Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Sleepiness

Compelling urge to sleep.

Synonyms(2)

Synonym
Somnolence
Sleepiness

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Excessive daytime sleepiness is a common symptom in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea."( Beutel, B; Cassel, W; Conradt, R; Hildebrandt, O; Hildebrandt, W; Kesper, K; Koehler, J; Koehler, U; Redhardt, F, 2022)
"Excessive daytime sleepiness is a debilitating symptom of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) linked to cardiovascular disease, and metabolomic mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unknown."( Bliwise, DL; Collop, N; Cox, J; Dunbar, SB; Hertzberg, V; Ioachimescu, OC; Kutner, NG; Liu, K; Pak, VM; Rogers, A; Russell, K; Shi, Z; Uppal, K; Yu, T; Zhang, Q, 2022)
"Sleepiness is a behavioural consequence of sleep pressure, which shows interindividual variation, a characteristic possibly related to central sleep mechanisms."( Andersen, ML; Araujo, P; Fernandes, GL; Tufik, S, 2022)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"Weekly cataplexy attacks and Epworth Sleepiness Scale can be used to help document clinical response to narcolepsy treatment using criteria of 46% and 12% reductions, respectively."( Lai, C; Steffen, AD; Weaver, TE, 2018)
"Excessive sleepiness (ES) is a common symptom of OSA, which often persists despite primary OSA therapy."( Black, J; Carter, LP; Chen, D; Collop, N; Hedner, J; Lee, L; Lorch, DG; Lu, Y; Pépin, JL; Redline, S; Strollo, PJ, 2019)
"This study included 57 sleepy (Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) ≥ 10) and 37 non-sleepy (ESS < 10) participants newly diagnosed and untreated for OSA that completed an overnight in-lab or at home sleep study who were recruited from the Emory Mechanisms of Sleepiness Symptoms Study (EMOSS)."( Bliwise, DL; Collop, N; Cox, J; Dunbar, SB; Hertzberg, V; Ioachimescu, OC; Kutner, NG; Liu, K; Pak, VM; Rogers, A; Russell, K; Shi, Z; Uppal, K; Yu, T; Zhang, Q, 2022)

Research

Studies (167)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19900 (0.00)23.3326
1990's0 (0.00)12.5806
2000's0 (0.00)18.1394
2010's59 (35.33)28.8240
2020's108 (64.67)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
ammonium hydroxide0medium21
carbamates0medium63
choline0low10
3-hydroxybutyric acid0medium11
melatonin0medium237
urea0low10
atenolol0low10
baclofen0low10
buspirone0low10
caffeine0medium72
clobazam0low10
clonidine0low10
cyproheptadine0medium11
diazepam0medium21
ebastine0low10
fenfluramine0low10
fentanyl0medium11
flecainide0low10
furosemide0low10
gabapentin0low40
guanfacine0low10
haloperidol0low10
ibuprofen0medium11
ifosfamide0low10
ketamine0low10
lamotrigine0medium21
loratadine0medium22
lorazepam0medium11
meperidine0medium11
metformin0low10
methadone0low10
methylphenidate0low10
midazolam0low30
mirtazapine0low10
modafinil0medium73
apnea0low10
pamidronate0low10
propofol0low30
risperidone0low10
zaleplon0low10
zolpidem0medium31
zonisamide0low10
corticosterone0low10
triethylenemelamine0medium11
apomorphine0low10
levodopa0low10
methylene blue0low10
phenylalanine0medium63
pyrroles0medium22
megestrol acetate0low10
aripiprazole0medium21
duloxetine hydrochloride0medium21
3-iodobenzylguanidine0low10
6-sulfatoxymelatonin0medium32
triazoles0medium22
zoledronic acid0low10
fingolimod hydrochloride0low10
desloratadine0medium22
methotrexate0low10
rupatadine0medium11
ertapenem0low10
moxifloxacin0low10
eslicarbazepine acetate0low30
lacosamide0medium41
oxytocin0low10
retinol0low10
cocaine0medium11
sodium bicarbonate0low10
cannabidiol0medium53
buprenorphine0low10
lithium0low10
safingol0low10
myelin basic protein0low10
sphingosine0low10
humulene0low20
phenylephrine hydrochloride0low30
levetiracetam0medium21
naloxone0low10
oxycodone0medium32
topiramate0medium32
morphine0medium31
dexmedetomidine0medium21
naltrexone0medium11
morphine-6-glucuronide0medium11
butorphanol0medium11
pregabalin0low30
palonosetron0low10
ucb 347140medium52
perampanel0medium74
pitolisant0low10
2-carbomethoxy-8-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(4-iodophenyl)tropane0low10
lisdexamfetamine dimesylate0medium21
col-1440medium11
sodium oxybate0medium52
piperidines0low20
mirogabalin0medium11
olanzapine0medium42
aprepitant0low10
phenanthrenes0medium11

Protein Targets (933)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 011011
Protein skinhead-10101
Monocarboxylate transporter 20101
Solute carrier family 22 member 200303
Solute carrier family 22 member 60303
dopamine D1 receptor3003
thioredoxin reductase150015
GLS protein100010
Thrombopoietin4004
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)100010
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1130013
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor9009
ras-related protein Rab-9A4004
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 18008
lethal factor (plasmid)7007
POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 10002
Spike glycoprotein230023
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase130013
ATAD5 protein, partial100010
TDP1 protein260026
Microtubule-associated protein tau9009
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha260026
arylsulfatase A8008
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2310031
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1120012
D(1A) dopamine receptor100010
lamin isoform A-delta10300030
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A5005
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE8008
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase2002
Chain A, HADH2 protein8008
Chain B, HADH2 protein8008
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase8008
Luciferase8008
acetylcholinesterase110011
phosphopantetheinyl transferase120012
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit7007
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma200020
GLI family zinc finger 3250025
AR protein330033
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A19009
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)120012
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3210021
progesterone receptor150015
regulator of G-protein signaling 4110011
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4220022
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1220022
farnesoid X nuclear receptor170017
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha360036
cytochrome P450 2D6210021
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta140014
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma130013
aryl hydrocarbon receptor9009
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a160016
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor140014
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a120012
