nitinol profile

nitinol: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Ti; do not confuse with titanium nickelide; other nitinols (nitinol SE and nitinol 55) are Co-Ni-Ti alloys [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	3081502
MeSH ID	M0061509

Synonym
ec 610-765-8
nikel, compound with titanium (1:1)
52013-44-2
nitinol
nickel;titanium

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Nitinol is a shape-memory alloy that has many diverse applications in the field of orthopedics. "	( The Use of Shape-Memory Alloy Staples (Nitinol) in the Treatment of Pubic Symphyseal Disruptions: Clinical Results and Radiographic Outcomes. DeGenova, DT; McGrath, K; Passias, BJ; Taylor, BC; Verre, JJ, 2022)	2.43
"Nitinol is an alloy of nickel and titanium and is commonly used in implantable medical devices because of its biocompatibility and memory-shape properties."	( Endobronchial Valve Treatment Does Not Cause Significant Nickel Deposition in Lung Tissue. Klooster, K; Pouwels, SD; Roodenburg, SA; Slebos, DJ; Touw, DJ, 2023)	1.63
"Nitinol is a suitable material for passive middle ear prosthesis."	( Nitinol in Passive Ossicular Reconstruction-First Results From Temporal Bone Experiments. Beutner, D; Bevis, N; Effertz, T; Pazen, D; Schwarz, D, 2020)	3.44
"Nitinol is an excellent candidate material for developing various self-expanding endovascular devices due to its unique properties such as superelasticity, biocompatibility and shape memory effect. "	( Assessment of mechanical and biocompatible performance of ultra-large nitinol endovascular devices fabricated via a low-energy laser joining process. Chen, Y; Chun, Y; Elsisy, M; Go, C; Shayan, M; Tillman, BW, 2021)	2.3
"Nitinol is a shape memory alloy that can be programmed to the shape of a patient-specific anatomy by means of thermal treatment.In this work, a methodology to produce a nitinol patient-specific distractor is presented: computer tomography images of a 16-month-old patient with unicoronal craniosynostosis were processed to create a 3-dimensional model of his skull and define the ideal shape postsurgery."	( Proof of Concept Study for the Design, Manufacturing, and Testing of a Patient-Specific Shape Memory Device for Treatment of Unicoronal Craniosynostosis. Borghi, A; Dunaway, D; Jeelani, O; Ponniah, A; Rodgers, W; Schievano, S, 2018)	1.2
"Nitinol is a commonly used material in cardiovascular medical devices. "	( Impact of nitinol stent surface processing on in-vivo nickel release and biological response. Lucas, AD; Malkin, E; Nagaraja, S; Stafford, PR; Sullivan, SJL, 2018)	2.33
"Nitinol is a newly developed biomaterial that is gaining popularity in many biomedical applications. "	( Bioactivity and platelet adhesion study of a human thrombomodulin-immobilized nitinol surface. Lin, JC; Yeh, HY, 2009)	2.02
"Nitinol is an interesting and promising suture."	( Biomechanical testing of a shape memory alloy suture in a meniscal suture model. Fortis, AP; Kostopoulos, V; Lamprakis, AA; Vlasis, K, 2009)	1.07
"Nitinol is a promising biomaterial based on its remarkable shape changing capacity, biocompatibility, and resilient mechanical properties. "	( A preliminary study of bending stiffness alteration in shape changing nitinol plates for fracture fixation. Barcikowski, S; Gösling, T; Hurschler, C; Müller, CW; Olender, G; Pfeifer, R, 2011)	2.05
"Nitinol is an alloy of great interest in general and especially in the biomedical field where many researches are aimed to improve both its corrosion resistance and its biocompatibility. "	( Induction heating vs conventional heating for the hydrothermal treatment of nitinol and its subsequent 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl 2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphate coating by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Barthélémy, B; Delhalle, J; Devillers, S; Mekhalif, Z, 2011)	2.04
"Nitinol is an alloy that serves as the base for numerous medical devices, including the GORE TAG Thoracic Endoprosthesis (W.L. "	( Hypothermia severely effects performance of nitinol-based endovascular grafts in vitro. Gendron, ML; Hagberg, R; Nilson, MC; Pomposelli, FB; Robich, MP; Rodriguez, R; Schermerhorn, ML; Sellke, FW, 2012)	2.08
"Nitinol (NiTi) is a promising new tendon suture material with good strength, easy handling and good super-elastic properties. "	( Biocompatibility and strength properties of nitinol shape memory alloy suture in rabbit tendon. Kallioinen, M; Kujala, S; Pajala, A; Pramila, A; Ryhänen, J; Tuukkanen, J, 2004)	2.03
"Nitinol is an alloy of Nickel + Titanium, belonging to the class of the so-called smart materials, i.e."	( The heat-activated stapes prosthesis 'SMart' Piston: technique and preliminary results. Amadori, M; Babighian, G; Caltran, S; Ciccolella, M; Fontana, M; Zen, M, 2007)	1.06
"The nitinol stent is a self-expandable spiral stent made of nickel-titanium alloy. "	( Results of the new nitinol self-expandable stents for distal biliary structures. Huibregtse, K; Smits, M; Tytgat, G, 1995)	1.18
"The nitinol plug is a braided multilayered vascular occlusion device filled with thrombogenic polyester fibers. "	( The nitinol vascular occlusion plug: preliminary experimental evaluation in peripheral veins. Amplatz, K; Gu, X; Sharafuddin, MJ; Urness, M, 1999)	1.42
"Nitinol is a promising implant material in orthopedics, but its biocompatibility, especially in long-term implantation is not confirmed yet."	( Behaviour of nitinol in osteoblast-like ROS-17 cell cultures. Danilov, A; Ilvesaro, J; Kapanen, A; Lehenkari, P; Ryhänen, J; Tuukkanen, J, 2002)	1.41
"Nitinol is an equiatomic alloy of nickel and titanium which has been attracting increasing interest in the field of biomedical engineering. "	( Comparative cell culture effects of shape memory metal (Nitinol), nickel and titanium: a biocompatibility estimation. Besselink, PA; Bijma, A; de Zeeuw, GR; Kaulesar Sukul, DM; Putters, JL, 1992)	1.97

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The Nitinol piston has a distinct advantage over conventional prostheses, providing an easier, safer and more effective treatment option in otosclerosis surgery. "	( Superiority of nitinol piston over conventional prostheses in stapes surgery: first comparative results in the Chinese population in Taiwan. Kuo, CL; Shiao, AS; Wang, MC, 2010)	1.27
"Nitinol has been widely used in the biomedical field, including orthopedics, vascular stents, orthodontics, and other medical devices."	( Nitinol: From historical milestones to functional properties and biomedical applications. Alipour, S; Ghomi, ER; Ramakrishna, S; Singh, S; Taromian, F; Zare, M, 2022)	2.89
"Nitinol has been experimented with for use in the arterial tree since the 1980s namely because of its uniquely elastic mechanical properties, which were ideal for sustaining its shape within an anatomic area prone to positional variability."	( Interwoven nitinol stents for the treatment of infrainguinal peripheral arterial disease. Baril, DT; Lu, E; Sadri, L, 2023)	2.02
"Nitinol has shape memory capabilities and can be used for distal actuation accessed from small lumen and a tortuous path."	( Nitinol actuated soft structures towards transnasal drug delivery: a pilot cadaver study. Lim, CM; Ren, H; Sivaperuman Kalairaj, M; Yeow, BS, 2020)	2.72
"Nitinol springs have been shown to lengthen intestines in rats and pigs."	( Feasibility and scalability of spring parameters in distraction enterogenesis in a murine model. Dubrovsky, G; Dunn, JCY; Huynh, N; Rouch, JD; Scott, A; Shekherdimian, S; Stelzner, M, 2017)	1.18
"The nitinol powder has high biocapability with cells showed no cytotoxicity and well cell adhesion in the in vivo assay."	( Nitinol powders generate from Plasma Rotation Electrode Process provide clean powder for biomedical devices used with suitable size, spheroid surface and pure composition. Chiba, A; Hsu, TI; Li, YP; Tsai, MH; Wei, CM; Wu, LD, 2018)	2.4
"Nitinol has been shown to generate durable compression under loading via pseudoelastic shape memory. "	( Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis Utilizing a Titanium Intramedullary Nail With an Internal Pseudoelastic Nitinol Compression Element: A Retrospective Case Series of 33 Patients. Ellington, JK; Ford, SE; Kwon, JY, 2019)	2.17
"Nitinol has found particular use in the biomedical community because of its excellent fatigue resistance and biocompatibility, with special interest in neurosurgical applications."	( Shape memory alloys: metallurgy, biocompatibility, and biomechanics for neurosurgical applications. Amar, AP; Hoh, BL; Hoh, DJ; Wang, MY, 2009)	1.07
"The Nitinol piston has a distinct advantage over conventional prostheses, providing an easier, safer and more effective treatment option in otosclerosis surgery. "	( Superiority of nitinol piston over conventional prostheses in stapes surgery: first comparative results in the Chinese population in Taiwan. Kuo, CL; Shiao, AS; Wang, MC, 2010)	1.27
"The nitinol stent has proven superior primary patency than balloon angioplasty in superficial femoral artery (SFA) lesions, but a systematic comparison of the patency of 2 different nitinol stents (S.M.A.R.T. "	( Retrospective multicentre analysis of S.M.A.R.T. vs. Luminexx nitinol stent implantation for superficial femoral artery lesions (REAL SL) Registry. 5 years' experience. Dohi, T; Fujita, M; Hirano, K; Iida, O; Muramatsu, T; Nagata, S; Nanto, S; Nobuyoshi, M; Okamoto, S; Soga, Y; Uematsu, M; Yokoi, H, 2011)	1.17
"Nitinol wires have been widely used in many biomedical applications, such as cardiovascular stent due to their superelasticity and shape memory effect. "	( The intrinsically high pitting corrosion resistance of mechanically polished nitinol in simulated physiological solutions. Bai, Z; Rotermund, HH, 2011)	2.04
"Nitinol stents have been used in the treatment of benign tracheal stenosis. "	( Nitinol stents in the treatment of benign proximal tracheal stenosis or tracheomalacia. Irvine, BW; Isa, AY; Macandie, C, 2006)	3.22
"Nitinol has many applications in the medical device industry, however the large amount of nickel, a known allergen and carcinogen remains a serious concern. "	( Analysis of the effects of surface treatments on nickel release from nitinol wires and their impact on candidate gene expression in endothelial cells. Carroll, WM; McLucas, E; Rochev, Y; Smith, TJ, 2008)	2.02
"Nitinol stent has some remarkable advantages as compared with other tracheal stents. "	( Nitinol alloy endotracheal stent for treatment of tracheal stenosis. Huang, X; Liu, Y; Sun, Y; Zhou, N, 1997)	3.18
"nitinol has the properties of thermal shape memory and superelasticity that make it ideal for many vascular and general surgical prostheses and disposables, and for various commercial applications."	( Nitinol - its use in vascular surgery and other applications. Barras, CD; Myers, KA, 2000)	3.19

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"Nitinol and SS do not cause more irritation than the effects of surgery alone and the 2 materials seem to be biocompatible in the bladder. "	( Biocompatibility of nitinol and stainless steel in the bladder: an experimental study. Balakrishnan, N; Damaser, MS; Lin, DL; Uvelius, B; Zaszczurynski, P, 2005)	2.09

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Implantation of nitinol stents proved to be an effective and safe method of palliating severe dysphagia in patients with obstructing esophageal cancer."	( Palliative treatment of obstructing esophageal cancer with nitinol stents: value, safety, and long-term results. Lammer, J; Niederle, B; Schöfl, R; Thurnher, S; Wildling, R; Winkelbauer, FW, 1996)	0.88
" Both the supernatant and precipitate of the corrosive products of nitinol wire were toxic to the primary cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells."	( The cytotoxicity of corrosion products of nitinol stent wire on cultured smooth muscle cells. Chen, YL; Chung, KH; Kwok, CF; Lai, ST; Lin, SJ; Shih, CC; Su, YY; Wu, GJ, 2000)	0.81
" No patient has had a staple dislodge or move during the follow-up period (mean 11 months, range 3-36 months), and no adverse effects specifically from the staples have been identified."	( An innovative technique of vertebral body stapling for the treatment of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a feasibility, safety, and utility study. Balsara, RK; Betz, RR; Clements, DH; D'Andrea, LP; Kim, J; Mulcahey, MJ, 2003)	0.32
"The data demonstrate that vertebral body stapling for the treatment of scoliosis in the adolescent was feasible and safe in this group of 21 patients."	( An innovative technique of vertebral body stapling for the treatment of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a feasibility, safety, and utility study. Balsara, RK; Betz, RR; Clements, DH; D'Andrea, LP; Kim, J; Mulcahey, MJ, 2003)	0.32
" MR imaging in patients with Neuroform stent-treated aneurysms is safe and feasible."	( MR safety and imaging of neuroform stents at 3T. Cross, DT; Derdeyn, CP; Moran, CJ; Nehra, A, 2004)	0.32
"A survey regarding implant usage, MRI procedures, and adverse outcomes after MRI in patients previously undergoing stapes procedures."	( Safety of magnetic resonance imaging of stapes prostheses. Syms, MJ, 2005)	0.33
": Three adverse outcomes were reported on the clinical survey."	( Safety of magnetic resonance imaging of stapes prostheses. Syms, MJ, 2005)	0.33
