yttrium radioisotopes profile

Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	104760
MeSH ID	M0023111

Synonym
yttrium-90
hsdb 7406
D015021000
yttrium, radioactive
radioactive yttrium
yttrium, isotope of mass 90
90y
10098-91-6
y 90
y-90 radioisotope
yttrium y-90
sir-spheres
yttrium radioisotopes
90yttrium
90y radioisotope
1k8m7ur6o1 ,
yttrium y 90
unii-1k8m7ur6o1
y-90
yttrium (90 y) [who-dd]
yttrium (90 y)
DB13076
DTXSID40874005
Q2650092

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" No toxic deaths were seen in the control group administered gamma-interferon alone."	( gamma-Interferon administration after 90yttrium radiolabeled antibody therapy: survival and hematopoietic toxicity studies. Esteban, JM; Raubitschek, A; Thomas, GE; Wong, JY, 1995)	0.29
" For radiation synovectomy of the knee, 165Dy is at least as safe and as effective as 90Y and has the advantage of a short half-life (2."	( A comparative study of the safety and efficacy of dysprosium-165 hydroxide macro-aggregate and yttrium-90 silicate colloid in radiation synovectomy--a multicentre double blind clinical trial. Australian Dysprosium Trial Group. Brooks, P; Butler, P; Edmonds, J; George, S; Hoschl, R; Laurent, R; Lovegrove, F; Smart, R; Warwick, A; Wiseman, J, 1994)	0.29
" Because of observations in therapeutic trials of yttrium-90 (90Y) escape from radioimmunoconjugates and uptake by the skeleton with resultant bone marrow toxicity, the authors attempted to evaluate the importance of this factor by a comparison of the LD50 in healthy mice treated with 90Y that had been chelated with either of two high affinity chelators, methylbenzyldiethylene-triaminepentaacetic acid (MX-DTPA) or bromoacetamidobenzyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazocyclododecane- N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid (BAD)."	( Comparative toxicity studies of yttrium-90 MX-DTPA and 2-IT-BAD conjugated monoclonal antibody (BrE-3). DeNardo, GL; DeNardo, SJ; Fand, I; Kroger, LA; Kukis, DL; Meares, CF; Miers, LA; Renn, O; Salako, Q; Shen, S, 1994)	0.29
" The LD50 for 90Y-BrE-3-MX-DTPA was 220."	( Comparative toxicity studies of yttrium-90 MX-DTPA and 2-IT-BAD conjugated monoclonal antibody (BrE-3). DeNardo, GL; DeNardo, SJ; Fand, I; Kroger, LA; Kukis, DL; Meares, CF; Miers, LA; Renn, O; Salako, Q; Shen, S, 1994)	0.29
" Its dose-limiting normal tissue side effect is bone marrow toxicity, and hematopoietic stem cell damage appears to be its most significant mechanism."	( Hematologic side effects of radiolabeled immunoglobulin therapy. Andersson, BS; Dicke, KA; Quadri, SM; Vriesendorp, HM, 1996)	0.29
" It seems, in view of these results, that radioactive synovectomy is safe and gives great benefits to the haemophilic patients."	( On the safety of synoviorthesis in haemophilia. Caviglia, H; Fernandez-Palazzi, F, 2001)	0.31
"Manual stepping of beta-emitter source with a short overlapped segment is safe for diffuse ISR."	( Safety and efficacy of manual stepping and overlapping of beta-emitter for diffuse in-stent restenosis lesions. Ajani, AE; Bhargava, B; Bui, AB; Chan, RC; Kent, KM; Kim, HS; Mintz, GS; Pappas, CK; Pichard, AD; Satler, LF; Waksman, R; Yazdi, HA, )	0.13
" The results of clinical trials show that (90)Y ibritumomab tiuxetan can be used effectively and safely in many patients with NHL, including those with mild thrombocytopenia and those with disease that is refractory to rituximab, without the adverse events associated with conventional chemotherapy and external beam radiation therapy."	( Efficacy and safety of 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) radioimmunotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Witzig, TE, 2003)	0.32
" Delayed myelosuppression is the most common adverse effect, and it is predictable, reversible, and manageable."	( Safety and efficacy of radioimmunotherapy with yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin). Borghaei, H; Schilder, RJ, 2004)	0.32
" Therasphere appears to be a relatively safe and effective therapy for advanced-stage unresectable HCC."	( Hepatic arterial 90Yttrium glass microspheres (Therasphere) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: interim safety and survival data on 65 patients. Carr, BI, 2004)	0.32
"Yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan is safe and effective in the indicated population."	( Efficacy and safety of radioimmunotherapy with yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin). Gordon, LI; Riley, MB, 2004)	0.32
"Radioimmunotherapy with 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan is safe and effective in the indicated population, and radiation safety requirements for caregivers and patients are minimal."	( Radiation safety with yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) radioimmunotherapy. Hendrix, C, 2004)	0.32
" By observing universal precautions, and advising patients to do the same, oncology nurses may facilitate the safe and effective administration of the ibritumomab tiuxetan regimen."	( Radiation safety with yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) radioimmunotherapy. Hendrix, C, 2004)	0.32
" Maximum toxicities were monitored and classified according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (ver."	( Full-dose 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan therapy is safe in patients with prior myeloablative chemotherapy. Avril, N; Jacobs, SA; Joyce, J; McCook, B; Torok, F; Vidnovic, N, 2005)	0.33
"Our experience suggests that 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan treatment is safe for use in patients with prior myeloablative therapy when the general inclusion criteria are fulfilled."	( Full-dose 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan therapy is safe in patients with prior myeloablative chemotherapy. Avril, N; Jacobs, SA; Joyce, J; McCook, B; Torok, F; Vidnovic, N, 2005)	0.33
" Patients were followed for adverse events, objective tumor response, and survival."	( Treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with use of 90Y microspheres (TheraSphere): safety, tumor response, and survival. Atassi, B; Barakat, O; Gates, VL; Gordon, SC; Lewandowski, RJ; Salem, R; Sergie, Z; Thurston, KG; Wong, CY, 2005)	0.33
" There were no life-threatening adverse events related to treatment."	( Treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with use of 90Y microspheres (TheraSphere): safety, tumor response, and survival. Atassi, B; Barakat, O; Gates, VL; Gordon, SC; Lewandowski, RJ; Salem, R; Sergie, Z; Thurston, KG; Wong, CY, 2005)	0.33
"Use of 90Y microspheres (TheraSpheres) provides a safe and effective method of treatment for a broad spectrum of patients presenting with unresectable HCC."	( Treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with use of 90Y microspheres (TheraSphere): safety, tumor response, and survival. Atassi, B; Barakat, O; Gates, VL; Gordon, SC; Lewandowski, RJ; Salem, R; Sergie, Z; Thurston, KG; Wong, CY, 2005)	0.33
" Demographics, disease characteristics and the frequency of adverse events were similar in all groups, with the exception of a higher rate of marrow involvement in first-relapse patients than in patients with two or more prior therapies (57% vs."	( Treatment with yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan at early relapse is safe and effective in patients with previously treated B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Darif, M; Emmanouilides, C; Flinn, IW; Gordon, LI; Molina, A; Schilder, RJ; Vo, K; Wiseman, GA; Witzig, TE, 2006)	0.33
" Careful selection and preparation of patients are necessary to avoid possible adverse effects."	( Management and prevention of adverse effects related to treatment of liver tumours with 90Y microspheres. Al-Nahhas, A; Bansi, D; Canelo, R; Habib, N; Jiao, L; Nijran, K; O'Rourke, E; Rubello, D; Stamp, G; Szyszko, T; Tait, P; Thillainayagam, A; Wasan, H, 2007)	0.34
" During the follow-up period of 26 months, all adverse effects were monitored and classified according to the National Cancer Institute criteria."	( Management and prevention of adverse effects related to treatment of liver tumours with 90Y microspheres. Al-Nahhas, A; Bansi, D; Canelo, R; Habib, N; Jiao, L; Nijran, K; O'Rourke, E; Rubello, D; Stamp, G; Szyszko, T; Tait, P; Thillainayagam, A; Wasan, H, 2007)	0.34
"Four patients had adverse effects: one case of cholecystitis followed by fibrosis and portal hypertension, one case of peptic ulceration and two cases of radiation hepatitis."	( Management and prevention of adverse effects related to treatment of liver tumours with 90Y microspheres. Al-Nahhas, A; Bansi, D; Canelo, R; Habib, N; Jiao, L; Nijran, K; O'Rourke, E; Rubello, D; Stamp, G; Szyszko, T; Tait, P; Thillainayagam, A; Wasan, H, 2007)	0.34
"Proper selection of patients and accurate interpretation of pre-treatment investigations are vital for minimizing adverse effects following therapy with SIR spheres."	( Management and prevention of adverse effects related to treatment of liver tumours with 90Y microspheres. Al-Nahhas, A; Bansi, D; Canelo, R; Habib, N; Jiao, L; Nijran, K; O'Rourke, E; Rubello, D; Stamp, G; Szyszko, T; Tait, P; Thillainayagam, A; Wasan, H, 2007)	0.34
" All the toxic events were graded 2 or 3 according to the WHO scale."	( A multicentric phase II clinical trial on intra-arterial hepatic radiotherapy with 90yttrium SIR-spheres in unresectable, colorectal liver metastases refractory to i.v. chemotherapy: preliminary results on toxicity and response rates. Bacchetti, S; Blotta, A; Cagol, PP; Cappelli, A; Carpanese, L; Cosimelli, M; Di Marzo, M; Fiore, F; Galaverni, MC; Garufi, C; Gasparini, D; Geatti, O; Giampalma, L; Golfieri, R; Izzo, F; Lastoria, S; Mancini, R; Mastro, A; Paoletti, G; Pasqual, E; Pizzi, G; Sciuto, R; Zeuli, M, )	0.13
"SIRT is a safe treatment in terms of acute and late toxicity."	( A multicentric phase II clinical trial on intra-arterial hepatic radiotherapy with 90yttrium SIR-spheres in unresectable, colorectal liver metastases refractory to i.v. chemotherapy: preliminary results on toxicity and response rates. Bacchetti, S; Blotta, A; Cagol, PP; Cappelli, A; Carpanese, L; Cosimelli, M; Di Marzo, M; Fiore, F; Galaverni, MC; Garufi, C; Gasparini, D; Geatti, O; Giampalma, L; Golfieri, R; Izzo, F; Lastoria, S; Mancini, R; Mastro, A; Paoletti, G; Pasqual, E; Pizzi, G; Sciuto, R; Zeuli, M, )	0.13
" Nonhematologic adverse events were mild to moderate."	( Efficacy and safety of yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not appropriate for autologous stem-cell transplantation. Hess, G; Huglo, D; Illidge, T; Kalmus, J; Liberati, AM; Marcus, R; Martinelli, G; Milpied, N; Morschhauser, F; Paganelli, G; Rule, S; Stein, H; Zinzani, PL, 2007)	0.34
" The adverse event (AE) rates were highest in patients with main PVT and cirrhosis."	( Safety and efficacy of 90Y radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with and without portal vein thrombosis. Abecassis, M; Atassi, B; Benson, A; Carr, BI; Gates, VL; Kulik, LM; Lewandowski, RJ; Mulcahy, MF; Nemcek, AA; Omary, RA; Ryu, RK; Salem, R; Sato, KT, 2008)	0.35
" Recent reports have demonstrated that SIR is safe for patients with HCC, but the impact on efficacy of venous thrombosis is unknown."	( Is selective internal radioembolization safe and effective for patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma and venous thrombosis? Ellis, SF; Hahl, MJ; Martin, RC; McMasters, KM; Ravindra, KV; Scoggins, CR; Tatum, CM; Woodall, CE, 2009)	0.35
"SIR is safe in patients with HCC."	( Is selective internal radioembolization safe and effective for patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma and venous thrombosis? Ellis, SF; Hahl, MJ; Martin, RC; McMasters, KM; Ravindra, KV; Scoggins, CR; Tatum, CM; Woodall, CE, 2009)	0.35
" Events were further categorized, if there was an adverse outcome, as spill/leak, termination, recatheterization, dose deviation, and/or a regulatory medical event."	( Y-90 microsphere therapy: prevention of adverse events. Bakalyar, D; Beauvais, M; Campbell, J; Feng, W; Savin, M; Schultz, CC, 2009)	0.35
" There were 31 adverse outcomes associated with 33 events: 15 were leaks and/or spills, 9 resulted in termination of the dose administration, 3 resulted in recatheterization for dose compensation, 2 were dose deviations (doses differing from the prescribed between 10% and 20%), and 2 were reported as regulatory medical events."	( Y-90 microsphere therapy: prevention of adverse events. Bakalyar, D; Beauvais, M; Campbell, J; Feng, W; Savin, M; Schultz, CC, 2009)	0.35
"This process of analyzing each event and measuring our outcomes has been effective at minimizing adverse events and improving patient safety."	( Y-90 microsphere therapy: prevention of adverse events. Bakalyar, D; Beauvais, M; Campbell, J; Feng, W; Savin, M; Schultz, CC, 2009)	0.35
" Redistribution of flow in L-RS is feasible and enables a safe and effective delivery of (90)Y resin microspheres that are able to be distributed via intrahepatic collaterals and access the microvasculature of L-RS."	( Safety and efficacy assessment of flow redistribution by occlusion of intrahepatic vessels prior to radioembolization in the treatment of liver tumors. Arbizu, J; Bilbao, JI; de la Cuesta, AM; Garrastachu, P; Hernández, C; Herráiz, MJ; Iñarrairaegui, M; Rodríguez, J; Rodríguez, M; Sangro, B, 2010)	0.36
"Radiation segmentectomy is a safe and efficacious method of selectively delivering high dose to the tumor with minimal exposure of normal parenchyma."	( Radiation segmentectomy: a novel approach to increase safety and efficacy of radioembolization. Abecassis, M; Atassi, B; Baker, T; Benson, AB; Gates, VL; Gupta, R; Kennedy, A; Kulik, L; Lewandowski, RJ; Millender, L; Mulcahy, MF; Omary, R; Riaz, A; Ryu, RK; Salem, R; Sato, KT, 2011)	0.37
" The most frequently observed adverse events was a transient fatigue-syndrome."	( Radioembolization with yttrium-90 glass microspheres in hepatocellular carcinoma: European experience on safety and long-term survival. Antoch, G; Bockisch, A; Cicinnati, VR; Ertle, J; Fouly, AE; Gerken, G; Hamami, M; Heusner, T; Hilgard, P; Müller, S; Paul, A; Scherag, A, 2010)	0.36
"Radioembolization with Y-90 glass microspheres for patients with advanced HCC is a safe and effective treatment which can be utilized even in patients with compromised liver function."	( Radioembolization with yttrium-90 glass microspheres in hepatocellular carcinoma: European experience on safety and long-term survival. Antoch, G; Bockisch, A; Cicinnati, VR; Ertle, J; Fouly, AE; Gerken, G; Hamami, M; Heusner, T; Hilgard, P; Müller, S; Paul, A; Scherag, A, 2010)	0.36
"Proximal cystic artery embolization is safe and feasible and may be performed during liver-directed embolotherapy to minimize the exposure of the gallbladder to particulate, chemoembolic, or radioembolic agents."	( Prophylactic embolization of the cystic artery before radioembolization: feasibility, safety, and outcomes. Kee, ST; Lee, EW; Liu, DM; Loh, CT; McWilliams, JP, 2011)	0.37
"Delivery of highly targeted intra-arterial radiotherapy to the kidney is feasible and safe in the pig model."	( Super selective radio embolization of the porcine kidney with 90yttrium resin microspheres: a feasibility, safety and dose ranging study. Aslan, P; Cade, D; de Silva, S; Delprado, W; Houang, M; Ladd, L; MacKie, S, 2011)	0.37
"To evaluate the incidence of extrahepatic deposition of technetium-99m-labeled albumin macroaggregates ((99m)Tc-MAA) after pretreatment angiography, before yttrium-90 radioembolizaton ((90)Y-RE), and to report on technical solutions that can be used to ensure safe delivery of (90)Y-microspheres in patients with initial extrahepatic deposition."	( Technical solutions to ensure safe yttrium-90 radioembolization in patients with initial extrahepatic deposition of (99m)technetium-albumin macroaggregates. Barentsz, MW; Lam, MG; Nijsen, JF; Rosenbaum, CE; Seinstra, BA; Smits, ML; Van den Bosch, MA; Vente, MA; Verkooijen, HM; Zonnenberg, BA, 2011)	0.37
" The technical solutions to enable safe (90)Y microspheres delivery included more distal placement of the microcatheter in the proper/right hepatic artery in 4 of 7 (57%) patients; (super)selective catheterization of multiple segmental branches in 2 of 7 (29%); and additional coiling of a newly detected branch in the remaining patient (14%)."	( Technical solutions to ensure safe yttrium-90 radioembolization in patients with initial extrahepatic deposition of (99m)technetium-albumin macroaggregates. Barentsz, MW; Lam, MG; Nijsen, JF; Rosenbaum, CE; Seinstra, BA; Smits, ML; Van den Bosch, MA; Vente, MA; Verkooijen, HM; Zonnenberg, BA, 2011)	0.37
" The technical solutions as presented allowed safe (90)Y-RE delivery in 25 of 26 (96%) patients."	( Technical solutions to ensure safe yttrium-90 radioembolization in patients with initial extrahepatic deposition of (99m)technetium-albumin macroaggregates. Barentsz, MW; Lam, MG; Nijsen, JF; Rosenbaum, CE; Seinstra, BA; Smits, ML; Van den Bosch, MA; Vente, MA; Verkooijen, HM; Zonnenberg, BA, 2011)	0.37
" These results suggest that pre-HAT is safe and should not preclude hepatectomy in carefully selected patients."	( Hepatectomy after hepatic arterial therapy with either yttrium-90 or drug-eluting bead chemotherapy: is it safe? Bower, MR; Brown, RE; Hahl, MJ; Martin, RC; McMasters, KM; Metzger, TL; Scoggins, CR; Tatum, C, 2011)	0.37
" The most common adverse effects were hematologic, with 2 patients experiencing treatment-related myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), evolving to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in 1 patient."	( Safety and efficacy of combination therapy with fludarabine, mitoxantrone, and rituximab followed by yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan and maintenance rituximab as front-line therapy for patients with follicular or marginal zone lymphoma. Bayer, R; Fung, HC; Gregory, SA; Karmali, R; Kassar, M; O'Brien, T; Shammo, JM; Venugopal, P, 2011)	0.37
" Adverse events were observed, and best-corrected visual acuity was measured using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study vision charts."	( Three-year safety and visual acuity results of epimacular 90 strontium/90 yttrium brachytherapy with bevacizumab for the treatment of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Avila, MP; Carla, L; Farah, ME; Fuji, G; Nau, J; Rossi, J; Santos, A, 2012)	0.38
" There was 1 case of nonproliferative retinopathy identified at 36 months of follow-up that did not have an adverse effect on visual acuity, was stable at 43 months of follow-up, and was isolated to the parafoveal region."	( Three-year safety and visual acuity results of epimacular 90 strontium/90 yttrium brachytherapy with bevacizumab for the treatment of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Avila, MP; Carla, L; Farah, ME; Fuji, G; Nau, J; Rossi, J; Santos, A, 2012)	0.38
" The procedure was safe and well tolerated, with a reasonable risk-benefit profile that warrants further study in larger subject populations."	( Three-year safety and visual acuity results of epimacular 90 strontium/90 yttrium brachytherapy with bevacizumab for the treatment of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Avila, MP; Carla, L; Farah, ME; Fuji, G; Nau, J; Rossi, J; Santos, A, 2012)	0.38
"Conclusion Despite the low quality of BS images, BSSPECT/CT can be used as a reliable method to confirm the safe distribution of 90Y microspheres and in the prediction of GI side effects."	( The significance of bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT after yttrium-90 radioembolization treatment in the prediction of extrahepatic side effects. Ahmadzadehfar, H; Biermann, K; Biersack, HJ; Ezziddin, S; Haslerud, T; Kuhl, C; Muckle, M; Sabet, A; Wilhelm, K, 2012)	0.38
" Standard clinical and liver specific laboratory parameters as well as MR imaging before treatment and at follow-up (6 and 12 weeks) after radioembolization were evaluated for toxicity using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE)."	( Hepatic toxicity after radioembolization of the liver using (90)Y-microspheres: sequential lobar versus whole liver approach. Amthauer, H; Damm, R; Malfertheiner, P; Mohnike, K; Pech, M; Ricke, J; Schütte, K; Seidensticker, M; Seidensticker, R; Van Buskirk, M, 2012)	0.38
" Adverse events were assessed at the time of treatment and at 1 and 3 months after treatment."	( Radioembolization versus standard care of hepatic metastases: comparative retrospective cohort study of survival outcomes and adverse events in salvage patients. Bester, L; Chua, TC; Meteling, B; Morris, DL; Pavlakis, N; Pocock, N; Saxena, A, 2012)	0.38
" At the 3-month follow-up, the incidence of more serious adverse events was low, with 11 cases (3%) of ulceration, 10 cases (2."	( Radioembolization versus standard care of hepatic metastases: comparative retrospective cohort study of survival outcomes and adverse events in salvage patients. Bester, L; Chua, TC; Meteling, B; Morris, DL; Pavlakis, N; Pocock, N; Saxena, A, 2012)	0.38
"The present study suggests that radioembolization shows promise as an effective and safe treatment for patients with chemotherapy-refractory hepatic metastases and improves overall survival in a select population of patients in a salvage setting compared with best supportive care alone."	( Radioembolization versus standard care of hepatic metastases: comparative retrospective cohort study of survival outcomes and adverse events in salvage patients. Bester, L; Chua, TC; Meteling, B; Morris, DL; Pavlakis, N; Pocock, N; Saxena, A, 2012)	0.38
"Image-guided personalized predictive dosimetry by artery-specific SPECT/CT partition modeling achieves high clinical success rates for safe and effective (90)Y radioembolization."	( Image-guided personalized predictive dosimetry by artery-specific SPECT/CT partition modeling for safe and effective 90Y radioembolization. Burgmans, MC; Eng Ng, DC; Gong Lo, RH; Hock Tan, AE; Hoe Chow, PK; Irani, FG; Kao, YH; Khoo, LS; Tan, BS; Tay, KH; Whatt Goh, AS, 2012)	0.38
" Common adverse events included conjunctival hemorrhage (n = 38), cataract (n = 16), resolving vitreous hemorrhage (n = 6), and eye pain (n = 5)."	( Macular epiretinal brachytherapy in treated age-related macular degeneration: MERITAGE study: twelve-month safety and efficacy results. Barak, A; Bennett, M; Dugel, PU; Jackson, TL; Nau, J; Petrarca, R; Weinberger, D, 2012)	0.38
" We present two cases in which patients with HCC and portal vein invasion resulting in elevated hepatopulmonary shunt fractions underwent chemoembolic shunt closure to allow safe (90)Y radioembolization."	( Chemoembolic hepatopulmonary shunt reduction to allow safe yttrium-90 radioembolization lobectomy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gaba, RC; Vanmiddlesworth, KA, 2012)	0.38
" It may be delivered as a short outpatient procedure, with few adverse effects other than hematological toxicity."	( [Hematological toxicity of radioimmunotherpy with 90Y Ibritumomab]. Giza, A; Hubalewska-Dydejczyk, A; Jakóbczyk, M; Jurczak, W; Skotnicki, AB; Sobociński, M; Staszczak, AS; Szostek, M; Zimowska-Curyło, D, 2012)	0.38
"Delivery of (90)Y microspheres through the right IPA is feasible and safe with the use of catheter-directed CT angiography in addition to DSA and (99m)Tc MAA SPECT/CT in patients with tumors with greater than 10% IPA supply."	( Radioembolization with infusion of yttrium-90 microspheres into a right inferior phrenic artery with hepatic tumor supply is feasible and safe. Burgmans, MC; Chow, PK; Dames, EL; Goh, AS; Irani, FG; Kao, YH; Lo, RH; Tay, KH; Teo, TK, 2012)	0.38
" Adverse events were graded during a standardized follow-up."	( Safety of repeated yttrium-90 radioembolization. Goris, ML; Iagaru, AH; Lam, MG; Louie, JD; Sze, DY, 2013)	0.39
" Immediate adverse events included abdominal pain (7."	( Impact of prior hepatectomy on the safety and efficacy of radioembolization with yttrium-90 microspheres for patients with unresectable liver tumors. Bester, L; Chua, TC; Feitelson, S; Milner, B; Morris, DL, 2014)	0.4
"Our results indicate that radioembolization is safe to be performed on a remnant liver."	( Impact of prior hepatectomy on the safety and efficacy of radioembolization with yttrium-90 microspheres for patients with unresectable liver tumors. Bester, L; Chua, TC; Feitelson, S; Milner, B; Morris, DL, 2014)	0.4
" In agreement with others, though recognizing limitations, this study suggests RS is safe regarding cancer induction."	( Radioactive synovectomy with (90) yttrium and (153) samarium hydroxyapatite in haemophilic joints: preliminary study on radiation safety. Assi, PE; Bordim, A; da Fonseca, LM; Gabriel, MB; Gutfilen, B; Lorenzato, CS; Mendes, JD; Pacheco, LR; Souza, SA; Thomas, S, 2013)	0.39
"Radioembolization with (90)Y is safe and demonstrates antitumoral response and survival benefit in select patients with ICC."	( Yttrium-90 radioembolization for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: safety, response, and survival analysis. Baker, T; Benson, AB; Gupta, R; Lewandowski, RJ; Memon, K; Mouli, S; Mulcahy, MF; Ryu, RK; Salem, R, 2013)	0.39