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)130013
Histone H2A.x8008
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a5005
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor8008
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 15005
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA7007
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d180018
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2250025
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1110011
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1230023
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 17007
geminin290029
peripheral myelin protein 22160016
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1120012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi126321
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 014017
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B5005
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3034034
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4034035
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit130013
Bile salt export pump043043
Cellular tumor antigen p53220022
Integrin beta-33003
Integrin alpha-IIb3003
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A012820
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C015016
Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 10202
D(2) dopamine receptor020428
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A016117
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1126321
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor015116
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta126321
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2126422
D012012
D(3) dopamine receptor0909
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A017219
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0909
Glutamate receptor 2130013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5126321
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3126321
D(2) dopamine receptor0505
D(1A) dopamine receptor014219
D(4) dopamine receptor014219
D(1B) dopamine receptor0507
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0909
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0909
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1126321
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2126321
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor014115
D(1B) dopamine receptor0606
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A020020
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4126321
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3126321
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B011011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6126321
D(4) dopamine receptor0819
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F0404
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B012012
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 0707
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5B0202
D(3) dopamine receptor021327
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0202
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor016218
Histamine H2 receptor100011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70404
D(2) dopamine receptor018220
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1126422
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3126321
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2126422
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm20101
D0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 0202
GABA theta subunit126321
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1033033
D0404
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 59009
Ataxin-2100010
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1013013
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon126321
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0202
GALC protein5005
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease100010
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]240024
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha160016
pregnane X nuclear receptor250025
G130013
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor150015
caspase-3100010
heat shock protein beta-19009
Interferon beta170017
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 130013
Cytochrome P450 3A4010112
Substance-P receptor0213
Neuromedin-K receptor0101
cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 0011
Substance-P receptor0101
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1130013
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial130013
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A4004
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3E0303
SMAD family member 26006
Fumarate hydratase8008
USP1 protein, partial9009
PPM1D protein4004
SMAD family member 36006
EWS/FLI fusion protein180018
polyprotein8008
67.9K protein4004
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein3003
mu-type opioid receptor isoform MOR-10022
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 26006
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 34004
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0022
Solute carrier family 22 member 20506
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0415
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1010014
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-42204
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-22204
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor019221
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3012012
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor017118
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C022022
Histamine H1 receptor0404
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter016016
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70808
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor010111
Histamine H1 receptor021425
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0718
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B022022
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0718
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6012012
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 0303
Inositol monophosphatase 16006
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2028029
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3D0303
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 20303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C0303
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10606
Histamine H3 receptor0607
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 0022
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)8008
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0404