"This study demonstrates that the TrapEase permanent IVC filter is a safe and an effective device with low complication rates and is best used in patients with thromboembolic disease with a high risk of PE."	( The mid-term efficacy and safety of a permanent nitinol IVC filter(TrapEase). Choo, IW; Choo, SW; Do, YS; Jeon, YH; Kim, DI; Kim, DK; Kim, YW; Liu, WC; Park, KB; Shin, SW, )	0.39
" Thus, the findings indicated that it would be safe for a patient with these implants to undergo MRI at 3 T or lower."	( Septal repair implants: evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging safety at 3 T. Shellock, FG; Valencerina, S, 2005)	0.33
" Morphological evaluation of the native cell cultures revealed no toxic reactions."	( Toxicity of used orthodontic archwires assessed by three-dimensional cell culture. Mohebbian, N; Vande Vannet, B; Wehrbein, H, 2006)	0.33
"DUS, a safe and reliable method for determining the safety and efficacy of access site closure devices, is a reliable, safe, inexpensive and accurate method of assessing vascular access site complications in multicenter trials."	( The safety and efficacy of the StarClose Vascular Closure System: the ultrasound substudy of the CLIP study. Braden, G; Cannon, L; Chou, TM; DiDonato, K; Fletcher, DR; Hadley, G; Hermiller, JB; Hinohara, T; Jaff, MR; Reisman, M; Simonton, C; Zapien, M, 2006)	0.33
"Endoscopic partial stent-in-stent deployment with multiple JOSTENT SelfX prostheses is effective and safe for the treatment of malignant hilar biliary stricture even in patients receiving chemotherapy."	( Endoscopic deployment of multiple JOSTENT SelfX is effective and safe in treatment of malignant hilar biliary strictures. Fujii, M; Fukatsu, H; Harada, R; Hirao, K; Ishida, E; Kato, H; Kawamoto, H; Kurihara, N; Mizuno, O; Nakanishi, T; Ogawa, T; Sakaguchi, K; Tsutsumi, K, 2008)	0.35
"Blunt dissection achieves safe access into the mediastinum."	( Feasibility and safety of endoscopic transesophageal access and closure using a Maryland dissector and a self-expanding metal stent. Caca, K; Rothstein, RI; Schmidt, A; Vassiliou, MC; von Renteln, D, 2011)	0.37
" Complete necropsy, hematology, and serum chemistry revealed no adverse effects associated with the paclitaxel-coated stents."	( Polymer-free paclitaxel-coated Zilver PTX Stents--evaluation of pharmacokinetics and comparative safety in porcine arteries. Dake, MD; Ragheb, AO; Van Alstine, WG; Zhou, Q, 2011)	0.37
"In a select group of patients, vascular closure using a extravascular closure device (Starclose) appears to be safe for arterial cannulations at or near the bifurcation."	( Efficacy and safety of the nitinol clip-based vascular closure device (Starclose) for closure of common femoral arterial cannulation at or near the bifurcation: a propensity score-adjusted analysis. Bangalore, S; Liu, CB; Resnic, FS; Shah, PB; Vidi, VD, 2011)	0.67
"Placement of a new non-foreshortening nitinol enteral stent is safe and without major complications."	( Safety and efficacy of a new non-foreshortening nitinol stent in malignant gastric outlet obstruction (DUONITI study): a prospective, multicenter study. Bruno, MJ; Dijkgraaf, MG; Fockens, P; Jeurnink, SM; Siersema, PD; van Hooft, JE; van Montfoort, ML, 2011)	0.9
" There were no adverse events at discharge or at six months."	( Assessment of the safety and performance of the STENTYS self-expanding coronary stent in acute myocardial infarction: results from the APPOSITION I study. Amoroso, G; García-García, HM; Hauptmann, KE; Manzo-Silberman, S; Serruys, PW; Spaargaren, R; Spaulding, C; van Geuns, RJ; Verheye, S, 2011)	0.37
"This study shows that the use of the STENTYS® self-expanding stent is safe and feasible in STEMI patients."	( Assessment of the safety and performance of the STENTYS self-expanding coronary stent in acute myocardial infarction: results from the APPOSITION I study. Amoroso, G; García-García, HM; Hauptmann, KE; Manzo-Silberman, S; Serruys, PW; Spaargaren, R; Spaulding, C; van Geuns, RJ; Verheye, S, 2011)	0.37
" There were no paclitaxel-related adverse events reported."	( Nitinol stents with polymer-free paclitaxel coating for lesions in the superficial femoral and popliteal arteries above the knee: twelve-month safety and effectiveness results from the Zilver PTX single-arm clinical study. Bosiers, M; Dake, MD; Fanelli, F; Kavteladze, Z; Lottes, AE; Ragheb, AO; Ruhlmann, C; Scheinert, D; Tepe, G; Tessarek, J; Zeller, T, 2011)	1.81
"These results indicate that the Zilver PTX drug-eluting stent is safe for treatment of patients with de novo and restenotic lesions of the above-the-knee femoropopliteal segment."	( Nitinol stents with polymer-free paclitaxel coating for lesions in the superficial femoral and popliteal arteries above the knee: twelve-month safety and effectiveness results from the Zilver PTX single-arm clinical study. Bosiers, M; Dake, MD; Fanelli, F; Kavteladze, Z; Lottes, AE; Ragheb, AO; Ruhlmann, C; Scheinert, D; Tepe, G; Tessarek, J; Zeller, T, 2011)	1.81
"The field of interventional cardiovascular MRI is hampered by the unavailability of active guidewires that are both safe and conspicuous."	( MRI active guidewire with an embedded temperature probe and providing a distinct tip signal to enhance clinical safety. Bell, JA; Faranesh, AZ; Franson, DN; Halabi, M; Kocaturk, O; Lederman, RJ; Ozturk, C; Saikus, CE; Sonmez, M, 2012)	0.38
" We therefore need not rely on prediction to ensure safe clinical operation."	( MRI active guidewire with an embedded temperature probe and providing a distinct tip signal to enhance clinical safety. Bell, JA; Faranesh, AZ; Franson, DN; Halabi, M; Kocaturk, O; Lederman, RJ; Ozturk, C; Saikus, CE; Sonmez, M, 2012)	0.38
" Otherwise, no procedure or device related adverse events occurred."	( Safety and performance of the Spider™ patent foramen ovale occluder. Bäcker, C; Bertog, SC; Edwards-Lehr, T; Franke, J; Hofmann, I; Piechaud, JF; Sievert, H; Wilson, N; Wunderlich, N, 2013)	0.39
"Initial results with the novel Spider™ PFO occluder show that the device is safe and easy to use for percutaneous closure of PFO."	( Safety and performance of the Spider™ patent foramen ovale occluder. Bäcker, C; Bertog, SC; Edwards-Lehr, T; Franke, J; Hofmann, I; Piechaud, JF; Sievert, H; Wilson, N; Wunderlich, N, 2013)	0.39
" In contrast, tungsten and PEEK braided microcatheters showed potential safe use in MRI."	( Safety of retained microcatheters: an evaluation of radiofrequency heating in endovascular microcatheters with nitinol, tungsten, and polyetheretherketone braiding at 1.5 T and 3 T. Cooke, DL; Dowd, CF; Halbach, VV; Hetts, SW; Higashida, RT; Lillaney, P; Losey, AD; Martin, AJ; Saeed, M; Saloner, DA; Wilson, MW, 2014)	0.61
" Flexible wire-based thrombolytic therapy appears to be a safe and reliable method for thrombus dissolution even in fragile small veins and may become a promising strategy for targeted therapy of small vessel thrombosis."	( A novel hollow and perforated flexible wire allows the safe and effective local application of thrombolytic therapy in a mouse model of deep vein thrombosis. Bode, C; Duerschmied, D; Hehrlein, C; Herr, N; Mauler, M; Stallmann, D; Witsch, T, 2014)	0.4
"Compared to published historical data for superficial femoral artery type A/B lesion stenting using 6-F devices, the 4-F devices applied in this trial showed similar patency at 12 months, fewer access site complications, and shorter manual compression times, supporting the supposition that 4-F endovascular treatment is safe and effective."	( 4-French-compatible endovascular material is safe and effective in the treatment of femoropopliteal occlusive disease: results of the 4-EVER trial. Bosiers, M; Callaert, J; D'Archambeau, O; Deloose, K; Hendriks, J; Keirse, K; Lauwers, P; Peeters, P; Scheinert, D; Torsello, G; Verbist, J, 2013)	0.39
"Stent design may influence the outcomes, suggesting that adverse event rates vary according to free cell area and cell design."	( Safety and biocompatibility of a novel self-expanding nitinol carotid stent with hybrid cell design in a porcine model of neointimal hyperplasia. Beaudry, D; Buszman, PE; Buszman, PP; Janas, A; Jelonek, M; Kiesz, RS; Krauze, A; Król, M; Lapointe, JM; Lecelrc, G; Milewski, K; Nowakowski, P; Orlik, B; Samborski, S; Turek, A; Wojakowski, W, 2015)	0.67
"TIND implantation is a feasible and safe minimally invasive option for the treatment of BPH-related LUTS."	( Temporary implantable nitinol device (TIND): a novel, minimally invasive treatment for relief of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) related to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): feasibility, safety and functional results at 1 year of follow-up. Amparore, D; Bertolo, R; Cattaneo, G; Fiori, C; Garrou, D; Porpiglia, F, 2015)	0.73
"Deployment of the Flow-Redirection Intraluminal Device flow-diverter stent is safe and effective in the treatment of difficult-to-treat or otherwise untreatable intracranial aneurysms."	( The FRED flow-diverter stent for intracranial aneurysms: clinical study to assess safety and efficacy. Bendszus, M; Herweh, C; Jestaedt, L; Möhlenbruch, MA; Pham, M; Ringleb, PA; Schönenberger, S; Stampfl, S, 2015)	0.42
" The secondary endpoints evaluated were: initial arteriographic success, primary patency rate at 6 months, major adverse event rate at one year and technical success."	( Safety and efficacy of the EPIC™ nitinol vascular stent system for the treatment of lesions located in the superficial femoral artery: prospective and multicentric trial. Abath, C; Barros, I; Bez, L; Bortoluzzi, C; Bosiers, M; Burihan, M; Caffaro, R; Cavalcanti, D; Deloose, K; Franklin, R; Galego, G; Ingrund, J; Kambara, A; Karakhanian, WK; Kleinsorge, G; Lopes, C; Lopes, R; Mourão, A; Nasser, F; Neser, A; Park, J; Pinto, D; Pires, N; Razuk, A; Rivera, M; Silveira, P, 2017)	0.74
" Major adverse event rate at 1 year (clinically driven TLR, major amputation, and all-cause mortality) was 15."	( Safety and efficacy of the EPIC™ nitinol vascular stent system for the treatment of lesions located in the superficial femoral artery: prospective and multicentric trial. Abath, C; Barros, I; Bez, L; Bortoluzzi, C; Bosiers, M; Burihan, M; Caffaro, R; Cavalcanti, D; Deloose, K; Franklin, R; Galego, G; Ingrund, J; Kambara, A; Karakhanian, WK; Kleinsorge, G; Lopes, C; Lopes, R; Mourão, A; Nasser, F; Neser, A; Park, J; Pinto, D; Pires, N; Razuk, A; Rivera, M; Silveira, P, 2017)	0.74
" Clinical data including adverse events and clinical status at 1 and 6 months were collected and independently analyzed by a medical monitor."	( Safety and efficacy of aneurysm treatment with WEB: results of the WEBCAST study. Bonafé, A; Byrne, JV; Cognard, C; Costalat, V; Herbreteau, D; Holtmannspötter, M; Januel, AC; Klisch, J; Liebig, T; Molyneux, A; Moret, J; Pierot, L; Spelle, L; Strasilla, C; Sychra, V; Szikora, I; Weber, W, 2016)	0.43
"NiTi CAR 27 is safe and effective for colorectal end-to-end anastomosis."	( Efficacy and safety of a NiTi CAR 27 compression ring for end-to-end anastomosis compared with conventional staplers: A real-world analysis in Chinese colorectal cancer patients. Fan, W; Jiang, W; Li, C; Lin, J; Lu, Z; Pan, Z; Peng, J; Wan, D; Wang, F; Wu, X, 2016)	0.43
"Self-expandable nitinol stents for the treatment of native and recurrent CoA is safe and has good efficacy with acceptable midterm to long-term outcome."	( Midterm to long-term safety and efficacy of self-expandable nitinol stent implantation for coarctation of aorta in adults. Ghazi, P; Haji Zeinali, AM; Qureshi, SA; Sadeghian, M, 2017)	1.04
"Stents can safely be positioned and deployed into the antra of the pulmonary veins without any acute or long-term (3 months) adverse effects."	( A preliminary study of pulmonary vein implant applicability and safety as a potential ablation platform in a follow-up study in pigs. Boussy, T; Clement, E; Cornillie, P; Philpott, M; Schauvliege, S; van Bergen, T; Van Den Broeck, W; Van Langenhove, G; van Loon, G; Vandecasteele, T; Vera, L, 2018)	0.48
" We found that the device was safe and effective."	( First-in-man Safety and Efficacy of the ClearRing Implant for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Engelstein, D; Feld, Y; Leibovitch, I; Mullerad, M; Nitsan, D; Vjaters, E, 2020)	0.56
"Occluders larger than 38 mm in appropriately selected patients are feasible, successful and safe in majority and often require special deployment techniques."	( Feasibility, safety and midterm follow-up of patients after nonsurgical closure of atrial septal defects using very large 40-46 mm nitinol septal occluders. Bhattacharjya, S; Sivakumar, K; Viswambaran, B, 2019)	0.72
" In terms of 12-month major amputation and all-cause mortality, DA was the most safe treatment, whereas NS placement was the least safe single treatment."	( Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Endovascular Treatment Modalities for Femoropopliteal Artery Lesions: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Ai, W; Li, Q; Li, Y; Lin, S; Wang, J; Xiao, J; Zhang, Z; Zhou, Y, 2020)	0.56
" Secondary outcomes included placement success, ease of placement, safety as measured by adverse events, and tolerability assessed by discontinuation rate and bleeding and spotting patterns."	( Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of a New Low-Dose Copper and Nitinol Intrauterine Device: Phase 2 Data to 36 Months. Dart, C; Katz, B; Nelson, AL; Peters, K; Schreiber, CA; Schreifels, MJ; Turok, DK, 2020)	0.8
