Tenax is a synthetic polymer resin used in gas chromatography. It is a nonpolar stationary phase, known for its high thermal stability and good selectivity for nonpolar analytes. Its chemical structure is based on a cross-linked poly(2,6-diphenylphenylene oxide). Tenax is synthesized through a polymerization process involving the reaction of 2,6-diphenylphenol with formaldehyde. The resulting polymer forms a porous, highly cross-linked structure that provides a large surface area for analyte adsorption. Due to its high thermal stability, Tenax can withstand high temperatures, making it suitable for analyzing volatile compounds. It is commonly used in gas chromatography for the separation and analysis of various organic compounds, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, and industrial chemicals. Tenax is also used in air monitoring and environmental analysis to capture and quantify air pollutants.'
tenax: porous polymer based on 2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide; used for trapping volatile organic compounds [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 122082 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 757781 |
| MeSH ID | M0056054 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| tenax gc |
| 24938-68-9 |
| 2-methoxy-5-methyl-1,3-diphenylbenzene |
| tenax |
| TWADJGWUKGOPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| 4-methyl-2,6-diphenylanisole |
| SCHEMBL757781 |
Tenax® is a far stronger adsorbent than foods, resulting in almost complete extraction.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "(ii) Tenax® is a far stronger adsorbent than foods, resulting in almost complete extraction." | ( Simulation of the migration of mineral oil from recycled paperboard into dry foods by Tenax®? Biedermann, M; Grob, K; Zurfluh, M, 2013) | 1.07 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "The Tenax extraction has been shown to be effective with laboratory-spiked sediments, field-collected sediments, laboratory-exposed organisms, field-collected organisms, and studies among laboratories." | ( Tenax extraction of sediments to estimate desorption and bioavailability of hydrophobic contaminants: a literature review. Harwood, AD; Landrum, PF; Lydy, MJ; Nutile, SA, 2015) | 2.34 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Toxicity test demonstrated that Tenax was able to remove the toxic bio-available fraction of pyrethroids in sediment." | ( Organic carbon content effects on bioavailability of pyrethroid insecticides and validation of solid phase extraction with Poly (2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide) Polymer by Daphnia magna toxicity tests. Barata, C; Barceló, D; Corcellas, C; Eljarrat, E; Feo, ML; Ginebreda, A, 2013) | 0.67 |
| " Sediment toxicity was predicted by total and bioaccessible pyrethroid concentrations expressed as toxic units." | ( Survey of bioaccessible pyrethroid insecticides and sediment toxicity in urban streams of the northeast United States. Fung, CY; Huff Hartz, KE; Lydy, MJ; Moran, PW; Nowell, LH; Nutile, SA; Sinche, FL; Van Metre, PC, 2019) | 0.51 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Diffusive sampling combined with thermal desorption (DSTD) is considered useful in monitoring workers' exposures to organic vapors, not only due to its simplicity of operation in the field but, also, its simplifying the sample treatment, eliminating the use of extracting solvent, and increasing analytical sensitivity." | ( The application of diffusive sampling combined with thermal desorption in occupational exposure monitoring--field evaluation. Chien, YC; Lwo, JH; Wu, LJ, 2003) | 0.32 |
The potential bioavailability of phenanthrene aged in soil was determined by using a self-dying reporter bacterium. Results were compared to two physicochemical measures, Tenax TA(®) bead-assisted desorption, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) extraction.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " From field studies it is known that these BSAFs can vary dramatically between sediments of different origin, which is possibly explained by the variation in bioavailability of organic contaminants in sediments." | ( Tenax extraction mimics benthic and terrestrial bioavailability of organic compounds. Belfroid, A; den Besten, PJ; Faber, JH; Hendriks, AJ; Postma, J; Stroomberg, GJ; ten Hulscher, TE; van der Pol, JJ; van Noort, PC; Wegener, JW, 2003) | 1.76 |
| " Bioavailability is assumed to coincide with the rapidly and, possibly, slowly desorbing sediment-associated contaminant." | ( Investigating the role of desorption on the bioavailability of sediment-associated 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in benthic invertebrates. Burton, GA; Gossiaux, DC; Greenberg, MS; Kukkonen, JV; Landrum, PF; Leppänen, MT; Robinson, SD, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "The bioavailability to bacteria of 14C-labeled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) sorbed onto lake sediments was assessed using a mathematical model and three experimental series." | ( Effect of slow desorption on the kinetics of biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Gomez-Lahoz, C; Ortega-Calvo, JJ, 2005) | 0.33 |