Urease0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0213
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0213
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0213
TAR DNA-binding protein 436006
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0213
NFKB1 protein, partial4004
activating transcription factor 65005
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 20213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 20202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 10213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 10101
Kappa-type opioid receptor011113
Kappa-type opioid receptor014726
chromobox protein homolog 1150015
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1140014
Bile salt export pump0404
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0303
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 0101
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0303
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase0101
Mu-type opioid receptor019932
Delta-type opioid receptor013522
Chain A, Glycogen Phosphorylase0101
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, Chitinase0101
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor2002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a5005
DNA polymerase beta5005
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 15005
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20112
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form0101
Renin0101
Carbonic anhydrase 1010015
Carbonic anhydrase 2010318
Cholinesterase0303
Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0101
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form0101
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0202
Adenosine receptor A30303
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0404
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0404
Acetylcholinesterase0505
Adenosine receptor A10508
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0505
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A0202
Adenosine receptor A30101
Adenosine receptor A2a0214
Adenosine receptor A2b0102
Adenosine receptor A2b0214
Adenosine receptor A10215
Adenosine receptor A2a0419
Vasopressin V2 receptor0001
Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR0101
Adenosine receptor A2a0101
Adenosine receptor A10202
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform 0101
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit0101
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B0101
Adenylate cyclase type 10001
Chitotriosidase-10101
Serine-protein kinase ATM0101
Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR0101
Adenosine receptor A2b0102
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C0101
Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM0224
Endochitinase B10101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor0102
Phosphodiesterase 0101
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20203
Guanine deaminase0101
Acetylcholinesterase0404
L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain0101
Cytochrome P450 1A10202
Cytochrome P450 1A20202
Cytochrome P450 2C11 0202
Cytochrome P450 2D60506
Cytochrome P450 2A60101
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0808
Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase 0101
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor018119
Cannabinoid receptor 10101
Cytochrome P450 2B60202
Cytochrome P450 3A50101
Cannabinoid receptor 10102
Cytochrome P450 3A70101
Caspase-10112
Cytochrome P450 2C190404
Cannabinoid receptor 2 0113
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma0011
Cholinesterase0303
N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase0101
Cytochrome P450 1B10202
Heat sensitive channel TRPV30112
Sigma intracellular receptor 20202
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10112
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 10112
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 80101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 40213
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 20213
G-protein coupled receptor 550011
Diacylglycerol lipase-alpha0101
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Putative Glycine Betaine-binding Abc Transporter Protein0011
Chain A, PUTATIVE GLYCINE BETAINE-BINDING ABC TRANSPORTER PROTEIN0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Choline-binding protein0011
Solute carrier family 22 member 10102
Solute carrier family 22 member 20101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-30101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-20101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-30101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-40101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-50101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 10101
Choline O-acetyltransferase 0001
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-60101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-90101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70404
Solute carrier family 22 member 10406
High affinity choline transporter 10101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-100101
Solute carrier family 22 member 20304
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 22002
Chain A, Ferritin light chain7007
Chain A, Cruzipain5005
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor 0022
Membrane primary amine oxidase 0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 30304
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor017320
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0022
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0001
Delta-type opioid receptor011216
Mu-type opioid receptor013216
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0001
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0001
Nischarin0202
Nischarin0202
Chain A, CHIMERA OF IG KAPPA CHAIN: HUMAN CONSTANT REGION AND MOUSE VARIABLE REGION0011
Chain B, CHIMERA OF IG GAMMA-1 CHAIN: HUMAN CONSTANT REGION AND MOUSE VARIABLE REGION0011
Chain H, Fab M82G2, Heavy chain0011
Chain L, Fab M82G2, Light chain0011
Chain H, Fab M82g2, Heavy Chain0011
Chain L, Fab M82g2, Light Chain0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0303
Amyloid-beta precursor protein1304
Fatty acid-binding protein, heart0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10606
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-105510
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10415
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20549
Liver carboxylesterase 10003
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 018119
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter010111