" RE appears to be safe for the treatment of hepatic malignancies only in patients who have had limited hepatic exposure to prior EBRT."	( Safety of 90Y radioembolization in patients who have undergone previous external beam radiation therapy. Abdelmaksoud, MH; Chang, DT; Chung, MP; Eclov, NC; Koong, AC; Lam, MG; Louie, JD; Sze, DY, 2013)	0.39
" To avoid these adverse side effects, RE has to be terminated at an earlier time point."	( Residual activity after radioembolization of liver tumours with 90Y resin microspheres. A safe calculation method. Ahmadzadehfar, H; Biersack, HJ; Ezziddin, S; Fimmers, R; Habibi, E; Haslerud, T; Meyer, C; Muckle, M; Reichmann, K; Sabet, A, 2014)	0.4
" We hypothesized that for the same planned tissue dose, the increase in number of glass microspheres (decayed to the second week of their allowable shelf-life) administered for the same absorbed dose would result in better tumor distribution of the microspheres without causing additional adverse events."	( Sustained safety and efficacy of extended-shelf-life (90)Y glass microspheres: long-term follow-up in a 134-patient cohort. Gates, VL; Lewandowski, RJ; Memon, K; Minocha, J; Omary, R; Riaz, A; Ryu, RK; Salem, R; Sato, KT, 2014)	0.4
" The increase in number of microspheres administered theoretically resulted in better tumor distribution of the microspheres without an increase in adverse events."	( Sustained safety and efficacy of extended-shelf-life (90)Y glass microspheres: long-term follow-up in a 134-patient cohort. Gates, VL; Lewandowski, RJ; Memon, K; Minocha, J; Omary, R; Riaz, A; Ryu, RK; Salem, R; Sato, KT, 2014)	0.4
" Yttrium-90 (Y90) radioembolization is a potentially safe and effective treatment for patients with CRCLM who have failed conventional chemotherapy regimens."	( A systematic review on the safety and efficacy of yttrium-90 radioembolization for unresectable, chemorefractory colorectal cancer liver metastases. Bester, L; Gibbs, P; Meteling, B; Morris, DL; Perera, M; Saxena, A; Shan, L, 2014)	0.4
"Y90 radioembolization is a safe and effective treatment of CRCLM in the salvage setting and should be more widely utilized."	( A systematic review on the safety and efficacy of yttrium-90 radioembolization for unresectable, chemorefractory colorectal cancer liver metastases. Bester, L; Gibbs, P; Meteling, B; Morris, DL; Perera, M; Saxena, A; Shan, L, 2014)	0.4
" Previous studies showed that 90Y-IT is safe and effective in relapsed/refractory indolent FL, irrespective of prior treatment with rituximab."	( Safety and efficacy of (90) yttrium-ibritumomab-tiuxetan for untreated follicular lymphoma patients. An Italian cooperative study. Botto, B; Carella, AM; Cascavilla, N; Ciabatti, E; Ciochetto, C; Fraternali Orcioni, G; Galimberti, S; Guolo, F; Ibatici, A; Nati, S; Orciuolo, E; Petrini, M; Pica, GM; Vitolo, U; Zinzani, PL, 2014)	0.4
"Radioembolization with 90Y is a safe and effective treatment for unresectable HCC."	( Yttrium-90 radioembolization is a safe and effective treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a single centre experience of 45 consecutive patients. Bester, L; Danta, M; Golani, S; Kapoor, J; Meteling, B; Morris, DL; Saxena, A, 2014)	0.4
"In patients with unresectable infiltrative HCC and PVT, (90) Y therapy appears to be a safe and viable therapy."	( Open-label prospective study of the safety and efficacy of glass-based yttrium 90 radioembolization for infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombosis. Camacho, JC; El-Rayes, BF; Kim, HS; Knechtle, SJ; Kokabi, N; Spivey, JR; Xing, M, 2015)	0.42
"Extrahepatic deposition of a (166)Ho scout dose seems to be theoretically safe in most patients."	( Safety of a Scout Dose Preceding Hepatic Radioembolization with 166Ho Microspheres. Bol, GH; de Jong, HW; Lam, MG; Prince, JF; van den Bosch, MA; van Rooij, R, 2015)	0.42
"Early and late toxicity after 566 RE procedures were analyzed retrospectively in accordance with the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v3."	( Safety of Radioembolization with (90)Yttrium Resin Microspheres Depending on Coiling or No-Coiling of Aberrant/High-Risk Vessels. Fendler, WP; Haug, AR; Jakobs, TF; Lehner, S; Paprottka, KJ; Paprottka, PM; Reiser, MF; Trumm, CG; Walter, A; Zech, CJ, 2015)	0.42
"RE with (90)Y resin microspheres is a safe and effective treatment option."	( Safety of Radioembolization with (90)Yttrium Resin Microspheres Depending on Coiling or No-Coiling of Aberrant/High-Risk Vessels. Fendler, WP; Haug, AR; Jakobs, TF; Lehner, S; Paprottka, KJ; Paprottka, PM; Reiser, MF; Trumm, CG; Walter, A; Zech, CJ, 2015)	0.42
" There were no differences between cohorts for any grade adverse events (P = ."	( Safety and Efficacy of Radioembolization in Elderly (≥ 70 Years) and Younger Patients With Unresectable Liver-Dominant Colorectal Cancer. Ball, DS; Cohen, SJ; Cohn, M; Coldwell, D; Drooz, A; Ehrenwald, E; Kanani, S; Kennedy, AS; Moeslein, FM; Nutting, CW; Putnam, SG; Rose, SC; Savin, MA; Schirm, S; Sharma, NK; Wang, EA, 2016)	0.43
" Survival outcomes and clinical or biochemical adverse events were recorded."	( 90Y Radioembolization of Colorectal Hepatic Metastases Using Glass Microspheres: Safety and Survival Outcomes from a 531-Patient Multicenter Study. Abbott, A; Baigorri, B; Benson, AB; Boyer, B; Critchfield, J; Ehrenwald, E; Gabr, A; Gates, VL; Geschwind, JF; Gorodetski, B; Hickey, R; Kallini, J; Kauffman, S; Kircher, S; Kwan, S; Lewandowski, RJ; Mulcahy, M; Nimeiri, H; Padia, SA; Prudhomme, T; Rilling, WS; Salem, R; Shridhar, R; White, SB, 2016)	0.43
" The most common clinical adverse events were fatigue (55%), abdominal pain (34%), and nausea (19%)."	( 90Y Radioembolization of Colorectal Hepatic Metastases Using Glass Microspheres: Safety and Survival Outcomes from a 531-Patient Multicenter Study. Abbott, A; Baigorri, B; Benson, AB; Boyer, B; Critchfield, J; Ehrenwald, E; Gabr, A; Gates, VL; Geschwind, JF; Gorodetski, B; Hickey, R; Kallini, J; Kauffman, S; Kircher, S; Kwan, S; Lewandowski, RJ; Mulcahy, M; Nimeiri, H; Padia, SA; Prudhomme, T; Rilling, WS; Salem, R; Shridhar, R; White, SB, 2016)	0.43
" Sequential lobar treatment and absence of prior angiosuppressive therapy were both associated with a lower rate of serious adverse events."	( Safety, Efficacy, and Prognostic Factors After Radioembolization of Hepatic Metastases from Breast Cancer: A Large Single-Center Experience in 81 Patients. Bartenstein, P; Fendler, WP; Haug, AR; Jakobs, TF; Lechner, H; Lehner, S; Michl, M; Paprottka, KJ; Paprottka, PM; Todica, A, 2016)	0.43
"Radioembolization for breast cancer liver metastases shows encouraging local response rates with low incidence of serious adverse events, especially in those patients with sequential lobar treatment or without prior angiosuppressive therapy."	( Safety, Efficacy, and Prognostic Factors After Radioembolization of Hepatic Metastases from Breast Cancer: A Large Single-Center Experience in 81 Patients. Bartenstein, P; Fendler, WP; Haug, AR; Jakobs, TF; Lechner, H; Lehner, S; Michl, M; Paprottka, KJ; Paprottka, PM; Todica, A, 2016)	0.43
" The radioembolization group also experienced fewer severe adverse effects."	( Radioembolization Is a Safe and Effective Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Thrombosis: A Propensity Score Analysis. Bae, SH; Cho, YY; Chung, JW; Gwak, GY; Heo, J; Kim, do Y; Kim, HC; Kim, YH; Kim, YJ; Lee, M, 2016)	0.43
"In unresectable ICC, (90)Y-TARE is safe and offers a survival benefit in naive patients, as well as in responders."	( Yttrium-90 radioembolization for unresectable/recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a survival, efficacy and safety study. Ascanio, S; Brandi, G; Cappelli, A; Cucchetti, A; Golfieri, R; Gramenzi, A; Monari, F; Mosconi, C; Pettinato, C; Renzulli, M; Trevisani, F, 2016)	0.43
" An evaluation was made of the concordance with clinical guidelines, toxicity as rated by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), and effectiveness was assessed based on response to treatment, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS)."	( Radioimmunotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; positioning, safety, and efficacy of 90Y-Ibritumomab. 10 years of experience and follow-up. Beneit, P; Clavel, J; Figueroa, G; Martínez, A; Martínez-Caballero, D; Martínez-Ramirez, M; Verdú, J, )	0.13
" Adverse effects were observed in 71% of patients, which were usually manageable and transient, and with the most common being thrombocytopenia."	( Radioimmunotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; positioning, safety, and efficacy of 90Y-Ibritumomab. 10 years of experience and follow-up. Beneit, P; Clavel, J; Figueroa, G; Martínez, A; Martínez-Caballero, D; Martínez-Ramirez, M; Verdú, J, )	0.13
" Adverse effects were common, mild, and manageable."	( Radioimmunotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; positioning, safety, and efficacy of 90Y-Ibritumomab. 10 years of experience and follow-up. Beneit, P; Clavel, J; Figueroa, G; Martínez, A; Martínez-Caballero, D; Martínez-Ramirez, M; Verdú, J, )	0.13
"To develop a safe and robust workflow for yttrium-90 (Y-90) radioembolization procedures in a multidisciplinary team environment."	( Process improvement for the safe delivery of multidisciplinary-executed treatments-A case in Y-90 microspheres therapy. Altman, MB; Cai, B; Garcia-Ramirez, J; Goddu, SM; LaBrash, J; Mutic, S; Olsen, JR; Parikh, PJ; Saad, N; Zoberi, JE, )	0.13
"90 Y radioembolization is a safe and effective treatment for HCC and PVTT."	( A systematic review on the safety and effectiveness of yttrium-90 radioembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis. Jia, Z; Jiang, G; Qin, X; Tian, F; Zhu, C, )	0.13
"Y-90 radioembolization following extended hepatic lobectomy appears to be safe and effective."	( Safety and Efficacy of Y-90 Radioembolization After Prior Major Hepatic Resection. Bruners, P; Goerg, F; Heinzel, A; Isfort, P; Kuhl, C; Liebl, M; Pedersoli, F; Schulze-Hagen, M; Ulmer, TF; Zimmermann, M, 2017)	0.46
" Grade ≥3 adverse events were graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse events."	( Safety and Efficacy of Transarterial Radioembolisation in Patients with Intermediate or Advanced Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma Refractory to Chemoembolisation. Bonne, L; De Hertogh, G; Deroose, CM; Dresen, RC; Klompenhouwer, EG; Laenen, A; Maleux, G; Vandevaveye, V; Verslype, C, 2017)	0.46
" Grade 3 adverse events following TARE included: fatigue (20%), bilirubin increase (10%), cholecystitis (3."	( Safety and Efficacy of Transarterial Radioembolisation in Patients with Intermediate or Advanced Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma Refractory to Chemoembolisation. Bonne, L; De Hertogh, G; Deroose, CM; Dresen, RC; Klompenhouwer, EG; Laenen, A; Maleux, G; Vandevaveye, V; Verslype, C, 2017)	0.46
"TARE is safe and can be effective in patients with an intermediate or advanced stage HCC who are refractory to TACE."	( Safety and Efficacy of Transarterial Radioembolisation in Patients with Intermediate or Advanced Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma Refractory to Chemoembolisation. Bonne, L; De Hertogh, G; Deroose, CM; Dresen, RC; Klompenhouwer, EG; Laenen, A; Maleux, G; Vandevaveye, V; Verslype, C, 2017)	0.46
"• A holmium-166 scout dose is safe in a clinical setting."	( Safety analysis of holmium-166 microsphere scout dose imaging during radioembolisation work-up: A cohort study. Braat, AJAT; Bruijnen, RCG; Lam, MGEH; Prince, JF; van den Bosch, MAAJ; van Rooij, R, 2018)	0.48
"Combined radioembolization and chemoembolization appears to be a safe and effective treatment modality for bilobar HCC."	( Safety and Efficacy of Transarterial Radioembolization Combined with Chemoembolization for Bilobar Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Single-Center Retrospective Study. Choi, W; Han, K; Han, KH; Kim, DY; Kim, GM; Kim, MD; Kim, YS; Kwon, JH; Lee, DY; Lee, J; Won, JY, 2018)	0.48
" In the safety population, at least one serious adverse event was reported in 174 (77%) of 226 patients in the SIRT group and in 176 (82%) of 216 in the sorafenib group."	( Efficacy and safety of selective internal radiotherapy with yttrium-90 resin microspheres compared with sorafenib in locally advanced and inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (SARAH): an open-label randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Adam, R; Allaham, W; Assenat, E; Aubé, C; Barraud, H; Bouattour, M; Brenot-Rossi, I; Bronowicki, JP; Castera, L; Chatellier, G; Costentin, C; Couturier, O; Dinut, A; Gerolami, R; Guiu, B; Ilonca, AD; Itti, E; Laurent, V; Lebtahi, R; Lewin, M; Luciani, A; Mathias, E; Mundler, O; Oberti, F; Pageaux, GP; Perdrisot, R; Pereira, H; Raoul, JL; Ronot, M; Samuel, D; Sarran, A; Seitz, JF; Sibert, A; Silvain, C; Tasu, JP; Vidal, V; Vilgrain, V, 2017)	0.46
" Adverse events were as expected."	( Safety and Feasibility of Integrating Yttrium-90 Radioembolization With Capecitabine-Temozolomide for Grade 2 Liver-Dominant Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cengel, KA; Damjanov, N; Metz, DC; Soulen, MC; Teitelbaum, UR; van Houten, D, 2018)	0.48
"CapTemY90 is feasible and safe for grade 2 NETs."	( Safety and Feasibility of Integrating Yttrium-90 Radioembolization With Capecitabine-Temozolomide for Grade 2 Liver-Dominant Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Cengel, KA; Damjanov, N; Metz, DC; Soulen, MC; Teitelbaum, UR; van Houten, D, 2018)	0.48
"To retrospectively analyze adverse events (AE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with yttrium-90 radioembolization in the setting of angiographically apparent arterioportal shunts (APSs)."	( Safety of Radioembolization in the Setting of Angiographically Apparent Arterioportal Shunting. Geller, BS; Kapp, M; Pepin, EW; Shah, JL; Thornton, LM; Toskich, BB, 2018)	0.48
" The observed adverse events were classified according to the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v5."	( Safety of transarterial radioembolization with Yttrium-90 glass microspheres without cystic artery occlusion. Alan Selcuk, N; Sarikaya, B; Toklu, T; Topcuoglu, OM, 2019)	0.51
" There were no detected grade 2 or 3 adverse events."	( Safety of transarterial radioembolization with Yttrium-90 glass microspheres without cystic artery occlusion. Alan Selcuk, N; Sarikaya, B; Toklu, T; Topcuoglu, OM, 2019)	0.51
"These data demonstrate that hepatectomy following Y-90 is safe in well-selected populations."	( Is hepatectomy safe following Yttrium-90 therapy? A multi-institutional international experience. Abbott, DE; Alseidi, A; Bentrem, DJ; Borel Rinkes, IHM; Chadalavada, S; Choi, GH; Dhar, VK; Eng, OS; Fisher, AV; Fong, Y; Hagendoorn, J; Johnson, AC; Kies, D; Latorre, K; Lewandowski, R; Maithel, SK; Makris, E; Melstrom, LG; Poultsides, G; Raoof, M; Rocha, F; Ronnekleiv-Kelly, S; Salem, R; Sekhar, A; Shah, SA; Singh, G; Weber, SM; Winslow, ER, 2019)	0.51
" Clinical documentation, laboratory results, and imaging results at 1- and 3-month follow-up intervals were reviewed to assess treatment-related adverse events and treatment responses."	( Safety of Combined Yttrium-90 Radioembolization and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dagher, NN; Gu, P; Hickey, RM; Park, JS; Ruohoniemi, D; Shanbhogue, KP; Taslakian, B; Wei, J; Welling, TH; Zhan, C, 2020)	0.56
"Radioembolization combined with checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in cases of HCC appears to be safe and causes limited treatment-related toxicity."	( Safety of Combined Yttrium-90 Radioembolization and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dagher, NN; Gu, P; Hickey, RM; Park, JS; Ruohoniemi, D; Shanbhogue, KP; Taslakian, B; Wei, J; Welling, TH; Zhan, C, 2020)	0.56
"9%) experiencing Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events toxicity of grade 2 or greater, 3 (10."	( Incidence of Radioembolization-Induced Liver Disease and Liver Toxicity Following Repeat 90Y-Radioembolization: Outcomes at a Large Tertiary Care Center. Bercu, ZL; Brandon, DC; Elsayed, M; Ermentrout, RM; Galt, JR; Kokabi, N; Schuster, DM; Sethi, I; Whitmore, M, 2020)	0.56
"Repeat Y-RE appears to be well tolerated with a low rate of high-grade adverse events and REILD."	( Incidence of Radioembolization-Induced Liver Disease and Liver Toxicity Following Repeat 90Y-Radioembolization: Outcomes at a Large Tertiary Care Center. Bercu, ZL; Brandon, DC; Elsayed, M; Ermentrout, RM; Galt, JR; Kokabi, N; Schuster, DM; Sethi, I; Whitmore, M, 2020)	0.56
"Quantification of post-interventional adverse events of outpatient SIRT leading to hospitalization and quantification of radiation exposure."	( Outpatient Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolization: assessment of radiation safety and quantification of post-treatment adverse events causing hospitalization. Aberle, S; Becker, AS; Burger, I; Kenkel, D; Pfammatter, T; Puippe, G; Schaefer, N, 2020)	0.56
" Studies were reviewed to March 2019 to assess Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3/4 toxicities, disease progression, and death."	( Safety and Effectiveness of Yttrium-90 Radioembolization around the Time of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Unresectable Hepatic Metastases. Aaltonen, ET; Hickey, RM; Horn, JC; Kulkarni, K; Ruohoniemi, DM; Taslakian, B; Wei, J; Zhan, C, 2020)	0.56
" Adverse event rates were low, with no hepatic-related Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Grade 3 or 4 toxicity."	( Yttrium-90 radiation segmentectomy for hepatic metastases: A multi-institutional study of safety and efficacy. Agopian, VG; DiNorcia, J; Johnson, GE; Padia, SA; Sayre, J; Shin, DS; Srinivasa, RN, 2021)	0.62
" Adverse event rates were low, with no hepatic-related Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Grade 3 or 4 toxicity."	( Yttrium-90 radiation segmentectomy for hepatic metastases: A multi-institutional study of safety and efficacy. Agopian, VG; DiNorcia, J; Johnson, GE; Padia, SA; Sayre, J; Shin, DS; Srinivasa, RN, 2021)	0.62
" 12% of patients experienced at least one adverse event in the 30 days following treatment; 30-day mortality was 1%."	( Short-term Safety and Quality of Life Outcomes Following Radioembolization in Primary and Secondary Liver Tumours: a Multi-centre Analysis of 200 Patients in France. Arnold, D; Bilbao, JI; Bouvier, A; Greget, M; Helmberger, T; Kaufmann, N; Loffroy, R; Maleux, G; Mastier, C; Pelage, JP; Pellerin, O; Peynircioglu, B; Ronot, M; Sangro, B; Schaefer, N; Sengel, C; Tselikas, L; Urdániz, M; Vilgrain, V, 2021)	0.62
" Demographic, clinical, and laboratory values and adverse events were reviewed before and after nivolumab initiation and after each LRT."	( Safety and Efficacy of Locoregional Treatment during Immunotherapy with Nivolumab for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study of 41 Interventions in 29 Patients. Bishay, V; Cedillo, M; Charles, D; Fischman, A; Kim, E; Lookstein, R; Marinelli, B; Marron, T; Murthy, S; Nowakowski, S; Pasik, SD; Patel, RS; Ranade, M; Schwartz, M; Sung, M, 2020)	0.56
"1), no grade III/IV adverse events attributable to nivolumab were observed."	( Safety and Efficacy of Locoregional Treatment during Immunotherapy with Nivolumab for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study of 41 Interventions in 29 Patients. Bishay, V; Cedillo, M; Charles, D; Fischman, A; Kim, E; Lookstein, R; Marinelli, B; Marron, T; Murthy, S; Nowakowski, S; Pasik, SD; Patel, RS; Ranade, M; Schwartz, M; Sung, M, 2020)	0.56
" Five adverse events occurred, including one serious radiation burn requiring surgery."	( Safety and therapeutic value of radiosynoviorthesis with yttrium-90: a Canadian single-centre experience. Rampakakis, E; Sampalis, JS; Senta, H; Thorne, C; Turcotte, E; Zeiadin, N, 2021)	0.62
"Our results confirm the safety of 90Y radiosynoviorthesis in refractory synovitis and provide preliminary evidence supporting its clinical efficacy with sustained benefit at 12 months, suggesting that it is a safe alternative to surgical synovectomy in such cases."	( Safety and therapeutic value of radiosynoviorthesis with yttrium-90: a Canadian single-centre experience. Rampakakis, E; Sampalis, JS; Senta, H; Thorne, C; Turcotte, E; Zeiadin, N, 2021)	0.62
" Grade 3+ clinical adverse events and grade 3+ hyperbilirubinemia occurred in 5% (2/39) and 0% (0/39), respectively."	( Safety and Efficacy of Segmental Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation. Boike, JR; Borja-Cacho, D; Caicedo-Ramirez, JC; Christopher, DA; Flamm, SL; Gabr, A; Ganger, DR; Gordon, AC; Gupta, AN; Katariya, NN; Kulik, LM; Ladner, DP; Lewandowski, RJ; Maddur, H; Moore, CM; Riaz, A; Salem, R; Thornburg, BG, 2021)	0.62
"Segmental Y90 for HCC appears safe and efficacious in patients after TIPS."	( Safety and Efficacy of Segmental Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation. Boike, JR; Borja-Cacho, D; Caicedo-Ramirez, JC; Christopher, DA; Flamm, SL; Gabr, A; Ganger, DR; Gordon, AC; Gupta, AN; Katariya, NN; Kulik, LM; Ladner, DP; Lewandowski, RJ; Maddur, H; Moore, CM; Riaz, A; Salem, R; Thornburg, BG, 2021)	0.62
" TAVR procedure is equally safe and feasible in patients aged 90 years or older compared to younger patients."	( TAVR in nonagenarians: An analysis investigating safety, efficacy, symptomatic improvement, and long-term survival. Braun, D; Deseive, S; Gschwendtner, S; Hagl, C; Hainzer, N; Hausleiter, J; Jochheim, D; Massberg, S; Mehilli, J; Sadoni, S; Steffen, J; Theiss, H; Zadrozny, M, 2021)	0.62
" The properties of 90Y-RadioGel™ also make it a relatively safe agent for health care personnel who prepare, handle, and administer the material."	( Radiation Safety for Yttrium-90-polymer Composites (RadioGel™) in Therapy of Solid Tumors. Fisher, DR, 2021)	0.62
"Findings of the study revealed that in the absence of the established treatment for the patients with RR-DTC and metastatic MTC, PRRT could be effective with few adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in advanced radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and metastatic medullary thyroid cancer: a systematic review. Emami, Z; Khamseh, ME; Maghsoomi, Z; Malboosbaf, R; Malek, M, 2021)	0.62
" We used Southwest Oncology Group Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria to evaluate treatment efficacy and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events criteria to assess toxicity."	( Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in patients with metastatic progressive pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: long-term toxicity, efficacy and prognostic biomarker data of phase II clinical trials. Bongiovanni, A; Cittanti, C; Di Iorio, V; Di Mauro, F; Ferrara, M; Ibrahim, T; Lolli, I; Mezzenga, E; Nicolini, S; Paganelli, G; Sansovini, M; Scarpi, E; Severi, S; Tardelli, E; Zovato, S, 2021)	0.62
"PRRT is safe and effective for the treatment of patients with progressive mPPGL, especially at higher dosages."	( Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in patients with metastatic progressive pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: long-term toxicity, efficacy and prognostic biomarker data of phase II clinical trials. Bongiovanni, A; Cittanti, C; Di Iorio, V; Di Mauro, F; Ferrara, M; Ibrahim, T; Lolli, I; Mezzenga, E; Nicolini, S; Paganelli, G; Sansovini, M; Scarpi, E; Severi, S; Tardelli, E; Zovato, S, 2021)	0.62
"The components of the immuno-radiotherapy combination were well tolerated either alone or in combination, resulting in only transient low grade (1 or 2) adverse events with no dose-limiting events observed."	( Safety and feasibility of an in situ vaccination and immunomodulatory targeted radionuclide combination immuno-radiotherapy approach in a comparative (companion dog) setting. Albertini, MR; Aluicio-Sarduy, E; Bednarz, B; Engle, JW; Esbona, K; Grudzinski, J; Hernandez, R; Jaskowiak, C; Kurzman, ID; Magee, K; Marsh, IR; Morris, ZS; Oseid, EA; Sondel, PM; Turek, MM; Vail, DM; Weichert, JP; Zuleger, CL, 2021)	0.62
" Treatment-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events were observed in 8 (38%) patients with thrombocytopenia (n = 6) and anemia (n = 6) being most prevalent."	( Safety and Efficacy of 90Y-FAPI-46 Radioligand Therapy in Patients with Advanced Sarcoma and Other Cancer Entities. Ahrens, M; Bauer, S; Fendler, WP; Ferdinandus, J; Fragoso Costa, P; Hamacher, R; Herrmann, K; Kessler, L; Kostbade, K; Lippert, M; Lueckerath, K; Mavroeidi, IA; Pabst, KM; Rischpler, C; Schuler, M; Siveke, JT; Umutlu, L; Weber, M, 2022)	0.72
"90Y-FAPI-46-RLT was safe and led to RECIST PR in one case as well as stable disease in about one third of patients with initially progressive sarcomas, pancreatic cancer, and other cancers."	( Safety and Efficacy of 90Y-FAPI-46 Radioligand Therapy in Patients with Advanced Sarcoma and Other Cancer Entities. Ahrens, M; Bauer, S; Fendler, WP; Ferdinandus, J; Fragoso Costa, P; Hamacher, R; Herrmann, K; Kessler, L; Kostbade, K; Lippert, M; Lueckerath, K; Mavroeidi, IA; Pabst, KM; Rischpler, C; Schuler, M; Siveke, JT; Umutlu, L; Weber, M, 2022)	0.72
