for Breast Cancer [NCT04821375]Early Phase 120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-12-02Recruiting
Effects of a Tissue Selective Estrogen Complex (TESC) on Depression and the Neural Reward System in the Perimenopause [NCT03740009]Phase 420 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-01-02Completed
Bazedoxifene as a Concomitant Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma [NCT04812808]10 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-02-01Recruiting
Multi-centre, Randomized, Open Label Trial to Evaluate the Effects of Switching to Bazedoxifene in Comparison With Switching to Calcium and Vitamin D in Postmenopausal Women Previously Treated With Bisphosphonates [NCT02090400]Phase 4110 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-05-31Completed
Pilot Study of Effects of Duavee® on Imaging and Blood Biomarkers In Women With Menopausal Symptoms at Increased Risk for Breast Cancer [NCT04379024]Early Phase 111 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-06-01Terminated(stopped due to Study agent no longer available)
Mechanisms and Interventions Addressing Accelerated Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Women With Endometriosis [NCT05059626]Phase 428 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-12-01Recruiting
Randomized IIB Study of the Effect of Bazedoxifene Plus Conjugated Estrogens on Breast Imaging and Tissue Biomarkers in Peri or Post-Menopausal Women at Increased Risk for Development of Breast Cancer [NCT04821141]Phase 2120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-12-14Recruiting
Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (BZA/CE) Improvement of Metabolism (BIM) [NCT02237079]Phase 417 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-12-31Completed
A Multicenter, Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo and Raloxifene Controlled Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of TSE-424 (Bazedoxifene Acetate) in the Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis [NCT00481169]Phase 31,742 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-07-31Completed
RNA Expression Analysis Of Endometrial Biopsies Comparing Placebo, Bazedoxifene/ Conjugated Estrogens And Raloxifene [NCT00847821]185 participants (Actual)Observational2009-05-31Terminated(stopped due to See termination reason in detailed description.)
Atherosclerosis Intervention With Novel Tissue Selective Estrogen Complex Therapy [NCT04103476]Phase 2400 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-04-13Recruiting
Pilot Study of the Effect of Duavee® on Benign Breast Tissue Proliferation in Peri or Post-menopausal Women at Moderate Risk for Development of Breast Cancer [NCT02729701]Phase 228 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-31Completed
Fracture Incidence Reduction And Safety Of TSE-424 (Bazedoxifene Acetate) Compared To Placebo And Raloxifene In Osteoporotic Postmenopausal Women [NCT00205777]Phase 37,609 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-12-31Completed
Hand Osteoarthritis: Investigating Pain Effects in a Randomised Placebo-controlled Feasibility Study of an Estrogen-containing Therapy [NCT04036929]28 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-05-09Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo And Active- Controlled Efficacy And Safety Study Of The Effects Of Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens Combinations On Endometrial Hyperplasia And Prevention Of Osteoporosis In Postmenopausal Women [NCT00808132]Phase 31,886 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo- And Active-Controlled Efficacy And Safety Study Of Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens Combinations For Prevention Of Endometrial Hyperplasia And Prevention Of Osteoporosis In Postmenopausal Women [NCT00242710]Phase 31,083 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-09-30Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Efficacy and Safety Study of Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogen Combinations for Treatment of Vasomotor Symptoms Associated With Menopause [NCT00234819]Phase 3325 participants Interventional2005-10-31Completed
Effectiveness of Bazedoxifene for Prevention of Glucocorticoid-induced Bone Loss in RA Patients [NCT02602704]Phase 4114 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-29Completed
An Open-Label, Single/Multiple Dose, Non-Randomized, 3-Period, Crossover Study To Determine The Potential Drug Interaction Of Bazedoxifene On Conjugated Estrogens (CE) In Healthy Postmenopausal Women [NCT00706225]Phase 130 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-06-30Completed
An Open-Label, Single-Dose, Randomized, 4-Period, Crossover, Bioequivalence Study of Clinical and Commercial Formulations of Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens in Healthy Postmenopausal Women [NCT00550433]Phase 10 participants Interventional2007-09-30Completed
An Open-Label, Single-Dose, Non-Randomized, 4-Period Crossover Bioavailability Study of Bazedoxifene Contained in Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogen Tablets Administered to Healthy Postmenopausal Women [NCT00550303]Phase 128 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-10-31Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo- and Active-Controlled Safety and Efficacy Study of Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens Combinations in Postmenopausal Women [NCT00675688]Phase 33,544 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-04-30Completed
An Open-Label, Single-Dose, 3-Period, Crossover Study To Determine The Effect Of A High-Fat Meal On The Relative Bioavailability And Pharmacokinetics Of A Single Dose Of Bazedoxifene Acetate/Conjugated Estrogens (Premarin© New Process) Administered Orally [NCT00465075]Phase 124 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-03-31Completed
An Open Label, Randomized, Multicenter Study To Compare Bazedoxifene Steady-State Exposures Obtained With 2 Bazedoxifene Acetate/Conjugated Estrogen Formulations In Postmenopausal Women [NCT00479778]Phase 172 participants Interventional2007-04-30Completed
Effects of Novel Estrogens on Glucose and Lipids in Postmenopausal Prediabetic Women Veterans [NCT05073237]Phase 240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-12-29Not yet recruiting
Impact of Estrogen + Estradiol Receptor Alpha Modulator Therapy on Oxidative Stress in Post-menopausal Women With and Without Sleep Apnea [NCT03981341]Phase 336 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-11-01Recruiting
An Open-label, Single-dose, Randomized-to-sequence, 4-period Crossover Bioavailability Study of Bazedoxifene Contained in Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogen Tablets Administered to Healthy Postmenopausal Women. [NCT00367536]Phase 124 participants Interventional2006-08-31Completed
A Multicenter, Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Bazedoxifene in Postmenopausal Asian Women [NCT00384072]Phase 3500 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-05-31Completed
Viviant®20mg Special Investigation (Regulatory Post Marketing Commitment Plan) [NCT01470326]3,187 participants (Actual)Observational2011-11-30Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-and Active-Controlled Efficacy and Safety Study of Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens Combinations for Treatment of Moderate to Severe Vulvar/Vaginal Atrophy in Postmenopausal Women [NCT00238732]Phase 3650 participants Interventional2005-10-31Completed
A Phase 1 Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetic Characteristics After Coadministration of C1-R215 and C2-R215 Compared to the Administration of C1-R215 and C2-R215 Independently in Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT03005340]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-12-31Enrolling by invitation
An Open-Label, Single-Dose, Randomized, 3-Period, Crossover, Bioequivalence Study Between Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (Premarin Current Process) And Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (Premarin New Process) In Healthy Postmenopausal Women [NCT00464789]Phase 10 participants Interventional2007-03-31Completed
An Open-Label, Single-Dose, Randomized-to-Sequence, 2-Period, Crossover, Pivotal Bioequivalence Study Between Bazedoxifene Acetate/Conjugated Estrogens (Premarin Current Process) and Bazedoxifene Acetate/Conjugated Estrogens (Premarin New Process) Tablets [NCT00396799]Phase 10 participants Interventional2006-11-30Completed
Bone Mineral Density Increase and Safety of TSE-424 Compared to Placebo in Osteoporotic Postmenopausal Women [NCT00238745]Phase 2375 participants Interventional2003-08-31Completed
A Phase 1, Open-label, Single-dose, Randomized, 4-treatment, 4- Period, Crossover, Pilot Bioavailability Study of 3 Test Tablet Formulations of Bazedoxifene (Bza) Compared With A Reference Tablet Formulation of Bza/Conjugated Estrogens (ce) in Healthy Pos [NCT01634789]Phase 12 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-08-31Terminated(stopped due to This study was terminated on 10 December 2012 due to low enrollment. The decision to terminate the study was not based on safety or efficacy issues.)
COHORT STUDY OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM AND OTHER CLINICAL ENDPOINTS AMONG OSTEOPOROTIC WOMEN PRESCRIBED BAZEDOXIFENE, BISPHOSPHONATES OR RALOXIFENE IN EUROPE [NCT01416194]10,497 participants (Actual)Observational2011-07-25Completed
A Phase II Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo Controlled Delayed-Start Trial to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Bazedoxifene Acetate (BZA) as a Remyelinating Agent in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis [NCT04002934]Phase 250 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-09-10Recruiting
A Large-scale Multicenter Phase II Study Evaluating the Protective Effect of a Tissue Selective Estrogen Complex (TSEC) in Women With Newly Diagnosed Ductal Carcinoma in Situ [NCT02694809]Phase 2160 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-01-31Recruiting
A Phase Ib/II Study of Palbociclib in Combination With Bazedoxifene in Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer [NCT02448771]Phase 1/Phase 236 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-07-09Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Single-dose, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetic Characteristics After Co-administration of HDDO-16141 and HDDO-16143 and Administration of HDDO-1614 in Healthy Adult Male Subjects [NCT03382314]Phase 138 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-16Completed
AK-R215 Pharmacokinetic Study Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of AK-R215 in Comparison to Each Component Coadministered in Healthy Adult Male or Menopausal Female Valunteers. [NCT03321318]Phase 152 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-07-13Active, not recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: BFRBV
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Euro Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at Month 12, 24 and 36
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Euro Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D)- Health State Profile Utility Score at Month 12, 24 and 36
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in European Foundation for Osteoporosis Quality of Life Questionnaire (QUALEFFO) at Month 12, 24 and 36
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ) at Month 12, 24 and 36
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Euro Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Euro Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D)- Health State Profile Utility Score
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]European Foundation for Osteoporosis Quality of Life Questionnaire (QUALEFFO)
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at Month 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at Months 48, 60
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Osteocalcin at Months 36 and 60
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ)
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Non-vertebral Fractures Through Month 84
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Non-vertebral Fractures Through Month 60
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Non-vertebral Fractures Through Month 36
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With New Vertebral Fractures Through Month 84
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With New Vertebral Fractures Through Month 60
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in C-telopeptide (CTx) at Month 3, 6 and 12
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With New Vertebral Fractures Through Month 36
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Osteocalcin at Months 72 and 84
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at Months 72 and 84
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Osteocalcin at Month 3, 6 and 12
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Lipid Parameters at Months 6, 12, 24 and 36
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in C-telopeptide (CTx) at Months 72 and 84
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: ACF
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: BFRBV
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: BFRTS
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: MAR
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: Mlt
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: SuD
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: TbN
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: Total Surface (Goldner Slide) [TSG]
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: TtAr
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: ACF
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in C-telopeptide (CTx) at Months 36 and 60
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: BFRTS
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: MAR
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: Mlt
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: SuD
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: TbN
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: TSG
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: TtAr
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Height at Month 36
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Height at Month 60
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Height at Month 84
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Incidence of Breast Cancer Through Month 36
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Incidence of Breast Cancer Through Month 60
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Incidence of Breast Cancer Through Month 84
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Worsening Vertebral Fractures Through Month 36
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Worsening Vertebral Fractures Through Month 60
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Worsening Vertebral Fractures Through Month 84
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With New Clinical Vertebral Fractures Through Month 36
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With New Clinical Vertebral Fractures Through Month 60
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With New Clinical Vertebral Fractures Through Month 84
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: BFP, RP and RmP
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: BV, OV, OS, OcS, ObS, MS, ES, OMS, CP
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: WTh, OTh, TbTh, TbSp and CTh
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: BFP, RP and RmP
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: BV, OV, OS, OcS, ObS, MS, ES, OMS, CP
NCT00205777 (60) [back to overview]Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: WTh, OTh, TbTh, TbSp and CTh
NCT00242710 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Uterine Bleeding or Spotting
NCT00242710 (10) [back to overview]Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Lumbar Spine at Screening
NCT00242710 (10) [back to overview]Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Total Hip at Screening
NCT00242710 (10) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Lumbar Spine at Month 12
NCT00242710 (10) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Lumbar Spine at Month 24
NCT00242710 (10) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Total Hip at Month 12
NCT00242710 (10) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Total Hip at Month 24
NCT00242710 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hyperplasia at Month 12
NCT00242710 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Hyperplasia at Month 24
NCT00242710 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Days With Breast Pain
NCT00808132 (13) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Turnover Markers (BTMs) at Month 6 and Month 12: Osteoporosis Sub-Study
NCT00808132 (13) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Total Hip at Month 6, 12: Osteoporosis Sub-Study
NCT00808132 (13) [back to overview]Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) Score at Baseline: Sleep Sub-Study
NCT00808132 (13) [back to overview]Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Sleep Scale at Baseline: Sleep Sub-Study
NCT00808132 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) Score at Month 3: Sleep Sub-Study
NCT00808132 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Sleep Scale at Month 3: Sleep Sub-Study
NCT00808132 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Cumulative Amenorrhea: Main Study
NCT00808132 (13) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Breast Density at Month 12: Breast Density Sub-Study
NCT00808132 (13) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Lumbar Spine at Month 6: Osteoporosis Sub-Study
NCT00808132 (13) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Lumbar Spine at Month 12: Osteoporosis Sub-Study
NCT00808132 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Breast Tenderness
NCT00808132 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Endometrial Hyperplasia at Month 12: Main Study
NCT00808132 (13) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Uterine Bleeding
NCT01416194 (15) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Ischemic Stroke
NCT01416194 (15) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of All Malignancies
NCT01416194 (15) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation
NCT01416194 (15) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Biliary Events
NCT01416194 (15) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Cardiac Disorders
NCT01416194 (15) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Clinical Fractures
NCT01416194 (15) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Depression
NCT01416194 (15) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Hypertriglyceridemia
NCT01416194 (15) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Renal Failure
NCT01416194 (15) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Selected Ocular Events
NCT01416194 (15) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Thyroid Disorders- Goitre
NCT01416194 (15) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)
NCT01416194 (15) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Different Types of Malignancies
NCT01416194 (15) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Different Types of Malignancies
NCT01416194 (15) [back to overview]Cumulative Incidence of Different Types of Malignancies
NCT01470326 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Related Adverse Events Unexpected From Japanese Package Insert
NCT01470326 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Related Adverse Events by Use of Previous Medication
NCT01470326 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Any Fracture
NCT01470326 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Related Adverse Events by Use of Steroid
NCT01470326 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Related Adverse Events
NCT01470326 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Related Adverse Events by Age
NCT01470326 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Related Adverse Events by Smoking Status
NCT01470326 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Related Adverse Events by Use of Concomitant Medication
NCT02237079 (17) [back to overview]Change in Basal Glucose Concentration (Gb)
NCT02237079 (17) [back to overview]Measure Change in Serum Biomarkers Panel 2
NCT02237079 (17) [back to overview]Change in Body Composition Using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)
NCT02237079 (17) [back to overview]Measure Change in Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS)
NCT02237079 (17) [back to overview]Measure Change in Leptin:Adiponectin Ratio (LAR)
NCT02237079 (17) [back to overview]Measure Change in Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 (FGF-21)
NCT02237079 (17) [back to overview]Measure Change in C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
NCT02237079 (17) [back to overview]Effect of CE/BZA on Body Composition Using Waist-to-hip Ratio
NCT02237079 (17) [back to overview]Change in Acute Insulin Response to Glucose (AIRg)
NCT02237079 (17) [back to overview]Change in Insulin Sensitivity (SI) Index
NCT02237079 (17) [back to overview]Change in Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) β-cell Function
NCT02237079 (17) [back to overview]Change in Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) Insulin Resistance (IR)
NCT02237079 (17) [back to overview]Change in Glucose-stimulated Insulin Clearance (GSIC)
NCT02237079 (17) [back to overview]Change in Fasting Insulin Clearance (FIC)
NCT02237079 (17) [back to overview]Change in Disposition Index (DI)
NCT02237079 (17) [back to overview]Change in Body Mass Index
NCT02237079 (17) [back to overview]Measure Change in Serum Biomarkers Panel 1
NCT02448771 (10) [back to overview]Objective Response Rate
NCT02448771 (10) [back to overview]Clinical Benefit Rate
NCT02448771 (10) [back to overview]Median Overall Survival
NCT02448771 (10) [back to overview]Median Progression-Free Survival
NCT02448771 (10) [back to overview]Number of Participants With All Grade Neutrophil Count Decrease
NCT02448771 (10) [back to overview]Objective Response Rate by ESR1 Genotype
NCT02448771 (10) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With All Grade Neutrophil Count Decrease
NCT02448771 (10) [back to overview]Clinical Benefit Rate by ESR1 Genotype
NCT02448771 (10) [back to overview]Median Progression-Free Survival for Patients by ESR1 Genotype
NCT02448771 (10) [back to overview]Overall Survival by ESR1 Genotype
NCT02729701 (5) [back to overview]Change in Body Composition (Total Mass)
NCT02729701 (5) [back to overview]Change in Fibroglandular Volume (FGV)
NCT02729701 (5) [back to overview]Feasibility for a Larger Trial
NCT02729701 (5) [back to overview]Levels of Bazedoxifene in the Blood
NCT02729701 (5) [back to overview]Change in Ki-67
NCT03740009 (2) [back to overview]Depressive Symptoms as Measured by the MASQ-AD
NCT03740009 (2) [back to overview]Change in Frontostriatal Reactivity to Reward During MID fMRI Task

Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: BFRBV

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD Calculated indices included: Bone Formation Rate (BFR)-Bone Volume Reference (BFRBV). BFR accounts the bone volume which is actively mineralizing, which depends on the number of osteoblasts that are active. BFR= Fraction of mineralizing volume and bone volume multiplied by mineralization apposition rate (MAR). (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 60

Interventionsquare millimetre/square millimetre/year (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)0.167
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)0.075
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)0.253

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Change From Baseline in Euro Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at Month 12, 24 and 36

EQ-5D: participant rated questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life in terms of a single index value. The VAS component rates current health state on a scale from 0 mm (worst imaginable health state) to 100 mm (best imaginable health state); higher scores indicate a better health state. Baseline values at different time points were considered only for the participants who were evaluable at those time points. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 12, 24, 36

,,,
Interventionmm (Least Squares Mean)
Change at Month 12 (n=1381,1346,1362,1407)Change at Month 24 (n=1210,1200,1223,1247)Change at Month 36 (n=1070,1065,1092,1120)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)1.590.455.73
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)0.12-1.133.87
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)-0.37-2.124.66
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)-1.39-1.631.60

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Change From Baseline in Euro Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D)- Health State Profile Utility Score at Month 12, 24 and 36

"EQ-5D: participant rated questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life in terms of a single utility score. Health State Profile component assesses level of current health for 5 domains: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain and discomfort, and anxiety and depression; 1 indicates better health state (no problems); 3 indicates worst health state (confined to bed). Scoring formula developed by EuroQol Group assigns a utility value for each domain in the profile. Score is transformed and results in a total score range -0.594 to 1.000; higher score indicates a better health state. Baseline values at different time points were considered only for the participants who were evaluable at those time points." (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 12, 24, 36

,,,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Change at Month 12 (n=1425,1375,1393,1436)Change at Month 24(n=1243,1220,1240,1267)Change at Month 36 (n=1095,1078,1111,1128)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)0.010.00-0.00
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)0.01-0.01-0.01
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)0.010.01-0.00
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)0.01-0.01-0.01

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Change From Baseline in European Foundation for Osteoporosis Quality of Life Questionnaire (QUALEFFO) at Month 12, 24 and 36

QUALEFFO is an osteoporosis-specific health instrument developed specifically for participants with vertebral deformities used to evaluate the effect of back pain and treatment on quality of life. The QUALEFFO questionnaire includes 41 items in 5 domains: pain, physical function, social function, general health perception, and mental function. The total score is calculated according to the scoring algorithm developed by the International Osteoporosis Foundation. Total scores are reported from 0 to 100, with lower scores corresponding to better quality of life. Baseline values at different time points were considered only for the participants who were evaluable at those time points. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 12, 24, 36

,,,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Change at Month 12 (n=1490,1438,1455,1495)Change at Month 24 (n=1305,1276,1307,1312)Change at Month 36 (n=1155,1136,1168,1176)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)-0.24-0.000.62
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)-0.910.02-0.11
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)-0.77-0.39-0.35
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)-0.490.290.26

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Change From Baseline in Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ) at Month 12, 24 and 36

WHQ is a measure of mid-aged women's emotional and physical health. Consists of 36-item assessing nine domains of physical and emotional health: Depressed mood; Somatic symptoms; Anxiety/fears; Vasomotor symptoms; Sleep problems; Sexual behavior; Menstrual symptoms; Memory/concentration; and Attractiveness. Each item scored on a 4 point scale (yes definitely, yes sometimes, not much, no not at all) reduced to binary option as 0 (no) and 1 (yes). Domain subscale score was calculated as sum of domain items score divided by number of domain items. Total score was calculated as the sum of individual domain subscale score divided by number of domains. Total score range from 0 (absent) to 1 (present), with higher scores indicating more pronounced distress and dysfunction.Baseline values at different time points were considered only for the participants who were evaluable at those time points. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 12, 24, 36

,,,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Change at Month 12 (n=1490,1435,1461,1503)Change at Month 24 (n=1307,1271,1311,1318)Change at Month 36 (n=1153,1138,1168,1179)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)0.0000.0050.011
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)0.0010.006-0.000
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)-0.005-0.0020.005
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)0.0010.0070.005

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Euro Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

EQ-5D: participant rated questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life in terms of a single index value. The VAS component rates current health state on a scale from 0 mm (worst imaginable health state) to 100 mm (best imaginable health state); higher scores indicate a better health state. Baseline values at different time points were considered only for the participants who were evaluable at those time points. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline

,,,
Interventionmillimeter (mm) (Mean)
Baseline: Month 12 (n=1381,1346,1362,1407)Baseline: Month 24 (n=1210,1200,1223,1247)Baseline: Month 36 (n=1070,1065,1092,1120)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)79.2079.1179.78
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)80.8980.7381.43
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)80.9580.7981.07
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)82.2382.8683.50

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Euro Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D)- Health State Profile Utility Score

"EQ-5D: participant rated questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life in terms of a single utility score. Health State Profile component assesses level of current health for 5 domains: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain and discomfort, and anxiety and depression; 1 indicates better health state (no problems); 3 indicates worst health state (confined to bed). Scoring formula developed by EuroQol Group assigns a utility value for each domain in the profile. Score is transformed and results in a total score range -0.594 to 1.000; higher score indicates a better health state. Baseline values at different time points were considered only for the participants who were evaluable at those time points." (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline

,,,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Baseline: Month 12 (n=1425,1375,1393,1436)Baseline: Month 24 (n=1243,1220,1240,1267)Baseline: Month 36 (n=1095,1078,1111,1128)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)0.810.810.82
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)0.820.820.82
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)0.810.810.82
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)0.820.820.82

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European Foundation for Osteoporosis Quality of Life Questionnaire (QUALEFFO)

QUALEFFO is an osteoporosis-specific health instrument developed specifically for participants with vertebral deformities used to evaluate the effect of back pain and treatment on quality of life. The QUALEFFO questionnaire includes 41 items in 5 domains: pain, physical function, social function, general health perception, and mental function. The total score is calculated according to the scoring algorithm developed by the International Osteoporosis Foundation. Total scores are reported from 0 to 100, with lower scores corresponding to better quality of life. Baseline values at different time points were considered only for the participants who were evaluable at those time points. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline

,,,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Baseline: Month 12 (n=1490,1438,1455,1495)Baseline: Month 24 (n=1305,1276,1307,1312)Baseline: Month 36 (n=1155,1136,1168,1176)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)24.5724.3323.87
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)24.5024.2424.12
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)24.3124.2923.97
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)23.9823.8023.88

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at Month 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36

BMD of lumbar spine (Lu Sp) and hip (total hip [Tl Hp], femoral neck [Fe Ne] and femur trochanter [Fe Tr]) was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The left hip was evaluated unless prevented by pathology, in which case the right hip was evaluated throughout the study. Results were scored as T score, defined as BMD at the site when compared to the young normal reference mean. Normal BMD is a T-score of -1.0 or higher. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 6, 12, 18, 24, 36