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30538
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50459
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter08110
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30448
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0406
Lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20448
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20448
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40415
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0303
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0406
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0507
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0406
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0101
Leukotriene B4 receptor 10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60415
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10303
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30314
Leukotriene B4 receptor 20101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0303
Transporter0909
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0101
pregnane X receptor2002
nonstructural protein 14004
IDH18008
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 16006
survival motor neuron protein isoform d7007
Solute carrier family 22 member 30101
Sex hormone-binding globulin0011
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0101
Mineralocorticoid receptor 0011
Androgen receptor0303
C-8 sterol isomerase0202
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10202
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma3003
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase0202
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor9009
huntingtin isoform 23003
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor1001
chaperonin GroEL1001
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4016016
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10303
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1010010
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20909
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4010010
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30505
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40505
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50505
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5011011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20505
Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form0101
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1010111
Angiotensin-converting enzyme010010
Endothelin receptor type B0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40104
Endothelin receptor type B0101
Histamine H2 receptor010010
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C 0303
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A30003
D(2) dopamine receptor0202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 0909
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD70202
Chain A, Beta-lactamase4004
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog3003
thioredoxin glutathione reductase4004
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B3003
Protein farnesyltransferase/geranylgeranyltransferase type-1 subunit alpha0101
Protein farnesyltransferase subunit beta0101
Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT20303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 0101
glp-1 receptor, partial7007
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0707
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 10001
Albumin0236
Albumin0044
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10203
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10203
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20203
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30203
Translocator protein0427
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40203
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20203
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Translocator protein0101
Translocator protein0202
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0101
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0707
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0707
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C010010
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 10202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Smad33003
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 14004
snurportin-14004
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 11001
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor2002
plasminogen precursor2002
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor2002
Alpha-synuclein3104
Caspase-71001
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor2002
caspase-31001
Epidermal growth factor receptor0303
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-20101
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0202
Substance-K receptor0202
D(1A) dopamine receptor2103
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40202
Histamine H4 receptor0303
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-19 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-b-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase class B VIM-2 0001
P2X purinoceptor 40101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20022
Delta-type opioid receptor013418
Mu-type opioid receptor015523
Kappa-type opioid receptor09414
Mu-type opioid receptor07314
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10606
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10505
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 10011
RCG53912, isoform CRA_a 0001
Sphingosine kinase 1 0001
Sphingosine kinase 20102
Sphingosine kinase 10203
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 50101
Cytochrome P450 2J20505
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 10101
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0707
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 20101
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor1001
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
Carbonic anhydrase 1206011
Carbonic anhydrase 30507
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0303
Carbonic anhydrase 406011
Carbonic anhydrase 605010
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 10202
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial06213
Carbonic anhydrase 705010
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 10101
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating0202
Holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10101
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter0101
Carbonic anhydrase 907012
Carbonic anhydrase 130207
G-protein coupled receptor 350112