"67]) and 10 serious adverse events; none were study-related."	( Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of a New Low-Dose Copper and Nitinol Intrauterine Device: Phase 2 Data to 36 Months. Dart, C; Katz, B; Nelson, AL; Peters, K; Schreiber, CA; Schreifels, MJ; Turok, DK, 2020)	0.8
" The primary safety endpoint was procedural major adverse cardiac events [composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI), or urgent target vessel revascularization]."	( Safety and efficacy of the NovaCross microcatheter in facilitating crossing of chronic total occlusion coronary lesions: a multicenter, single-arm clinical trial. Assali, A; Bryniarski, L; Dudek, D; Goodwin, M; Hanratty, CG; Karmpaliotis, D; Knaapen, P; Kornowski, R; McEntegart, M; Nicholson, W; Spratt, JC; Uretsky, B; Walsh, SJ, 2020)	0.56
"Stenting of the femoropopliteal artery diseases using the Smartflex stent appeared to be safe and effective."	( Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Helical Self-Expanding Nitinol Stent for Femoropopliteal Artery Obliterans Disease. Chen, G; Chen, Y; Fu, W; Guo, D; Hong, S; Hong, X; Huang, Y; Lin, Y; Lu, W; Shi, Z; Wang, L, 2021)	0.87

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Our study focuses on elucidating the effects of surface micropatternings with micropores and microgrooves combined with plasma nanocoating."	( Investigation of surface endothelialization on biomedical nitinol (NiTi) alloy: Effects of surface micropatterning combined with plasma nanocoatings. Bai, M; Chen, L; Lee, J; Li, H; Shen, Y; Wang, G; Yu, P; Yu, Q; Zhang, Q, 2009)	0.6
"To evaluate the effectiveness of nitinol memory alloy two foot fixator combined with Kirschner wire in the treatment of trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation."	( [Clinical application of nitinol memory alloy two foot fixator combined with Kirschner wire in treatment of trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation]. He, X; Li, C; Xu, Y; Yang, X; Zhang, X; Zhao, W, 2020)	1.14
"Nitinol memory alloy two foot fixator combined with Kirschner wire in the treatment of trans-scaphoid periosteal dislocation has definite effectiveness, simple operation, and good recovery of wrist function after operation."	( [Clinical application of nitinol memory alloy two foot fixator combined with Kirschner wire in treatment of trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation]. He, X; Li, C; Xu, Y; Yang, X; Zhang, X; Zhao, W, 2020)	2.3

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"2 were used to characterize frequency- and geometry-dependent trends in absorption rate density (ARD), which is proportional to electric field intensity."	( Development of a novel loosely wound helical coil for interstitial radiofrequency thermal therapy. McCann, C; Sherar, MD, 2006)	0.33
" Future implementations may modulate specific absorption rate (SAR) based on temperature feedback."	( MRI active guidewire with an embedded temperature probe and providing a distinct tip signal to enhance clinical safety. Bell, JA; Faranesh, AZ; Franson, DN; Halabi, M; Kocaturk, O; Lederman, RJ; Ozturk, C; Saikus, CE; Sonmez, M, 2012)	0.38
"5 T and 3 T, analyzing the effects of different catheter immersion lengths, specific absorption rate (SAR) levels, short clinical scans, long clinical scans, and microcatheter fragment lengths."	( Safety of retained microcatheters: an evaluation of radiofrequency heating in endovascular microcatheters with nitinol, tungsten, and polyetheretherketone braiding at 1.5 T and 3 T. Cooke, DL; Dowd, CF; Halbach, VV; Hetts, SW; Higashida, RT; Lillaney, P; Losey, AD; Martin, AJ; Saeed, M; Saloner, DA; Wilson, MW, 2014)	0.61
" A variable flip angle scheme was implemented to reduce the specific absorption rate (SAR) and hence device heating."	( Dual echo positive contrast bSSFP for real-time visualization of passive devices during magnetic resonance guided cardiovascular catheterization. Campbell-Washburn, AE; Faranesh, AZ; Hansen, MS; Lederman, RJ; Rogers, T; Xue, H, 2014)	0.4
" Here we use low specific absorption rate (SAR) imaging from gradient echo spiral acquisitions and a commercial nitinol guidewire for CMR fluoroscopy right heart catheterization in patients."	( Right heart catheterization using metallic guidewires and low SAR cardiovascular magnetic resonance fluoroscopy at 1.5 Tesla: first in human experience. Campbell-Washburn, AE; Grant, EK; Grant, LP; Herzka, DA; Khan, JM; Lederman, RJ; Mazal, JR; McGuirt, DR; Ramasawmy, R; Rogers, T; Schenke, WH; Stine, AM, 2018)	0.69

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" In conclusion, PLGA-coated vancomycin-loaded NT-covered NiTi can be effectively used as a controlled drug-delivery device, while having a drug-release dosage within the therapeutic window and a minimal negative effect on biocompatibility."	( PLGA-coated drug-loaded nanotubes anodically grown on nitinol. Barabadi, Z; Davoodian, F; Salahinejad, E; Sharifi, E; Tayebi, L, 2020)	0.81

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	53 (2.29)	18.7374
1990's	227 (9.80)	18.2507
2000's	677 (29.23)	29.6817
2010's	1079 (46.59)	24.3611
2020's	280 (12.09)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	223 (9.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	138 (5.57%)	6.00%
Case Studies	330 (13.32%)	4.05%
Observational	26 (1.05%)	0.25%
Other	1,760 (71.05%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
catechol [no description available]	2.41	1	0	catechols	allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.79	3	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.31	1	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	2.02	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.71	3	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	1.97	1	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
formamide formimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.. primary carboxamide : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2.	2.08	1	0	carboximidic acid; formamides; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	solvent
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	7.1	1	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	2.41	1	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	15.03	193	10	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	2.08	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
hydroxide ion [no description available]	2.41	1	0	oxygen hydride	mouse metabolite
thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.	2.17	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.	2.02	1	0	sulfur oxoacid	catalyst
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	7.44	10	3	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
cetyl alcohol cetyl alcohol: has been used for eczema, skin irritations; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hexadecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of sixteen carbon atoms.. hexadecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is hexadecane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.17	1	0	hexadecanol; long-chain primary fatty alcohol	algal metabolite; flavouring agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite
cilostazol [no description available]	6.34	4	2	lactam; tetrazoles	anticoagulant; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; fibrin modulating drug; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	2.03	1	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.99	4	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	2.11	1	0
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	2.41	2	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	4.67	6	1	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iopromide iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.	3.14	5	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; nephrotoxic agent; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	3.47	1	1	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.01	1	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	2	1	0	benzamides; hydrazines	antineoplastic agent
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	6.42	8	2	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	2.03	1	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	7.44	2	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	2	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	2.11	1	0	guanidines
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	2.21	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
alizarin [no description available]	2.07	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	chromophore; dye; plant metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	2.03	1	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.	3.51	1	0	gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	3.14	5	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
peracetic acid Peracetic Acid: A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.. peracetic acid : A peroxy acid that is acetic acid in which the OH group is substituted by a hydroperoxy group. It is a versatile oxidising agent that is used as a disinfectant.	3.51	1	0	a peroxy acid	disinfectant; oxidising agent
penicillanic acid Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.	2.11	1	0	penicillanic acids
dilactide dilactide: structure given in first source	2.25	1	0	dioxanes
triethylene glycol dimethacrylate [no description available]	3.47	1	1
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.81	3	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
thiazoles [no description available]	2.01	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.	3.47	1	1	enoate ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	3.32	6	0
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.02	1	0	alkali metal hydroxide
hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.	7.07	1	0	hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	2.25	1	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
carbenicillin Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.	2.17	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	2.48	2	0	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	4.33	7	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
niobium Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb.	7.96	4	0	vanadium group element atom
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	3.46	1	1	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	6.32	19	2	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
rhenium Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.	2.01	1	0	manganese group element atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	7.47	2	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
tantalum Tantalum: A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices.	8.89	12	0	vanadium group element atom
thulium Thulium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93.	7.11	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	15.91	226	12	titanium group element atom
tungsten Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.	7.43	2	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.	2.52	2	0	monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom	food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	2.93	4	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.71	3	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	4.1	12	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.	2.41	1	0	monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom	food packaging gas
holmium Holmium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ho, atomic number 67, and atomic weight 164.93.	7.71	3	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	2.59	2	0	titanium group element atom
barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.	2.02	1	0	barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate	radioopaque medium
sodium thiosulfate sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2.17	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antifungal drug; nephroprotective agent
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	3.47	1	1	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	3.67	9	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
technetium 99m Technegas: ultrafine ventilatory agent; produced from technetium pertechnetate and graphite in an argon environment	1.99	1	0	technetium atom
fluorides [no description available]	2.78	3	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).	2.07	1	0	organic calcium salt
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	2.11	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	14.09	49	9	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	2.02	1	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.11	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	1.98	1	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	2.39	2	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	2.25	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.	6.42	8	2	methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	2.07	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.01	1	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.	2.75	3	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iridium radioisotopes Iridium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of iridium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ir atoms with atomic weights 182-190, 192, and 194-198 are radioactive iridium isotopes.	2	1	0