,,,
InterventionPercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Lu Sp:Change at Month 6 (n=1693,1663,1662,1711)Tl Hp:Change at Month 6 (n=1684,1653,1659,1699)Fe Ne:Change at Month 6 (n=1687,1658,1662,1703)Fe Tr:Change at Month 6 (n=1687,1658,1662,1703)Lu Sp:Change at Month 12 (n=1587,1541,1546,1599)Tl Hp:Change at Month 12 (n=1578,1532,1532,1586)Fe Ne:Change at Month 12 (n=1581,1537,1536,1591)Fe Tr:Change at Month 12 (n=1581,1537,1536,1591)Lu Sp:Change at Month 18 (n=1498,1444,1474,1487)Tl Hp:Change at Month 18 (n=1486,1434,1459,1480)Fe Ne:Change at Month 18 (n=1489,1437,1463,1484)Fe Tr:Change at Month 18 (n=1489,1437,1463,1484)Lu Sp:Change at Month 24 (n=1400,1347,1387,1398)Tl Hp:Change at Month 24 (n=1394,1333,1379,1382)Fe Ne:Change at Month 24 (n=1398,1335,1381,1386)Fe Tr:Change at Month 24 (n=1398,1335,1381,1386)Lu Sp:Change at Month 36 (n=1022,1029,1050,1054)Tl Hp:Change at Month 36 (n=1019,1016,1044,1050)Fe Ne:Change at Month 36 (n=1020,1018,1046,1051)Fe Tr:Change at Month 36 (n=1020,1018,1046,1051)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)1.530.750.601.172.061.070.921.712.000.930.801.541.990.820.801.512.210.270.280.89
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)1.560.850.621.242.131.241.101.842.241.131.091.642.121.011.051.572.380.500.670.90
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)0.510.24-0.050.330.610.280.080.630.52-0.07-0.240.140.47-0.35-0.580.010.88-0.83-1.30-0.50
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)1.791.070.521.492.501.501.272.142.581.471.212.182.741.371.372.182.960.900.801.62

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at Months 48, 60

BMD of lumbar spine (Lu Sp) and hip (total hip [Tl Hp], femoral neck [Fe Ne] and femur trochanter [Fe Tr]) was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The left hip was evaluated unless prevented by pathology, in which case the right hip was evaluated throughout the study. Results were scored as T score, defined as BMD at the site when compared to the young normal reference mean. Normal BMD is a T-score of -1.0 or higher. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 48, 60

,,
InterventionPercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Lu Sp:Change at Month 48 (n=886,876,886)Tl Hp:Change at Month 48 (n=877,865,868)Fe Ne:Change at Month 48 (n=879,866,870)Fe Tr:Change at Month 48 (n=879,734,870)Lu Sp:Change at Month 60 (n=742,747,746)Tl Hp:Change at Month 60 (n=738,733,736)Fe Ne:Change at Month 60 (n=740,734,737)Fe Tr:Change at Month 60 (n= 740,734,737)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)1.92-0.170.020.182.16-0.48-0.18-0.13
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)2.020.110.450.452.08-0.290.09-0.00
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)0.84-1.05-1.30-0.811.46-1.49-1.72-1.19

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Percent Change From Baseline in Osteocalcin at Months 36 and 60

Osteocalcin is a biochemical marker of bone formation. Blood samples were collected to evaluate osteocalcin levels. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 36, 60

,,
InterventionPercent change (Median)
Change at Month 36 (n=178,168,181)Change at Month 60 (n=127, 127, 132)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)-23.91-25.21
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)-26.99-30.41
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)-12.73-17.21

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Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ)

WHQ is a measure of mid-aged women's emotional and physical health. Consists of 36-item assessing nine domains of physical and emotional health: Depressed mood; Somatic symptoms; Anxiety/fears; Vasomotor symptoms; Sleep problems; Sexual behavior; Menstrual symptoms; Memory/concentration; and Attractiveness. Each item scored on a 4 point scale (yes definitely, yes sometimes, not much, no not at all) reduced to binary option as 0 (no) and 1 (yes). Domain subscale score was calculated as sum of domain items score divided by number of domain items. Total score was calculated as the sum of individual domain subscale score divided by number of domains. Total score range from 0 (absent) to 1 (present), with higher scores indicating more pronounced distress and dysfunction. Baseline values at different time points were considered only for the participants who were evaluable at those time points. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline

,,,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Baseline: Month 12 (n=1490,1435,1461,1503)Baseline: Month 24 (n=1307,1271,1311,1318)Baseline: Month 36 (n=1153,1138,1168,1179)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)0.3420.3390.333
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)0.3480.3430.341
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)0.3430.3430.339
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)0.3410.3380.341

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Percentage of Participants With Non-vertebral Fractures Through Month 84

Non-vertebral fractures were determined by direct questioning at each clinic visit after medication therapy begins. Osteoporosis-related, hip and wrist fractures were summarized. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline through Month 84

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Osteoporosis-RelatedHipWrist
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (SE II)11.200.744.61
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)10.771.343.62

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Percentage of Participants With Non-vertebral Fractures Through Month 60

Non-vertebral fractures were determined by direct questioning at each clinic visit after medication therapy begins. Osteoporosis-related, hip and wrist fractures were summarized. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline through Month 60

,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Osteoporosis-RelatedHipWrist
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)9.470.753.30
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)7.590.532.60
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)9.030.652.79

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Percentage of Participants With Non-vertebral Fractures Through Month 36

Non-vertebral fractures were determined by direct questioning at each clinic visit after medication therapy begins. Osteoporosis-related, hip and wrist fractures were summarized. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline through Month 36

,,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Osteoporosis-RelatedHipWrist
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)5.680.552.28
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)5.610.341.83
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)6.260.311.64
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)5.870.262.51

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Percentage of Participants With New Vertebral Fractures Through Month 84

New vertebral fracture: decrease in anterior, mid, or posterior vt height of approximately 20% and 4 millimeter (mm) or more from baseline (base) to end of study confirmed by measurement of involved vt body, a semi-quantitative grade change of 1 from base for any vertebra from fourth thoracic to fourth lumbar vertebra (T4 to L4), provided vertebra was not fractured at base. Participant was counted only once irrespective of how many new vt fractures were diagnosed. Stratification factor was base fracture status, categorized as no prevalent fracture and at least 1 prevalent fracture. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline through Month 84

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
No Prevalent Fracture (n=760,1501)At Least 1 Prevalent Fracture (n=981,1909)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (SE II)5.796.90
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)8.1811.35

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Percentage of Participants With New Vertebral Fractures Through Month 60

New vertebral fracture: decrease in anterior, mid, or posterior vt height of approximately 20% and 4 millimeter (mm) or more from baseline (base) to end of study confirmed by measurement of involved vt body, a semi-quantitative grade change of 1 from base for any vertebra from fourth thoracic to fourth lumbar vertebra (T4 to L4), provided vertebra was not fractured at base. Participant was counted only once irrespective of how many new vt fractures were diagnosed. Stratification factor was base fracture status, categorized as no prevalent fracture and at least 1 prevalent fracture. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline through Month 60

,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
No Prevalent Fracture (n=757,760,744)At Least 1 Prevalent Fracture (n=967,981,942)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)3.115.67
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)3.464.28
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)5.407.95

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Percent Change From Baseline in C-telopeptide (CTx) at Month 3, 6 and 12

C-telopeptide is a biochemical marker of bone formation. Blood samples were collected to evaluate C-telopeptide levels. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 12

,,,
InterventionPercent change (Median)
Change at Month 3 (n=1739,1708,1703,1746)Change at Month 6 (n=1655,1634,1634,1681)Change at Month 12 (n=1565,1522,1530,1573)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)-42.12-46.93-45.64
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)-45.11-50.00-48.77
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)-26.17-27.94-27.31
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)-45.48-52.55-54.55

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Percentage of Participants With New Vertebral Fractures Through Month 36

New vertebral fracture: decrease in anterior, mid, or posterior vertebral (vt) height of approximately 20% and 4 millimeter (mm) or more from baseline (base) to end of study confirmed by measurement of involved vt body, a semi-quantitative grade change of 1 from base for any vertebra from fourth thoracic to fourth lumbar vertebra (T4 to L4), provided vertebra was not fractured at base. Participant was counted only once irrespective of how many new vt fractures were diagnosed. Stratification factor was base fracture status, categorized as no prevalent fracture and at least 1 prevalent fracture. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline through Month 36

,,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
No Prevalent Fracture (n=757,744,742,760)At Least 1 Prevalent Fracture (n=967,942,954,981)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)1.982.63
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)2.142.80
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)3.134.80
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)1.842.74

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Percent Change From Baseline in Osteocalcin at Months 72 and 84

Osteocalcin is a biochemical marker of bone formation. Blood samples were collected to evaluate osteocalcin levels. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 72, 84

,
InterventionPercent change (Median)
Change at Month 72 (n=97,170)Change at Month 84 (n=84,147)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (SE II)-33.76-32.25
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)-26.72-29.50

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at Months 72 and 84

BMD of lumbar spine (Lu Sp) and hip (total hip [Tl Hp], femoral neck [Fe Ne] and femur trochanter [Fe Tr]) was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The left hip was evaluated unless prevented by pathology, in which case the right hip was evaluated throughout the study. Results were scored as T score, defined as BMD at the site when compared to the young normal reference mean. Normal BMD is a T-score of -1.0 or higher. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 72, 84

,
InterventionPercent change (Mean)
Lu Sp:Change at Month 72 (n=457,888)Tl Hp:Change at Month 72 (n=448,871)Fe Ne:Change at Month 72 (n=448,871)Fe Tr:Change at Month 72 (n=448,871)Lu Sp:Change at Month 84 (n=417,800)Tl Hp:Change at Month 84 (n=405,787)Fe Ne:Change at Month 84 (n=405,787)Fe Tr:Change at Month 84 (n=405,787)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (SE II)2.24-0.85-0.60-0.312.95-1.15-0.80-1.41
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)1.80-1.96-2.12-1.432.19-2.53-2.35-2.72

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Percent Change From Baseline in Osteocalcin at Month 3, 6 and 12

Osteocalcin is a biochemical marker of bone formation. Blood samples were collected to evaluate osteocalcin levels. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 3, 6, 12

,,,
InterventionPercent change (Median)
Change at Month 3 (n=1739,1708,1702,1746)Change at Month 6 (n=1655,1634,1633,1681)Change at Month 12 (n=1565,1522,1529,1573)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)-23.48-32.75-37.49
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)-25.28-35.20-39.15
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)-11.37-17.82-21.00
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)-26.18-35.96-41.44

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Percent Change From Baseline in Lipid Parameters at Months 6, 12, 24 and 36

Lipid parameters evaluated included total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein fraction 2 (HDL2) and high-density lipoprotein fraction 3 (HDL3). (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 6, 12, 24, 36

,,,
InterventionPercent change (Median)
TC:Change at Month 6 (n=1646,1623,1628,1673)LDL:Change at Month 6 (n=1647,1623,1627,1674)HDL:Change at Month 6 (n=1647,1619,1626,1671)HDL2:Change at Month 6 (n=1643,1618,1623,1666)HDL3:Change at Month 6 (n=1643,1619,1625,1668)TG:Change at Month 6 (n=1646,1623,1628,1673)TC:Change at Month 12 (n=1556,1515,1536,1578)LDL:Change at Month 12 (n=1559,1516,1534,1578)HDL:Change at Month 12 (n=1552,1513,1531,1576)HDL2:Change at Month 12 (n=1550,1510,1528,1570)HDL3:Change at Month 12 (n=1551,1511,1531,1572)TG:Change at Month 12 (n=1556,1515,1535,1578)TC:Change at Month 24 (n=1378,1341,1377,1385)LDL:Change at Month 24 (n=1379,1341,1376,1384)HDL:Change at Month 24 (n=1377,1338,1374,1382)HDL2:Change at Month 24 (n=1369,1336,1363,1377)HDL3:Change at Month 24 (n=1370,1337,1365,1379)TG:Change at Month 24 (n=1378,1341,1377,1385)TC:Change at Month 36 (n=1220,1201,1225,1248)LDL:Change at Month 36 (n=1220,1201,1223,1247)HDL:Change at Month 36 (n=1216,1196,1219,1246)HDL2:Change at Month 36 (n=1209,1191,1214,1236)HDL3:Change at Month 36 (n=1210,1194,1218,1237)TG:Change at Month 36 (n=1220,1201,1225,1248)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)-3.89-8.551.43-13.899.384.28-4.14-7.791.14-16.559.855.95-4.17-4.513.57-10.2610.814.23-3.75-5.365.10-19.5118.188.48
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)-4.73-10.181.06-11.868.607.14-3.66-8.450.66-16.3310.008.14-4.72-5.942.42-11.9410.778.09-3.47-6.635.93-17.0717.9313.59
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)0.00-1.170.00-12.226.904.900.870.66-1.17-14.296.387.990.384.411.63-10.616.986.190.341.552.51-18.6613.3312.11
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)-5.50-11.520.00-14.758.705.71-5.18-10.280.58-17.549.526.25-5.68-7.302.41-13.0410.995.17-5.04-8.515.00-18.4717.1412.21