| "A rapid biological method for the determination of the bioavailability of naphthalene was developed and its value as an alternative to extraction-based chemical approaches demonstrated." | ( Comparison of naphthalene bioavailability determined by whole-cell biosensing and availability determined by extraction with Tenax. Deepthike, U; Harms, H; Kohlmeier, S; Mancuso, M; Tecon, R; van der Meer, JR; Wells, M, 2008) | 0.55 |
| "This study presents the bioavailability of four spiked compounds to Lumbriculus variegatus, in sediment samples from three river basins in Europe: the Elbe, the Llobregat, and the Scheldt." | ( Predicting the bioavailability of sediment-associated spiked compounds by using the polyoxymethylene passive sampling and tenax extraction methods in sediments from three river basins in Europe. Akkanen, J; Kukkonen, JV; Leppänen, MT; Sormunen, AJ; Tuikka, AI, 2010) | 0.57 |
| "The rapid-desorbing fraction plays an important role in the bioavailability of organic pollutants in soil." | ( Tenax TA extraction to assess the bioavailability of DDTs in cotton field soils. Gu, C; Jiang, X; Wang, F; Yang, X, 2010) | 1.8 |
| " The presence of these dissolved ions could influence bifenthrin toxicity either through joint action as a secondary toxicant or through changing the partitioning or bioavailability of bifenthrin between the sediment matrix and overlying water or pore water." | ( Determining modifications to bifenthrin toxicity and sediment binding affinity from varying potassium chloride concentrations in overlying water. Belden, JB; Lydy, MJ; Mueting, SA; Trimble, AJ, 2010) | 0.36 |
| "Microbial degradation is the dominant pathway for natural attenuation of PAHs in environmental compartments such as sediments, which in turn depends on the bioavailability of PAHs." | ( Biodegradation of pyrene in sand, silt and clay fractions of sediment. Chen, Y; Cui, X; Gan, J; Hunter, W; Yang, Y, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "Few studies have been conducted examining the distribution of different-sized particles in sediment and its potential impact on bioavailability of sediment-associated contaminants." | ( Bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants in sediment with different particle-size distributions. Li, H; Lydy, MJ; Mehler, WT; Pang, J; Sun, B; You, J, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "Several experimental methods have been developed to assess the bioavailability of individual organic compounds." | ( Assessing the bioavailability of complex petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures in sediments. Jonker, MT; Muijs, B, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "A 45-d Tenax extraction was used to evaluate the bioavailability of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in three spiked sediments." | ( Predicting the bioavailability of sediment-associated polybrominated diphenyl ethers using a 45-d sequential Tenax extraction. Chen, P; Liu, M; Tian, S; Zhu, L, 2011) | 1.04 |
| "Recent studies recognize the ability of chemical techniques such as solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers and Tenax extraction to predict bioavailability more effectively than exhaustive chemical extractions for sediment-associated organic contaminants." | ( Can SPME fiber and Tenax methods predict the bioavailability of biotransformed insecticides? Harwood, AD; Landrum, PF; Lydy, MJ, 2012) | 0.92 |
| " Three chemical extractions as butanol, HPCD and Tenax extractions and earthworm accumulation were used to assess the changes of the bioavailability of CBs in soil." | ( [Influence and assessment of biochar on the bioavailability of chlorobenzenes in soil]. Bian, YR; Gu, CG; Jiang, X; Song, Y; Wang, F; Xie, ZB; Yang, XL, 2012) | 0.63 |
| " Therefore, improving approaches to better evaluate contaminant bioavailability in sediment are needed." | ( Application of a Tenax model to assess bioavailability of PCBs in field sediments. Jing, Y; Landrum, PF; Lydy, MJ; Mackenbach, EM; Mills, MA, 2012) | 0.72 |
| " It is proposed that the attached bacteria could possibly consume PHE on the humin via interactions between bacterial surfaces and humin, thereby overcoming the low PHE bioavailability and resulting in enhanced degradation." | ( Enhanced desorption of humin-bound phenanthrene by attached phenanthrene-degrading bacteria. Bian, Y; Gu, C; Jiang, X; Kengara, FO; Wang, F; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Q, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "Solid phase extraction with Poly (2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide) Polymer (Tenax) was used for determining the bioavailability of eleven pyrethroids in field collected sediments with different organic carbon content (OC)." | ( Organic carbon content effects on bioavailability of pyrethroid insecticides and validation of solid phase extraction with Poly (2,6-diphenyl-p-phenylene oxide) Polymer by Daphnia magna toxicity tests. Barata, C; Barceló, D; Corcellas, C; Eljarrat, E; Feo, ML; Ginebreda, A, 2013) | 0.62 |
| " However, variations in bioavailability among sediments make accurate predictions of toxicity based on whole sediment concentrations difficult." | ( Using SPME fibers and Tenax to predict the bioavailability of pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos in field sediments. Harwood, AD; Landrum, PF; Lydy, MJ; Weston, DP, 2013) | 0.7 |