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	3.42	7	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
cadmium telluride cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device	2.13	1	0
mci 9038 [no description available]	2.03	1	0	peptide
titanium nitride (tin) titanium nitride: RN given refers to unspecified MF	2.04	1	0
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.03	1	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	9.24	17	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	2.5	2	0	oligopeptide
polytrimethylene carbonate trimethylene carbonate: structure in first source	2.25	1	0
methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate: structure given in first source	3.47	1	1
dimethylsulfonioacetate dimethylthetin: synthetic analog of glycine betaine; structure in first source	2.41	1	0	sulfonium betaine
nickel monoxide [no description available]	2.51	2	0
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	2.21	1	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
delrin delrin: linear polyoxymethylene type acetal resin made by polymerization of formaldehyde; RN refers to multi-polymer	2.11	1	0
bortezomib [no description available]	2.17	1	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
povidone-iodine Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.	2.6	1	0
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	3.31	6	0	peptide
bradykinin [no description available]	2.01	1	0	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.25	1	0	cyclodextrin
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	2.03	1	0	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
s 1033 [no description available]	2.21	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; imidazoles; pyridines; pyrimidines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
iothalamate meglumine Iothalamate Meglumine: A radiopaque medium used for urography, angiography, venography, and myelography. It is highly viscous and binds to plasma proteins.	2.02	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
tecoflex Tecoflex: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF	1.98	1	0
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	3.89	2	0	long-chain fatty acid
bilirubin [no description available]	3.83	2	1	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	2.01	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
etretinate retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.	1.98	1	0	enoate ester; ethyl ester; retinoid	keratolytic drug
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	17.78	22	8	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	3.78	3	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.55	2	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	2.17	1	0	boron group element atom
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	3.19	5	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	2.48	2	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	2.15	1	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	2.13	1	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
shellac shellac: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.47	1	1
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	4.45	8	0	gadolinium coordination entity	MRI contrast agent
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.15	1	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	2.43	2	0
indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.	2.31	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
oligonucleotides [no description available]	2.6	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	2.06	1	0	glycoside
sodium salicylate [no description available]	2.11	1	0	organic molecular entity
chitosan [no description available]	3.08	4	0
umirolimus umirolimus: sirolimus derivative from a biodegradable polylactic acid polymer; possesses enhanced anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activity with an improved pharmacokinetic profile; structure in first source	5.06	3	1	lactam; macrolide
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.	9.77	8	0	inorganic sodium salt	bleaching agent; disinfectant
sodium pertechnetate tc 99m Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.	1.99	1	0
piperacillin, tazobactam drug combination Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination: An antibiotic combination product of piperacillin and tazobactam, a penicillanic acid derivative with enhanced beta-lactamase inhibitory activity, that is used for the intravenous treatment of intra-abdominal, pelvic, and skin infections and for community-acquired pneumonia of moderate severity. It is also used for the treatment of PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTIONS.	2.11	1	0
gadofosveset trisodium gadofosveset trisodium: a low molecular weight molecule chelated to Gadolinium, that strongly binds to plasma proteins; Vasovist is an injectable for imaging the vascular system by magnetic resonance angiography	2.06	1	0
intrinsic factor Intrinsic Factor: A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.	2.41	1	0
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	13.22	32	10
glycolipids [no description available]	2.25	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.15	1	0
brass [no description available]	2.03	1	0
hirudin Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.	2.01	1	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	2.15	1	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	2.63	2	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Peripheral Arterial Diseases [description not available]	19.35	198	58
Peripheral Arterial Disease Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.	19.35	198	58
Blood Clot [description not available]	15.04	38	2
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	10.04	38	2
Ache [description not available]	5.88	8	3
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	5.88	8	3
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	18.09	134	83
Chest Injuries [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Blunt Injuries [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Flail Chest A complication of multiple RIB FRACTURES; RIB and STERNUM fractures, or thoracic surgery. A portion of the THORACIC WALL becomes isolated from the RIB CAGE and exhibits paradoxical respiration.	2.41	1	0
Rib Fractures Fractures of any of the RIBS.	2.41	1	0
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm [description not available]	13.21	70	7
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	13.21	70	7
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	13.19	27	9
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	13.19	27	9
Atheroma [description not available]	10.78	10	2
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	20.76	63	50
Lower Urinary Tract Symptom [description not available]	12.02	17	6
Aneurysm, Arteriovenous [description not available]	6.05	10	1
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	20.95	273	104
Graft Occlusion, Vascular Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.	16.42	98	35
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	20.95	273	104
Biliary Calculi [description not available]	3.1	4	0
Biliary or Urinary Stones [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Gallstones Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.	3.1	4	0
Coarctation of Aorta [description not available]	5.78	7	1
Aortic Coarctation A birth defect characterized by the narrowing of the AORTA that can be of varying degree and at any point from the transverse arch to the iliac bifurcation. Aortic coarctation causes arterial HYPERTENSION before the point of narrowing and arterial HYPOTENSION beyond the narrowed portion.	5.78	7	1
Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.	9.24	17	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	14.78	87	9
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	14.78	87	9
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	5.98	13	2
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	15.48	120	20
Eye Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the eye.	2.82	2	0
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	15.48	120	20
Fusiform Aneurysm Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	7.23	33	1
Aneurysm Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.	7.23	33	1
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available]	19.76	202	65
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.	19.76	202	65
Recrudescence [description not available]	21.11	257	143
Anal Fistula [description not available]	5.95	4	2
Ureteral Calculi Stones in the URETER that are formed in the KIDNEY. They are rarely more than 5 mm in diameter for larger renal stones cannot enter ureters. They are often lodged at the ureteral narrowing and can cause excruciating renal colic.	5.45	14	1
Esophageal Stricture [description not available]	10.27	56	5
Esophageal Stenosis A stricture of the ESOPHAGUS. Most are acquired but can be congenital.	10.27	56	5
Cancer of Gallbladder [description not available]	5.12	5	2
Gallbladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.	5.12	5	2
Polyarthritis [description not available]	2.61	2	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	2.61	2	0
Short Bowel Syndrome A malabsorption syndrome resulting from extensive operative resection of the SMALL INTESTINE, the absorptive region of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.	3.38	6	0
Impotence [description not available]	4.91	1	1
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.	4.91	1	1
Aneurysm, Thoracic Aortic [description not available]	9.42	35	1
Aortic Dissection [description not available]	11.24	20	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the THORACIC AORTA. This proximal descending portion of aorta gives rise to the visceral and the parietal branches above the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	9.42	35	1
Bone Cancer [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	2.41	1	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	3.34	6	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	3.34	6	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	5	8	1
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	3.29	6	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	5	8	1
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	3.97	4	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	3.97	4	0
Dehiscence, Surgical Wound [description not available]	3.96	12	0
Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available]	9.99	22	4
Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.	9.99	22	4
Apoplexy [description not available]	14.77	59	22
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available]	13.84	38	17
Chylopericardium [description not available]	3.52	4	0
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.	18.84	38	17
Pericardial Effusion Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.	3.52	4	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	19.77	59	22
Tracheal Stenosis A pathological narrowing of the TRACHEA.	8.64	52	2
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Atrial Septal Defect [description not available]	7.83	36	2
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	2.6	1	0
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	3.22	5	0
Aortic Stenosis [description not available]	9.23	25	2
Aortic Valve Stenosis A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.	9.23	25	2
Arrhythmia [description not available]	5.31	3	1
Intraventricular Septal Defects [description not available]	5.15	10	1
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	5.31	3	1
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect.	5.15	10	1
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	3.52	1	0
Parodontosis [description not available]	3.52	1	0
Gingivitis Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.	3.7	3	0
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	3.52	1	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	3.52	1	0
Centriacinar Emphysema [description not available]	7.12	7	2
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	3.58	8	0
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	2.6	1	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	3.58	8	0
Root Resorption Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)	10	9	3
Bone Fractures [description not available]	6.9	10	1
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	6.9	10	1
Femoral Fractures Fractures of the femur.	2.6	1	0
Segond Fracture [description not available]	2.83	3	0
Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA.	2.83	3	0
Neointima The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.	12.96	20	4
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling [description not available]	2.55	2	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	5.39	13	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	10.39	13	1
Cockett Syndrome [description not available]	3.28	5	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	2.71	3	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	2.71	3	0