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Percent Change From Baseline in C-telopeptide (CTx) at Months 72 and 84

C-telopeptide is a biochemical marker of bone formation. Blood samples were collected to evaluate C-telopeptide levels. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 72, 84

,
InterventionPercent change (Median)
Change at Month 72 (n=97,170)Change at Month 84 (n=84,147)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (SE II)-37.41-28.17
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)-29.44-28.61

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: ACF

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD Calculated indices included: Activation Frequency (ACF). The total period (TP) is the duration between the beginning of one formation period (FP) and the beginning of the next FP. The number of times per year that this spot begins the FP is the activation frequency (ACF). (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 36

InterventionActivation of bone formation/year (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)0.421
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)0.385
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)0.290
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)0.410

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: BFRBV

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD Calculated indices included: Bone Formation Rate (BFR)-Bone Volume Reference (BFRBV). BFR accounts the bone volume which is actively mineralizing, which depends on the number of osteoblasts that are active. BFR= Fraction of mineralizing volume and bone volume multiplied by mineralization apposition rate (MAR). (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 36

Interventionsquare millimetre/square millimetre/year (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)0.186
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)0.171
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)0.122
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)0.187

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: BFRTS

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD Calculated indices included: Bone Form Rate (BFR)-Total Surface Reference (BFRTS). BFR accounts the bone surface which is actively mineralizing, which depends on the number of osteoblasts that are active. BFR= Fraction of mineralizing surface and bone surface multiplied by mineralization apposition rate (MAR). (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 36

Interventioncubic millimetre/square millimetre/year (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)0.013
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)0.012
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)0.009
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)0.012

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: MAR

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD Calculated indices included: Mineral Apposition Rate (MAR). MAR is the area of new bone formed during the label interval. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 36

Interventionmcm/days (mcm/d) (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)0.578
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)0.563
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)0.520
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)0.550

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: Mlt

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD Calculated indices included: Mineralization Lag Time (Mlt). Mineralization lag time was the lag between the time osteoid was formed and the mineral was added. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 36

Interventiondays (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)31.650
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)30.337
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)48.383
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)29.533

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: SuD

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD Calculated indices included: Surface Density (SuD). (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 36

Interventionsquare millimeter per cubic millimeter (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)2.405
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)2.632
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)2.424
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)2.587

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: TbN

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD Calculated indices included: Trabecular Number (TbN). TbN= Ratio of bone volume to tissue volume divided by trabecular thickness. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 36

Interventionratio/millimeter (ratio/mm) (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)1.202
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)1.315
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)1.212
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)1.293

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: Total Surface (Goldner Slide) [TSG]

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD. Calculated indices included: Total Surface (Goldner Slide) [TSG]. All specimens were demineralized and subjected to staining procedures (Goldner's staining). Slides were analyzed using light microscopy for total surface area, the surface area that consisted of bone and the surface area that consisted of graft material (all in mm^2 and expressed as percent (%) of the total surface. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 36

Interventionmillimeter (mm) (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)95.111
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)110.897
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)94.353
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)105.912

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: TtAr

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD. Calculated variable: Tissue Area (TtAr). Tissue area comprised of the porous calcified substance from which bones were made. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 36

InterventionSquare millimeter (mm^2) (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)39.904
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)42.334
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)39.497
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)41.459

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: ACF

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD Calculated indices included: Activation Frequency (ACF). The total period (TP) is the duration between the beginning of one formation period (FP) and the beginning of the next FP. The number of times per year that this spot begins the FP is the activation frequency (ACF). (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 60

InterventionActivation of bone formation/year (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)0.375
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)0.198
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)0.610

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Percent Change From Baseline in C-telopeptide (CTx) at Months 36 and 60

C-telopeptide is a biochemical marker of bone formation. Blood samples were collected to evaluate C-telopeptide levels. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline, Months 36, 60

,,
InterventionPercent change (Median)
Change at Month 36 (n=178,180,168)Change at Month 60 (n=127,131,126)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)-30.54-26.80
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)-32.26-27.87
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)-21.85-10.40

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: BFRTS

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD Calculated indices included: Bone Form Rate (BFR)-Total Surface Reference (BFRTS). BFR accounts the bone surface which is actively mineralizing, which depends on the number of osteoblasts that are active. BFR= Fraction of mineralizing surface and bone surface multiplied by mineralization apposition rate (MAR). (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 60

Interventioncubic millimetre/square millimetre/year (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)0.013
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)0.006
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)0.018

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: MAR

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD Calculated indices included: Mineral Apposition Rate (MAR). MAR is the area of new bone formed during the label interval. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 60

Interventionmcm/d (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)0.525
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)0.573
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)0.490

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: Mlt

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD Calculated indices included: Mineralization Lag Time (Mlt). Mineralization lag time was the lag between the time osteoid was formed and the mineral was added. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 60

Interventiondays (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)43.450
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)51.100
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)31.900

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: SuD

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD Calculated indices included: Surface Density (SuD). (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 60

Interventionsquare millimeter per cubic millimeter (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)2.625
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)2.248
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)3.120

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: TbN

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD Calculated indices included: Trabecular Number (TbN). TbN= Ratio of bone volume to tissue volume divided by trabecular thickness. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 60

Interventionratio/mm (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)1.315
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)1.125
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)1.560

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: TSG

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD. Calculated indices included: Total Surface (Goldner Slide) [TSG]. All specimens were demineralized and subjected to staining procedures (Goldner's staining). Slides were analyzed using light microscopy for total surface area, the surface area that consisted of bone and the surface area that consisted of graft material (all in mm^2 and expressed as percent (%) of the total surface. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 60

Interventionmm (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)75.333
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)75.560
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)128.500

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: TtAr

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD. Calculated variable: Tissue Area (TtAr). Tissue area comprised of the porous calcified substance from which bones were made. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 60

Interventionmm^2 (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)28.767
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)34.600
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)41.200

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Change From Baseline in Height at Month 36

Height was measured 3 times using standardized Harpenden stadiometer (height based on the middle stadiometer reading was recorded). (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 36

Interventionmillimeter (mm) (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)-3.7
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)-3.9
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)-4.5
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)-3.3

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Change From Baseline in Height at Month 60

Height was measured 3 times using standardized Harpenden stadiometer (height based on the middle stadiometer reading was recorded). (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 60

Interventionmm (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)-0.50
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)-0.41
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)-0.41

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Change From Baseline in Height at Month 84

Height (cm) was measured 3 times using standardized Harpenden stadiometer (height based on the middle stadiometer reading was recorded). (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 84

Interventionmm (Mean)
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)-0.68
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (SE II)-0.73

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Incidence of Breast Cancer Through Month 36

Incidence of breast cancer was defined as the number of participants with breast cancer diagnosis by the time point of interest divided by the number of participants included in the analysis. The reported rate was rescaled to reflect average follow-up time per 1000 women (1000 multiplied by number of cases divided by total follow-up time). (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline through Month 36

InterventionBreast cancer per 1000-women years (Number)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)1.09
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)0.90
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)1.55
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)1.74

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Incidence of Breast Cancer Through Month 60

Incidence of breast cancer was defined as the number of participants with breast cancer diagnosis by the time point of interest divided by the number of participants included in the analysis. The reported rate was rescaled to reflect average follow-up time per 1000 women (1000 multiplied by number of cases divided by total follow-up time). (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline through Month 60

InterventionBreast cancer per 1000-women years (Number)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)1.40
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)1.56
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)1.43

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Incidence of Breast Cancer Through Month 84

Incidence of breast cancer was defined as the number of participants with breast cancer diagnosis by the time point of interest divided by the number of participants included in the analysis. The reported rate was rescaled to reflect average follow-up time per 1000 women (1000 multiplied by number of cases divided by total follow-up time). (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline through Month 84

InterventionBreast cancer per 1000-women years (Number)
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)1.50
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (SE II)1.52

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Number of Participants With Worsening Vertebral Fractures Through Month 36

A worsening vertebral fracture was defined as a decrease in anterior, mid, or posterior vertebral height of at least 20% and at least 4 mm as evaluated by quantitative morphometric assessment, and a grade change of at least 1 as rated by a radiologist using the semi-quantitative rating scale. It can occur only in a vertebra that was fractured at baseline. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline through Month 36

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)3
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)2
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)2
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)1

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Number of Participants With Worsening Vertebral Fractures Through Month 60

A worsening vertebral fracture was defined as a decrease in anterior, mid, or posterior vertebral height of at least 20% and at least 4 mm as evaluated by quantitative morphometric assessment, and a grade change of at least 1 as rated by a radiologist using the semi-quantitative rating scale. It can occur only in a vertebra that was fractured at baseline. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline through Month 60

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)4
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)1
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)2

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Number of Participants With Worsening Vertebral Fractures Through Month 84

A worsening vertebral fracture was defined as a decrease in anterior, mid, or posterior vertebral height of at least 20% and at least 4 mm as evaluated by quantitative morphometric assessment, and a grade change of at least 1 as rated by a radiologist using the semi-quantitative rating scale. It can occur only in a vertebra that was fractured at baseline. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline through Month 84

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)1
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (SE II)7

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Percentage of Participants With New Clinical Vertebral Fractures Through Month 36

A new clinical vertebral fracture was defined as a new fracture found at any time because of back pain suggestive of fracture(s). New Clinical vertebral fractures were verified with radiographic assessment using both semi-quantitative and quantitative morphometric assessment: decrease in anterior, mid, or posterior vt height of approximately 20% and 4 mm or more from base to end of study confirmed by measurement of involved vt body, a semi-quantitative grade change of 1 from base for any vertebra from T4 to L4, provided vertebra was not fractured at base. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline through Month 36

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)0.72
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)0.76
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)0.87
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)0.94

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Percentage of Participants With New Clinical Vertebral Fractures Through Month 60

A new clinical vertebral fracture was defined as a new fracture found at any time because of back pain suggestive of fracture(s). New Clinical vertebral fractures were verified with radiographic assessment using both semi-quantitative and quantitative morphometric assessment: decrease in anterior, mid, or posterior vt height of approximately 20% and 4 mm or more from base to end of study confirmed by measurement of involved vt body, a semi-quantitative grade change of 1 from base for any vertebra from T4 to L4, provided vertebra was not fractured at base. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline through Month 60

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)0.79
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)1.37
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)0.84

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Percentage of Participants With New Clinical Vertebral Fractures Through Month 84

A new clinical vertebral fracture was defined as a new fracture found at any time because of back pain suggestive of fracture(s). New Clinical vertebral fractures were verified with radiographic assessment using both semi-quantitative and quantitative morphometric assessment: decrease in anterior, mid, or posterior vt height of approximately 20% and 4 mm or more from base to end of study confirmed by measurement of involved vt body, a semi-quantitative grade change of 1 from base for any vertebra from T4 to L4, provided vertebra was not fractured at base. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Baseline through Month 84

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)1.92
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (SE II)1.28

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: BFP, RP and RmP

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD. Calculated indices included: Bone Formation Period (BFP), Resorption Period (RP), Remodeling Period (RmP). (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 36

,,,
Interventionyears (yrs) (Least Squares Mean)
BFP (n=24,27,24,27)RP (n=24,27,24,27)RmP (n=24,27,24,27)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)0.4630.0800.543
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)0.4410.0660.508
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)0.4360.0960.531
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)0.7510.1250.876

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: BV, OV, OS, OcS, ObS, MS, ES, OMS, CP

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD. Percentage of following indices (volume,surface,porosity) was calculated:Bone Volume(BV), Osteoid Volume(OV), Osteoid Surface(OS), Osteoclast Surface(OcS), Osteoblast Surface(ObS), Mineralizing surface(MS), Eroded Surface(ES), Osteoid Mineralizing surface(OMS), Cortical porosity(CP). (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 36

,,,
InterventionPercentage of indices (Least Squares Mean)
BV (n=25,27,28,30)OV (n=25,27,28,30)OS (n=25,27,28,30)OcS (n=25,27,28,30)ObS (n=25,27,28,30)MS (n=25,27,28,30)ES (n=25,27,28,30)OMS (n=28,29,32,32)CP (n=25,27,27,29)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)17.0781.51312.5160.2764.2355.9621.61049.6294.484
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)19.1551.64414.1960.3344.2255.9601.85549.1454.130
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)17.1441.60512.9340.2423.6725.7051.29951.5034.334
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)16.6501.29012.4420.2152.7723.9261.89137.8564.319