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 10202
Carbonic anhydrase 1406011
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial06011
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a5005
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-10202
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE100010
15-lipoxygenase, partial5005
glucocerebrosidase2002
Adenylate cyclase type 1 0101
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 15005
transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 11001
Cocaine esterase0101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 10101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90103
Major prion protein0011
Vitamin D-binding protein0101
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain 0011
Integrin beta-10101
Integrin alpha-40101
Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 10001
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70205
Adenylate cyclase type 30101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0101
Adenylate cyclase type 20101
Adenylate cyclase type 40101
Histamine H1 receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0202
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0304
Adenylate cyclase type 80101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0101
AP-2 complex subunit sigma0101
N-acetyltransferase Eis0202
Sodium channel protein type 7 subunit alpha0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0202
Adenylate cyclase type 60101
Adenylate cyclase type 50101
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0303
Calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor0101
Genome polyprotein 0202
Sigma intracellular receptor 20101
Zinc finger protein 6640101
Vesicular acetylcholine transporter0101
Transporter0404
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0101
Protease 0202
Adenylyl cyclase 7 0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0202
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0202
Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha0202
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 14004
Acid-sensing ion channel 30101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A40101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0405
Albumin0102
Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal0101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0102
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10202
Substance-P receptor0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0102
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C30101
Caspase-30101
Caspase-40101
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial0101
Caspase-50101
Caspase-90101
Acid-sensing ion channel 10101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20202
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60102
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0102
Solute carrier family 22 member 80102
Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 90101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0101
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 32002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 10202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0303
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 10404
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 10404
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha0101
Carbonic anhydrase 130405
Carbonic anhydrase 150305
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0202
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0303
Dihydrofolate reductase0426
flap endonuclease 14004
Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A0202
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q12002
WRN1001
integrase, partial0202
lens epithelium-derived growth factor p750202
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA12002
pyruvate kinase1001
hexokinase-4 isoform 11001
glucokinase regulatory protein1001
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 14004
DNA polymerase eta isoform 14004
M-phase phosphoprotein 84004
Polyphenol oxidase 20001
Plasma kallikrein0002
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck0101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150303
Tyrosinase0101
Carbonic anhydrase0204
Solute carrier family 15 member 10101
Carbonic anhydrase0204
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10203
SLC16A10 protein0002
Carbonic anhydrase 0204
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0002
Carbonic anhydrase0103
Carbonic anhydrase0204
Carbonic anhydrase 0204
Monocarboxylate transporter 100002
phosphoglycerate kinase2002
isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, partial2002
alpha-galactosidase3003
Platelet-activating factor receptor0202
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G2002
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 173003
Bile acid receptor0101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 90101
bioA0001
Glucocorticoid receptor0202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10202
Glycine receptor subunit beta0202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30202
interleukin 82002
ClpP2002
Cytochrome P450 1A2 0101
Myeloperoxidase0101
Aromatase0101
Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]0202
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 10101
Acetylcholinesterase 0101
Nociceptin receptor0101
Melatonin receptor type 1A0213
Melatonin receptor type 1C0011
Melatonin receptor type 1A0112
Melatonin receptor type 1B0213
Melatonin receptor type 1C0112
Melatonin receptor type 1B0112
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 20001
Carboxylic ester hydrolase 0101
Kappa-type opioid receptor06311
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40101
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X20033
Aldehyde oxidase 1 0101
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
acid sphingomyelinase2002
Thymidylate synthase 0101
Thymidylate synthase 0101
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX121001
nuclear receptor coactivator 1 isoform 1 [Homo sapiens]0101
transactivating tegument protein VP16 [Human herpesvirus 1]0101
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor1001
nuclear receptor coactivator 3 isoform a0101
Toll-like receptor 40101
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30102
Dihydrofolate reductase0203
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0203
Thymidylate synthase0101
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL10011
Thymidylate synthase0202
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Thymidylate synthase0202
High mobility group protein B10011
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Thymidylate synthase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Folate receptor beta0101