Vascular Calcification Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.	9.91	12	4
Chondromalacia of Trachea [description not available]	3.04	4	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	10.99	27	8
Cancer of Digestive System [description not available]	6.38	8	5
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	10.99	27	8
Digestive System Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.	6.38	8	5
Postthrombotic Syndrome A condition caused by one or more episodes of DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS, usually the blood clots are lodged in the legs. Clinical features include EDEMA; PAIN; aching; heaviness; and MUSCLE CRAMP in the leg. When severe leg swelling leads to skin breakdown, it is called venous STASIS ULCER.	4.65	8	0
Hallux Abductovalgus [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Hallux Valgus Lateral displacement of the great toe (HALLUX), producing deformity of the first METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT with callous, bursa, or BUNION formation over the bony prominence.	2.25	1	0
Tooth Fractures Break or rupture of a tooth or tooth root.	3.08	4	0
Deafness, Transitory [description not available]	4.17	3	1
Otospongiosis [description not available]	8.08	28	2
Otosclerosis Formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth capsule which can progress toward the STAPES (stapedial fixation) or anteriorly toward the COCHLEA leading to conductive, sensorineural, or mixed HEARING LOSS. Several genes are associated with familial otosclerosis with varied clinical signs.	8.08	28	2
Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.	4.17	3	1
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	2.25	1	0
Bleeding [description not available]	6.55	17	1
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	6.55	17	1
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2.98	4	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	2.98	4	0
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	8.53	22	3
Cerebral Arteriosclerosis [description not available]	10.86	11	10
Intracranial Arteriosclerosis Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.	10.86	11	10
Scoliosis An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)	5.02	9	1
Prosthesis Durability [description not available]	16.19	135	25
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	14.71	55	49
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	14.71	55	49
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	10.49	23	7
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	10.49	23	7
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	3.94	4	0
Peptic Ulcer Perforation Penetration of a PEPTIC ULCER through the wall of DUODENUM or STOMACH allowing the leakage of luminal contents into the PERITONEAL CAVITY.	2.25	1	0
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	8.94	4	0
Inguinal Hernia [description not available]	5.64	6	3
Hernia, Inguinal An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.	5.64	6	3
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery [description not available]	9.63	39	2
Intracranial Aneurysm Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (	9.63	39	2
Bone Stress Reaction [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Inferior Dislocation [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Fractures, Ununited A fracture in which union fails to occur, the ends of the bone becoming rounded and eburnated, and a false joint occurs. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.98	4	0
Adverse Effects, Long Term [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Coronary Occlusion Complete blockage of blood flow through one of the CORONARY ARTERIES, usually from CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	3.64	1	1
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	4.45	2	2
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	4.45	2	2
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (ARTERIAL INTIMA) of arteries including the AORTA and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, and HYPERTENSION.	9.35	4	1
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	3.88	4	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	3.88	4	0
Superior Vena Cava Obstruction [description not available]	3.35	6	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	12.46	40	18
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	12.46	40	18
Angle's Classification [description not available]	10.84	24	12
Malocclusion Such malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth as to interfere with the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)	10.84	24	12
Hypercoagulability [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Thrombophilia A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.	7.31	1	0
Mitral Incompetence [description not available]	11.02	18	2
Mitral Valve Insufficiency Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.	11.02	18	2
Aneurysm, Ruptured The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.	4.34	7	0
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	3.67	3	0
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	3.67	3	0
Esophageal Varices [description not available]	7.74	3	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	4.36	7	0
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.	6.15	6	2
Esophageal and Gastric Varices Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).	2.74	3	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	4.36	7	0
Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.	6.15	6	2
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	6.57	18	3
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	6.57	18	3
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.31	1	0
Coronary Restenosis Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.	11.29	22	7
Eye Injuries, Penetrating Deeply perforating or puncturing type intraocular injuries.	2.31	1	0
Epiretinal Membrane A membrane on the vitreal surface of the retina resulting from the proliferation of one or more of three retinal elements: (1) fibrous astrocytes; (2) fibrocytes; and (3) RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM. Localized epiretinal membranes may occur at the posterior pole of the eye without clinical signs or may cause marked loss of vision as a result of covering, distorting, or detaching the FOVEA CENTRALIS. Epiretinal membranes may cause vascular leakage and secondary retinal edema. In younger individuals some membranes appear to be developmental in origin and occur in otherwise normal eyes. The majority occur in association with RETINAL HOLES, ocular concussions, retinal inflammation, or after ocular surgery. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p291)	7.31	1	0
Hypermobility, Joint [description not available]	2.82	3	0
Macular Holes [description not available]	7.31	1	0
Retinal Perforations Perforations through the whole thickness of the retina including the macula as the result of inflammation, trauma, degeneration, etc. The concept includes retinal breaks, tears, dialyses, and holes.	2.31	1	0
Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available]	7.69	34	1
Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)	7.69	34	1
Greater Tuberosity Fractures [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Humeral Fractures Fractures of the HUMERUS.	2.44	2	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	2.31	1	0
ACL Injuries [description not available]	3.7	1	1
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	3.7	1	1
Endoleak Postoperative hemorrhage from an endovascular AORTIC ANEURYSM repaired with endoluminal placement of stent grafts (BLOOD VESSEL PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION). It is associated with pressurization, expansion, and eventual rupture of the aneurysm.	3.82	10	0
Aneurysm, Iliac [description not available]	6.29	13	1
Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.96	4	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.96	4	0
Embolus [description not available]	6.99	12	1
Embolism Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.	6.99	12	1
Hemothorax Hemorrhage within the pleural cavity.	2.15	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	4.14	3	1
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	3.31	6	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	3.31	6	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	2.15	1	0
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	5.6	10	0
Foreign-Body Migration Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body.	8.46	55	0
Anterior Urethral Stricture [description not available]	4.92	8	1
Urethral Stricture Narrowing of any part of the URETHRA. It is characterized by decreased urinary stream and often other obstructive voiding symptoms.	4.92	8	1
Cutaneous Fistula An abnormal passage or communication leading from an internal organ to the surface of the body.	2.54	2	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	2.15	1	0
Patent Foramen Ovale [description not available]	7	10	3
Foramen Ovale, Patent A condition in which the FORAMEN OVALE in the ATRIAL SEPTUM fails to close shortly after birth. This results in abnormal communications between the two upper chambers of the heart. An isolated patent ovale foramen without other structural heart defects is usually of no hemodynamic significance.	7	10	3
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	10.05	9	1
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.15	1	0
ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction [description not available]	2.84	3	0
Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	9.25	19	4
Coronary Thrombosis Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	2.43	2	0
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction A clinical syndrome defined by MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA symptoms; persistent elevation in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; and release of BIOMARKERS of myocardial NECROSIS (e.g., elevated TROPONIN levels). ST segment elevation in the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	2.84	3	0
Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction A myocardial infarction that does not produce elevations in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM. ST segment elevation of the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction).	2.15	1	0
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	9.25	19	4
Acute Coronary Syndrome An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	3.45	2	0
Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus [description not available]	8.64	20	3
Ductus Arteriosus, Patent A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth.	8.64	20	3
Periodontitis, Acute Nonsuppurative [description not available]	3.47	2	0
Periapical Periodontitis Inflammation of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE. It includes general, unspecified, or acute nonsuppurative inflammation. Chronic nonsuppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL GRANULOMA. Suppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL ABSCESS.	3.47	2	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	4.35	7	0
Aortitis Syndrome [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	4.35	7	0
Takayasu Arteritis A chronic inflammatory process that affects the AORTA and its primary branches, such as the brachiocephalic artery (BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK) and CAROTID ARTERIES. It results in progressive arterial stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysm formation. The pulse in the arm is hard to detect. Patients with aortitis syndrome often exhibit retinopathy.	2.17	1	0
Coronary Artery Stenosis [description not available]	7.69	13	3
Coronary Stenosis Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.	7.69	13	3
Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	3.16	5	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Cholecystoduodenal Fistula [description not available]	3.42	2	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	2.48	2	0
Acrocephaly Premature closing of the lambdoid and coronal sutures.	2.17	1	0
Craniosynostoses Premature closure of one or more CRANIAL SUTURES. It often results in plagiocephaly. Craniosynostoses that involve multiple sutures are sometimes associated with congenital syndromes such as ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLIA; and CRANIOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS.	2.17	1	0
Intermittent Claudication A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.	23.16	172	73
Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Pneumothorax An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.	2.46	2	0
Brittle Bone Disease [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Osteogenesis Imperfecta COLLAGEN DISEASES characterized by brittle, osteoporotic, and easily fractured bones. It may also present with blue sclerae, loose joints, and imperfect dentin formation. Most types are autosomal dominant and are associated with mutations in COLLAGEN TYPE I.	7.15	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	6.36	59	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	3.12	5	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	8.12	5	0
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available]	17.83	139	50
Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.	17.83	139	50