"To evaluate the relationship between non-tumor liver (NTL) dose and adverse events (AE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with glass-based Yttrium-90 radioembolization (Y90-RE)."	( Correlation of Non-tumoral Liver Dose with Treatment-Related Adverse Events in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Glass-Based Yttrium-90 Radioembolization. Baum, Y; Bercu, ZL; Brandon, D; Cheng, B; Cristescu, MM; Kokabi, N; Loya, MF; Majdalany, BS; Schuster, D; Villalobos, A; Webster, LA; Xing, M, 2023)	0.91
" Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5 was assessed at months 3 and 6 post-treatment."	( Correlation of Non-tumoral Liver Dose with Treatment-Related Adverse Events in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Glass-Based Yttrium-90 Radioembolization. Baum, Y; Bercu, ZL; Brandon, D; Cheng, B; Cristescu, MM; Kokabi, N; Loya, MF; Majdalany, BS; Schuster, D; Villalobos, A; Webster, LA; Xing, M, 2023)	0.91
"To evaluate the efficacy of prospective voxel-based dosimetry for predicting treatment response and adverse events (AEs) in patients with HCC undergoing resin-based Y90 radioembolization."	( Voxel-based dosimetry predicting treatment response and related toxicity in HCC patients treated with resin-based Y90 radioembolization: a prospective, single-arm study. Arndt-Webster, L; Bercu, Z; Brandon, D; Chen, B; Cristescu, M; Davarpanahfakhr, A; Elsayed, M; Galt, J; Kappadath, SC; Kokabi, N; Schuster, DM; Sethi, I, 2023)	0.91
" Bone metastasis was an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS."	( Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in Patients With Advanced Progressive Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Efficacy, Safety, and Survival Predictors. Baum, RP; Chen, X; Kulkarni, HR; Liu, Q; Schuchardt, C; Zhang, J; Zhao, T; Zhu, Z, 2023)	0.91
"Using data collected in the prospective observational study CIRSE Registry for SIR-Spheres Therapy, the present study aimed at identifying predictors of adverse events (AEs) following transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with Yttrium-90 resin microspheres for liver tumours."	( Predictive Factors for Adverse Event Outcomes After Transarterial Radioembolization with Yttrium-90 Resin Microspheres in Europe: Results from the Prospective Observational CIRT Study. Albrecht, T; Arnold, D; Bargellini, I; Bilbao, JI; Cianni, R; de Jong, N; Helmberger, T; Kolligs, F; Maleux, G; Munneke, G; Pereira, H; Peynircioglu, B; Sangro, B; Schaefer, N; Zeka, B, 2023)	0.91
"Our study confirms that TARE is a safe treatment with low toxicity and a minimal impact on quality of life."	( Predictive Factors for Adverse Event Outcomes After Transarterial Radioembolization with Yttrium-90 Resin Microspheres in Europe: Results from the Prospective Observational CIRT Study. Albrecht, T; Arnold, D; Bargellini, I; Bilbao, JI; Cianni, R; de Jong, N; Helmberger, T; Kolligs, F; Maleux, G; Munneke, G; Pereira, H; Peynircioglu, B; Sangro, B; Schaefer, N; Zeka, B, 2023)	0.91
" Technical issues, adverse events, and tumor response were analyzed."	( Safety of Radioembolization via the Cystic Artery in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Parasitized Arterial Supply. Choi, JW; Choi, R; Kim, HC; Lee, M, 2023)	0.91
"Radioembolization via the cystic artery may be safe in patients with HCC partially supplied by the cystic artery."	( Safety of Radioembolization via the Cystic Artery in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Parasitized Arterial Supply. Choi, JW; Choi, R; Kim, HC; Lee, M, 2023)	0.91
" Six-month toxicities were reported using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5."	( Effect of Previous Transarterial Chemoembolization on Survival and Toxicity after Yttrium-90 Transarterial Radioembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Radiation-Emitting SIR-Spheres in Nonresectable Liver Tumor Registry. Brown, DB; Collins, ZS; Du, L; Gandhi, RT; Golzarian, J; Hund, HC; Kennedy, AS; Matsuoka, L; Sze, DY, 2023)	0.91
" Clinical characteristics, treatment response, adverse events, and survival outcomes were assessed."	( Safety and efficacy of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in patients with advanced pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: A single-institution experience and review of the literature. Chua, WM; Huang, HL; Lam, WW; Loh, LM; Loke, KSH; Ng, DC; Ong, SYK; Tai, D; Tang, CYL; Tham, WY; Yan, SX, 2023)	0.91
"This study suggests that PRRT is a safe and effective therapeutic option for patients with PPGL."	( Safety and efficacy of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in patients with advanced pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: A single-institution experience and review of the literature. Chua, WM; Huang, HL; Lam, WW; Loh, LM; Loke, KSH; Ng, DC; Ong, SYK; Tai, D; Tang, CYL; Tham, WY; Yan, SX, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The objective of this article was to model pharmacokinetic data from clinical diagnostic studies involving the 111In-labeled monoclonal antibody (MAb) chimeric T84."	( Pharmacokinetic modeling and absorbed dose estimation for chimeric anti-CEA antibody in humans. Chai, A; Chou, J; Clarke, KG; Liu, A; Lopatin, G; Odom-Maryon, TL; Raubitschek, AA; Williams, LE; Wong, YC, 1997)	0.3
" This report presents the results of pharmacokinetic and dosimetric studies performed in 24 patients with different tumours."	( Three-step radioimmunotherapy with yttrium-90 biotin: dosimetry and pharmacokinetics in cancer patients. Chinol, M; Cremonesi, M; Ferrari, M; Grana, C; Paganelli, G; Prisco, G; Robertson, C; Stabin, MG; Tosi, G, 1999)	0.3
" Although 90Y has attractive properties for therapy, its secondary bremsstrahlung is less suitable for imaging and pharmacokinetic studies in patients."	( Radiation dosimetry for 90Y-2IT-BAD-Lym-1 extrapolated from pharmacokinetics using 111In-2IT-BAD-Lym-1 in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. DeNardo, GL; DeNardo, SJ; Kroger, LA; Kukis, DL; Meares, CF; O'Donnell, RT; Shen, S; Yuan, A, 2000)	0.31
" Using 111In pharmacokinetic data and 90Y physical constants, radiation dosimetry for 90Y-21T-BAD-Lym-1 was determined."	( Radiation dosimetry for 90Y-2IT-BAD-Lym-1 extrapolated from pharmacokinetics using 111In-2IT-BAD-Lym-1 in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. DeNardo, GL; DeNardo, SJ; Kroger, LA; Kukis, DL; Meares, CF; O'Donnell, RT; Shen, S; Yuan, A, 2000)	0.31
" The individualized method for prescribing radionuclide dose takes variations in drug pharmacokinetics into consideration, whereas the fixed method depends, in part, on documentation that there is little interpatient pharmacokinetic variability for the radiolabeled drug."	( Impact of interpatient pharmacokinetic variability on design considerations for therapy with radiolabeled MAbs. DeNardo, G; DeNardo, S; Goldstein, D; Hartmann Siantar, C; O'Donnell, R; Richman, C; Shen, S; Yuan, A, 2003)	0.32
" Based on biexponential decay, the terminal half-life was 44 +/- 15 h for both tracers."	( Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of 111In- and 177Lu-labeled J591 antibody specific for prostate-specific membrane antigen: prediction of 90Y-J591 radiation dosimetry based on 111In or 177Lu? Bander, NH; Goldsmith, SJ; Hamacher, KA; Konishi, S; Kostakoglu, L; Kothari, PA; Kuji, I; Milowski, MI; Nanus, DM; Vallabhajosula, S, 2005)	0.33
"To improve radioimmunotherapy with anti-CD66 antibody, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed that was capable of describing the biodistribution and extrapolating between different doses of anti-CD66 antibody."	( Radioimmunotherapy with anti-CD66 antibody: improving the biodistribution using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Bunjes, D; Glatting, G; Kletting, P; Kull, T; Luster, M; Mahren, B; Reske, SN, 2010)	0.36
" A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to allow the prediction of therapeutic time-integrated activity coefficients in eight patients."	( Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Is Essential in 90Y-Labeled Anti-CD66 Radioimmunotherapy. Beer, AJ; Glatting, G; Kletting, P; Maaß, C; Reske, S, 2015)	0.42
" A drug with a short half-life in the blood is less available at a target organ."	( Novel "Add-On" Molecule Based on Evans Blue Confers Superior Pharmacokinetics and Transforms Drugs to Theranostic Agents. Chen, H; Chen, X; Jacobson, O; Kiesewetter, DO; Liu, Y; Ma, Y; Niu, G; Weiss, ID; Wu, H, 2017)	0.46

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These results indicate that high activities of (90)Y-DOTATOC can be administered with low risk of myelotoxicity, although with potentially high radiation doses to the spleen and kidneys."	( Biokinetics and dosimetry in patients administered with (111)In-DOTA-Tyr(3)-octreotide: implications for internal radiotherapy with (90)Y-DOTATOC. Chinol, M; Cremonesi, M; Ferrari, M; Fiorenza, M; Jermann, E; Maecke, HR; Orsi, F; Paganelli, G; Robertson, C; Stabin, MG; Tosi, G; Zoboli, S, 1999)	0.3
"We conducted a phase 1/2 trial of high-dose 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan in combination with high-dose etoposide (VP-16) 40 to 60 mg/kg (day -4) and cyclophosphamide 100 mg/kg (day -2) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in 31 patients with CD20+ non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)."	( A phase 1/2 trial of high-dose yttrium-90-ibritumomab tiuxetan in combination with high-dose etoposide and cyclophosphamide followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with poor-risk or relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Anderson, AL; Dagis, A; Falk, P; Forman, S; Fung, H; Kirschbaum, M; Kogut, N; Krishnan, A; Kwok, C; Molina, A; Nademanee, A; Nakamura, R; O'donnell, M; Parker, P; Popplewell, L; Pullarkat, V; Raubitschek, A; Rodriguez, R; Sahebi, F; Smith, D; Smith, E; Snyder, D; Spielberger, R; Stein, A; White, C; Yamauchi, D; Zain, J, 2005)	0.33
" In these phase I studies, paclitaxel was combined with radioimmunotherapy in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer or advanced breast cancer."	( High-dose radioimmunotherapy combined with fixed, low-dose paclitaxel in metastatic prostate and breast cancer by using a MUC-1 monoclonal antibody, m170, linked to indium-111/yttrium-90 via a cathepsin cleavable linker with cyclosporine to prevent human Chew, HK; DeNardo, GL; Denardo, SJ; Goldstein, DS; Kukis, DL; Lamborn, KR; Lara, PN; Meares, CF; Natarajan, A; O'Donnell, RT; Richman, CM; Shen, S; Tuscano, JM; Wun, T; Yuan, A, 2005)	0.33
"111In/90Y-m170 targets prostate and breast cancer and can be combined with paclitaxel with toxicity limited to marrow suppression at the dose levels above."	( High-dose radioimmunotherapy combined with fixed, low-dose paclitaxel in metastatic prostate and breast cancer by using a MUC-1 monoclonal antibody, m170, linked to indium-111/yttrium-90 via a cathepsin cleavable linker with cyclosporine to prevent human Chew, HK; DeNardo, GL; Denardo, SJ; Goldstein, DS; Kukis, DL; Lamborn, KR; Lara, PN; Meares, CF; Natarajan, A; O'Donnell, RT; Richman, CM; Shen, S; Tuscano, JM; Wun, T; Yuan, A, 2005)	0.33
"Nude mice bearing established subcutaneous Ramos human Burkitt lymphoma were treated with antibodies alone or in combination with pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PT-RAIT) or radioimmunotherapy, and tumor growth was monitored."	( Pretargeted versus directly targeted radioimmunotherapy combined with anti-CD20 antibody consolidation therapy of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Chang, CH; Goldenberg, DM; Johnson, CR; Karacay, H; Litwin, S; McBride, WJ; Rossi, EA; Sharkey, RM, 2009)	0.35
"We did preclinical studies examining motexafin gadolinium combined with rituximab and/or radiation in lymphoma cells."	( The novel expanded porphyrin, motexafin gadolinium, combined with [90Y]ibritumomab tiuxetan for relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: preclinical findings and results of a phase I trial. Chen, J; Evens, AM; Gordon, LI; Hamilton, E; Helenowski, IB; Jovanovic, BD; Miller, RA; Miyata, S; Naumovski, L; Patton, D; Rosen, ST; Spies, S; Spies, WG; Variakojis, D; Winter, JN, 2009)	0.35
" Motexafin gadolinium/rituximab combined with radiation (1-3 Gy) resulted in additive apoptosis."	( The novel expanded porphyrin, motexafin gadolinium, combined with [90Y]ibritumomab tiuxetan for relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: preclinical findings and results of a phase I trial. Chen, J; Evens, AM; Gordon, LI; Hamilton, E; Helenowski, IB; Jovanovic, BD; Miller, RA; Miyata, S; Naumovski, L; Patton, D; Rosen, ST; Spies, S; Spies, WG; Variakojis, D; Winter, JN, 2009)	0.35
"25 MBq of PT-RAIT combined with a monthly cycle of gemcitabine (3 weekly, 6-mg doses) significantly enhanced survival, compared with PT-RAIT alone."	( Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy of pancreatic cancer xenografts: TF10-90Y-IMP-288 alone and combined with gemcitabine. Chang, CH; Gold, DV; Goldenberg, DM; Karacay, H; McBride, WJ; Ragland, DR; Rossi, EA; Sharkey, RM, 2009)	0.35
"Anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab (C225) is used in combination with radiotherapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients."	( Cellular and molecular properties of (90)Y-labeled cetuximab in combination with radiotherapy on human tumor cells in vitro. Baumann, M; Heldt, JM; Mosch, B; Pietzsch, HJ; Rodemann, HP; Saki, M; Sihver, W; Steinbach, J; Toulany, M; Zenker, M, 2012)	0.38
" In combination with EBI, CHX-A″-DTPA-cetuximab increased the radiosensitivity of UT5 to a similar degree as control cetuximab did."	( Cellular and molecular properties of (90)Y-labeled cetuximab in combination with radiotherapy on human tumor cells in vitro. Baumann, M; Heldt, JM; Mosch, B; Pietzsch, HJ; Rodemann, HP; Saki, M; Sihver, W; Steinbach, J; Toulany, M; Zenker, M, 2012)	0.38
" (90)Y-labeling of cetuximab in combination with EBI may improve radiotherapy outcome."	( Cellular and molecular properties of (90)Y-labeled cetuximab in combination with radiotherapy on human tumor cells in vitro. Baumann, M; Heldt, JM; Mosch, B; Pietzsch, HJ; Rodemann, HP; Saki, M; Sihver, W; Steinbach, J; Toulany, M; Zenker, M, 2012)	0.38
" It is a radionuclide approach with (90)Y-biotin combined with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) to release a boost of radiation in the tumour bed."	( 3D dosimetry in patients with early breast cancer undergoing Intraoperative Avidination for Radionuclide Therapy (IART) combined with external beam radiation therapy. Botta, F; Calabrese, M; Cremonesi, M; De Cicco, C; Di Dia, A; Ferrari, ME; Orecchia, R; Paganelli, G; Pedicini, P; Pedroli, G; Sarnelli, A, 2012)	0.38
" This phase I trial was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of weekly bortezomib induction combined with Y-90-ibritumomab tiuxetan followed at the time of count recovery by weekly bortezomib consolidation in patients with relapsed/refractory follicular or transformed non-Hodgkin lymphoma."	( Bortezomib may be safely combined with Y-90-ibritumomab tiuxetan in patients with relapsed/refractory follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a phase I trial of combined induction therapy and bortezomib consolidation. Cilley, J; Evens, AM; Gallot, L; Gordon, LI; Larson, A; Patton, D; Rademaker, A; Roy, R; Spies, S; Variakojis, D; Winter, JN, 2013)	0.39
" Our aim was to analyze the effect of the surgical synovectomy combined with yttrium 90 ((90)Y) in the treatment for recurrent joint synovitis."	( Surgical synovectomy combined with yttrium 90 in patients with recurrent joint synovitis. Bulut, O; Gölge, UH; Günaydın, I; Korkmaz, M; Oztemür, Z; Oztürk, H; Tezeren, G, 2013)	0.39
"This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the radiation synovectomy (RS) procedure combined with the surgical synovectomy in the treatment of chronic nonspecific synovitis, which are resistant to medical treatment."	( [Radiation synovectomy therapy combined with surgical synovectomy in chronic nonspecific synovitis of the knee joint]. Bulut, O; Korkmaz, M; Oztemür, Z; Oztürk, H; Tezeren, G, 2013)	0.39
"Our study results showed that RS procedure combined with the surgical synovectomy is an effective and safe treatment method for the treatment of cases of chronic nonspecific synovitis which recurs despite medical treatment."	( [Radiation synovectomy therapy combined with surgical synovectomy in chronic nonspecific synovitis of the knee joint]. Bulut, O; Korkmaz, M; Oztemür, Z; Oztürk, H; Tezeren, G, 2013)	0.39
" Cells were treated with DTPA, DTPA-Cetuximab, (90)Y and (90)Y-Cetuximab alone or in combination with external X-ray irradiation."	( Cytotoxic properties of radionuclide-conjugated Cetuximab without and in combination with external irradiation in head and neck cancer cells in vitro. Baumann, M; Cordes, N; Eke, I; Förster, C; Freudenberg, R; Heldt, JM; Ingargiola, M; Kotzerke, J; Kunz-Schughart, LA; Pietzsch, HJ; Runge, R; Steinbach, J, 2014)	0.4
"Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-overexpressing tumors with radiolabeled anti-EGFR antibodies is a promising strategy for combination with external radiotherapy."	( Potential of a Cetuximab-based radioimmunotherapy combined with external irradiation manifests in a 3-D cell assay. Baumann, M; Brockhoff, G; Cordes, N; Freudenberg, R; Heldt, JM; Ingargiola, M; Kotzerke, J; Kunz-Schughart, LA; Runge, R; Steinbach, J, 2014)	0.4
"This was a prospective single-centre, phase I study to document the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), and the recommended phase II dose for future study of capecitabine in combination with radioembolization."	( Phase I study of capecitabine combined with radioembolization using yttrium-90 resin microspheres (SIR-Spheres) in patients with advanced cancer. Astsaturov, I; Ball, DS; Cade, DN; Cohen, SJ; Dickens, A; Konski, AA; Marlow, C; Meropol, NJ; Meyer, JE; Putnam, S; Yu, JQ, 2014)	0.4
"The study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of radiosensitizing chemotherapy in combination with yttrium-90 microspheres in patients with uveal melanoma with liver-only metastases."	( A pilot study of intrahepatic yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolization in combination with intravenous cisplatin for uveal melanoma liver-only metastases. Andrews, MC; Arulananda, S; Cebon, J; Goodwin, M; Palmer, J; Parakh, S, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" EGFR expression and microenvironmental parameters were evaluated in untreated tumors, bioavailability was visualized by PET using ([(86)Y]Y-(CHX-A''-DTPA)₄-cetuximab (Y-86-cetuximab) and biodistribution using Y-90-cetuximab."	( Radiolabeled anti-EGFR-antibody improves local tumor control after external beam radiotherapy and offers theragnostic potential. Baumann, M; Bergmann, R; Brüchner, K; Koi, L; Krause, M; Pietzsch, HJ; Pietzsch, J; Steinbach, J; Zips, D, 2014)	0.4
" PET imaging of bioavailability of labeled cetuximab appears to be a suitable predictor for response to EBRIT."	( Radiolabeled anti-EGFR-antibody improves local tumor control after external beam radiotherapy and offers theragnostic potential. Baumann, M; Bergmann, R; Brüchner, K; Koi, L; Krause, M; Pietzsch, HJ; Pietzsch, J; Steinbach, J; Zips, D, 2014)	0.4

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Experiments have been carried out on Chlorella, beans, wheat and developing loach eggs to study the dose-response relationship (dose-function of dose rate) with 90Sr, 90Y and 147Pm as the sources of beta-radiation."	( [Genetic effects of induced in populations by the radioactive nuclear fission products of 235U. II. Prognostication of the genetic effectiveness of irradiation at low dose rates]. Abramov, VI; Pechkurenkov, VL; Shevchenko, VA; Suvorova, LI; Zuev, ND, 1978)	0.26
" It was treated with a single dosage of 2 mCi Yttrium-90."	( [Morphology of yttrium-90 treated experimental arthritis]. Ghergulescu, N; Hertel, E; Witting, C, )	0.13
" As the dosage of 90Y-CO17-1A increased, the rate of tumor growth decreased, but all experimental animals in this group died between 14 and 21 days."	( Radioimmunotherapy of human colorectal carcinoma xenografts using 90Y-labeled monoclonal antibody CO17-1A prepared by two bifunctional chelate techniques. Byrd, BL; Crook, JE; Holloway, EC; Lee, YC; Steplewski, Z; Sun, TT; Washburn, LC, 1990)	0.28
" In patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease who have failed conventional therapy, 131I antiferritin produced partial remissions, while 90Y antiferritin led to complete remissions and a demonstrable dose-response relationship."	( The theoretical implications and experimental and clinical results of radiolabeled antiferritin. Order, SE, 1990)	0.28
" In contrast, graft survival in animals that received the designed dosage of 90Y-anti-Tac was significantly prolonged to an average of 38."	( Use of yttrium-90-labeled anti-Tac antibody in primate xenograft transplantation. Brechbiel, MW; Clark, RE; Cooper, MM; Gansow, OA; Goldman, CK; Mirzadeh, S; Robbins, RC; Stone, CD; Waldmann, TA, 1990)	0.28
" Mean insulin dosage prior to implant was 67."	( Long-term follow-up of patients who underwent yttrium-90 pituitary implantation for treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Brazier, OJ; Fallon, TJ; Joplin, GF; Kohner, EM; Sandler, L; Sharp, PS, 1987)	0.27
" The therapeutic effects with different dosing regimens have important implications for treatment planning."	( Prolongation of survival of nude mice bearing human colon cancer. Treatment with yttrium 90-labeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody. Beatty, BG; Beatty, JD; Esteban, JM; Hyams, DM; Wanek, PM, 1989)	0.28
" The dosage of these substances also depends on the size of the joint."	( [Synoviorthese]. Gallacchi, G; Müller, W, 1982)	0.26
" The objective of this study was to determine whether the use of a beta-emitting radioisotope for this application would have similar effects and to examine the dose-response relations with this approach."	( Intracoronary low-dose beta-irradiation inhibits neointima formation after coronary artery balloon injury in the swine restenosis model. Cipolla, GD; Crocker, IR; Gravanis, MB; Hillstead, RA; King, SB; Robinson, KA; Waksman, R; Wang, C, 1995)	0.29
" A dose-response relation was demonstrated, but no further inhibitory effect was seen beyond 28 Gy."	( Intracoronary low-dose beta-irradiation inhibits neointima formation after coronary artery balloon injury in the swine restenosis model. Cipolla, GD; Crocker, IR; Gravanis, MB; Hillstead, RA; King, SB; Robinson, KA; Waksman, R; Wang, C, 1995)	0.29
" A dosage in millicuries per kilogram provides a higher positive correlation with blood radioactivity levels 1 hour after administration than a dosage in millicuries per square meter of body-surface area or in total millicuries."	( Survival of patients with resistant Hodgkin's disease after polyclonal yttrium 90-labeled antiferritin treatment. Herpst, JM; Klein, JL; Leichner, PK; Quadri, SM; Vriesendorp, HM, 1995)	0.29
" The higher radiation dosage delivered by injected 90Y to the periphery of the lesions (up to 28,215-75,720 cGy) was thought to account for the successful outcome."	( Ultrasound-guided internal radiotherapy using yttrium-90-glass microspheres for liver malignancies. Dong, BW; Liang, P; Tian, JH; Wang, XD; Xu, BX; Zhang, JM, 1996)	0.29
" Its principle is a transphenoidal approach with only a small bony opening of the sella floor, followed by cyst puncture, exclusion of cyst leakage by Metrizamid injection under x-ray control, injection of Y-90-colloid solution at a dosage which delivers a radiation of 200 Gy to the cyst wall, and finally tight closure of the puncture site using fibrin glue and gelfoam."	( Intracavitary treatment of intrasellar cystic craniopharyngeomas with 90-Yttrium by trans-sphenoidal approach--a technical note. Kirsch, CM; Lange, M; Oeckler, R; Steude, U, 1995)	0.29
"The goal of our studies was to determine whether administration of IL-1/GM-CSF to mice could reduce radio-antibody-induced myelosuppression and allow either dose escalation of radio-antibody using 131I, 90Y or 188Re conjugated to either intact antibody or bivalent fragments or more frequent dosing with 131I-IgG."	( Application of cytokine intervention for improved radio-antibody dose delivery. Behr, T; Blumenthal, RD; Goldenberg, DM; Haywood, L; Sharkey, RM, 1997)	0.3
"An approach for estimating organ residence times (tau) and their errors in patient internal emitter radiation dosage calculations has been determined."	( Estimating residence times and their associated errors in patient absorbed-dose calculation. Clarke, KG; Kaplan, DD; Liu, A; Lopatin, G; Odom-Maryon, TL; Raubitschek, AA; Williams, LE; Wong, JY, 1997)	0.3
"1 GBq per cycle in escalating dosage (0."	( Receptor-mediated radionuclide therapy with 90Y-DOTA-D-Phe1-Tyr3-Octreotide: preliminary report in cancer patients. Chinol, M; Cremonesi, M; Mäcke, HR; Paganelli, G; Zoboli, S, 1999)	0.3