| "The potential bioavailability of phenanthrene aged in soil was determined by using a self-dying reporter bacterium, and the results were compared to two physicochemical measures, Tenax TA(®) bead-assisted desorption, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) extraction." | ( Potential use of a self-dying reporter bacterium to determine the bioavailability of aged phenanthrene in soil: comparison with physicochemical measures. Nam, K; Shin, D, 2014) | 0.59 |
| " This novel method is expected to be especially useful for historically contaminated sediments or soils, for which contaminant bioavailability may have changed significantly due to aging and other sequestration processes." | ( Use of isotope dilution method to predict bioavailability of organic pollutants in historically contaminated sediments. Bao, LJ; Crago, J; Gan, J; Jia, F; Schlenk, D, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " These measurements were in very close agreement with reported PBDE bioavailability measures from an in vivo rat exposure study using indoor dust." | ( Evaluating the bioaccessibility of flame retardants in house dust using an in vitro Tenax bead-assisted sorptive physiologically based method. Fang, M; Stapleton, HM, 2014) | 0.63 |
| " The present paper reviews the literature that uses Tenax® TA, a 2,6-diphenylene-oxide polymer as an extraction tool to measure bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants in sediment." | ( Tenax extraction of sediments to estimate desorption and bioavailability of hydrophobic contaminants: a literature review. Harwood, AD; Landrum, PF; Lydy, MJ; Nutile, SA, 2015) | 2.11 |
| " One technique that has shown special promise as a method for assessing the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds in sediment is the use of Tenax-extractable concentrations." | ( Tenax extraction as a simple approach to improve environmental risk assessments. Harwood, AD; Landrum, PF; Lydy, MJ; Nutile, SA, 2015) | 2.06 |
| "The aim of this study was to demonstrate the variations in bioavailability remaining in industrial and agricultural soils contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) after bioremediation." | ( Variations in the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in industrial and agricultural soils after bioremediation. Allinson, G; Gong, Z; Guo, M; Jia, C; Li, X; Miao, R; Tai, P; Zhuang, J, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " In vivo DDTr relative bioavailability (RBA) was measured using a mouse adipose model with values of 17." | ( Predicting the Relative Bioavailability of DDT and Its Metabolites in Historically Contaminated Soils Using a Tenax-Improved Physiologically Based Extraction Test (TI-PBET). Cui, X; Juhasz, AL; Li, C; Ma, LQ; Sun, H, 2016) | 0.65 |
| " Measuring contaminant bioavailability in a before-and-after manner lends to improved assessment of remediation effectiveness." | ( Comparing different methods for assessing contaminant bioavailability during sediment remediation. Gan, J; Jia, F; Liao, C; Taylor, A; Xue, J, 2016) | 0.43 |
| "The aims of this study were to evaluate the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in industrial and agricultural soils using chemical methods and a bioassay, and to study the relationships between the methods." | ( Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons bioavailability in industrial and agricultural soils: Linking SPME and Tenax extraction with bioassays. Allinson, G; Cahill, D; Gong, Z; Guo, M; Li, X; Rookes, J, 2017) | 0.67 |
| "In this study, bioavailability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil samples aged for various time intervals (7 days, 1 and 5 months) was assessed by in vivo tests using mice." | ( Relative bioavailability and bioaccessibility of PCBs in soils based on a mouse model and Tenax-improved physiologically-based extraction test. Cui, X; Gao, P; Li, C; Li, Y; Ma, LQ; Zhang, R; Zhang, S, 2017) | 0.68 |
| "The distribution of chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in sediments has been well documented, but the study about their bioavailability remains lacking." | ( Assessing bioaccessibility and bioavailability of chlorinated organophosphorus flame retardants in sediments. Gao, Z; Guo, J; He, H; Li, S; Sun, C; Yang, S; Zhang, L; Zhu, D, 2017) | 0.46 |
| " Existing methods for estimating HOC bioavailability in soil have various operational limitations." | ( Application and validation of isotope dilution method (IDM) for predicting bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants in soil. Gan, J; Schlenk, D; Taylor, A; Wang, J, 2018) | 0.48 |
| "The Tenax technique was used as an alternative exposure metric to assess the bioavailability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from contaminated marine sediments." | ( Can Tenax Extraction Be Used as a Surrogate Exposure Metric for Laboratory-Based Bioaccumulation Tests Using Marine Sediments? Landrum, P; Lotufo, GR; Lydy, MJ; Sinche, FL, 2019) | 1.63 |
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 24 (16.33) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 8 (5.44) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 28 (19.05) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 80 (54.42) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 7 (4.76) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (56.60) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 1 (0.64%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 3 (1.91%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 153 (97.45%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||