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 36: WTh, OTh, TbTh, TbSp and CTh

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD. Calculated indices included: Wall Thickness (WTh), Osteoid Thickness (OTh), Trabecular Thickness (TbTh), Trabecular Separation (TbSp) and Cortical thickness (CTh). Trabecular separation defined as the thickness of the spaces as defined by binarization within the volume of interest. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 36

,,,
Interventionmicrometer (mcm) (Least Squares Mean)
WTh (n=25,27,28,30)OTh (n=25,27,28,30)TbTh (n=25,27,28,30)TbSp (n=25,27,28,30)CTh (n=25,27,27,30)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)31.3486.180140.440865.040891.480
Bazedoxifene 40 mg (Core)31.6896.085146.296770.148694.370
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)30.4475.660131.333787.900761.467
Raloxifene 60 mg (Core)31.0895.554139.143880.571781.593

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: BFP, RP and RmP

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD. Calculated indices included: Bone Formation Period (BFP), Resorption Period (RP), Remodeling Period (RmP). (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 60

,,
Interventionyrs (Least Squares Mean)
BFP (n=2,4,1)RP (n=2,4,1)RmP (n=2,4,1)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)0.5450.0350.580
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)0.3900.0200.410
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)0.8200.0350.860

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: BV, OV, OS, OcS, ObS, MS, ES, OMS, CP

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD. Percentage of following indices (volume,surface,porosity) was calculated:Bone Volume(BV), Osteoid Volume(OV), Osteoid Surface(OS), Osteoclast Surface(OcS), Osteoblast Surface(ObS), Mineralizing surface(MS), Eroded Surface(ES), Osteoid Mineralizing surface(OMS), Cortical porosity(CP). (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 60

,,
InterventionPercentage of indices (Least Squares Mean)
BV (n=2,4,1)OV (n=2,4,1)OS (n=2,4,1)OcS (n=2,4,1)ObS (n=2,4,1)MS (n=2,4,1)ES (n=2,4,1)OMS (n=3,5,1)CP (n=0,0,0)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)20.3152.55020.2700.4457.1706.9101.22557.300NA
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)21.5902.79023.8700.3107.2609.7800.99040.900NA
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)17.8180.8939.7720.1732.4302.9200.54243.060NA

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Bone Histomorphometric Indices at Month 60: WTh, OTh, TbTh, TbSp and CTh

Bone histomorphometry verified rate of bone remodeling. Anterior iliac crest bone biopsy done to exclude presence of osteomalacia or more subtle defects in mineralization; investigated qualitative aspects of bone. Also assessed decrease in rate of bone turnover, investigated mechanism for observed increase in BMD. Calculated indices included: WTh, OTh, TbTh, TbSp and CTh. Trabecular separation defined as the thickness of the spaces as defined by binarization within the volume of interest. (NCT00205777)
Timeframe: Month 60

,,
Interventionmcm (Least Squares Mean)
WTh (n=2,4,1)OTh (n=2,4,1)TbTh (n=2,4,1)TbSp (n=2,4,1)CTh (n=0,0,0)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg (Core+SE I)34.2507.450154.500748.000NA
Bazedoxifene 40/20 mg (SE I)28.7006.400139.000628.000NA
Placebo (Core+SE I+SE II)30.3005.500153.000920.750NA

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Percentage of Participants With Uterine Bleeding or Spotting

Data was collected every day after randomization up to Year 1 and was analyzed in 4 weeks intervals. Data for screening was not analyzed since data were collected only for 7 days at screening which was not considered comparable to 4-week post-baseline data. (NCT00242710)
Timeframe: Screening, Week 1 to 4, 5 to 8, 9 to 12, 13 to 16, 17 to 20, 21 to 24, 25 to 28, 29 to 32, 33 to 36, 37 to 40, 41 to 44, 45 to 48, 49 to 52

,,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 1-4 (n=330, 313, 159, 155)Week 5-8 (n=320, 315, 153, 151)Week 9-12 (n=316, 310, 147, 146)Week 13-16 (n=310, 296, 137, 149)Week 17-20 (n=315, 311, 144, 150)Week 21-24 (n=311, 306, 142, 147)Week 25-28 (n=294, 290, 131, 143)Week 29-32 (n=298, 297, 135, 141)Week 33-36 (n=296, 291, 134, 140)Week 37-40 (n=282, 279, 131, 139)Week 41-44 (n=285, 284, 132, 141)Week 45-48 (n=280, 282, 130, 140)Week 49-52 (n=45, 51, 15, 31)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg5.452.192.532.902.220.962.040.672.032.131.401.790.00
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.625 mg4.152.864.522.701.611.311.382.022.752.871.062.481.96
Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg19.5023.5325.1716.7916.6716.209.9211.1111.9411.458.3311.5433.33
Placebo4.523.312.741.340.672.722.100.712.862.882.842.866.45

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Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Lumbar Spine at Screening

BMD measurements of the anteroposterior lumbar spine were acquired by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), twice during screening in participants who entered the osteoporosis substudy. The second scan was to be performed on the same day as the first; however, the participant was to be removed completely from the table after the first scan and repositioned for the second scan. An average of the 2 readings was reported. (NCT00242710)
Timeframe: Screening

Interventiongrams per square centimeter (g/cm^2) (Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg1.00
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.625 mg1.01
Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg1.02
Placebo1.01

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Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Total Hip at Screening

BMD measurements of the total hip were acquired by DXA, twice during screening in participants who entered the osteoporosis substudy. The second scan was to be performed on the same day as the first; however, the participant was to be removed completely from the table after the first scan and repositioned for the second scan. An average of the 2 readings was reported. (NCT00242710)
Timeframe: Screening

Interventiong/cm^2 (Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg0.90
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.625 mg0.89
Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg0.90
Placebo0.89

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Lumbar Spine at Month 12

BMD measurements of the anteroposterior lumbar spine were acquired by DXA, twice at Month 12 in participants who entered the osteoporosis substudy. The second scan was to be performed on the same day as the first; however, the participant was to be removed completely from the table after the first scan and repositioned for the second scan. An average of the 2 readings was reported. (NCT00242710)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 12

Interventionpercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg0.80
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.625 mg0.80
Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg2.22
Placebo-1.56

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Lumbar Spine at Month 24

BMD measurements of the anteroposterior lumbar spine were acquired by DXA, twice at Month 24 in participants who entered the osteoporosis substudy. The second scan was to be performed on the same day as the first; however, the participant was to be removed completely from the table after the first scan and repositioned for the second scan. An average of the 2 readings was reported. (NCT00242710)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 24

Interventionpercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg0.96
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.625 mg0.86
Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg2.39
Placebo-2.29

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Total Hip at Month 12

BMD measurements of the total hip were acquired by DXA, twice at Month 12 in participants who entered the osteoporosis substudy. The second scan was to be performed on the same day as the first; however, the participant was to be removed completely from the table after the first scan and repositioned for the second scan. An average of the 2 readings was reported. (NCT00242710)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 12

Interventionpercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg0.62
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.625 mg0.84
Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg1.47
Placebo-0.99

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Total Hip at Month 24

BMD measurements of the total hip were acquired by DXA, twice at Month 24 in participants who entered the osteoporosis substudy. The second scan was to be performed on the same day as the first; however, the participant was to be removed completely from the table after the first scan and repositioned for the second scan. An average of the 2 readings was reported. (NCT00242710)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 24

Interventionpercent change (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg0.30
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.625 mg0.41
Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg0.85
Placebo-1.53

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Percentage of Participants With Hyperplasia at Month 12

Endometrial hyperplasia was assessed by endometrial biopsies. All endometrial biopsies were read centrally by 2 primary pathologists. Participants were considered to have a diagnosis of hyperplasia if both pathologists read hyperplasia (simple hyperplasia with or without atypia or complex hyperplasia with or without atypia). If the both pathologists disagreed on the presence of hyperplasia, a third pathologist was consulted, with the final diagnosis determined by the majority opinion. (NCT00242710)
Timeframe: Month 12

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg0.00
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.625 mg1.10
Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg0.00
Placebo0.00

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Percentage of Participants With Hyperplasia at Month 24

Endometrial hyperplasia was assessed by endometrial biopsies. All endometrial biopsies were read centrally by 2 primary pathologists. Participants were considered to have a diagnosis of hyperplasia if both pathologists read hyperplasia (simple hyperplasia with or without atypia or complex hyperplasia with or without atypia). If the both pathologists disagreed on the presence of hyperplasia, a third pathologist was consulted, with the final diagnosis determined by the majority opinion. (NCT00242710)
Timeframe: Month 24

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg0.00
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.625 mg4.93
Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg0.00
Placebo0.00

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Percentage of Days With Breast Pain

Percentage of days with breast pain in each 4-week period (for example, Week 1 to 4, 5 to 8) calculated as the number of days on which a participants reported breast pain divided by total number of days with data recorded multiplied by 100. Data was collected every day after randomization up to Year 1 and was analyzed in 4 weeks intervals. Data for screening was not analyzed since data were collected only for 7 days at screening which was not considered comparable to 4-week post-baseline data. (NCT00242710)
Timeframe: Screening, Week 1 to 4, 5 to 8, 9 to 12, 13 to 16, 17 to 20, 21 to 24, 25 to 28, 29 to 32, 33 to 36, 37 to 40, 41 to 44, 45 to 48, 49 to 52

,,,
Interventionpercentage of days (Mean)
Week 1-4 (n=347, 329, 168, 163)Week 5-8 (n=331, 323, 158, 158)Week 9-12 (n=323, 317, 150, 152)Week 13-16 (n=315, 310, 141, 150)Week 17-20 (n=313, 309, 141, 149)Week 21-24 (n=312, 306, 141, 147)Week 25-28 (n=306, 298, 136, 144)Week 29-32 (n=301, 297, 133, 143)Week 33-36 (n=297, 294, 132, 143)Week 37-40 (n=295, 288, 130, 140)Week 41-44 (n=286, 285, 128, 140)Week 45-48 (n=282, 284, 127, 140)Week 49-52 (n=170, 171, 70, 91)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg1.551.712.001.872.112.492.601.801.291.611.991.681.07
Bazedoxifene 20 mg/Conjugated Estrogen 0.625 mg1.221.581.010.881.571.851.310.820.250.250.561.261.68
Conjugated Estrogen 0.45 mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg3.495.544.803.924.235.014.913.983.493.872.492.525.27
Placebo0.891.361.360.771.611.261.390.17-0.260.570.861.171.49

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Turnover Markers (BTMs) at Month 6 and Month 12: Osteoporosis Sub-Study

Bone turnover is the removal of old bone from the body and its replacement by new bone. Bone turnover markers included serum osteocalcin, C-telopeptide, and procollagen type 1 N-propeptide (P1NP), were measured at Month 6 and Month 12 for a subset of participants who entered the osteoporosis substudy. Blood samples were collected to evaluate bone turnover markers levels. (NCT00808132)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6, 12

,,,,
InterventionPercent Change (Median)
Osteocalcin: Month 6 (n=115, 136, 56, 56, 134)Osteocalcin: Month 12 (n=104, 127, 52, 50, 125)C-Telopeptide: Month 6 (n=115, 136, 56, 56, 133)C-Telopeptide: Month 12 (n=104, 127, 52,50,124)P1NP: Month 6 (n=114,135, 57, 56, 133)P1NP: Month 12 (n=103, 127, 53, 50, 125)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg-15.60-16.05-29.37-27.39-17.38-23.97
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.45 mg-25.21-30.46-34.16-40.86-33.73-42.38
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.625 mg-27.79-37.02-41.41-50.06-30.26-43.58
Conjugated Estrogens 0.45mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg-25.34-32.79-54.05-52.56-39.99-50.19
Placebo-3.19-5.28-10.17-5.525.99-11.13

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Total Hip at Month 6, 12: Osteoporosis Sub-Study

BMD measurements of the total hip were acquired by using DXA scans, twice at Month 6 and 12 for a subset of participants who entered the osteoporosis substudy. The second scan was to be performed on the same day as the first; however, the participant was to be removed completely from the table after the first scan and repositioned for the second scan. Mean percentage change from baseline of the 2 readings were reported. (NCT00808132)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6, Month 12