" (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan is dosed on the basis of the patient's body weight and baseline platelet count; dosimetry is not required for determining the therapeutic dose in patients meeting eligibility criteria similar to those used in clinical trials, such as <25% lymphomatous involvement of the bone marrow."	( Administration guidelines for radioimmunotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with (90)Y-labeled anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. Conti, PS; Fink-Bennett, DM; Lamonica, DM; Marcus, CS; Nabi, HA; Nagle, CE; Wagner, HN; Wiseman, GA, 2002)	0.31
" Five GBq per cycle is the recommended dosage of (90)Y-DOTATOC when amino acids are given to protect the kidneys."	( Receptor-mediated radionuclide therapy with 90Y-DOTATOC in association with amino acid infusion: a phase I study. Bartolomei, M; Bodei, L; Caracciolo, M; Chinol, M; Cremonesi, M; Grana, C; Mäcke, HR; Paganelli, G; Rocca, P; Zoboli, S, 2003)	0.32
"Relapsed or refractory NHL in patients with adequate bone marrow reserve and <25% bone marrow involvement by NHL can be treated safely with (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan RIT on the basis of a fixed, weight-adjusted dosing schedule."	( Radiation dosimetry results and safety correlations from 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan radioimmunotherapy for relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: combined data from 4 clinical trials. Erwin, WD; Kornmehl, E; Leigh, B; Podoloff, DA; Sparks, RB; Spies, S; Stabin, MG; White, CA; Wiseman, GA; Witzig, T, 2003)	0.32
" J591 is the first IgG mAb developed to target the extracellular domain of PSMA, and it has been deimmunized (humanized) to allow repeated dosing in patients."	( Targeted systemic therapy of prostate cancer with a monoclonal antibody to prostate-specific membrane antigen. Bander, NH; Goldsmith, SJ; Kostakoglu, L; Milowsky, MI; Nanus, DM; Vallabahajosula, S, 2003)	0.32
" This is a local phenomenon, which is independent of dosage and which has a specific pathophysiology (combination of injury and low-dose radiation)."	( Geographical miss during centered intracoronary beta-radiation with 90Yttrium: incidence and implications for recurrence rates after vascular brachytherapy for de novo lesions. de Feyter, PJ; Serruys, PW; Sianos, G; Wijns, W, 2003)	0.32
" The ibritumomab tiuxetan regimen is administered on an outpatient basis over approximately 1 week and with the simplicity of weight-based dosing (ie, calculation of whole body clearance is unnecessary)."	( Practical considerations and radiation safety in radioimmunotherapy with yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin). Gordon, LI, 2003)	0.32
" A dosing schedule based on patient weight and baseline platelet counts has therefore been developed, and dosimetry is not routinely required."	( The role of nuclear medicine in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Bischof Delaloye, A, 2003)	0.32
" Three-dimensional microsphere coordinates within the biopsy specimen were used to calculate dosage using a three-dimensional dose kernel."	( Pathologic response and microdosimetry of (90)Y microspheres in man: review of four explanted whole livers. Coldwell, D; Drachenberg, C; Gaiser, J; Kennedy, AS; Nutting, C, 2004)	0.32
" Further investigations of dosing regimens using EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and radioimmunotherapy in the treatment of EGFR expressing tumors are warranted."	( Enhanced efficacy of radioimmunotherapy with 90Y-CHX-A''-DTPA-hu3S193 by inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478. Brechbiel, MW; Burgess, AW; Hall, C; Johns, TG; Kelly, MP; Lee, FT; Mountain, AJ; Nice, EC; Rigopoulos, A; Scott, AM; Smyth, FE, 2005)	0.33
" Initiation of recovery (at 14-21 days) showed a dose-response relationship."	( Determining maximal tolerable dose of the monoclonal antibody BR96 labeled with 90Y or 177Lu in rats: establishment of a syngeneic tumor model to evaluate means to improve radioimmunotherapy. Mårtensson, L; Nilsson, R; Ohlsson, T; Senter, P; Sjögren, HO; Strand, SE; Tennvall, J; Wang, Z, 2005)	0.33
" The dosing of 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan is based on patient weight and platelet count, after normal biodistribution with indium-111 ibritumomab tiuxetan has been confirmed."	( The role of radioimmunotherapy with yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cheson, BD, 2005)	0.33
" However, radiation of the RCA did not result in dosing to the LAD or LCX using any source."	( Dose mapping of porcine coronary arteries using an optical fiber dosimeter. Chan, R; Dilcher, C; Falkenstein, P; Huston, AL; Justus, BL; Waksman, R, )	0.13
" The results of these trials have important implications for clinical practice, and it is hoped that they will further clarify the optimal timing and dosing of these agents."	( Ongoing investigations and new uses of radioimmunotherapy in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Meredith, RF, 2006)	0.33
" Two weeks later, a second visceral angiogram was performed to deliver the calculated dosage of microspheres into the arterial system supplying the tumour."	( Clinical and imaging experience with yttrium-90 microspheres in the management of unresectable liver tumours. Al-Nahhas, A; Bansi, D; Canelo, R; Habib, NA; Jiao, LR; Limongelli, P; Lowdell, C; Philips, R; Rubello, D; Stamp, G; Szyszko, T; Tait, P; Thillainayagam, A; Wasan, H; Woo, K, 2007)	0.34
"20 mCi/kg) to determine appropriate dosing in patients who had previously received high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT)."	( Phase I trial of (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan in patients with relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma following high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Armitage, JO; Bierman, PJ; Bociek, RG; Loberiza, FR; Matso, D; Vose, JM, 2007)	0.34
" Diluted serum samples showed good parallelism with the HAMA-IgM and HAMA-IgG standard dose-response curves."	( Development of ELISAs for quantification of HMFG1-specific human anti-mouse IgG and IgM antibodies. Boerman, OC; Courtenay-Luck, N; Geurts-Moespot, A; Massuger, LF; Oei, AL; Sweep, FC; Thomas, CM; van Eerd, JE; van Tienoven, D, )	0.13
"Selective internal radiation therapy involves the intra-arterial delivery of radioactive beads to the tumor while minimizing dosing to the adjacent organ."	( Regional infusion-radioembolization. Dubel, GJ; Soares, GM, 2008)	0.35
" The clinical use of high-yield beta emitters presents unique calibration, dosage measurement, and exposure monitoring tasks."	( Optimizing safety of selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) of hepatic tumors with 90Y resin microspheres: a systematic approach to preparation and radiometric procedures. Gallagher, PW; Gerbaudo, VH; Schleipman, AR, 2009)	0.35
" Planning methods have included empiric dosing according to degree of tumor involvement, empiric dosing adjusted for the body surface area, and partition model calculations using Medical Internal Radiation Dose principles."	( Patient selection and activity planning guide for selective internal radiotherapy with yttrium-90 resin microspheres. Kennedy, AS; Kim, YH; Lai, HK; Lau, WY; Lee, RC; Leung, TW; Liu, CS; Salem, R; Sangro, B; Shuter, B; Wang, SC, 2012)	0.38
" For the 7 patients predicted with grade I thrombocytopenia, 6 of whom had actual grade I-II, dosing might be increased to improve treatment efficacy."	( Predicting hematologic toxicity in patients undergoing radioimmunotherapy with 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan or 131I-tositumomab. Baechler, S; Bochud, FO; Hobbs, RF; Jacene, HA; Sgouros, G; Wahl, RL, 2010)	0.36
"The elapsed time since the last chemotherapy can be used to predict hematologic toxicity and customize the current dosing method in radioimmunotherapy."	( Predicting hematologic toxicity in patients undergoing radioimmunotherapy with 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan or 131I-tositumomab. Baechler, S; Bochud, FO; Hobbs, RF; Jacene, HA; Sgouros, G; Wahl, RL, 2010)	0.36
" Cumulative radiation dosage of 8 Gy completely inhibited colony formation."	( A dual-inhibition study on vascular smooth muscle cells with meclofenamic acid and β-irradiation for the prevention of restenosis. Bantleon, R; Bayer, M; Claussen, CD; Dittmann, H; Kehlbach, R; Landers, A; Pritzkow, M; Sauter, A; Schmehl, J; Wiesinger, B, 2011)	0.37
" No appreciable dose-response effect was noted within the 25-100 Gy range tested."	( Histopathological effects and evolution of transvenous β-radiation applications in right and left atria: an animal study. Bonan, R; Dubuc, M; Franceschi, F; Guerra, PG; Khairy, P; Koutbi, L; Macle, L; Roy, D; Talajic, M; Thibault, B; Virmani, R, 2012)	0.38
" Fractionated dosing of cycle 1 allowed almost twice the radiation dose compared with single-dose radioimmunotherapy."	( Fractionated radioimmunotherapy with (90) Y-clivatuzumab tetraxetan and low-dose gemcitabine is active in advanced pancreatic cancer: A phase 1 trial. Bekaii-Saab, T; Gold, DV; Goldenberg, DM; Goldsmith, SJ; Guarino, MJ; Gulec, SA; Hall, N; Holt, M; Horne, H; Kauh, J; Lee, D; Manzone, T; Montero, AJ; O'Neil, BH; Ocean, AJ; Pennington, KL; Serafini, AN; Sheikh, A; Sung, MW; Wegener, WA, 2012)	0.38
" Tumor volumes >300 mL were predictive for hepatic recurrence, suggesting that increased dosing or retreatment of these lesions may lead to improved hepatic control of disease and better patient outcomes."	( Patterns of failure in colorectal patients with liver metastases after yttrium-90 radioembolization. Gensure, RH; Haffty, BG; Jabbour, SK; Narra, V; Nosher, JL; Patel, B; Schonewolf, CA, 2014)	0.4
" Multivariable Cox regression and competing risk regression were used to compare efficacy and toxicities of the different dosage protocols."	( Somatostatin-based radiotherapy with [90Y-DOTA]-TOC in neuroendocrine tumors: long-term outcome of a phase I dose escalation study. Briel, M; Brunner, P; Jörg, AC; Koller, MT; Maecke, HR; Marincek, N; Müller-Brand, J; Rochlitz, C; Schindler, C; Walter, MA, 2013)	0.39
" The significant dose-response relationship points to the clinical utility of patient-specific absorbed dose calculations for radionuclide therapy."	( Quantitative dosimetry for yttrium-90 radionuclide therapy: tumor dose predicts fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography response in hepatic metastatic melanoma. Barron, B; Eaton, BR; Fox, T; Galt, JR; Kim, HS; Kim, S; Landry, J; Liu, Y; Schreibmann, E; Schuster, DM, 2014)	0.4
" This treatment consisted of (i) an initial (90)Y infusion with a dosage determined using an empiric treatment planning model, (ii) quantitative (90)Y PET/CT imaging, and (iii) a secondary infusion with treatment planning based on quantitative imaging data with the goal of delivering a specific total tumor absorbed dose."	( Intraprocedural yttrium-90 positron emission tomography/CT for treatment optimization of yttrium-90 radioembolization. Acuff, SN; Bourgeois, AC; Bradley, YC; Chang, TT; Pasciak, AS, 2014)	0.4
" Patients underwent resin microsphere radioembolization dosed according to the BSA method."	( Risk of liver abscess formation in patients with prior biliary intervention following yttrium-90 radioembolization. Cholapranee, A; Dagli, M; Deitrick, G; Mondschein, JI; Soulen, MC; Sudheendra, D; van Houten, D, 2015)	0.42
" Moreover, a precise radiation dosing is crucial to achieve a good clinical success and to avoid complications such as radioembolization-induced liver disease."	( How to Prepare a Patient for Transarterial Radioembolization? A Practical Guide. Adib, S; Bize, P; Boubaker, A; Denys, A; Duran, R; Guiu, B; Pracht, M, 2015)	0.42
" Dose-response relationships were determined for efficacy and toxicity."	( Fusion dual-tracer SPECT-based hepatic dosimetry predicts outcome after radioembolization for a wide range of tumour cell types. Banerjee, A; Goris, ML; Iagaru, AH; Lam, MG; Louie, JD; Mittra, ES; Sze, DY, 2015)	0.42
" This technique can be refined to define dosing thresholds for specific tumour types and treatments, but appears generally predictive even in a heterogeneous cohort."	( Fusion dual-tracer SPECT-based hepatic dosimetry predicts outcome after radioembolization for a wide range of tumour cell types. Banerjee, A; Goris, ML; Iagaru, AH; Lam, MG; Louie, JD; Mittra, ES; Sze, DY, 2015)	0.42
" However, standard BSA-based dosing and whole-liver remnant treatments do not increase hepatotoxicity."	( Radioembolization following Liver Resection: Safety and Dosing Considerations. Gagandeep, S; Ituarte, PH; Kessler, J; Lewis, A; Park, JJ, 2016)	0.43
" All studies were retrospective in nature, and heterogeneous, with substantial variations relative to pathology treated, underlying liver disease, dosage and delivery of Y90, number of treatment sessions and time to measurement of hypertrophy."	( A systematic review of contralateral liver lobe hypertrophy after unilobar selective internal radiation therapy with Y90. Allen, JC; Chang, JP; Cheah, FK; Choo, SP; Chow, PK; Goh, BK; Ng, DC; Tai, DW; Teo, JY, 2016)	0.43
" Remarkably, administered activity may still be suboptimal, because a dose-response relationship has not been defined."	( Insights into the Dose-Response Relationship of Radioembolization with Resin 90Y-Microspheres: A Prospective Cohort Study in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases. Alavi, A; de Jong, HW; Elias, SG; Koopman, M; Lam, MG; Rosenbaum, CE; van den Bosch, MA; van den Hoven, AF; Verkooijen, HM, 2016)	0.43
"A strong dose-response relationship exists for the treatment of CRLM with resin microsphere (90)Y radioembolization."	( Insights into the Dose-Response Relationship of Radioembolization with Resin 90Y-Microspheres: A Prospective Cohort Study in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases. Alavi, A; de Jong, HW; Elias, SG; Koopman, M; Lam, MG; Rosenbaum, CE; van den Bosch, MA; van den Hoven, AF; Verkooijen, HM, 2016)	0.43
" Although the standard BSA-based dosing seems to suffice to avoid REILD, it results in quite variable liver doses due to variable hypertrophy of the liver remnant post-hepatectomy."	( Safety and Efficacy of Y-90 Radioembolization After Prior Major Hepatic Resection. Bruners, P; Goerg, F; Heinzel, A; Isfort, P; Kuhl, C; Liebl, M; Pedersoli, F; Schulze-Hagen, M; Ulmer, TF; Zimmermann, M, 2017)	0.46
" In the CCRT group, concurrent hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil was delivered at a dosage of 500 mg/d during the first and last 5 days of radiation therapy (median, 45 Gy)."	( Transarterial Radioembolization Versus Concurrent Chemoradiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. Ahn, SH; Han, KH; Jung, KS; Kim, BK; Kim, DY; Kim, SU; Lee, HW; Park, JY; Seong, J; Song, JE; Song, K; Won, JY, 2017)	0.46
" Ablative and non-ablative dosing resulted in CPN in 5/6 and 2/6 tumors, respectively."	( Angiosomal radiopathologic analysis of transarterial radioembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ahmed, AF; Cabrera, R; Collinsworth, A; Esnakula, A; Geller, BS; Grajo, JR; Samreen, N; Shah, JL; Sistrom, CL; Toskich, BB; Zendejas, I, 2018)	0.48
" Consequently, optimal dosing and scheduling in clinics are affected."	( A new pharmacokinetic model for Baillet, C; Barthélémy, C; Bigot, P; Décaudin, B; Dekyndt, B; Fulcrand, J; Huglo, D; Malek, E; Morschhauser, F; Odou, P; Simon, N, 2018)	0.48
" This article describes the current state-of-the-art of the use of FDG-PET/CT for patient selection, prognosis, treatment evaluation, and as a research tool into absorbed dose-response relationships in radioembolization."	( The Unique Role of Fluorodeoxyglucose-PET in Radioembolization. Bastiaannet, R; de Jong, HWAM; Lam, MGEH; Lodge, MA, 2019)	0.51
" Naturally cooled samples of TLD-600 and TLD-700 were dosed to levels of 29."	( DEMONSTRATION OF THE POTENTIAL AND DIFFICULTIES OF COMBINED TL AND OSL MEASUREMENTS OF TLD-600 AND TLD-700 FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE DOSE COMPONENTS IN COMPLEX NEUTRON-GAMMA RADIATION FIELDS. Eliyahu, I; Garty, G; Horowitz, YS; Oster, L; Reshes, G; Shapiro, A, 2020)	0.56
"Radiation segmentectomy for early HCC with ablative dosing > 400 Gy results in CPN."	( Correlation of Y90-absorbed radiation dose to pathological necrosis in hepatocellular carcinoma: confirmatory multicenter analysis in 45 explants. Gabr, A; Johnson, GE; Kim, E; Lewandowski, RJ; Padia, S; Riaz, A; Salem, R, 2021)	0.62
" No influence of the anti-reflux catheter on the dose-response rate was found."	( Use of an anti-reflux catheter to improve tumor targeting for holmium-166 radioembolization-a prospective, within-patient randomized study. Bastiaannet, R; Braat, AJAT; Bruijnen, RCG; de Keizer, B; Lam, MGEH; Smits, MLJ; van den Hoven, AF; van Roekel, C, 2021)	0.62
" To achieve this, dose-response guidance must be provided."	( Dose-response for yttrium-90 resin microsphere radioembolisation. Kao, YH, 2021)	0.62
"To systematically review all current evidence into the dose-response relation of yttrium-90 and holmium-166 selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) in primary and secondary liver cancer."	( To 1000 Gy and back again: a systematic review on dose-response evaluation in selective internal radiation therapy for primary and secondary liver cancer. Klaassen, NJM; Konijnenberg, MW; Nijsen, JFW; Overduin, CG; Roosen, J; Verheij, M; Westlund Gotby, LEL, 2021)	0.62
"A standardized search was performed in PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, and the Cochrane Library in order to identify all published articles on dose-response evaluation in SIRT."	( To 1000 Gy and back again: a systematic review on dose-response evaluation in selective internal radiation therapy for primary and secondary liver cancer. Klaassen, NJM; Konijnenberg, MW; Nijsen, JFW; Overduin, CG; Roosen, J; Verheij, M; Westlund Gotby, LEL, 2021)	0.62
"Although the existing evidence demonstrates a dose-response relationship in SIRT for both primary liver tumours and liver metastases, many pieces of the puzzle are still missing, hampering the definition of standardized dose thresholds."	( To 1000 Gy and back again: a systematic review on dose-response evaluation in selective internal radiation therapy for primary and secondary liver cancer. Klaassen, NJM; Konijnenberg, MW; Nijsen, JFW; Overduin, CG; Roosen, J; Verheij, M; Westlund Gotby, LEL, 2021)	0.62
" For hepatic metastases of neuroendocrine tumors, a dose-response relationship has not been established yet."	( Dose-response relationship after yttrium-90-radioembolization with glass microspheres in patients with neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases. Barentsz, MW; Braat, AJAT; Braat, MNGJA; Ebbers, SC; Lam, MGEH; van Roekel, C, 2022)	0.72
" A model which normalized activity across all RS treatments to a level that would achieve 400 Gy by unicompartmental dosing was created to determine the affect realized TNR would have on tumor absorbed dose."	( Realized tumor to normal ratios in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing transarterial radioembolization: a retrospective evaluation. Chen, T; Flanagan, S; Golzarian, J; Sanghvi, T; Young, S, 2022)	0.72
"Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with Y90 radioembolization segmentectomy (Y90-RE) demonstrates a tumor dose-response threshold, where dose estimates are highly dependent on accurate SPECT/CT acquisition, registration, and reconstruction."	( Using Deep Learning to Predict Treatment Response in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Y90 Radiation Segmentectomy. Gichoya, J; Kokabi, N; Villalobos, A; Wagstaff, WV, 2023)	0.91
"The development of customized dosimetry software adapted to clinical practice makes it possible to use dosimetry to optimize the dosage for each patient."	( Personalized 90 Y-resin microspheres dose determination: a retrospective study on the impact of dosimetry software on the treatment of patients with selective internal radiotherapy. Blanc, JF; Debordeaux, F; Hindié, E; Lapuyade, B; Papadopoulos, P; Pinaquy, JB, 2023)	0.91
"Transarterial Radioembolization (TARE) is a widespread radiation therapy for unresectable hepatic lesions, but a clear understanding of the dose-response link is still missing."	( Dose-response Analysis in Hepatic Tumors Treated with 90Y-TARE According to a Personalized Dosimetric Workflow: Preliminary Results. Annunziata, S; Breschi, L; Capotosti, A; Cerrito, L; Cusumano, D; De Leoni, D; Iezzi, R; Indovina, L; Longo, V; Meffe, G; Milano, A; Moretti, R; Perotti, G; Placidi, L; Rizzo, A; Zagaria, L, 2023)	0.91

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	422 (13.17)	18.7374
1990's	363 (11.33)	18.2507
2000's	789 (24.63)	29.6817
2010's	1201 (37.48)	24.3611
2020's	429 (13.39)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	339 (9.95%)	5.53%
Reviews	438 (12.86%)	6.00%
Case Studies	264 (7.75%)	4.05%
Observational	24 (0.70%)	0.25%
Other	2,342 (68.74%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	2.13	1	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	6.24	4	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
beta-alanine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzene [no description available]	2.04	1	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	3.56	1	1	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.48	2	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.41	2	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	3.56	1	1	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	2.44	2	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	1.99	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	1.96	1	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.39	2	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.07	1	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	3.56	1	1	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2.44	2	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	2.17	1	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	2.01	1	0	cyclitol; hexol
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	2.06	1	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	13.22	36	6	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	2.73	3	0	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	1.97	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	2.42	2	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
thymine [no description available]	3.35	1	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	3.35	1	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	3.05	1	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases	2.1	1	0	phenanthroline	EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.	2.01	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline	antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator
amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.	1.97	1	0	diamine; organic thiophosphate	antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.	1.96	1	0	dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline	adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	2	1	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
caffeine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	5.09	5	2	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	1.95	1	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	2.08	1	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	3.56	1	1	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	13.07	79	10	pentacarboxylic acid	copper chelator
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.	3.35	1	1	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	12.7	27	9	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	2.11	1	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	4.86	7	1	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iomeprol iomeprol: structure given in first source. iomeprol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a glycoloyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position.	2.06	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iopromide iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.	2.77	3	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; nephrotoxic agent; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.	3.78	3	0	furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle	anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
letrozole [no description available]	3.56	1	1	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
lomustine [no description available]	1.95	1	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	3.08	1	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.06	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	2.31	1	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	6.98	6	5	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
o(6)-benzylguanine O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity	3.56	1	1
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	2.1	1	0	acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic
oxypertine oxypertine: was heading 1975-94 (see under INDOLES 1975-90); use PIPERAZINES to search OXYPERTINE 1975-94; antipsychotic agent also used in severe depression; it has potentially dangerous side effects	2.01	1	0	organic molecular entity
pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.	2.01	1	0	pyridobenzodiazepine	anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.03	1	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	2.03	1	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
sodium fluoride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	fluoride salt	mutagen
sodium iodide Sodium Iodide: A compound forming white, odorless deliquescent crystals and used as iodine supplement, expectorant or in its radioactive (I-131) form as an diagnostic aid, particularly for thyroid function tests.. sodium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a Na(+) counterion.	4.25	5	0	inorganic sodium salt; iodide salt
temozolomide [no description available]	6.37	4	1	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	3.56	1	1	phthalimides; piperidones
thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).	3.08	1	0	aziridines
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	5.18	3	1	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	3.56	1	1	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	3.66	2	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	5.8	2	2	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
thymidine [no description available]	2.39	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.	5.23	3	1	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	2.01	1	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	7.57	5	2	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
idoxuridine [no description available]	3.47	2	0	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	2.66	3	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4.	1.95	1	0	C-nitro compound; quinoline N-oxide	carcinogenic agent
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	4.87	4	2	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	3.56	1	1	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	3.07	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	5.64	10	2	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	1.95	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	1.99	1	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	2	1	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	1.95	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	1.95	1	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
mannitol [no description available]	2.03	1	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine [no description available]	5.12	5	2	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.	3.35	1	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	1.95	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	4.37	2	2	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.	3.56	1	1	boranes; mononuclear parent hydride
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	8.38	9	5	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	1.95	1	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	3.56	1	1	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	2.05	1	0	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	3.17	1	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
nitrilotriacetic acid Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)	1.95	1	0	NTA; tricarboxylic acid	carcinogenic agent; nephrotoxic agent
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	2.02	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	2.55	2	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	2.4	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	3.85	2	1	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	2.71	3	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
dipicolinic acid dipicolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying two carboxy groups at positions 2 and 6.	2.31	1	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	4.43	2	2	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
maleimide [no description available]	2.44	2	0	dicarboximide; maleimides	EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
deoxycytidine [no description available]	8.96	13	3	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	4.83	7	1
thorium dioxide Thorium Dioxide: Thorium oxide (ThO2). A radiographic contrast agent that was used in the early 1930s through about 1954. High rates of mortality have been linked to its use and it has been shown to cause liver cancer.	2.07	1	0	thorium molecular entity
(ethylenedinitrilo)-tetramethylenephosphonic acid (ethylenedinitrilo)-tetramethylenephosphonic acid: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.42	2	0
strontium carbonate [no description available]	3.84	3	0
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	3.84	3	0	carbon oxoanion
norleucine Norleucine: An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to METHIONINE, however it does not contain SULFUR.. L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino group at C-2. It does not occur naturally.	1.95	1	0	2-aminohexanoic acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	8.64	11	7	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
triamcinolone hexacetonide triamcinolone hexacetonide: structure	7.69	7	3	corticosteroid hormone
enbucrilate Enbucrilate: A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental.	2.31	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; nitrile
dysprosium Dysprosium: An element of the rare earth family that has the atomic symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and atomic weight 162.50. Dysprosium is a silvery metal used primarily in the form of various salts.	5.56	5	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	2.65	3	0	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
lanthanum [no description available]	2.37	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
lutetium Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.	15.07	101	8	d-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	2.7	3	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.	2.89	4	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
niobium Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb.	1.96	1	0	vanadium group element atom
osmium Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.	8.07	13	4	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	2.04	1	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	4.41	2	2	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
plutonium Plutonium: A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.	3.34	7	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
praseodymium Praseodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pr, atomic number 59, and atomic weight 140.91.	1.98	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
promethium Promethium: A radioactive element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pm, and atomic number 61. It has been used in the construction of atomic batteries, in the preparation of self-luminous compounds, and as a beta-particle source for thickness gauges.	3.5	8	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
rhenium Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.	12.36	80	8	manganese group element atom
rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.	3.25	6	0	cobalt group element atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	2.41	2	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
samarium Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	5.13	10	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
scandium Scandium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.	2.89	4	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
tantalum Tantalum: A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices.	2.67	3	0	vanadium group element atom
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	8.56	21	2	manganese group element atom
terbium Terbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tb, atomic number 65, and atomic weight 158.92.	2.47	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
thorium Thorium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography.	2.46	2	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
thulium Thulium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93.	2.9	4	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	3.56	1	1	titanium group element atom
actinium Actinium: A trivalent radioactive element and the prototypical member of the actinide family. It has the atomic symbol Ac, and atomic number 89. Its principal isotope is 227 and it decays primarily by beta-emission.	4.56	6	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; scandium group element atom
americium Americium: A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy.	2.52	2	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	2.01	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	3.56	1	1	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
erbium Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26.	9.61	20	7	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.	2.15	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.25	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	2.38	2	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
holmium Holmium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ho, atomic number 67, and atomic weight 164.93.	11.61	22	4	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.	1.98	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium
ytterbium Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.	3.83	2	1	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
yttrium Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.	10.9	159	4	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	6.11	16	0	titanium group element atom
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available]	2.03	1	0	sodium phosphate
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	7.87	5	1	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	1.96	1	0	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	2.02	1	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	1.95	1	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	2.06	1	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
fluorosulfonic acid perfluorosulfonic acid: sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene-based fluoropolymer–copolymer	2.1	1	0	sulfur oxoacid	NMR solvent
radon Radon: A naturally radioactive element with atomic symbol Rn, and atomic number 86. It is a member of the noble gas family found in soil, and is released during the decay of RADIUM.. radon(0) : A monoatomic radon that has an oxidation state of zero.	1.98	1	0	monoatomic radon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
lead nitrate lead nitrate: RN given refers to unspecified lead nitrate	2.6	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; lead coordination entity
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	8.24	26	4
fluorides [no description available]	4.71	6	1	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
18-crown-6 18-crown-6 : A crown ether that is cyclooctadecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 have been replaced by oxygen atoms.	2.06	1	0	crown ether; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	phase-transfer catalyst
chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen	3.56	1	1	chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation
osmium tetroxide Osmium Tetroxide: (T-4)-Osmium oxide (OsO4). A highly toxic and volatile oxide of osmium used in industry as an oxidizing agent. It is also used as a histological fixative and stain and as a synovectomy agent in arthritic joints. Its vapor can cause eye, skin, and lung damage.. osmium tetroxide : An osmium coordination entity consisting of four oxygen atoms bound to a central osmium atom via covalent double bonds.	9.59	20	4	osmium coordination entity	fixative; histological dye; oxidising agent; poison
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	3.46	8	0	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.88	4	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	4.39	2	2	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
prospidium Prospidium: An antineoplastic dispiropiperazine derivative.	1.95	1	0
gallium citrate [no description available]	2.25	1	0
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	6.75	12	2	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	5.25	4	1	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p [no description available]	2.44	2	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
n-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide Duxon: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.1	1	0
yttrium citrate yttrium citrate: RN given refers to unlabeled tri-Na salt; RN for yttrium-90 citrate not in Chemline 8/85	6.56	10	2
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	2.01	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
mebrofenin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	amino acid amide
clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.	4.9	2	1	methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	2	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	8.43	12	2	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
irinotecan [no description available]	8.99	7	2	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
3-iodobenzylguanidine 3-Iodobenzylguanidine: A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.	8.62	9	1	organoiodine compound
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	6.19	6	1	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
tellurium dioxide [no description available]	3.16	1	0
chromic phosphate chromic phosphate: P32 labeled is separate SCR since that is form of major interest	2.03	1	0
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	1.95	1	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.4	2	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
thomsen-friedenreich antigen Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen: do not confuse with T antigens, which are viral	2.02	1	0
iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.	2.5	2	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iridium radioisotopes Iridium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of iridium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ir atoms with atomic weights 182-190, 192, and 194-198 are radioactive iridium isotopes.	8.2	13	3
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	2.1	1	0	phenanthroline
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	14	73	12	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
bendamustine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.6	1	0
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	2.01	1	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.03	1	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	3.55	8	0	oligopeptide
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid: structure given in first source. DOTA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 of a twelve-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.	9.32	38	6	azamacrocycle	chelator; copper chelator
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	2.02	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
technetium tc 99m etidronate [no description available]	3.35	1	1
1-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid [no description available]	2.4	2	0
1,4,7-triazacyclononane-n,n',n''-triacetic acid 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N''-triacetic acid: structure given in first source	2.15	1	0
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid) 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid): a bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical; has been complexed with gadolinium (see Gd-DOTP) and holmium	2.17	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	4.01	4	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
4-aminophenylethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclodecane-n,n',n'',n'''-tetraacetic acid 4-aminophenylethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclodecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid: bifunctional chelating agent for radioimmunotherapy studies; structure in first source	1.98	1	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	1.95	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.05	1	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
edotreotide Edotreotide: DOTA - 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecanetetracetic acid; structure given in first source; may be labelled with various radioisotopes	15.29	65	21
yttria yttria: molecular formula Y2-O3	2.01	1	0
cerium phosphate cerium phosphate: intermediate product in cerium-based technique for staining lysosomal enzymes	2.01	1	0
yttrium ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) yttrium ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid): used in radiotherapy of leukemia	2.9	4	0
n-(2-amino-3-(4-isothiocyanatophenyl)propyl)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-n,n',n',n'',n''-pentaacetic acid N-(2-amino-3-(4-isothiocyanatophenyl)propyl)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-N,N',N',N'',N''-pentaacetic acid: used for (111)Indium labeling of monoclonal antibodies; structure in J Chem Soc (Perkin 1) 1992:1173-8; RN given refers to ((1alpha(S*),2beta)-(+-))-isomer	4.17	16	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	10.21	30	10	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	2.38	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	2.01	1	0
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	3.26	6	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
sorafenib [no description available]	14.4	44	10	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
cortisone [no description available]	1.93	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
lithium fluoride lithium fluoride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li-F; GR200-A is LiF activated by Mg, Cu, and P	3.15	5	0
5-hydroxymethylfurfural 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.	3.56	1	1	arenecarbaldehyde; furans; primary alcohol	indicator; Maillard reaction product
bortezomib [no description available]	3.85	2	1	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
carboplatin [no description available]	2.43	2	0
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.	2.01	1	0	inorganic chloride; lithium salt	antimanic drug; geroprotector
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	2.66	3	0	peptide
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	2.15	1	0
ferric hydroxide ferric hydroxide: additional RNs for iron hydroxide oxide: 11115-92-7, 20344-49-4; RN for unspecified iron hydroxide: 11113-66-9	2.68	3	0
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	1.98	1	0	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
eptifibatide [no description available]	3.11	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide; macrocycle; organic disulfide	anticoagulant; platelet aggregation inhibitor
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	6.93	7	4	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	1.98	1	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
pyclen pyclen: also has amyloid disaggregation activity; structure in first source	2.59	2	0
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	3.34	1	1	diphosphate ion
fludarabine [no description available]	8.56	10	7	purine nucleoside
enclomiphene Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.	1.95	1	0
metiamide Metiamide: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist that is used as an anti-ulcer agent.	2.36	2	0	imidazoles
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	1.95	1	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
meso-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine, (r-(r,s))-isomer diphenylethylenediamine: structure in first source	3.56	1	1
tamoxifen [no description available]	1.96	1	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
nadp [no description available]	2.05	1	0
rtki cpd RTKI cpd: preferentially inhibits human glioma cells expressing truncated rather than wild-type epidermal growth factor receptors	2.02	1	0
2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-6-methyldiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid 2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-6-methyldiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid: a bifunctional chelating agent	5.32	7	2
4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione: a GSK3beta inhibitor. TDZD-8 : A member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta). An experimental compound which was being developed for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	3.56	1	1	benzenes; thiadiazolidine	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
bilirubin [no description available]	6.11	10	1	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	1.98	1	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
gamma-linolenic acid gamma-Linolenic Acid: An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). gamma-linolenic acid : A C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12.	2.39	2	0	linolenic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
maytansine Maytansine: An ansa macrolide isolated from the MAYTENUS genus of East African shrubs.. maytansine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound and 19-membered macrocyclic lactam antibiotic originally isolated from the Ethiopian shrub Maytenus serrata but also found in other Maytenus species. It exhibits cytotoxicity against many tumour cell lines.	2.02	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; carbamate ester; epoxide; maytansinoid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organochlorine compound	antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.	3.56	1	1	ubiquinones	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite
ubiquinone 8 [no description available]	3.56	1	1	ubiquinones	biomarker
menaquinone 6 menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer	3.56	1	1
phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.	1.96	1	0	hydrochloride
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	5.25	3	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
menaquinone 7 menaquinone-7 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains seven isoprene units in an all-trans-configutation.	3.56	1	1	menaquinone	bone density conservation agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
neurokinin a Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.	2.15	1	0
su 11248 [no description available]	3.17	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	2.71	3	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	1.93	1	0	alkali metal atom
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	2.74	3	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	8.51	39	2	alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.	5.33	7	0	metal atom; pnictogen
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	3.06	5	0	boron group element atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.11	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.	6.29	4	1	boron group element atom
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	2.25	1	0	boron group element atom
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	1.93	1	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.	2.36	2	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen	adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope
astatine Astatine: Astatine. A radioactive halogen with the atomic symbol At, and atomic number 85. Its isotopes range in mass number from 200 to 219 and all have an extremely short half-life. Astatine may be of use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism because it emits ALPHA PARTICLES.	4.33	6	0	elemental astatine
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	3.12	1	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
indium [no description available]	2.59	2	0
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	3.57	9	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	1.97	1	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
strontium radioisotopes Strontium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.	13.66	212	11
caesium-137 [no description available]	2.31	1	0	caesium atom
uroguanylin uroguanylin: amino acid sequence given in first source; stimulates intestinal guanylate cyclase; GenBank Z83746 (pig)	2.03	1	0
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	2.44	2	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
germanium Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.	2.48	2	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	3.16	1	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