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial 0101
Folate receptor alpha0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Histidine decarboxylase0134
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-30101
Cyclin-dependent kinase 20011
Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein ATIC0202
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 0001
Reduced folate transporter0202
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0103
Caspase-71001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30001
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Pteridine reductase 10101
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0103
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10102
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-30101
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 110001
Proton-coupled folate transporter0101
Multidrug resistance associated protein0102
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30001
Solute carrier family 22 member 110001
Protein-arginine deiminase type-40101
Chain E, Fibrin beta chain0101
T cell receptor, partial1001
luteinizing hormone receptor1001
Caspase 6, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase0001
TSHR protein1001
Apoptotic peptidase activating factor 10101
hypothetical protein, conserved1001
luciferase1001
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform a1001
neutrophil cytosol factor 10101
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor2002
caspase-9 isoform alpha precursor0101
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 31001
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform a1001
caspase-3 isoform a preproprotein0101
protein AF-9 isoform a0001
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor1001
Vpr2002
replicative DNA helicase0001
recombinase A0011
POsterior Segregation0011
DNA repair protein RAD52 homolog isoform a0001
Glutathione reductase0101
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0102
Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain1001
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial0102
Microtubule-associated protein tau0112
Cruzipain0101
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic0102
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 0102
Zinc finger protein mex-50011
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0102
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10 0101
Type-2 angiotensin II receptor0101
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0101
Opioid receptor, delta 1b 0101
Opioid receptor homologue0101
Acyl-CoA desaturase 10101
Proteinase-activated receptor 10112
Nociceptin receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
DNA gyrase subunit B0101
DNA gyrase subunit A0102
DNA gyrase subunit B0102
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A0101
DNA gyrase subunit B0101
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha0001
DNA gyrase subunit A0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
DNA gyrase subunit B0102
DNA gyrase subunit A0102
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A80003
Nociceptin receptor0101
FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR0001
Vasopressin V2 receptor0112
Oxytocin receptor0224
Vasopressin V1a receptor0101
Vasopressin V1a receptor0213
Vasopressin V1b receptor0112
Vasopressin V1b receptor0101
Oxytocin receptor0101
Oxytocin receptor0011
Vasopressin V2 receptor 0101
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase0304
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase0404
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase 0303
Glutamate receptor 10101
Chain A, AMINOPEPTIDASE0101
Chain A, AMINOPEPTIDASE0101
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme0101
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme 0101
Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase0101
Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase0101
5'-nucleotidase0101
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP0101
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 0101
Phospholipase A-2-activating protein0101
beta-2 adrenergic receptor1001
Histamine H3 receptor0101
Histamine H3 receptor0112
Histamine H3 receptor0101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-10102
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-20101
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0101
Chain A, PLASMA RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN PRECURSOR0011
Retinol-binding protein 40011
Beta-lactoglobulin0011
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0303
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Free fatty acid receptor 30011
endonuclease IV1001
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 isoform 10101
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N0101
C-C chemokine receptor type 60101
apelin receptor0101
bcl-2-related protein A10101
streptokinase A precursor0011
Endoglycoceramidase II 0001
Protein kinase C alpha type0101
Estrogen receptor0011
Protein kinase C delta type0101
Protein kinase C epsilon type0101
Protein kinase C zeta type0101
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha 0101
Protein kinase C gamma type0101
Protein kinase C beta type0101
Estrogen receptor beta0011
Protein kinase C eta type0101
Protein kinase C theta type0101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 0002
Carbonic anhydrase 0202
Carbonic anhydrase 0202
Carbonic anhydrase0202
Carbonic anhydrase0202
Prolyl endopeptidase0202
Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 110001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0202
Cytochrome P450 2C80101
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein0202
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0101
Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Carbonic anhydrase 0202
Beta-carbonic anhydrase 10202
Carbonic anhydrase 20202
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family 0202
Carbonic anhydrase 0202
Delta carbonic anhydrase0202
Carbonic anhydrase 40202
Urease subunit alpha0101
Urease subunit beta0101
Olfactory receptor 51E20011
Butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A10012
72 kDa type IV collagenase0101
Matrix metalloproteinase-90101
Neutrophil collagenase0101
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase0101
Matrix metalloproteinase-140101
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase0202
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase 0101
H0101
Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0101
Carbonic anhydrase 30101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing]0101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]