Canine Diseases [description not available]	4.94	8	1
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	10.01	56	6
Fibroid [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Emesis [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	10.01	56	6
Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.	7.17	1	0
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	2.47	2	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	4.4	4	1
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	4.4	4	1
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	6.14	6	1
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	6.14	6	1
Artificial Intra-ocular Implant Dislocation [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Pseudophakia Presence of an intraocular lens after cataract extraction.	2.25	1	0
Venous Insufficiency Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle.	2.78	3	0
Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).	4.63	9	0
Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available]	7.08	11	3
Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.	7.08	11	3
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Capillary Telangiectasia, Brain [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Benign Intracranial Hypertension [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Pseudotumor Cerebri A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS).	2.17	1	0
Vascular Injuries [description not available]	5.34	7	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Cancer of the Ureter [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.	2.17	1	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	2.17	1	0
Ureteral Neoplasms Cancer or tumors of the URETER which may cause obstruction leading to hydroureter, HYDRONEPHROSIS, and PYELONEPHRITIS. HEMATURIA is a common symptom.	2.17	1	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	9.03	12	6
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	9.03	12	6
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	4.78	2	1
Urinary Retention Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION).	3.09	1	0
Infections, Prosthesis-Related [description not available]	8.86	7	4
Urethral Obstruction Partial or complete blockage in any part of the URETHRA that can lead to difficulty or inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER. It is characterized by an enlarged, often damaged, bladder with frequent urges to void.	3.86	4	0
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Brain Emboli [description not available]	9.22	15	6
Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.	2.17	1	0
Odontalgia [description not available]	6.98	4	0
Toothache Pain in the adjacent areas of the teeth.	6.98	4	0
Aortic Incompetence [description not available]	6	9	1
Aortic Valve Insufficiency Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root).	6	9	1
Apertognathia [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Abnormalities, Cardiovascular [description not available]	2.57	2	0
Aperture Syndrome, Thoracic Outlet [description not available]	2.73	3	0
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome A neurovascular syndrome associated with compression of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS; SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY; and SUBCLAVIAN VEIN at the superior thoracic outlet. This may result from a variety of anomalies such as a CERVICAL RIB, anomalous fascial bands, and abnormalities of the origin or insertion of the anterior or medial scalene muscles. Clinical features may include pain in the shoulder and neck region which radiates into the arm, PARESIS or PARALYSIS of brachial plexus innervated muscles, PARESTHESIA, loss of sensation, reduction of arterial pulses in the affected extremity, ISCHEMIA, and EDEMA. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp214-5).	7.73	3	0
Cardiovascular Abnormalities Congenital, inherited, or acquired anomalies of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, including the HEART and BLOOD VESSELS.	2.57	2	0
Coronary Vessel Anomalies Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coronary arteries; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; CORONARY ANEURYSM; MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING; and others.	2.21	1	0
Vascular Fistula An abnormal passage between two or more BLOOD VESSELS, between ARTERIES; VEINS; or between an artery and a vein.	2.21	1	0
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.	2.17	1	0
Asymptomatic Conditions [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	2.55	2	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	2.52	2	0
Tricuspid Incompetence [description not available]	2.82	3	0
Intestinal Perforation Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.	2.98	4	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	5.61	6	1
Claw Toe [description not available]	8.03	4	0
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.	2.21	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	2.21	1	0
Entrapment Neuropathies [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	2.58	2	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	4.09	5	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	4.09	5	0
Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction [description not available]	3.5	2	0
Dysphagia [description not available]	9.2	36	4
Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.	3.47	2	0
Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.	9.2	36	4
Ulna Fractures Fractures of the larger bone of the forearm.	3.35	2	0
Radius Fractures Fractures of the RADIUS.	4.79	4	0
Conductive Hearing Loss [description not available]	3.46	7	0
Arteriovenous Malformations Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the CAPILLARIES. They usually are crooked, dilated, and with thick vessel walls. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula. The lack of blood flow and oxygen in the capillaries can lead to tissue damage in the affected areas.	2.49	2	0
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia [description not available]	7.49	2	0
Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic An autosomal dominant vascular anomaly characterized by telangiectases of the skin and mucous membranes and by recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. This disorder is caused by mutations of a gene (on chromosome 9q3) which encodes endoglin, a membrane glycoprotein that binds TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA.	2.49	2	0
Pancreatic Pseudocyst Cyst-like space not lined by EPITHELIUM and contained within the PANCREAS. Pancreatic pseudocysts account for most of the cystic collections in the pancreas and are often associated with chronic PANCREATITIS.	2.21	1	0
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	2.07	1	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	2.73	3	0
Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.	2.46	2	0
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	2.73	3	0
Pleural Diseases Diseases involving the PLEURA.	2.75	3	0
Bronchial Fistula An abnormal passage or communication between a bronchus and another part of the body.	2.75	3	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	6.29	13	1
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	6.3	20	2
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	5.71	19	1
Bronchial Diseases Diseases involving the BRONCHI.	4.46	22	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	6.3	20	2
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	5.71	19	1
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	5.69	10	2
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	5.69	10	2
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.	7.49	18	3
Ciliary Dyskinesia [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Ciliary Motility Disorders Conditions caused by abnormal CILIA movement in the body, usually causing KARTAGENER SYNDROME, chronic respiratory disorders, chronic SINUSITIS, and chronic OTITIS. Abnormal ciliary beating is likely due to defects in any of the 200 plus ciliary proteins, such as missing motor enzyme DYNEIN arms.	2.08	1	0
Compression Fractures [description not available]	3.85	2	1
Hangman Fracture [description not available]	3.85	2	1
Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column.	3.85	2	1
Osteoporotic Fractures Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS.	2.1	1	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	6.55	7	1
Pain, Chronic [description not available]	3.47	1	1
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	4.75	3	2
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	4.75	3	2
Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.	3.47	1	1
Carditis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	2.1	1	0
Complication, Intraoperative [description not available]	4.44	8	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	5.44	14	1
Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied.	3	1	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	3.34	2	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	3.34	2	0
Pleuropericarditis Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA.	2.08	1	0
Cardiac Tamponade Compression of the heart by accumulated fluid (PERICARDIAL EFFUSION) or blood (HEMOPERICARDIUM) in the PERICARDIUM surrounding the heart. The affected cardiac functions and CARDIAC OUTPUT can range from minimal to total hemodynamic collapse.	2.76	3	0
Pericarditis Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.	2.08	1	0
Aortic Valve Disease 1 [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	3.32	6	0
Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease Congenital heart valve defects where the AORTIC VALVE has two instead of normal three cusps. It is often associated with AORTIC REGURGITATION and AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY.	2.49	2	0
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	3.32	6	0
Thromboembolism Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.	12.65	23	17
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	2.08	1	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.08	1	0
Duodenal Obstruction Hindrance of the passage of luminal contents in the DUODENUM. Duodenal obstruction can be partial or complete, and caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Simple obstruction is associated with diminished or stopped flow of luminal contents. Strangulating obstruction is associated with impaired blood flow to the duodenum in addition to obstructed flow of luminal contents.	6.6	11	1
Apple Peel Small Bowel Syndrome [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Injuries, Tendon [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Lacerations Torn, ragged, mangled wounds.	2.81	3	0
Loeys-Dietz Aortic Aneurysm Syndrome Loeys-Dietz Syndrome with aortic aneurysm or dissection.	2.11	1	0
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	2.11	1	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	5.37	7	2
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	3.47	1	1
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	5.37	7	2
Femur Neck Fractures [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Femoral Neck Fractures Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. It excludes intertrochanteric fractures which are HIP FRACTURES.	2.1	1	0
Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.	3.35	2	0
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	2.44	2	0
Jaundice, Cholestatic [description not available]	5.51	8	2
Jaundice, Obstructive Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.	5.51	8	2
Vascular Malformations A spectrum of congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities in BLOOD VESSELS that can adversely affect the normal blood flow in ARTERIES or VEINS. Most are congenital defects such as abnormal communications between blood vessels (fistula), shunting of arterial blood directly into veins bypassing the CAPILLARIES (arteriovenous malformations), formation of large dilated blood blood-filled vessels (cavernous angioma), and swollen capillaries (capillary telangiectases). In rare cases, vascular malformations can result from trauma or diseases.	2.1	1	0
Tracheal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the TRACHEA.	3.53	8	0
Bile Duct Diseases Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.	2.1	1	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	5.88	4	2
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	5.88	4	2
Gastric Outlet Obstruction The hindering of output from the STOMACH into the SMALL INTESTINE. This obstruction may be of mechanical or functional origin such as EDEMA from PEPTIC ULCER; NEOPLASMS; FOREIGN BODIES; or AGING.	7.92	17	3
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	2.47	2	0
Kidney Stones [description not available]	5.91	13	2
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.	5.91	13	2
Periimplantitis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Mucositis An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).	2.1	1	0
Peri-Implantitis An inflammatory process with loss of supporting bone in the tissues surrounding functioning DENTAL IMPLANTS.	2.1	1	0
Varices [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Varicose Veins Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.	2.77	3	0