polonium Polonium: A radioactive element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Po, atomic number 84, and the atomic weight of the isotope with the longest half-life (209Po) is 208.98. It decays by alpha-emission.. polonium atom : A radioactive metallic element discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie and named after her home country, Poland (Latin Polonia).	2.36	2	0	chalcogen; metal atom
radium Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY.	3.21	6	0	alkaline earth metal atom
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	1.97	1	0
palonosetron Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.	2.05	1	0	azabicycloalkane; delta-lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound	antiemetic; serotonergic antagonist
everolimus [no description available]	3.58	2	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
ganglioside, gd2 [no description available]	2.1	1	0
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	3.16	5	0	gadolinium coordination entity	MRI contrast agent
motexafin gadolinium [no description available]	3.43	1	1
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	2.4	2	0
yttrium silicate yttrium silicate: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	7.22	21	2
regorafenib [no description available]	3.35	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; hepatotoxic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
apremilast [no description available]	3.56	1	1	aromatic ether; N-acetylarylamine; phthalimides; sulfone	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	3.56	1	1
n-acetylmannosamine N-acetylmannosamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. N-acetylmannosamine : Any mannosamine carrying an N-acetyl substituent	3.56	1	1
technetium tc 99m exametazime Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime: A gamma-emitting RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING agent used in the evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow and in non-invasive dynamic biodistribution studies and MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING. It has also been used to label leukocytes in the investigation of INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES.	1.97	1	0
indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.	2.39	2	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	2.05	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
(dtpa-phe(1))-octreotide SDZ 215-811: potential radiopharmaceutical for imaging of somatostatin receptor-positive tumors	6.5	7	0
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	3.84	2	1
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	3.56	1	1
oligonucleotides [no description available]	2.94	4	0
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	3.56	1	1
menotropins Menotropins: Extracts of urine from menopausal women that contain high concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE. Menotropins are used to treat infertility. The FSH:LH ratio and degree of purity vary in different preparations.	1.95	1	0
chitosan [no description available]	2.01	1	0
sodium pertechnetate tc 99m Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.	2.66	3	0
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	3.45	1	1
glycolipids [no description available]	3.56	1	1
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	1.99	1	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.06	1	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
pf 3512676 ProMune: an anticancer adjuvant and immunostimulant	3.47	1	1
lead radioisotopes Lead Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of lead that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Pb atoms with atomic weights 194-203, 205, and 209-214 are radioactive lead isotopes.	2.17	1	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.02	1	0
technetium tc 99m depreotide technetium Tc 99m depreotide: Tc-99m-labeled somatostatin	4.07	1	0
technetium tc 99m sulfur colloid Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen.	2.08	1	0
tetraphenylporphine tetraphenylporphyrin: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
gadoxetic acid disodium gadolinium ethoxybenzyl DTPA: DTPA covalently linked to the lipoohilic ethoxybenzyl moiety; a contrast agent in MR imaging of hepatobiliary system	2.8	3	0
psma-617 PSMA-617: inhibits prostate-specific membrane antigen; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	6.05	3	2
lutetium orthosilicate lutetium orthosilicate: LSO crystal layer is used in High Resolution Research Tomograph (HRRT) positron emission tomography (PET) scanners	2.49	2	0
technetium tc 99m medronate Technetium Tc 99m Medronate: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms.	3.38	1	1
thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.	2.48	2	0
lewis y antigen [no description available]	5.7	4	1
lutetium lu 177 dotatate 177Lu-DOTA-octreotate: an somatostatin receptor agonist	8.46	16	1
levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	10.24	10	4	5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
guanine [no description available]	3.56	1	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	5.43	4	1	dacarbazine
tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.	1.98	1	0	aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	2.02	1	0
capromab pendetide Capromab Pendetide: an (111)Indium-labeled IgG antibody against a prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA); used in the evaluation of metastatic involvement in prostate cancer	3.38	1	1
eye [no description available]	3.21	6	0
technetium tc 99m-ethylenedicysteine technetium Tc 99m-ethylenedicysteine: renal imaging agent; structure given in first source	3.12	1	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	10.5	47	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.7	3	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	23.65	689	67
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	25.88	1,334	132
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	23.65	689	67
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	25.88	1,334	132
Blood Clot [description not available]	4.87	12	0
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	4.87	12	0
Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available]	9.43	20	5
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	15.76	71	21
Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.	9.43	20	5
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	9.7	15	6
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	9.7	15	6
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	14.37	89	3
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	14.01	77	3
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	18.88	212	34
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	14.01	77	3
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	18.88	212	34
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	14.37	89	3
Neuroendocrine Tumors Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.	17.98	146	19
Synovioma [description not available]	4.96	2	1
Sarcoma, Synovial A malignant neoplasm arising from tenosynovial tissue of the joints and in synovial cells of tendons and bursae. The legs are the most common site, but the tumor can occur in the abdominal wall and other trunk muscles. There are two recognized types: the monophasic (characterized by sheaths of monotonous spindle cells) and the biphasic (characterized by slit-like spaces or clefts within the tumor, lined by cuboidal or tall columnar epithelial cells). These sarcomas occur most commonly in the second and fourth decades of life. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1363)	4.96	2	1
Atrophy of Gingiva [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	3.09	4	0
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	3.09	4	0
Hepatoblastoma A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.98	3	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	6.71	21	1
Keloid A sharply elevated, irregularly shaped, progressively enlarging scar resulting from formation of excessive amounts of collagen in the dermis during connective tissue repair. It is differentiated from a hypertrophic scar (CICATRIX, HYPERTROPHIC) in that the former does not spread to surrounding tissues.	3.6	3	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	6.71	21	1
Minimal Disease, Residual [description not available]	3.16	5	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	5.18	10	1
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	9.72	58	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	5.18	10	1
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	6.93	9	1
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	2.47	2	0
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	5.39	12	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	6.93	9	1
Brill-Symmers Disease [description not available]	14.53	56	27
Lymphoma, Follicular Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.	14.53	56	27
Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available]	10.24	29	4
Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.	10.24	29	4
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	9.99	32	3
Bilirubinemia [description not available]	3.33	1	0
Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue [description not available]	7.59	11	5
Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. Many of the sites of these lymphomas, such as the stomach, salivary gland, and thyroid, are normally devoid of lymphoid tissue. They acquire mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder.	7.59	11	5
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	5	8	1
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	5	8	1
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	9.42	60	1
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	6.06	10	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	9.42	60	1
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	6.06	10	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	16.82	96	16
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	12.08	44	10
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	2.84	3	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	16.82	96	16
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	12.08	44	10
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	2.84	3	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	9.2	29	3
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	9.2	29	3
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available]	4.33	4	1
Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available]	6.52	9	2
Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.	4.33	4	1
Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)	6.52	9	2
Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer [description not available]	3.07	3	0
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE which can grow in the presence of low or residual amount of androgen hormones such as TESTOSTERONE.	3.07	3	0
Degenerative Disc Disease [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	2.41	2	0
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates.	2.41	1	0
Abscess, Hepatic [description not available]	4.29	6	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	17.16	139	18
Liver Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.	4.29	6	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	17.16	139	18
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	12.64	23	11
Hepatic Failure [description not available]	4.61	5	0
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)	4.61	5	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	16.43	93	27
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	8.47	23	4
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	8.47	23	4
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	6.88	17	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	6.88	17	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	19.15	151	43
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	17.04	95	21
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	19.15	151	43
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	17.04	95	21
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	9.2	23	9
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	2.6	1	0
Chronic Liver Failure [description not available]	3.45	5	0
End Stage Liver Disease Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed.	3.45	5	0
Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available]	4.64	9	0
Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.	4.64	9	0
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	5.27	3	1
Paraganglioma, Gangliocytic [description not available]	7.15	6	2
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available]	7.01	5	2
Paraganglioma A neural crest tumor usually derived from the chromoreceptor tissue of a paraganglion, such as the carotid body, or medulla of the adrenal gland (usually called a chromaffinoma or pheochromocytoma). It is more common in women than in men. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	7.15	6	2
Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)	7.01	5	2
Autosomal Hemophilia A [description not available]	8.31	37	2
Arthropathies [description not available]	6.01	12	0
Plica Syndrome [description not available]	12.86	103	19
Hemarthrosis Bleeding into the joints. It may arise from trauma or spontaneously in patients with hemophilia.	8.07	33	3
Hemophilia A The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.	8.31	37	2
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS.	6.01	12	0
Synovitis Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.	12.86	103	19
Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors An internationally recognized set of published rules used for evaluation of cancer treatment that define when tumors found in cancer patients improve, worsen, or remain stable during treatment. These criteria are based specifically on the response of the tumor(s) to treatment, and not on the overall health status of the patient resulting from treatment.	4.33	16	0
Adrenocortical Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. Adrenocortical carcinomas are unencapsulated anaplastic (ANAPLASIA) masses sometimes exceeding 20 cm or 200 g. They are more likely to be functional than nonfunctional, and produce ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES that may result in hypercortisolism (CUSHING SYNDROME); HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and/or VIRILISM.	3.51	2	0
Adrenal Cortex Cancer [description not available]	3.51	2	0
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.	3.51	2	0
Cancer of Eye [description not available]	4.41	8	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	15.29	75	23
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	13.33	84	23
Ache [description not available]	5.26	6	2
Diffuse Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor [description not available]	6.45	16	1
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	13.33	84	23
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	5.26	6	2
Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular Diffuse outgrowth arising from the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE; SYNOVIAL BURSA; or TENDON sheath around the joint cavity, with extension to surrounding soft tissue. It is characterized by pigmented HEMOSIDERIN-containing MACROPHAGES; FOAM CELLS; and multinucleated GIANT CELLS. It usually occurs in the hands and feet, and around large joints, such as in the ankle and knee joints.	6.45	16	1
Biliary Calculi [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	13.61	65	11
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	14.63	92	9
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	13.61	65	11
Gallstones Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.	2.25	1	0
Lassitude [description not available]	8.61	7	5
Emesis [description not available]	8.84	8	6
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	8.61	7	5
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	9.61	8	5
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	8.84	8	6
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	3.12	5	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	3.12	5	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	14.12	93	14
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	14.12	93	14
Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome, Posterior [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	2.25	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	13.06	78	13
Sarcopenia Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.	2.69	2	0
Fibrosis, Radiation [description not available]	8.2	16	1
Radiation Pneumonitis Inflammation of the lung due to harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.	8.2	16	1
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	7.42	5	2
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	7.42	5	2
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	3.35	6	0
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	3.35	6	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	5.56	16	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	3.61	9	0
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	2.82	3	0
Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available]	3.17	5	0
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	2.82	3	0
Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.	3.17	5	0
Metastase [description not available]	14.84	54	11
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	14.84	54	11
Uveal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UVEA.	6.5	8	2
Gastric Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.	2.31	1	0
Digestive System Fistula An abnormal passage communicating between any components of the digestive system, or between any part of the digestive system and surrounding organ(s).	2.31	1	0
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	2.31	1	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	11.51	42	9
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	11.51	42	9
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	3.19	5	0
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	3.19	5	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	9.28	22	2
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	3.03	4	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	3.03	4	0
Adenocystic Carcinoma [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Cancer of Salivary Gland [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.31	1	0
Salivary Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.	2.31	1	0
Budd-Chiari Syndrome A condition in which the hepatic venous outflow is obstructed anywhere from the small HEPATIC VEINS to the junction of the INFERIOR VENA CAVA and the RIGHT ATRIUM. Usually the blockage is extrahepatic and caused by blood clots (THROMBUS) or fibrous webs. Parenchymal FIBROSIS is uncommon.	2.41	1	0
Pterygium An abnormal triangular fold of membrane in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea, being immovably united to the cornea at its apex, firmly attached to the sclera throughout its middle portion, and merged with the conjunctiva at its base. (Dorland, 27th ed)	5.47	8	2
Aortic Stenosis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Aortic Valve Stenosis A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.	2.31	1	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	8.17	9	4
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	2.5	2	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	5.31	21	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	3.9	12	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	3.42	7	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	5.31	21	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	3.9	12	0
Blood Diseases [description not available]	9.22	9	6
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	9.22	9	6
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round blue cells, granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small (oat) cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	11.44	19	7
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	2.31	1	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	2.91	4	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.91	4	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	7.42	25	2
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	7.42	25	2
Colicky Pain [description not available]	4.62	3	0
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	4.62	3	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	10.38	36	9
Polyarthritis [description not available]	8.06	26	4
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	8.06	26	4
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	10.38	36	9
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating [description not available]	3.97	2	1
Complication, Intraoperative [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Cancer of Intestines [description not available]	6.61	11	1
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.	6.61	11	1
Solitary Fibrous Tumors Rare neoplasms of mesenchymal origin, usually benign, and most commonly involving the PLEURA (see SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR, PLEURAL). They also are found in extrapleural sites.	2.17	1	0
Enlarged Liver [description not available]	2.57	2	0
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	2.17	1	0
Infection [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Cholangitis Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.	2.49	2	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	2.17	1	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	7.14	11	2
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	7.14	11	2
Thrombopenia [description not available]	12.82	31	14
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	12.82	31	14
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.	5.26	7	0
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis [description not available]	5.81	12	2
Foreign-Body Granuloma [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Peritoneal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.	5.81	12	2
Biliary Tract Cancer [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Biliary Tract Neoplasms Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	2.43	2	0
Vascular Malformations A spectrum of congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities in BLOOD VESSELS that can adversely affect the normal blood flow in ARTERIES or VEINS. Most are congenital defects such as abnormal communications between blood vessels (fistula), shunting of arterial blood directly into veins bypassing the CAPILLARIES (arteriovenous malformations), formation of large dilated blood blood-filled vessels (cavernous angioma), and swollen capillaries (capillary telangiectases). In rare cases, vascular malformations can result from trauma or diseases.	2.17	1	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	2.58	2	0
Leukocytopenia [description not available]	4.67	3	2
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	9.77	31	1
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	5.83	4	2
Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).	4.67	3	2
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	9.77	31	1
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	10.67	16	7
Malignant Mesothelioma [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Mesothelioma A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.75	3	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	8.56	13	2
Hepato-Pulmonary Syndrome [description not available]	3.03	4	0
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome A syndrome characterized by the clinical triad of advanced chronic liver disease, pulmonary vascular dilatations, and reduced arterial oxygenation (HYPOXEMIA) in the absence of intrinsic cardiopulmonary disease. This syndrome is common in the patients with LIVER CIRRHOSIS or portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).	3.03	4	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	9.23	27	8
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	9.23	27	8
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	6.83	16	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	7.15	15	1
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	7.15	15	1
Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.	3.4	2	0
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome, Hereditary [description not available]	4.96	2	1
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	5.74	7	1
Gastric Outlet Obstruction The hindering of output from the STOMACH into the SMALL INTESTINE. This obstruction may be of mechanical or functional origin such as EDEMA from PEPTIC ULCER; NEOPLASMS; FOREIGN BODIES; or AGING.	2.31	1	0
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	4.64	6	1
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic [description not available]	6.05	3	1
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.	6.05	3	1
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	3.98	11	0
Cancer, Second Primary [description not available]	8.52	12	3
Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer [description not available]	4	2	1