,,,,
InterventionPercent Change (Least Squares Mean)
Change at Month 6 (n=117, 136, 55, 57, 134)Change at Month 12 (n=119, 139, 56, 59, 139)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg0.320.47
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.45 mg0.430.50
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.625 mg0.660.89
Conjugated Estrogens 0.45mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg0.450.71
Placebo-0.90-0.72

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Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) Score at Baseline: Sleep Sub-Study

MENQOL questionnaire assessed how bothered participants were due to menopause. It consists of 29 items divided into 4 domains: vasomotor function (3 items), psychosocial function (7 items), physical function (16 items), and sexual function (3 items). Each item scores a range from 1 to 8, with 1 indicating that the participant did not experience the symptom or problem, 8 indicating that the participant was extremely bothered by the symptom or problem. The total score for each domain is the average of item scores and ranged from 1 to 8 with higher score indicating worsening of symptoms. The MENQOL total score is the mean of these 4 domain scores and ranged from 1 to 8 with higher score indicating worsening of symptoms. (NCT00808132)
Timeframe: Baseline

,,,,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Mean)
Vasomotor function (n=111, 121, 47, 52, 112)Psychosocial function (n=111, 121, 47, 52, 112)Physical function (n=111, 121, 47, 52, 112)Sexual function (n=110, 121, 47, 52, 112)MENQOL Total Score (n=110, 121, 47, 52, 112)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg5.873.493.964.054.34
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.45 mg5.403.463.743.744.07
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.625 mg5.603.413.583.634.05
Conjugated Estrogens 0.45mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg5.653.483.743.734.15
Placebo5.623.223.583.834.06

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Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Sleep Scale at Baseline: Sleep Sub-Study

Participant-rated questionnaire to assess sleep quality and quantity. Consists of 12-item questionnaires answered on a range of 1 to 6 for questions (Q) 3 to 12, 1 to 5 for Q1 (some questions are reversed so that a high score reflects more of the attributes); and Q2 answered on 0 to 24. Scores are transformed (actual raw score minus lowest possible score divided by possible raw score range* 100); total score range: 0 to 100; higher score = greater intensity of attribute. The items contribute to each scale and are averaged to create the 7 scale scores and a sleep quantity scale. Scales with at least one item answered was used to generate a scale score. Scales include; sleep disturbance (SD), snoring, awaken short of breath (ASoB) or with a headache (H), somnolence, sleep adequacy (SA), sleep problem index (SPI) I and II (range: 0-100) and sleep quantity (SQ [range 0 to 24]). Except for sleep quantity, higher scores=greater impairment. (NCT00808132)
Timeframe: Baseline

,,,,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Mean)
SD (n=112, 121, 47, 52, 111)Snoring (n=110, 121, 47, 51, 108)ASoB or H (n=112, 121, 47,52,111)Somnolence (n=112, 121, 47, 52, 111)SA (n=112, 121, 47, 52, 111)SPI I (n=112, 121, 47, 52, 111)SPI II (n=112, 121, 47, 52, 111)SQ (n=111, 121, 47, 52, 111)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg50.537.913.234.637.444.746.45.9
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.45 mg48.932.112.536.339.344.545.56.2
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.625 mg48.227.611.930.041.742.043.26.1
Conjugated Estrogens 0.45mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg50.433.113.128.736.544.945.26.2
Placebo47.834.412.131.240.343.443.76.2

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Change From Baseline in Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) Score at Month 3: Sleep Sub-Study

MENQOL questionnaire assessed how bothered participants were due to menopause. It consists of 29 items divided into 4 domains: vasomotor function (3 items), psychosocial function (7 items), physical function (16 items), and sexual function (3 items). Each item scores a range from 1 to 8, with 1 indicating that the participant did not experience the symptom or problem, 8 indicating that the participant was extremely bothered by the symptom or problem. The total score for each domain is the average of item scores and ranged from 1 to 8 with higher score indicating worsening of symptoms. The MENQOL total score is the mean of these 4 domain scores and ranged from 1 to 8 with higher score indicating worsening of symptoms. (NCT00808132)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3

,,,,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Vasomotor function (n=111, 121, 47, 52, 112)Psychosocial function (n=111, 121, 47, 52, 112)Physical function (n=111, 121, 47, 52, 112)Sexual function (n=110, 121, 47, 52, 112)MENQOL Total Score (n=110, 121, 47, 52, 112)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg-1.25-0.47-0.67-0.09-0.63
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.45 mg-2.37-0.67-0.92-1.20-1.27
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.625 mg-2.75-0.84-1.11-1.40-1.53
Conjugated Estrogens 0.45mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg-3.19-0.83-0.76-0.76-1.39
Placebo-1.45-0.74-0.87-1.04-1.03

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Change From Baseline in Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Sleep Scale at Month 3: Sleep Sub-Study

Participant-rated questionnaire to assess sleep quality and quantity. Consists of 12-item questionnaires answered on a range of 1 to 6 for questions (Q) 3 to 12, 1 to 5 for Q1 (some questions are reversed so that a high score reflects more of the attributes); and Q2 answered on 0 to 24. Scores are transformed (actual raw score minus lowest possible score divided by possible raw score range* 100); total score range: 0 to 100; higher score = greater intensity of attribute. The items contribute to each scale and are averaged to create the 7 scale scores and a sleep quantity scale. Scales with at least one item answered was used to generate a scale score. Scales include; sleep disturbance (SD), snoring, awaken short of breath (ASoB) or with a headache (H), somnolence, sleep adequacy (SA), sleep problem index (SPI) I and II (range: 0-100) and sleep quantity (SQ [range 0 to 24]). Except for sleep quantity, higher scores=greater impairment. (NCT00808132)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3

,,,,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
SD (n=112, 121, 47, 52, 111)Snoring (n=110, 121, 47, 51, 108)ASoB or H (n=112,121,47,52,111)Somnolence (n=112,121,47,52,111)SA (n=112, 121, 47, 52, 111)SPI I (n=112, 121, 47, 52, 111)SPI II (n=112, 121, 47, 52,111)SQ (n=111, 121, 47, 52, 111)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg-11.64-2.54-3.12-6.129.10-8.92-9.640.32
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.45 mg-17.27-5.86-4.26-10.5414.22-13.19-14.010.28
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.625 mg-18.18-5.38-5.81-9.7214.30-13.99-14.530.44
Conjugated Estrogens 0.45mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg-18.01-2.90-3.62-7.3615.10-13.71-14.120.41
Placebo-14.34-2.71-3.63-10.5511.46-11.84-12.040.36

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Percentage of Participants With Cumulative Amenorrhea: Main Study

Cumulative amenorrhea was defined as the absence of any bleeding or spotting for cumulative 4-week periods throughout 1-year study. (NCT00808132)
Timeframe: Day 1 up to Day 364

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.45 mg87.89
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.625 mg84.87
Bazedoxifene 20 mg82.35
Conjugated Estrogens 0.45mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg54.43
Placebo83.91

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Percent Change From Baseline in Breast Density at Month 12: Breast Density Sub-Study

Breast density was assessed by digitalized mammograms which were centrally read by a single radiologist using specifically-developed software. Breast density was assessed for subset of participants who entered the breast density sub-study (NCT00808132)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 12

InterventionPercent Change (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.45 mg-0.38
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.625 mg-0.45
Bazedoxifene 20 mg-0.25
Conjugated Estrogens 0.45mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg1.60
Placebo-0.32

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Lumbar Spine at Month 6: Osteoporosis Sub-Study

BMD measurements of the anteroposterior lumbar spine were acquired by using DXA scans, twice at Month 6 for a subset of participants who entered the osteoporosis substudy. The second scan was to be performed on the same day as the first; however, the participant was to be removed completely from the table after the first scan and repositioned for the second scan. Mean percentage change from baseline of the 2 readings were reported. (NCT00808132)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 6

InterventionPercent Change (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.45 mg0.12
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.625 mg0.51
Bazedoxifene 20 mg0.00
Conjugated Estrogens 0.45mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg0.64
Placebo-0.68

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Percent Change From Baseline in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of Lumbar Spine at Month 12: Osteoporosis Sub-Study

BMD measurements of the anteroposterior lumbar spine were acquired by using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, twice at Month 12 for a subset of participants who entered the osteoporosis substudy. The second scan was to be performed on the same day as the first; however, the participant was to be removed completely from the table after the first scan and repositioned for the second scan. Mean percentage change from baseline of the 2 readings were reported. (NCT00808132)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 12

InterventionPercent Change (Least Squares Mean)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.45 mg0.24
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.625 mg0.60
Bazedoxifene 20 mg0.07
Conjugated Estrogens 0.45mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg1.30
Placebo-1.28

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Percentage of Participants With Breast Tenderness

Percentage of participants who reported at least 1 day of breast tenderness during each 4-week period for 1-year on therapy was calculated. (NCT00808132)
Timeframe: Screening, Week 1-4, 5-8, 9-12, 13-16, 17-20, 21-24, 25-28, 29-32, 33-36, 37-40, 41-44, 45-48, 49-52

,,,,
InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Screening (n=429, 449, 220, 206, 457)Week 1-4 (n=426, 449, 220, 205, 457)Week 5-8 (n=423, 447, 216, 202, 456)Week 9-12 (n=412, 439, 212, 196, 447)Week 13-16 (n=411, 433, 208, 193, 440)Week 17-20 (n=395, 412, 197, 181, 420)Week 21-24 (n=391, 410, 195, 180, 416)Week 25-28 (n=389, 409, 193, 179, 416)Week 29-32 (n=372, 403, 190, 171, 401)Week 33-36 (n=369, 401, 188, 168, 395)Week 37-40 (n=369, 399, 187, 166, 390)Week 41-44 (n=359, 384, 184, 159, 382)Week 45-48 (n=354, 382, 184, 157, 379)Week 49-52 (n=353, 380, 183, 156, 376)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg4.555.917.876.608.656.095.644.151.583.192.671.632.171.64
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.45 mg6.299.398.045.837.064.054.603.084.572.984.073.623.673.12
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.625 mg6.469.136.947.978.314.373.905.623.973.494.012.603.142.89
Conjugated Estrogens 0.45mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg7.2820.4924.2623.9821.2417.1315.0015.6415.2012.5012.059.4310.839.62
Placebo6.568.328.555.375.914.294.334.092.002.283.082.623.172.66

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Percentage of Participants With Endometrial Hyperplasia at Month 12: Main Study

Endometrial hyperplasia was assessed by endometrial biopsies. All endometrial biopsies were read centrally by 2 primary pathologists. If both the pathologists disagreed on the presence of hyperplasia, a third pathologist was consulted. Results were summarized for two definitions of hyperplasia (simple hyperplasia with or without atypia or complex hyperplasia with or without atypia); definition 1: participants were considered to have a diagnosis of hyperplasia when the 3 pathologists disagreed but at least 1 pathologist determined hyperplasia; definition 2: participants were considered to have a diagnosis of hyperplasia if at least 2 of the 3 pathologists agreed on the diagnosis. (NCT00808132)
Timeframe: Month 12

,,,,
InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Definition 1Definition 2
Bazedoxifene 20 mg0.000.00
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.45 mg0.300.30
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.625 mg0.540.27
Conjugated Estrogens 0.45mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg0.000.00
Placebo0.850.28

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Percentage of Participants With Uterine Bleeding

Percentage of participants with uterine bleeding were calculated for each 4-week period for 1-year on therapy. (NCT00808132)
Timeframe: Week 1-4, 5-8, 9-12, 13-16, 17-20, 21-24, 25-28, 29-32, 33-36, 37-40, 41-44, 45-48, 49-52

,,,,
InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Week 1-4 (n=440, 468, 229, 216, 470)Week 5-8 (n=428, 458, 221, 205, 462)Week 9-12 (n=417, 451, 217, 199, 452)Week 13-16 (n=415, 446, 213, 196, 446)Week 17-20 (n=399,426,201,184,427)Week 21-24 (n=395, 424, 199, 183, 423)Week 25-28 (n=393, 422, 197, 182, 420)Week 29-32 (n=376, 416, 194, 173, 405)Week 33-36 (n=373, 413, 192, 170, 399)Week 37-40 (n=373, 411, 191, 168, 394)Week 41-44 (n=363, 396, 188, 162, 386)Week 45-48 (n=358, 394, 188, 160, 383)Week 49-52 (n=357, 392, 187, 159, 380)
Bazedoxifene 20 mg5.683.622.763.292.492.011.021.552.081.570.000.531.07
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.45 mg3.864.442.162.412.262.782.041.600.541.611.380.841.68
Bazedoxifene 20 mg / Conjugated Estrogens 0.625 mg6.205.023.552.912.582.122.131.682.912.921.262.281.28
Conjugated Estrogens 0.45mg/Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 1.5mg20.8324.3925.6324.4918.4818.5814.8412.1412.9414.2913.5814.388.81
Placebo4.684.114.423.363.513.313.331.732.264.821.552.091.58