Anterior Cervical Pain [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Degenerative Disc Disease [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Ectopic Ossification [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Nerve Root Avulsion [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Radiculopathy Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.	2.1	1	0
Neck Pain Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck.	2.1	1	0
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates.	2.77	3	0
Angle Class II [description not available]	4.34	4	1
Tooth Eruption, Ectopic An abnormality in the direction of a TOOTH ERUPTION.	2.1	1	0
Cholangitis Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.	4.16	3	1
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	3.42	7	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	3.42	7	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	3.5	1	1
Anastomotic Leak Breakdown of the connection and subsequent leakage of effluent (fluids, secretions, air) from a SURGICAL ANASTOMOSIS of the digestive, respiratory, genitourinary, and cardiovascular systems. Most common leakages are from the breakdown of suture lines in gastrointestinal or bowel anastomosis.	4.95	4	2
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	3.5	1	1
Injuries, Teeth [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Esophageal Diseases Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS.	2.77	3	0
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	2.47	2	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	4.41	1	1
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	4.89	8	1
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	4.89	8	1
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	2.11	1	0
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.	2.11	1	0
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	9.36	18	5
Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available]	4.8	2	1
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	9.36	18	5
Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.	4.8	2	1
Acute Mesenteric Arterial Embolus [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion Obstruction of the flow in the SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION by ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; STENOSIS; TRAUMA; and compression or intrinsic pressure from adjacent tumors. Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (From Juergens et al., Peripheral Vascular Diseases, 5th ed, pp295-6)	2.11	1	0
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	2.46	2	0
Aneurysm, Aortic [description not available]	5.21	11	1
Aortic Aneurysm An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.	5.21	11	1
Granulomas [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Tracheal Diseases Diseases involving the TRACHEA.	3.53	8	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	2.13	1	0
Aneurysm, False Not an aneurysm but a well-defined collection of blood and CONNECTIVE TISSUE outside the wall of a blood vessel or the heart. It is the containment of a ruptured blood vessel or heart, such as sealing a rupture of the left ventricle. False aneurysm is formed by organized THROMBUS and HEMATOMA in surrounding tissue.	5.44	14	1
Aneurysm, Bacterial [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Drug Abuse, Intravenous [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Leg Ulcer Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.	2.11	1	0
Charcot's Joint [description not available]	3.03	1	0
Ankle Injuries Harm or hurt to the ankle or ankle joint usually inflicted by an external source.	3.03	1	0
Arthropathy, Neurogenic Chronic progressive degeneration of the stress-bearing portion of a joint, with bizarre hypertrophic changes at the periphery. It is probably a complication of a variety of neurologic disorders, particularly TABES DORSALIS, involving loss of sensation, which leads to relaxation of supporting structures and chronic instability of the joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.03	1	0
Day Blindness [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Itching [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	2.11	1	0
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	2.11	1	0
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	2.13	1	0
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)	2.75	3	0
Avian Diseases [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Cardiac Cancer [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Cells, Neoplasm Circulating [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Leiomyosarcoma A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)	2.11	1	0
Angle Class I [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Esophageal Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the ESOPHAGUS. The most common type is TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA between the esophagus and the TRACHEA.	8.53	8	0
Emphysema A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.	4.79	2	1
Fractures, Comminuted A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed into a number of pieces.	2.49	2	0
Breathlessness [description not available]	3.87	4	0
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	3.87	4	0
Injuries, Knee [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Knee Injuries Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.	2.15	1	0
Gastric Fistula Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.	3.42	2	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Mycosis Fungoides A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.	2.13	1	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.13	1	0
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.48	2	0
Renal Nutcracker Phenomenon [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available]	3.16	5	0
Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.	2.15	1	0
Diverticula [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Systolic Heart Failure [description not available]	3.04	1	0
Heart Failure, Systolic Heart failure caused by abnormal myocardial contraction during SYSTOLE leading to defective cardiac emptying.	3.04	1	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	5.1	10	0
Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.	8.62	9	0
Carcinoma, Bronchial [description not available]	4.1	3	1
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.	4.1	3	1
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	3.53	8	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	2.15	1	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2.46	2	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	6.87	19	4
Colonic Diverticulosis [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	6.87	19	4
Foreign-Body Reaction Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.	5.11	10	1
Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.	2.44	2	0
Urinary Lithiasis [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Urolithiasis Formation of stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT, usually in the KIDNEY; URINARY BLADDER; or the URETER.	2.04	1	0
Basilar Steal Syndrome [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Back Ache [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Back Pain Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.	3.43	1	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.7	3	0
Burns, Chemical Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.	2.44	2	0
Respiratory Tract Fistula An abnormal passage communicating between any component of the respiratory tract or between any part of the respiratory system and surrounding organs.	2.95	4	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	5.49	8	2
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	5.49	8	2
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round blue cells, granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small (oat) cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	2.05	1	0
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).	2.05	1	0
Esophagotracheal Fistula [description not available]	8.12	5	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic [description not available]	5.83	8	3
Biliary Fistula Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs.	3.34	2	0
Pulmonary Stenoses [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Bronchomalacia A congenital or acquired condition of underdeveloped or degeneration of CARTILAGE in the BRONCHI. This results in a floppy bronchial wall making patency difficult to maintain. It is characterized by wheezing and difficult breathing.	2.05	1	0
Nasal Bleeding [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Equine Diseases [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Epistaxis Bleeding from the nose.	7.05	1	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	2.43	2	0
Catheter-Associated Infections [description not available]	7.47	4	4
Leriche Syndrome A condition caused by occlusion of terminal aorta, the primary branches of the ABDOMINAL AORTA, as in aortoiliac obstruction. Leriche syndrome usually occurs in males and is characterized by IMPOTENCE, absence of a pulse in the femoral arteries, weakness and numbness in the lower back, buttocks, hips, and lower limbs.	2.05	1	0
Biliary Tract Cancer [description not available]	6.28	7	2
Biliary Tract Neoplasms Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	6.28	7	2
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	2.05	1	0
Precordial Catch [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Chest Pain Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.	2.44	2	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	7.49	18	3
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	7.49	18	3
Cancer of Duodenum [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	3.38	2	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	3.38	2	0
Stasis Ulcer [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Varicose Ulcer Skin breakdown or ulceration in the drainage area of a VARICOSE VEIN, usually in the leg.	2.06	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	2.05	1	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	2.05	1	0
Carotid Artery Thrombosis Blood clot formation in any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES. This may produce CAROTID STENOSIS or occlusion of the vessel, leading to TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; or AMAUROSIS FUGAX.	2.69	3	0
Linear Skull Fracture [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Closed Head Injuries [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).	2.46	2	0
Pelvic Pain Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin.	2.05	1	0
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	2.05	1	0
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	2.05	1	0
Blood Loss, Postoperative [description not available]	3.83	2	1
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Anorectal Diseases [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	2.41	2	0
Rectal Diseases Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	2.69	3	0
Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. Common etiologies include trauma, neoplasms, and prior surgery, although the condition may occur spontaneously. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997 Apr;116(4):442-9)	2.05	1	0
Paralysis, Legs [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Paraplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.	2.06	1	0
Common Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumor or cancer of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.	2.71	3	0
Funnel Chest A developmental anomaly in which the lower sternum is posteriorly dislocated and concavely deformed, resulting in a funnel-shaped thorax.	2.41	2	0
Common Bile Duct Diseases Diseases of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.	6.9	5	2
Colloid Cysts Benign, congenital, neuroepithelial cysts that are typically filled with a viscous mucus. They usually arise in the anterior portion of the THIRD VENTRICLE between the fornices.	2.06	1	0
Teeth, Impacted [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Carcinoma in Situ A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.	2.41	2	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	2.99	1	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	2.99	1	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Disc, Herniated [description not available]	4.13	3	1
Intervertebral Disc Displacement An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.	4.13	3	1
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	4.06	5	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	3.83	2	1
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	3.83	2	1
Spondylisthesis [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Cervical Spondylosis [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Spinal Stenosis Narrowing of the spinal canal.	2.07	1	0
Spondylosis A degenerative spinal disease that can involve any part of the VERTEBRA, the INTERVERTEBRAL DISK, and the surrounding soft tissue.	2.07	1	0
Acrania [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Neural Tube Defects Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)	2.07	1	0
Corneal Endothelial Cell Damage [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	2.74	3	0
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	2.08	1	0
Chronic Pancreatitis [description not available]	5.34	2	2
Pancreatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.	5.34	2	2
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	5.56	3	2
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	5.56	3	2
Angina Pectoris, Stable [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Angina, Stable Persistent and reproducible chest discomfort usually precipitated by a physical exertion that dissipates upon cessation of such an activity. The symptoms are manifestations of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA.	2.07	1	0
Dental Leakage The seepage of fluids, debris, and micro-organisms between the walls of a prepared dental cavity and the restoration.	3.47	1	1
Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.	2.07	1	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	2.07	1	0
Sterility, Female [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Uterine Perforation A hole or break through the wall of the UTERUS, usually made by the placement of an instrument or INTRAUTERINE DEVICES.	2.08	1	0
Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.	2.46	2	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	2.08	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	2.08	1	0
Neoplasms, Otorhinolaryngologic [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Ruptured [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	6.03	15	0
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.	2.4	2	0
Crossed Embolism [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.72	3	0
Klatskin Tumor Cholangiocarcinoma arising near or at the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts (COMMON HEPATIC DUCT). These tumors are generally small, sharply localized, and seldom metastasizing.	2.01	1	0
Acid Aspiration Syndrome [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Pneumonia, Aspiration A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	2.01	1	0
Lacrimal Duct Obstruction Interference with the secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. Obstruction of the LACRIMAL SAC or NASOLACRIMAL DUCT causing acute or chronic inflammation of the lacrimal sac (DACRYOCYSTITIS). It is caused also in infants by failure of the nasolacrimal duct to open into the inferior meatus and occurs about the third week of life. In adults occlusion may occur spontaneously or after injury or nasal disease. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p250)	3.4	1	1
Infection, Pelvic [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Hemorrhage, Uterine [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Uterine Hemorrhage Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.	2.01	1	0
Granulomatosis, Wegener's [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Acquired Laryngeal Stenosis [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis A multisystemic disease of a complex genetic background. It is characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels (VASCULITIS) leading to damage in any number of organs. The common features include granulomatous inflammation of the RESPIRATORY TRACT and KIDNEYS. Most patients have measurable autoantibodies (ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODIES) against MYELOBLASTIN.	2.01	1	0
Polychondritis, Chronic Atrophic [description not available]	3.34	2	0
Polychondritis, Relapsing An acquired disease of unknown etiology, chronic course, and tendency to recur. It is characterized by inflammation and degeneration of cartilage and can result in deformities such as floppy ear and saddle nose. Loss of cartilage in the respiratory tract can lead to respiratory obstruction.	3.34	2	0
Carotid Artery Dissection, Internal [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Ileal Diseases Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE.	2.02	1	0
Budd-Chiari Syndrome A condition in which the hepatic venous outflow is obstructed anywhere from the small HEPATIC VEINS to the junction of the INFERIOR VENA CAVA and the RIGHT ATRIUM. Usually the blockage is extrahepatic and caused by blood clots (THROMBUS) or fibrous webs. Parenchymal FIBROSIS is uncommon.	2.02	1	0
Jejunal Diseases Pathological development in the JEJUNUM region of the SMALL INTESTINE.	2.02	1	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	2.02	1	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	2.02	1	0
Osteosclerosis An abnormal hardening or increased density of bone tissue.	4.74	2	1
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	2.02	1	0
Renal Artery Stenosis [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Renal Artery Obstruction Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).	2.02	1	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	2.02	1	0
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Ventral Hernia [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Hernia, Ventral A hernia caused by weakness of the anterior ABDOMINAL WALL due to midline defects, previous incisions, or increased intra-abdominal pressure. Ventral hernias include UMBILICAL HERNIA, incisional, epigastric, and spigelian hernias.	2.02	1	0
Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.	2.02	1	0
Colicky Pain [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.	3.82	2	1
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	2.02	1	0
Sick Sinus Node Syndrome [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Diseases of Pharynx [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	2.02	1	0
Bladder Neck Obstruction [description not available]	5.22	4	3
Urination Disorders Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.	4.38	2	2
Chondromalacia Softening and degeneration of the CARTILAGE.	2.4	2	0
Foreign-Body Granuloma [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Cartilage Diseases Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).	2.4	2	0
Cardiac Septal Defect [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine.	2.72	3	0
Urinary Incontinence Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.	2.43	2	0
Urinary Tract Diseases [description not available]	2.03	1	0
C-C Fistula [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Mandibular Retroposition [description not available]	3.41	1	1
Amaurosis Fugax Transient complete or partial monocular blindness due to retinal ischemia. This may be caused by emboli from the CAROTID ARTERY (usually in association with CAROTID STENOSIS) and other locations that enter the central RETINAL ARTERY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p245)	2.03	1	0
Angiospasm, Intracranial [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Vasospasm, Intracranial Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).	2.03	1	0
Cervix Diseases [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Hematometra Blood-filled UTERUS.	2.03	1	0
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Afferent Loop Syndrome A complication of gastrojejunostomy (BILLROTH II PROCEDURE), a reconstructive GASTROENTEROSTOMY. It is caused by acute (complete) or chronic (intermittent) obstruction of the afferent jejunal loop due to HERNIA, intussusception, kinking, VOLVULUS, etc. It is characterized by PAIN and VOMITING of BILE-stained fluid.	7.03	1	0
Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell A poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in which the nucleus is pressed to one side by a cytoplasmic droplet of mucus. It usually arises in the gastrointestinal system.	2.03	1	0
Angor Pectoris [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.	2.03	1	0
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	2.03	1	0
Circulatory Collapse [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.	2.03	1	0
Cochlear Hearing Loss [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.	2.03	1	0
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Arterio-Arterial Fistula Abnormal communication between two ARTERIES that may result from injury or occur as a congenital abnormality.	2.03	1	0
Angle Class III [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	2.03	1	0
Low Back Ache [description not available]	3.42	1	1
Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.	3.42	1	1
Empyema, Thoracic [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Empyema, Pleural Suppurative inflammation of the pleural space.	2.03	1	0
Abdominal Migraine [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	2.03	1	0
Dyspareunia Recurrent genital pain occurring during, before, or after SEXUAL INTERCOURSE in either the male or the female.	2.03	1	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	2.03	1	0
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Wounds, Stab Penetrating wounds caused by a pointed object.	2.03	1	0
Anomalous Cervical Rib Syndrome [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Vertigo An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)	2.03	1	0
Duodenal Diseases Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).	3.43	1	1
Sigmoid Colon Diseases [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	2.04	1	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	2.04	1	0
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	2.7	3	0
Click-Murmur Syndrome [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Phlegmon [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Cellulitis An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.	2.04	1	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Aortic Arteritis, Giant Cell [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	2.44	2	0
Giant Cell Arteritis A systemic autoimmune disorder that typically affects medium and large ARTERIES, usually leading to occlusive granulomatous vasculitis with transmural infiltrate containing multinucleated GIANT CELLS. The TEMPORAL ARTERY is commonly involved. This disorder appears primarily in people over the age of 50. Symptoms include FEVER; FATIGUE; HEADACHE; visual impairment; pain in the jaw and tongue; and aggravation of pain by cold temperatures. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed)	2.44	2	0
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	2.04	1	0
Hyperhomocysteinemia Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (	2.04	1	0
Neoplasms, Bronchial [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Bronchial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.	2.7	3	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	4.32	4	1
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	4.32	4	1
Cancer of Mediastinum [description not available]	4.07	3	1
Mediastinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM.	4.07	3	1
Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.	1.98	1	0
Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	2.39	2	0
Mucositis, Oral [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Stomatitis INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.	1.98	1	0
Spinal Diseases Diseases involving the SPINE.	1.99	1	0
Varicocele A condition characterized by the dilated tortuous veins of the SPERMATIC CORD with a marked left-sided predominance. Adverse effect on male fertility occurs when varicocele leads to an increased scrotal (and testicular) temperature and reduced testicular volume.	1.98	1	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Abscess, Abdominal [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	1.99	1	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	1.99	1	0
Abdominal Abscess An abscess located in the abdominal cavity, i.e., the cavity between the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	1.99	1	0
Arteriovenous Malformations, Cerebral [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect.	1.99	1	0
Cancer of Sigmoid [description not available]	4.7	2	1
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.	1.99	1	0
Thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).	1.99	1	0
Adenocystic Carcinoma [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.99	1	0
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic [description not available]	2	1	0
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever	2	1	0
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	2.92	1	0
Pyloric Stenosis Narrowing of the pyloric canal with varied etiology. A common form is due to muscle hypertrophy (PYLORIC STENOSIS, HYPERTROPHIC) seen in infants.	2	1	0
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis [description not available]	2	1	0
Peritoneal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.	2	1	0
Fibromuscular Dysplasia An idiopathic, segmental, nonatheromatous disease of the musculature of arterial walls, leading to STENOSIS of small and medium-sized arteries. There is true proliferation of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS and fibrous tissue. Fibromuscular dysplasia lesions are smooth stenosis and occur most often in the renal and carotid arteries. They may also occur in other peripheral arteries of the extremity.	2	1	0
Incompetence, Pulmonary Valve [description not available]	2	1	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.01	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	2	1	0
Congenital Dysplasia Of The Hip [description not available]	2	1	0
Infarct [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	2.01	1	0
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.	1.97	1	0
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.	1.97	1	0

nitinol

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