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available]	2.97	4	0
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	5.25	4	1
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.	2.97	4	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	5.25	4	1
Complex and Mixed Neoplasms [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed Neoplasms composed of more than one type of neoplastic tissue.	2.25	1	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	2.69	2	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	2.69	2	0
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	2.25	1	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	2.25	1	0
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	2.25	1	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	2.73	3	0
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	2.73	3	0
Cardiac Cancer [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.31	1	0
Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.	2.31	1	0
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes [description not available]	5.61	6	3
Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	5.19	19	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	5.61	9	2
Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.	5.61	6	3
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	5.61	9	2
Thyroid Nodule A small circumscribed mass in the THYROID GLAND that can be of neoplastic growth or non-neoplastic abnormality. It lacks a well-defined capsule or glandular architecture. Thyroid nodules are often benign but can be malignant. The growth of nodules can lead to a multinodular goiter (GOITER, NODULAR).	2.15	1	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	6.01	9	1
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	6.01	9	1
Apoplexy [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	2.5	2	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	9.74	18	4
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	9.74	18	4
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	5.01	3	1
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	5.01	3	1
Multiple Primary Neoplasms [description not available]	3.03	4	0
Adult Periodontitis [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	4.51	5	1
Health Care Associated Infection [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Intertrochanteric Fractures [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	3.56	1	1
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	5.79	5	4
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis [description not available]	4.29	4	1
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	3.91	2	1
Anovulation Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy.	3.56	1	1
Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.	3.56	1	1
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	4.51	5	1
Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.	3.56	1	1
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	3.87	2	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	3.56	1	1
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	3.56	1	1
Hip Fractures Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).	3.56	1	1
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	5.79	5	4
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	3.56	1	1
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	4.18	3	1
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.	3.56	1	1
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	3.56	1	1
Spondylitis, Ankylosing A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.	4.29	4	1
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	3.56	1	1
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	3.56	1	1
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	3.56	1	1
T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.	2.69	3	0
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated [description not available]	9.38	11	5
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).	9.38	11	5
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	8.68	20	6
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	8.68	20	6
Cancer of Digestive System [description not available]	5.99	3	1
Digestive System Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.	5.99	3	1
Gastric Stasis [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available]	3.14	5	0
Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	3.14	5	0
Gastroparesis Chronic delayed gastric emptying. Gastroparesis may be caused by motor dysfunction or paralysis of STOMACH muscles or may be associated with other systemic diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS.	2.08	1	0
Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.	2.76	3	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).	2.5	2	0
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.	4.82	7	1
Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.	4.82	7	1
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available]	7.27	46	0
Day Blindness [description not available]	4	5	0
Craniopharyngioma, Adamantinous [description not available]	6.57	27	0
Craniopharyngioma A benign pituitary-region neoplasm that originates from Rathke's pouch. The two major histologic and clinical subtypes are adamantinous (or classical) craniopharyngioma and papillary craniopharyngioma. The adamantinous form presents in children and adolescents as an expanding cystic lesion in the pituitary region. The cystic cavity is filled with a black viscous substance and histologically the tumor is composed of adamantinomatous epithelium and areas of calcification and necrosis. Papillary craniopharyngiomas occur in adults, and histologically feature a squamous epithelium with papillations. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch14, p50)	6.57	27	0
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.	7.27	46	0
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	4.22	6	0
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	4.22	6	0
Cancer of ILEUM [description not available]	2.99	4	0
Carcinoid Heart Disease Cardiac manifestation of gastrointestinal CARCINOID TUMOR that metastasizes to the liver. Substances secreted by the tumor cells, including SEROTONIN, promote fibrous plaque formation in ENDOCARDIUM and its underlying layers. These deposits cause distortion of the TRICUSPID VALVE and the PULMONARY VALVE eventually leading to STENOSIS and valve regurgitation.	2.08	1	0
Flushing A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress.	2.08	1	0
Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome A symptom complex associated with CARCINOID TUMOR and characterized by attacks of severe flushing of the skin, diarrheal watery stools, bronchoconstriction, sudden drops in blood pressure, edema, and ascites. The carcinoid tumors are usually located in the gastrointestinal tract and metastasize to the liver. Symptoms are caused by tumor secretion of serotonin, prostaglandins, and other biologically active substances. Cardiac manifestations constitute CARCINOID HEART DISEASE. (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	2.46	2	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	4.62	3	0
Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.89	4	0
Leukemia, Pre-B-Cell [description not available]	4.8	2	1
Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and adolescents and characterized by a high number of lymphoblasts and solid tumor lesions. Frequent sites involve LYMPH NODES, skin, and bones. It most commonly presents as leukemia.	4.8	2	1
Angiohemophilia [description not available]	2.43	2	0
von Willebrand Diseases Group of hemorrhagic disorders in which the VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR is either quantitatively or qualitatively abnormal. They are usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait though rare kindreds are autosomal recessive. Symptoms vary depending on severity and disease type but may include prolonged bleeding time, deficiency of factor VIII, and impaired platelet adhesion.	2.43	2	0
Enlarged Spleen [description not available]	4.24	6	0
Epiretinal Membrane A membrane on the vitreal surface of the retina resulting from the proliferation of one or more of three retinal elements: (1) fibrous astrocytes; (2) fibrocytes; and (3) RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. Localized epiretinal membranes may occur at the posterior pole of the eye without clinical signs or may cause marked loss of vision as a result of covering, distorting, or detaching the FOVEA CENTRALIS. Epiretinal membranes may cause vascular leakage and secondary retinal edema. In younger individuals some membranes appear to be developmental in origin and occur in otherwise normal eyes. The majority occur in association with RETINAL HOLES, ocular concussions, retinal inflammation, or after ocular surgery. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p291)	4.44	2	2
Wet Macular Degeneration A form of RETINAL DEGENERATION in which abnormal CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION occurs under the RETINA and MACULA LUTEA, causing bleeding and leaking of fluid. This leads to bulging and or lifting of the macula and the distortion or destruction of central vision.	5.56	4	4
Atypical Lipoma [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Lipoma A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule.	2.75	3	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	7.11	18	2
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	7.11	18	2
Eye Disorders [description not available]	4.87	8	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	4.11	6	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	4.87	8	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	4.11	6	0
Neoplasms, Plasma Cell Neoplasms associated with a proliferation of a single clone of PLASMA CELLS and characterized by the secretion of PARAPROTEINS.	2.1	1	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	3.67	3	0
Pleural Effusion, Malignant Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells.	3.59	3	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	5.45	5	1
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	5.45	5	1
Chronic Hepatitis B [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Alcoholic Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.	2.1	1	0
Hepatitis B, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	2.1	1	0
Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	2.1	1	0
Christmas Disease [description not available]	3.16	5	0
Hemophilia B A deficiency of blood coagulation factor IX inherited as an X-linked disorder. (Also known as Christmas Disease, after the first patient studied in detail, not the holy day.) Historical and clinical features resemble those in classic hemophilia (HEMOPHILIA A), but patients present with fewer symptoms. Severity of bleeding is usually similar in members of a single family. Many patients are asymptomatic until the hemostatic system is stressed by surgery or trauma. Treatment is similar to that for hemophilia A. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1008)	3.16	5	0
Cerebral Pseudosclerosis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Hepatolenticular Degeneration A rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the deposition of copper in the BRAIN; LIVER; CORNEA; and other organs. It is caused by defects in the ATP7B gene encoding copper-transporting ATPase 2 (EC 3.6.3.4), also known as the Wilson disease protein. The overload of copper inevitably leads to progressive liver and neurological dysfunction such as LIVER CIRRHOSIS; TREMOR; ATAXIA and intellectual deterioration. Hepatic dysfunction may precede neurologic dysfunction by several years.	2.1	1	0
Baker Cyst [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Polyomavirus Infections Infections with POLYOMAVIRUS, which are often cultured from the urine of kidney transplant patients. Excretion of BK VIRUS is associated with ureteral strictures and CYSTITIS, and that of JC VIRUS with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL).	2.1	1	0
Fibroma, Shope [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	2.52	2	0
Sclera Diseases [description not available]	3.48	1	1
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	6.62	7	3
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	6.62	7	3
Pyrexia [description not available]	5.52	3	1
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	5.52	3	1
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	2.73	3	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	2.73	3	0
Neoplasms, Vascular [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Leiomyosarcoma A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)	2.11	1	0
Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm [description not available]	4.8	2	1
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).	4.8	2	1
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	5.58	3	2
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	7.01	8	4
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	5.58	3	2
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.	7.01	8	4
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	2.74	3	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	5.7	7	3
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	5.7	7	3
Erosive Duodenitis [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Duodenitis Inflammation of the DUODENUM section of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). Erosive duodenitis may cause bleeding in the UPPER GI TRACT and PEPTIC ULCER.	2.47	2	0
African Lymphoma [description not available]	4.66	6	1
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	4.66	6	1
Cancer of the Urinary Tract [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	4.36	21	0
Acute Cholecystitis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Cholecystitis, Acute Acute inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall. It is characterized by the presence of ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and LEUKOCYTOSIS. Gallstone obstruction of the CYSTIC DUCT is present in approximately 90% of the cases.	2.13	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	5.43	5	3
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	5.43	5	3
Cancer of the Tongue [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Tongue Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.	3.03	1	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	2.76	3	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	3.5	1	1
Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.	2.78	3	0
Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available]	5.85	8	1
Embolus [description not available]	2.91	4	0
Embolism Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.	2.91	4	0
Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous Disappearance of a neoplasm or neoplastic state without the intervention of therapy.	2.13	1	0
Aneurysm, Arteriovenous [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Argentaffinoma [description not available]	9.17	16	2
Carcinoid Tumor A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)	9.17	16	2
Micrometastases, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	3.13	5	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	3.13	5	0
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	3.67	3	0
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	3.67	3	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	3.86	4	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	3.86	4	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	5.27	2	1
Hypoalbuminemia A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA).	4.43	1	1
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	2.15	1	0
Milk-Alkali Syndrome [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Hypercalcemia Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.	2.15	1	0
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.	2.04	1	0
Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.	2.04	1	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	2.43	2	0
Muscle Spasm [description not available]	2.96	1	0
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available]	2.96	1	0
Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.	2.96	1	0
Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.	2.96	1	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	2.96	1	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	2.96	1	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	9.21	34	10
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	9.21	34	10
Adipocere [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Central Nervous System Neoplasm [description not available]	4.69	3	2
Central Nervous System Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.	4.69	3	2
Foreign-Body Migration Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body.	3.43	1	1
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	3.83	4	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	3.83	4	0
Island Cell Tumor [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Adenoma, Islet Cell A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.	2.05	1	0
Carcinoma, Adenosquamous A mixed adenocarcinoma and squamous cell or epidermoid carcinoma.	2.06	1	0
Gastrin-Producing Tumor [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Gastrinoma A GASTRIN-secreting neuroendocrine tumor of the non-beta ISLET CELLS, the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS. This type of tumor is primarily located in the PANCREAS or the DUODENUM. Majority of gastrinomas are malignant. They metastasize to the LIVER; LYMPH NODES; and BONE but rarely elsewhere. The presence of gastrinoma is one of three requirements to be met for identification of ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME, which sometimes occurs in families with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1; (MEN 1).	2.75	3	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	3.7	10	0
Astigmatism Unequal curvature of the refractive surfaces of the eye. Thus a point source of light cannot be brought to a point focus on the retina but is spread over a more or less diffuse area. This results from the radius of curvature in one plane being longer or shorter than the radius at right angles to it. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.05	1	0
Cancer of Duodenum [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Bronze Diabetes [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Viral Hepatitis, Human [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Hemochromatosis A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)	2.05	1	0
Hepatitis, Viral, Human INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans due to infection by VIRUSES. There are several significant types of human viral hepatitis with infection caused by enteric-transmission (HEPATITIS A; HEPATITIS E) or blood transfusion (HEPATITIS B; HEPATITIS C; and HEPATITIS D).	2.05	1	0
Chromosomal Breakage [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Cholecystoduodenal Fistula [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Aseptic Necrosis of Bone [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Coxarthrosis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Infections, Prosthesis-Related [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Osteonecrosis Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic.	2.05	1	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.05	1	0
Osteoarthritis, Hip Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.	2.05	1	0
Neoplasm Seeding The local implantation of tumor cells by contamination of instruments and surgical equipment during and after surgical resection, resulting in local growth of the cells and tumor formation.	2.06	1	0
Rheumatism [description not available]	3.59	3	0
Rheumatic Diseases Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.	3.59	3	0
Brain Stem Neoplasms, Primary [description not available]	2.97	1	0
Cyst [description not available]	4.88	8	0
Mixed Pineocytoma-Pineoblastoma [description not available]	2.97	1	0
Pinealoma Neoplasms which originate from pineal parenchymal cells that tend to enlarge the gland and be locally invasive. The two major forms are pineocytoma and the more malignant pineoblastoma. Pineocytomas have moderate cellularity and tend to form rosette patterns. Pineoblastomas are highly cellular tumors containing small, poorly differentiated cells. These tumors occasionally seed the neuroaxis or cause obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS or Parinaud's syndrome. GERMINOMA; CARCINOMA, EMBRYONAL; GLIOMA; and other neoplasms may arise in the pineal region with germinoma being the most common pineal region tumor. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2064; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p670)	2.97	1	0
Brain Stem Neoplasms Benign and malignant intra-axial tumors of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the BRAIN STEM. Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. Clinical features include ATAXIA, cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES), NAUSEA, hemiparesis (see HEMIPLEGIA), and quadriparesis. Primary brain stem neoplasms are more frequent in children. Histologic subtypes include GLIOMA; HEMANGIOBLASTOMA; GANGLIOGLIOMA; and EPENDYMOMA.	2.97	1	0
Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly) [description not available]	5.12	18	0
Acromegaly A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)	5.12	18	0
Cancer of Cecum [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Aneurysm, Ruptured The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.	2.05	1	0
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery [description not available]	2.91	4	0
Intracranial Aneurysm Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (	2.91	4	0
Coronary Restenosis Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.	8.94	22	7
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	4.11	6	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	4.11	6	0
Desmoplastic Small Cell Tumor [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor A rare, aggressive soft tissue sarcoma that primarily affects adolescents and young adults. It is most commonly found in the abdomen.	2.06	1	0
Acromegaly Due To Pituitary Adenoma [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Bleeding [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	2.39	2	0
Joint Pain [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Arthralgia Pain in the joint.	2.46	2	0
Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid A tumor of medium-to-large veins, composed of plump-to-spindled endothelial cells that bulge into vascular spaces in a tombstone-like fashion. These tumors are thought to have borderline aggression, where one-third develop local recurrences, but only rarely metastasize. It is unclear whether the epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is truly neoplastic or an exuberant tissue reaction, nor is it clear if this is equivalent to Kimura's disease (see ANGIOLYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA WITH EOSINOPHILIA). (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	2.06	1	0
Lymphocytopenia [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Lymphopenia Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.	2.07	1	0
Bechterew Syndrome [description not available]	3.46	1	1
Spondylarthropathies Heterogeneous group of arthritic diseases sharing clinical and radiologic features. They are associated with the HLA-B27 ANTIGEN and some with a triggering infection. Most involve the axial joints in the SPINE, particularly the SACROILIAC JOINT, but can also involve asymmetric peripheral joints. Subsets include ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS; and others.	3.46	1	1
Breast Cancer, Male [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Breast Neoplasms, Male Any neoplasms of the male breast. These occur infrequently in males in developed countries, the incidence being about 1% of that in females.	2.06	1	0
Cancer of Testis [description not available]	3.8	2	1
Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.	3.8	2	1
Choroid Neovascularization [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Digestive System Disorders [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Digestive System Diseases Diseases in any part of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the accessory organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).	2.07	1	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	2.06	1	0
Neoplasm Metastasis, Unknown Primary [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Acute Rheumatic Fever [description not available]	3.04	5	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	4.78	2	1
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	4.78	2	1