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Cumulative Incidence of Ischemic Stroke

Ischemic stroke is caused by a blockage in an artery that supplies blood to the brain. Cumulative incidence was calculated as total participants with ischemic stroke events during follow-up period divided by total persons at risk during follow-up period*100 and hence cumulative incidence was expressed as percentage of participants. (NCT01416194)
Timeframe: Up to a maximum of follow-up period of 92.1 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Bazedoxifene2.2
Raloxifene2.6
Bisphosphonate6.7

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Cumulative Incidence of All Malignancies

All malignancies included and not limited only to thyroid, breast, renal, genital / urogenital, lung cancer, gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract. Cumulative incidence was calculated as total participants with malignancies events during follow-up period divided by total persons at risk during follow-up period*100 and hence cumulative incidence was expressed as percentage of participants. (NCT01416194)
Timeframe: Up to a maximum of follow-up period of 92.1 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Bazedoxifene3.2
Raloxifene4.4
Bisphosphonate6.6

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Cumulative Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heartbeat that increases the risk of stroke and heart disease. Cumulative incidence was calculated as total participants with atrial fibrillation events during follow-up period divided by total persons at risk during follow-up period*100 and hence cumulative incidence was expressed as percentage of participants. (NCT01416194)
Timeframe: Up to a maximum of follow-up period of 92.1 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Bazedoxifene2.8
Raloxifene4.3
Bisphosphonate6.5

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Cumulative Incidence of Biliary Events

Biliary events included cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Cumulative incidence was calculated as total participants with biliary events during follow-up period divided by total persons at risk during follow-up period*100 and hence cumulative incidence was expressed as percentage of participants. (NCT01416194)
Timeframe: Up to a maximum of follow-up period of 92.1 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Bazedoxifene1.8
Raloxifene2
Bisphosphonate4

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Cumulative Incidence of Cardiac Disorders

Cardiac disorders included myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, and coronary occlusion. Cumulative incidence was calculated as total participants with cardiac disorders events during follow-up period divided by total persons at risk during follow-up period*100 and hence cumulative incidence was expressed as percentage of participants. (NCT01416194)
Timeframe: Up to a maximum of follow-up period of 92.1 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Bazedoxifene2
Raloxifene3
Bisphosphonate6.6

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Cumulative Incidence of Clinical Fractures

A fracture is a break in a bone. Cumulative incidence was calculated as total participants with clinical fractures events during follow-up period divided by total persons at risk during follow-up period*100 and hence cumulative incidence was expressed as percentage of participants. (NCT01416194)
Timeframe: Up to a maximum of follow-up period of 92.1 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Bazedoxifene4.4
Raloxifene8.2
Bisphosphonate12.8

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Cumulative Incidence of Depression

Cumulative incidence was calculated as total participants with depression events during follow-up period divided by total persons at risk during follow-up period*100 and hence cumulative incidence was expressed as percentage of participants. (NCT01416194)
Timeframe: Up to a maximum of follow-up period of 92.1 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Bazedoxifene10.1
Raloxifene9.2
Bisphosphonate8.6

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Cumulative Incidence of Hypertriglyceridemia

Hypertriglyceridemia refers to high blood levels of triglycerides. Cumulative incidence was calculated as total participants with hypertriglyceridemia events during follow-up period divided by total persons at risk during follow-up period*100 and hence cumulative incidence was expressed as percentage of participants. (NCT01416194)
Timeframe: Up to a maximum of follow-up period of 92.1 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Bazedoxifene9.7
Raloxifene10.6
Bisphosphonate6

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Cumulative Incidence of Renal Failure

Cumulative incidence was calculated as total participants with renal failure events during follow-up period divided by total persons at risk during follow-up period*100 and hence cumulative incidence was expressed as percentage of participants. (NCT01416194)
Timeframe: Up to a maximum of follow-up period of 92.1 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Bazedoxifene0.8
Raloxifene2.3
Bisphosphonate4.8

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Cumulative Incidence of Selected Ocular Events

Selected ocular events included retinal vascular occlusions, disorders of the globe, iris, ciliary body, retina, eye adnexa and cornea. Cumulative incidence was calculated as total participants with selected ocular events during follow-up period divided by total persons at risk during follow-up period*100 and hence cumulative incidence was expressed as percentage of participants. (NCT01416194)
Timeframe: Up to a maximum of follow-up period of 92.1 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Bazedoxifene8
Raloxifene12.5
Bisphosphonate10.8

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Cumulative Incidence of Thyroid Disorders- Goitre

Goitre is a swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland. Cumulative incidence was calculated as total participants with thyroid disorders-goitre events during follow-up period divided by total persons at risk during follow-up period*100 and hence cumulative incidence was expressed as percentage of participants. (NCT01416194)
Timeframe: Up to a maximum of follow-up period of 92.1 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Bazedoxifene1.6
Bisphosphonate2.5
Raloxifene3.8

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Cumulative Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)

VTE is defined as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), retinal vein thrombosis, and sinus thrombosis. DVT: occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein located deep inside the body. PE: a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has moved from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream (embolism). Sinus thrombosis: presence of a blood clot in the dural venous sinuses, which drain blood from the brain. Retinal vein thrombosis: blockage of the small veins that carry blood away from the retina. Cumulative incidence was calculated as total participants with VTE events during follow-up period divided by total persons at risk during follow-up period*100 and hence cumulative incidence was expressed as percentage of participants. (NCT01416194)
Timeframe: Up to a maximum of follow-up period of 92.1 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Bazedoxifene1.5
Raloxifene2.2
Bisphosphonate4.6

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Cumulative Incidence of Different Types of Malignancies

In this outcome measure, cumulative incidence of different types of malignancies included breast, renal, thyroid, genital / urogenital, gastrointestinal tract, lung and respiratory tract were calculated. Cumulative incidence for each type of malignancy was calculated as total participant with the respective malignancy events during follow-up period divided by total persons at risk during follow-up period*100 and hence cumulative incidence for each type of malignancy was expressed as percentage of participants. (NCT01416194)
Timeframe: Up to a maximum of follow-up period of 92.1 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Malignancies - BreastMalignancies - Genital / UrogenitalMalignancies - LungMalignancies- GastrointestinalMalignancies- Respiratory
Bazedoxifene0.40.50.31.10.1

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Cumulative Incidence of Different Types of Malignancies

In this outcome measure, cumulative incidence of different types of malignancies included breast, renal, thyroid, genital / urogenital, gastrointestinal tract, lung and respiratory tract were calculated. Cumulative incidence for each type of malignancy was calculated as total participant with the respective malignancy events during follow-up period divided by total persons at risk during follow-up period*100 and hence cumulative incidence for each type of malignancy was expressed as percentage of participants. (NCT01416194)
Timeframe: Up to a maximum of follow-up period of 92.1 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Malignancies - ThyroidMalignancies - BreastMalignancies - RenalMalignancies - Genital / UrogenitalMalignancies - LungMalignancies- Gastrointestinal
Raloxifene0.10.60.10.40.41.1

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Cumulative Incidence of Different Types of Malignancies

In this outcome measure, cumulative incidence of different types of malignancies included breast, renal, thyroid, genital / urogenital, gastrointestinal tract, lung and respiratory tract were calculated. Cumulative incidence for each type of malignancy was calculated as total participant with the respective malignancy events during follow-up period divided by total persons at risk during follow-up period*100 and hence cumulative incidence for each type of malignancy was expressed as percentage of participants. (NCT01416194)
Timeframe: Up to a maximum of follow-up period of 92.1 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Malignancies - ThyroidMalignancies - BreastMalignancies - RenalMalignancies - Genital / UrogenitalMalignancies - LungMalignancies- GastrointestinalMalignancies- Respiratory
Bisphosphonate0.21.40.10.50.31.50.1

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Number of Participants With Any Fracture

"Occurrence of any fracture after Viviant administration was examined to evaluate effectiveness of Viviant. The event of fracture was defined as an event which included fracture in Preferred Term (PT) or Lowest Level Term (LLT) of the MedDRA/J version 18.1." (NCT01470326)
Timeframe: 3 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Viviant (Bazedoxifene Acetate)53

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Change in Basal Glucose Concentration (Gb)

This will be assessed through an IV Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT) conducted at baseline and 3 months to measure the change in basal glucose concentration. IVGTT data derived by MINMOD Millennium software. (NCT02237079)
Timeframe: Change at 3 months from baseline

Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (CE/BZA)-5.2
Placebo2.7

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Measure Change in Serum Biomarkers Panel 2

Systematic inflammation will be measured through change in serum biomarkers (Adiponectin, RBP4) taken at baseline and 3 months. (NCT02237079)
Timeframe: Change at 3 months from baseline

,
Interventionug/mL (Median)
Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4)Adiponectin
Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (CE/BZA)-0.4-1.4
Placebo-4.0-2.5

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Change in Body Composition Using Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)

Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry was used to assess body composition. DXA uses an x-ray technique to look at the density of the body and can then estimate the amount of lean muscle mass and fat tissue. Body composition will be assessed through change in DXA body composition at baseline and at 3 months post-treatment. (NCT02237079)
Timeframe: Change at 3 months from baseline

,
Interventiong (Median)
Total fat massAndroid fat massGynoid fat massVisceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass
Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (CE/BZA)2731.5-2646
Placebo-1408-131-178-47

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Measure Change in Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS)

Systematic inflammation will be measured through change in Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) taken at baseline and 3 months. (NCT02237079)
Timeframe: Change at 3 months from baseline

Interventionnmol/mL (Median)
Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (CE/BZA)-1.7
Placebo-1.2

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Measure Change in Leptin:Adiponectin Ratio (LAR)

Systematic inflammation will be measured through change in leptin:adiponectin ratio (LAR) taken at baseline and 3 months. (NCT02237079)
Timeframe: Change at 3 months from baseline

InterventionRatio (Median)
Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (CE/BZA)2.71
Placebo1.55

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Measure Change in Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 (FGF-21)

Systematic inflammation will be measured through change in Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) taken at baseline and 3 months. (NCT02237079)
Timeframe: Change at 3 months from baseline

Interventionpg/mL (Median)
Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (CE/BZA)-134
Placebo-89

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Measure Change in C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

Systematic inflammation will be measured through change in C-Reactive Protein (CRP) taken at baseline and 3 months. (NCT02237079)
Timeframe: Change at 3 months from baseline

Interventionmg/mL (Median)
Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (CE/BZA)-0.41
Placebo-0.39

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Effect of CE/BZA on Body Composition Using Waist-to-hip Ratio

Body composition will be assessed through change in waist-to-hip ratio at baseline and at 3 months post-treatment. (NCT02237079)
Timeframe: Change at 3 months from baseline

InterventionRatio (Median)
Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (CE/BZA)-0.05
Placebo0.00

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Change in Acute Insulin Response to Glucose (AIRg)

This will be assessed through an IV Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT) conducted at baseline and 3 months to measure the change in acute insulin response to glucose. IVGTT data derived by MINMOD Millennium software. MINMOD: a computer program to calculate insulin sensitivity and pancreatic responsivity from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Acute Insulin Response (AIRg) to Intravenous Glucose is based on glucose and insulin levels obtained during the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and calculated using a mathematical model. AIRg is measured as the magnitude of the insulin response to an intravenous glucose injection following glucose administration. A low AIRg indicates decreased ability of the pancreas to secrete insulin. (NCT02237079)
Timeframe: Change at 3 months from baseline

InterventionuU/l^-1.min^-1 (Median)
Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (CE/BZA)189
Placebo-25

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Change in Insulin Sensitivity (SI) Index

SI indicates the net capacity for insulin to promote the disposal of glucose and to inhibit the endogenous production of glucose. This will be assessed through an IV Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT) conducted at baseline and 3 months to measure the change in insulin sensitivity (SI) index. IVGTT data derived by MINMOD Millennium software. SI is based on glucose and insulin levels obtained during the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and calculated using a mathematical model. SI is a measure of tissue response to circulating insulin in the blood following glucose injection. A low SI signifies low insulin sensitivity and high SI represents high insulin sensitivity. (NCT02237079)
Timeframe: Change at 3 months from baseline