Endothelioma, Vascular [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Hemangioendothelioma A neoplasm derived from blood vessels, characterized by numerous prominent endothelial cells that occur singly, in aggregates, and as the lining of congeries of vascular tubes or channels. Hemangioendotheliomas are relatively rare and are of intermediate malignancy (between benign hemangiomas and conventional angiosarcomas). They affect men and women about equally and rarely develop in childhood. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1866)	2.07	1	0
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Cancer of Jejunum [description not available]	2.99	1	0
Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of inherited abnormalities in blood coagulation.	3.38	2	0
Icterus [description not available]	3.38	2	0
Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.	3.38	2	0
Orbital Neoplasms Neoplasms of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.	2.01	1	0
Coronary Thrombosis Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	3.39	1	1
Graft Occlusion, Vascular Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.	4.31	4	1
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	2.01	1	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	3.2	6	0
Conjunctival Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the CONJUNCTIVA.	2.01	1	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	3.09	5	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	3.09	5	0
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	3.37	7	0
Dizzyness [description not available]	3.4	1	1
Dizziness An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.	3.4	1	1
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	4.06	3	1
Angioma, Sclerosing [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	4.06	3	1
Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous A benign tumor composed, wholly or in part, of cells with the morphologic characteristics of HISTIOCYTES and with various fibroblastic components. Fibrous histiocytomas can occur anywhere in the body. When they occur in the skin, they are called dermatofibromas or sclerosing hemangiomas. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p1747)	3.39	1	1
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	4.39	8	0
Cushing's Syndrome [description not available]	4.74	12	0
Adenoma, Prolactin-Secreting, Pituitary [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	4.39	8	0
Cushing Syndrome A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.	4.74	12	0
Familial Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinaemia [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA; HEMORRHAGES; and hyperviscosity.	2.93	1	0
Pain, Intractable Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment.	6.82	8	1
Carcinoma, Medullary A carcinoma composed mainly of epithelial elements with little or no stroma. Medullary carcinomas of the breast constitute 5%-7% of all mammary carcinomas; medullary carcinomas of the thyroid comprise 3%-10% of all thyroid malignancies. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1141; Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	5.34	7	2
Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms [description not available]	4.07	3	1
Spinal Cord Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA.	4.07	3	1
Spinal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE.	3.8	2	1
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	3.4	1	1
Angioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated.	3.73	11	0
Hemangioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000)	3.73	11	0
Adenohypophyseal Diseases [description not available]	3.19	6	0
Pituitary Diseases Disorders involving either the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS or the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. These diseases usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PITUITARY HORMONES. Neoplastic pituitary masses can also cause compression of the OPTIC CHIASM and other adjacent structures.	3.19	6	0
Bone Fractures [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	1.93	1	0
Hemangioma, Capillary A dull red, firm, dome-shaped hemangioma, sharply demarcated from surrounding skin, usually located on the head and neck, which grows rapidly and generally undergoes regression and involution without scarring. It is caused by proliferation of immature capillary vessels in active stroma, and is usually present at birth or occurs within the first two or three months of life. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.93	1	0
Nevus Flammeus [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Port-Wine Stain A vascular malformation of developmental origin characterized pathologically by ectasia of superficial dermal capillaries, and clinically by persistent macular erythema. In the past, port wine stains have frequently been termed capillary hemangiomas, which they are not; unfortunately this confusing practice persists: HEMANGIOMA, CAPILLARY is neoplastic, a port-wine stain is non-neoplastic. Port-wine stains vary in color from fairly pale pink to deep red or purple and in size from a few millimeters to many centimeters in diameter. The face is the most frequently affected site and they are most often unilateral. (From Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 5th ed, p483)	2.34	2	0
Digitate Dermatosis [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Mycosis Fungoides A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.	1.93	1	0
Parapsoriasis The term applied to a group of relatively uncommon inflammatory, maculopapular, scaly eruptions of unknown etiology and resistant to conventional treatment. Eruptions are both psoriatic and lichenoid in appearance, but the diseases are distinct from psoriasis, lichen planus, or other recognized dermatoses. Proposed nomenclature divides parapsoriasis into two distinct subgroups, PITYRIASIS LICHENOIDES and parapsoriasis en plaques (small- and large-plaque parapsoriasis).	1.93	1	0
Exophthalmos Abnormal protrusion of both eyes; may be caused by endocrine gland malfunction, malignancy, injury, or paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye.	1.93	1	0
Cancer of the Vagina [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Choriocarcinoma A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).	1.93	1	0
Vaginal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the VAGINA.	1.93	1	0
Benign Supratentorial Neoplasms [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Chordoma A malignant tumor arising from the embryonic remains of the notochord. It is also called chordocarcinoma, chordoepithelioma, and notochordoma. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.36	2	0
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Otospongiosis [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	1.93	1	0
Otosclerosis Formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth capsule which can progress toward the STAPES (stapedial fixation) or anteriorly toward the COCHLEA leading to conductive, sensorineural, or mixed HEARING LOSS. Several genes are associated with familial otosclerosis with varied clinical signs.	1.93	1	0
Choroid Neoplasms Tumors of the choroid; most common intraocular tumors are malignant melanomas of the choroid. These usually occur after puberty and increase in incidence with advancing age. Most malignant melanomas of the uveal tract develop from benign melanomas (nevi).	2.35	2	0
Erythremia [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Polycythemia Vera A myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by abnormal proliferation of all hematopoietic bone marrow elements and an absolute increase in red cell mass and total blood volume, associated frequently with splenomegaly, leukocytosis, and thrombocythemia. Hematopoiesis is also reactive in extramedullary sites (liver and spleen). In time myelofibrosis occurs.	2.66	3	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	2.36	2	0
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.	1.93	1	0
Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	1.93	1	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	2.87	4	0
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.93	1	0
Coronary Artery Stenosis [description not available]	3.4	1	1
Coronary Stenosis Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.	3.4	1	1
Hand-Schu00FCller-Christian Disease [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder.	2.02	1	0
Merkel Cell Cancer [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Facial Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE.	2.02	1	0
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell A carcinoma arising from MERKEL CELLS located in the basal layer of the epidermis and occurring most commonly as a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Merkel cells are tactile cells of neuroectodermal origin and histologically show neurosecretory granules. The skin of the head and neck are a common site of Merkel cell carcinoma, occurring generally in elderly patients. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1245)	2.02	1	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	3.33	2	0
Femoral Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the FEMUR.	2.02	1	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	8.68	15	5
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	8.68	15	5
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	5.63	2	1
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	5.63	2	1
Plasma Cell Tumor [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Plasmacytoma Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.	2.02	1	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	2.02	1	0
Duncan Disease [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Lymphoproliferative Disorders Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.	2.02	1	0
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	2.02	1	0
Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.	2.02	1	0
Hypopharyngeal Cancer [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Cancer of Oropharnyx [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Tracheal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the TRACHEA.	2.02	1	0
Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the HYPOPHARYNX.	2.02	1	0
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OROPHARYNX.	2.41	2	0
Bone Marrow Diseases Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.	5.01	3	3
Neoplasms, Skull Base [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Thoracic Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.	2.44	2	0
Hypercoagulability [description not available]	3.41	1	1
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	3.41	1	1
Thrombophilia A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.	3.41	1	1
Soft Tissue Neoplasms Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.	4.62	3	2
Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.	4.06	3	1
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	2.03	1	0
Psoriasis Arthropathica [description not available]	4.07	3	1
Arthritis, Psoriatic A type of inflammatory arthritis associated with PSORIASIS, often involving the axial joints and the peripheral terminal interphalangeal joints. It is characterized by the presence of HLA-B27-associated SPONDYLARTHROPATHY, and the absence of rheumatoid factor.	4.07	3	1
Neoplasms, Bronchial [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Bronchial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.	2.03	1	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	6.62	11	2
Peritoneal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.	3.42	1	1
Carcinoma, Papillary A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.42	2	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	3.42	1	1
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	3.42	1	1
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Cancer of Endocrine Gland [description not available]	2.95	1	0
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS.	2.95	1	0
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	2.03	1	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	2.04	1	0
Hepatic Veno Occlusive Disease [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease Liver disease that is caused by injuries to the ENDOTHELIAL CELLS of the vessels and subendothelial EDEMA, but not by THROMBOSIS. Extracellular matrix, rich in FIBRONECTINS, is usually deposited around the HEPATIC VEINS leading to venous outflow occlusion and sinusoidal obstruction.	2.04	1	0
Jaundice, Cholestatic [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Jaundice, Obstructive Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.	2.04	1	0
Dermatitis, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Radiodermatitis A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.	2.41	2	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Arthritis, Post-Infectious [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	2.03	1	0
Arthritis, Reactive An aseptic, inflammatory arthritis developing secondary to a primary extra-articular infection, most typically of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or UROGENITAL SYSTEM. The initiating trigger pathogens are usually SHIGELLA; SALMONELLA; YERSINIA; CAMPYLOBACTER; or CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Reactive arthritis is strongly associated with HLA-B27 ANTIGEN.	2.03	1	0
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Cytomegalovirus Infections Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.	2.04	1	0
Cancer of Sigmoid [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Nelson Syndrome A syndrome characterized by HYPERPIGMENTATION, enlarging pituitary mass, visual defects secondary to compression of the OPTIC CHIASM, and elevated serum ACTH. It is caused by the expansion of an underlying ACTH-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA that grows in the absence of feedback inhibition by adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS, usually after ADRENALECTOMY.	1.96	1	0
Neoplasms, Pleural [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Adenoma, Acidophil A benign tumor, usually found in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, whose cells stain with acid dyes. Such pituitary tumors may give rise to excessive secretion of growth hormone, resulting in gigantism or acromegaly. A specific type of acidophil adenoma may give rise to nonpuerperal galactorrhea. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.36	2	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	1.96	1	0
Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Infections, Listeria [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	2.88	4	0
Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.	1.96	1	0
Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Chondrocalcinosis Presence of CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE in the connective tissues such as the cartilaginous structures of joints. When accompanied by GOUT-like symptoms, it is referred to as pseudogout.	1.96	1	0
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	2.87	4	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	2.87	4	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	3.2	6	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	3.2	6	0
ATLL [description not available]	6.77	5	1
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.	6.77	5	1
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	2.9	1	0
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	2.9	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	3.31	2	0
Autoimmune Thyroiditis [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.68	3	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.	1.98	1	0
Anemia, Splenic [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Carcinoma, Colloid [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	1.98	1	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	2.9	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	2.9	1	0
AIDS Seroconversion [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	2.9	1	0
Human T-lymphotropic Virus 1 Infection [description not available]	2.9	1	0
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.	2.9	1	0
HTLV-I Infections Diseases caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1.	2.9	1	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	1.98	1	0
Bacteriuria The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.	1.98	1	0
Infarct [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Angor Pectoris [description not available]	3.79	2	1
Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.	3.79	2	1
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Abdominal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.	3.29	2	0
Cancer of the Tonsil [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Tonsillar Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PALATINE TONSIL.	1.99	1	0
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	3.38	1	1
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES; SEZARY SYNDROME; LYMPHOMATOID PAPULOSIS; and PRIMARY CUTANEOUS ANAPLASTIC LARGE CELL LYMPHOMA are the best characterized of these disorders.	3.38	1	1
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma [description not available]	2	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Follicular An adenocarcinoma of the thyroid gland, in which the cells are arranged in the form of follicles. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2	1	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	2.39	2	0
AIDS-Associated Lymphoma [description not available]	3.38	1	1
Lymphoma, AIDS-Related B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. Patients often present with an advanced stage of disease and highly malignant subtypes including BURKITT LYMPHOMA; IMMUNOBLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA; PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA; and DIFFUSE, LARGE B-CELL, LYMPHOMA. The tumors are often disseminated in unusual extranodal sites and chromosomal abnormalities are frequently present. It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation.	3.38	1	1
Paralysis, Legs [description not available]	2	1	0
Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available]	2	1	0
Paraplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.	2	1	0
Duodenal Diseases Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).	2	1	0
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2	1	0
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).	2.01	1	0
Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.	2.01	1	0
Gelineau Syndrome [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Narcolepsy A condition characterized by recurrent episodes of daytime somnolence and lapses in consciousness (microsomnias) that may be associated with automatic behaviors and AMNESIA. CATAPLEXY; SLEEP PARALYSIS, and hypnagogic HALLUCINATIONS frequently accompany narcolepsy. The pathophysiology of this disorder includes sleep-onset rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which normally follows stage III or IV sleep. (From Neurology 1998 Feb;50(2 Suppl 1):S2-S7)	1.95	1	0
Postpartum Amenorrhea [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Sterility, Female [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Galactorrhea Excessive or inappropriate LACTATION in females or males, and not necessarily related to PREGNANCY. Galactorrhea can occur either unilaterally or bilaterally, and be profuse or sparse. Its most common cause is HYPERPROLACTINEMIA.	1.95	1	0
Amenorrhea Absence of menstruation.	2.35	2	0
Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.	1.95	1	0
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	1.95	1	0
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Diabetes Insipidus A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.	2.64	3	0
Adenocarcinoma, Alveolar [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Angiosarcoma [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar A carcinoma derived from epithelium of terminal bronchioles, in which the neoplastic tissue extends along the alveolar walls and grows in small masses within the alveoli. Involvement may be uniformly diffuse and massive, or nodular, or lobular. The neoplastic cells are cuboidal or columnar and form papillary structures. Mucin may be demonstrated in some of the cells and in the material in the alveoli, which also includes denuded cells. Metastases in regional lymph nodes, and in even more distant sites, are known to occur, but are infrequent. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	1.95	1	0
Hemangiosarcoma A rare malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating, anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels and lining irregular blood-filled or lumpy spaces. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.95	1	0
Cancer of Nose [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Myeloproliferative Disorders Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.	1.95	1	0
Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.	4.25	4	1
Cancer of Lip [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Eyelid Neoplasms Tumors of cancer of the EYELIDS.	1.95	1	0
Hydrarthrosis Accumulation of watery fluid in the cavity of a joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.57	3	0
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	2.36	2	0
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	1.95	1	0
Bone Cysts Benign unilocular lytic areas in the proximal end of a long bone with well defined and narrow endosteal margins. The cysts contain fluid and the cyst walls may contain some giant cells. Bone cysts usually occur in males between the ages 3-15 years.	1.95	1	0
Synovial Cyst Non-neoplastic tumor-like lesions at joints, developed from the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE of a joint through the JOINT CAPSULE into the periarticular tissues. They are filled with SYNOVIAL FLUID with a smooth and translucent appearance. A synovial cyst can develop from any joint, but most commonly at the back of the knee, where it is known as POPLITEAL CYST.	2.65	3	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	2.36	2	0
Carcinoma, Brown-Pearce A transplantable EPITHELIAL CELL neoplasm of rabbits.	1.95	1	0
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial [description not available]	2.87	1	0
Carcinoma in Situ A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.	2.87	1	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	1.95	1	0
Aspergillus Infection [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Pachymeningitis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	1.95	1	0
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)	1.95	1	0
Lymphangiectasis A transient dilatation of the lymphatic vessels.	1.95	1	0
Paronychia An inflammatory reaction involving the folds of the skin surrounding the fingernail. It is characterized by acute or chronic purulent, tender, and painful swellings of the tissues around the nail, caused by an abscess of the nail fold. The pathogenic yeast causing paronychia is most frequently Candida albicans. Saprophytic fungi may also be involved. The causative bacteria are usually Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Streptococcus. (Andrews' Diseases of the Skin, 8th ed, p271)	1.95	1	0
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.	1.95	1	0
Sweat Gland Diseases Diseases of the SWEAT GLANDS.	1.95	1	0
Thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).	1.95	1	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	1.95	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	1.95	1	0
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	1.95	1	0
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	1.95	1	0
Adiadochokinesis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Cerebellar Ataxia Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90)	1.95	1	0
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	2.36	2	0
Anasarca [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.	1.95	1	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	1.95	1	0
Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.	1.95	1	0
Pregnancy in Diabetes [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	1.95	1	0
Diseases of Endocrine System [description not available]	2.89	1	0
Endocrine System Diseases Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.	2.89	1	0
Carcinoma, Bronchial [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.	1.98	1	0
Carcinosarcoma A malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma and sarcoma so extensively intermixed as to indicate neoplasia of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.98	1	0
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.	1.97	1	0
Adenohypophyseal Hyposecretion [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Hypopituitarism Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions.	2.66	3	0
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Spinal Diseases Diseases involving the SPINE.	1.97	1	0
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.	1.97	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	1.97	1	0
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.	1.96	1	0

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