InterventionuU/L^-1.min^-1 (Median)
Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (CE/BZA)-0.24
Placebo1.35

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Change in Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) β-cell Function

The homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) is an index of insulin secretory function derived from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. This will be assessed at baseline and 3 months to measure the change in Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) β-cell function. (HOMA) β-cell function is a method used to quantify beta-cell function from fasting blood samples of insulin and glucose. Normal levels for (HOMA) β-cell function is 107 or more. Lower numbers mean higher risk of developing diabetes. (NCT02237079)
Timeframe: Change at 3 months from baseline

InterventionuU/mM (Median)
Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (CE/BZA)18.5
Placebo-25.5

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Change in Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) Insulin Resistance (IR)

Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) is a method for assessing β-cell function and insulin resistance (IR) from basal (fasting) glucose and insulin or C-peptide concentrations. This will be assessed at baseline and 3 months to measure the change in Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) insulin resistance. HOMA IR is a method used to quantify insulin resistance from fasting blood samples of insulin and glucose. Normal levels for HOMA-IR is less than 2.0. Higher levels mean higher risk for developing diabetes. (NCT02237079)
Timeframe: Change at 3 months from baseline

InterventionmM.uU/L^-2 (Median)
Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (CE/BZA)0.15
Placebo-0.01

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Change in Glucose-stimulated Insulin Clearance (GSIC)

This will be assessed through an IV Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT) conducted at baseline and 3 months to measure the change in glucose-stimulated insulin clearance (GSIC). GSIC derived from molar ratio of C-peptide to insulin area under curve (AUC) over first 20 min of IVGTT. (NCT02237079)
Timeframe: Change at 3 months from baseline

InterventionRatio (Median)
Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (CE/BZA)-32.8
Placebo-1.85

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Change in Fasting Insulin Clearance (FIC)

This will be assessed at baseline and 3 months to measure the change in fasting insulin clearance (FIC). FIC derived from fasting C-peptide to insulin ratio. (NCT02237079)
Timeframe: Change at 3 months from baseline

InterventionRatio (Median)
Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (CE/BZA)-3.50
Placebo-0.25

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Change in Disposition Index (DI)

Disposition index (DI) is the product of insulin sensitivity times the amount of insulin secreted in response to blood glucose levels. DI is commonly used as a measure of β-cell function. This will be assessed through an IV Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT) conducted at baseline and 3 months to measure the change in disposition index (DI). IVGTT data derived by MINMOD Millennium software. DI is based on glucose and insulin levels obtained during the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and calculated using a mathematical model. DI is the product of insulin sensitivity and the amount of insulin secreted in response to blood glucose levels. Disposition index is used as a measure of beta cell function and the ability of the body to dispose of a glucose load. A low DI is indicative of a higher risk of developing diabetes. (NCT02237079)
Timeframe: Change at 3 months from baseline

InterventionIndex (Median)
Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (CE/BZA)500
Placebo267

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Change in Body Mass Index

Body composition will be assessed through change in body mass index at baseline and at 3 months post-treatment. (NCT02237079)
Timeframe: Change at 3 months from baseline

InterventionKg/m^2 (Median)
Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (CE/BZA)-0.2
Placebo-0.5

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Measure Change in Serum Biomarkers Panel 1

Systematic inflammation will be measured through change in serum biomarkers (Leptin, Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), Intact OCN) taken at baseline and 3 months. (NCT02237079)
Timeframe: Change at 3 months from baseline

,
Interventionng/mL (Median)
LeptinLipocalin-2 (LCN2)Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)Osteocalcin (OCN)
Bazedoxifene/Conjugated Estrogens (CE/BZA)-1.6-1.7-1.80.8
Placebo0.7-3.81.3-0.9

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Objective Response Rate

"The objective response rate is the proportion of participants achieving complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) on treatment based on Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST 1.1) criteria.~PR or better is achieved if the following are true:~Target Lesions:~-At least a 30% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study). In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm.~Non-target Lesions:~No progression.~No appearance new lesions or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions. Unequivocal progression should not normally trump target lesion status. It must be representative of overall disease status change, not a single lesion increase.~Bone Lesions:~->50% increase in lesions.~-No new lesions." (NCT02448771)
Timeframe: Assessed for response for up to 34 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Palbociclib in Combination With Bazedoxifene11.1

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Clinical Benefit Rate

"Clinical Benefit Rate is the percentage of participants who achieve clinical benefit from the study treatment. Clinical benefit is defined as at least 24 weeks of confirmed Complete Response (CR), Partial Response (PR), or Stable Disease (SD).~SD or better is achieved if the following are true:~Target Lesions:~-At least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study). In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm.~Non-target Lesions:~No progression.~No appearance new lesions or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions. Unequivocal progression should not normally trump target lesion status. It must be representative of overall disease status change, not a single lesion increase.~Bone Lesions:~< 25% increase in lesions.~No new lesions." (NCT02448771)
Timeframe: Assessed for response for up to 34 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Palbociclib in Combination With Bazedoxifene33

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Median Overall Survival

Overall Survival (OS) is defined as the time from randomization (or registration) to death due to any cause, or censored at date last known alive. (NCT02448771)
Timeframe: Up to 42 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Palbociclib in Combination With Bazedoxifene26.5

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Median Progression-Free Survival

Progression free survival (PFS) is defined as the time from start of treatment to disease progression or death from any cause as estimated by Kaplan Meier methods. Progression is measured using RECIST 1.1 criteria, defined as at least a 20% increase in size in target lesion and/or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions and/or appearance of new lesions. Patients who have not progressed and are alive are censored at the date the patient is known to be progression-free. (NCT02448771)
Timeframe: Up to 42 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Palbociclib in Combination With Bazedoxifene3.58

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Number of Participants With All Grade Neutrophil Count Decrease

Assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0 regardless of whether the event is related or unrelated to treatment. Neutrophil counts are evaluated using established methods. (NCT02448771)
Timeframe: Baseline, until resolution or for 30 days after the subject's last study visit, up to 43 months.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Palbociclib in Combination With Bazedoxifene22

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Objective Response Rate by ESR1 Genotype

"The objective response rate is the proportion of participants achieving complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) on treatment based on Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST 1.1) criteria.~PR or better is achieved if the following are true:~Target Lesions:~-At least a 30% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study). In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm.~Non-target Lesions:~No progression. No appearance new lesions or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions. Unequivocal progression should not normally trump target lesion status. It must be representative of overall disease status change, not a single lesion increase.~Bone Lesions:~->50% increase in lesions.~-No new lesions.~ESR1 genotype determined by established methods." (NCT02448771)
Timeframe: Up to 34 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Wild Type71929765Mutant71929765
Complete ResponseProgressive DiseaseNot EvaluablePartial ResponseStable Disease
Palbociclib in Combination With Bazedoxifene13
Palbociclib in Combination With Bazedoxifene5
Palbociclib in Combination With Bazedoxifene1
Palbociclib in Combination With Bazedoxifene0
Palbociclib in Combination With Bazedoxifene3

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Percent of Participants With All Grade Neutrophil Count Decrease

Assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0 regardless of whether the event is related or unrelated to treatment. Neutrophil counts are evaluated using established methods. (NCT02448771)
Timeframe: Baseline, until resolution or for 30 days after the subject's last study visit, up to 43 months.

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Palbociclib in Combination With Bazedoxifene61.1

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Clinical Benefit Rate by ESR1 Genotype

"Clinical Benefit Rate is the percentage of participants who achieve clinical benefit from the study treatment. Clinical benefit is defined as at least 24 weeks of confirmed CR, PR, SD.~SD or better is achieved if the following are true:~Target Lesions:~-At least a 20% increase in the sum of the diameters of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum on study (this includes the baseline sum if that is the smallest on study). In addition to the relative increase of 20%, the sum must also demonstrate an absolute increase of at least 5 mm.~Non-target Lesions:~No progression.~No appearance new lesions or unequivocal progression of existing non-target lesions. Unequivocal progression should not normally trump target lesion status. It must be representative of overall disease status change, not a single lesion increase.~Bone Lesions:~< 25% increase in lesions.~No new lesions.~ESR1 genotype determined using established methods" (NCT02448771)
Timeframe: Assessed for response for up to 34 months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Wild TypeMutant
Palbociclib in Combination With Bazedoxifene3143

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Median Progression-Free Survival for Patients by ESR1 Genotype

Progression free survival (PFS) is defined as the time from start of treatment to disease progression or death from any cause as estimated by Kaplan Meier methods. Patients who have not progressed and are alive are censored at the date the patient is known to be progression-free. ESR1 genotype is determined using established methods. Progression is measured using RECIST 1.1 criteria, defined as at least a 20% increase in size in target lesion and/or unequivocal progression of non-target lesions and/or appearance of new lesions (NCT02448771)
Timeframe: Up to 24 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
MutantWild Type
Palbociclib in Combination With Bazedoxifene2.03.6

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Overall Survival by ESR1 Genotype

Overall Survival (OS) is defined as the time from randomization (or registration) to death due to any cause, or censored at date last known alive. ESR1 genotype determined by established methods. (NCT02448771)
Timeframe: Up to 42 months

Interventionprobability of survival (Median)
Wild TypeMutant
Palbociclib in Combination With Bazedoxifene21.126.5

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Change in Body Composition (Total Mass)

Assessment by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptivity (DEXA) (NCT02729701)
Timeframe: Change from Baseline to Month 6

Interventionkg (Median)
Duavee0.9

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Change in Fibroglandular Volume (FGV)

Assessment of mammograms for percent of breast defined as FGV by Volpara automated assessment. (NCT02729701)
Timeframe: Change from Baseline to Month 6

Interventioncm-squared (Median)
Duavee-12

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Feasibility for a Larger Trial

Outcome will be based on three separate factors used collectively to determine feasibility of the study and consideration of a subsequent larger trial. These are accrual rate (ability to accrue target number of subjects in a timely manner), dropout rate (frequency of subjects who are compliant and complete the intervention) and change in Ki-67 (increase vs decrease in percent of cells stained positive in the majority of subjects). Should accrual be inadequate or too slow; or if retention is too low; then a decision would be made not to proceed to a larger trial. Also, if there is evidence of an increase in proliferation (Ki-67) then no further studies would be planned. (NCT02729701)
Timeframe: 6 Months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ScreenedEligibleComplete
Duavee422828

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Levels of Bazedoxifene in the Blood

Assessment of concentration of bazedoxifene in plasma by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (NCT02729701)
Timeframe: Month 6

Interventionng/ml (Median)
Duavee1.83

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Change in Ki-67

"Assessment by immunocytochemistry of the percent of breast epithelial cells staining positive.~Per protocol, restricted to those subjects with baseline Ki-67 positivity >1.0% but < 4%" (NCT02729701)
Timeframe: Change from Baseline to Month 6

Interventionchange in percent positivity (Median)
Duavee-1.2

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Depressive Symptoms as Measured by the MASQ-AD

The second primary outcome measure uses the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire - Anhedonic Depression Scale (MASQ-AD) to examine symptom change. All participants will complete the MASQ-AD at each study visit, which measures their current symptoms of depression and anxiety. Scores range from 22 to 110 with lower scores reflecting a better outcome. (NCT03740009)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 2, week 3, week 4 (post treatment)

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Baseline Week 1Week 2Week 3Post Treatment Week 4
Perimenopausal Women, Depressed72.162.457.254.5

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Change in Frontostriatal Reactivity to Reward During MID fMRI Task

"The primary outcome measure is functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collected during a Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) Task. All participants will complete the fMRI Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task at baseline and at 3 weeks. During the task, participants need to select the correct response during win and lose conditions by pressing a button on a button box in the MRI. Participant's blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) activation response (A measurement of oxygen level that is released to neurons since areas of the brain that are thought to be more active or involved in certain tasks require more oxygen to perform the tasks.) is measured while they performed the task in MRI scanner." (NCT03740009)
Timeframe: Baseline to 3 weeks

Interventionpercent signal change (Mean)
Caudate BaselineCaudate PosttreatmentNucleus Accumbens BaselineNucleus Accumbens PosttreatmentPutamen BaselinePutamen Posttreatment
Perimenopausal Women, Depressed.0704.0475.0623.0280.0399.0408

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