propagermanium profile

Propagermanium, also known as 2-carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide, is an organogermanium compound that has been marketed as a dietary supplement. It is believed to possess antioxidant properties and is claimed to have various health benefits, including boosting the immune system, improving blood circulation, and inhibiting cancer cell growth. However, scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited and inconclusive. Propagermanium is synthesized by reacting germanium dioxide with 2-chloroethyl carboxylate in the presence of a catalyst. The compound is relatively stable and can be administered orally or intravenously. Its potential benefits are attributed to its ability to enhance the activity of certain enzymes and to stimulate the production of interferon, a protein that plays a role in the immune response. Despite its popularity as a dietary supplement, propagermanium is not approved for medical use in most countries. More research is needed to fully understand its safety and efficacy.'

propagermanium: inhibits the calcium inward currents & the potassium outward currents [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	83030
CHEBI ID	32060
SCHEMBL ID	1650976
MeSH ID	M0183145

Synonym
bis(2-carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide)
smr000058405
MLS000028412
3,3'-(germanoic anhydride) dipropanoic acid
nsc267004
propionic acid,3'-(1,3-dioxodigermoxanylene)di-
dipropanoic acid germanium sequioxide
propanoic acid,3'-[oxybis(oxogermylene)]bis-
propanoic acid,3'-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-digermoxanediyl)bis-
nsc-267004
3,3'-(dioxodigermoxanylene) dipropanoic acid
carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide
3,3'-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-digermoxanediyl)dipropionic acid
3,3'-(1,3-dioxodigermoxane-1,3-diyl)dipropanoic acid
2-carboxyethylgermasesquioxane
CHEBI:32060 ,
brn 4141883
14c-proxigermanium
einecs 235-800-0
ge 132
propanoic acid, 3,3'-(oxybis(oxogermylene))bis-
nsc 267004
ccris 5469
sk 818
propanoic acid, 3,3'-(1,3-dioxo-1,3-digermoxanediyl)bis-
bis-beta-carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide
dihydrogen bis(2-carboxylatoethyl)trioxodigermanate(2-)
carboxylethylgermanium sesquioxide
germanate(2-), bis(2-carboxylatoethyl)trioxodi-, dihydrogen
propionic acid, 3,3'-(1,3-dioxodigermoxanylene)di-
12758-40-6
proxigermanium
propagermanium
D01626
propagermanium (jan)
serocion (tn)
bis(2-carboxyethylgermanium(iv) sesquioxide), 99%
NCGC00164525-01
bis[2-carboxyethylgermanium(iv)] sesquioxide
B1367 ,
3-[[2-carboxyethyl(oxo)germyl]oxy-oxogermyl]propanoic acid
A805716
NCGC00164525-02
2-(carboxyethyl)germanium sesquioxide
unii-1q2p9to9q7
1q2p9to9q7 ,
repagermanium
propagermanium [inn]
repagermanium [inn]
bis(2-carboxyethylgermanium(iv) sesquioxide)
FT-0636767
AKOS015903696
bis (2-carboxyethylgermanium)sesquioxide
126595-07-1
SCHEMBL1650976
DTXSID9065316
beta-carboxyethylgermanium oxide
mfcd00049319
bis(carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide)
sr-01000944781
SR-01000944781-1
AS-70115
3-({[(2-carboxyethyl)(oxo)germyl]oxy}(oxo)germyl)propanoic acid
3-[(2-carboxyethyl-oxogermyl)oxy-oxogermyl]propanoic acid
3,3'-(1,3-dioxodigermoxane-1,3-diyl)dipropionic acid
Q7250075
D88066
3-({[(2-carboxyethyl)(oxo)germyl]oxy(oxo)germyl)propanoic acid
bis(2-carboxyethylgermaniumsesquioxide)
?carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Propagermanium is an organic germanium compound with immunopotentiating activity. "	( Hepatoprotective effect of propagermanium on Corynebacterium parvum and lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice. Hashimoto, H; Ishiwata, Y; Ninomiya, F; Suzuki, T; Yokochi, S, 1998)	2.04

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Propagermanium did not inhibit the multiplication of various DNA or RNA viruses in vitro."	( Studies on the antiviral activity of propagermanium with immunostimulating action. Ishiwata, Y; Mitani, T; Otsuka, T; Suzuki, E; Tasaka, F; Usuda, H; Yokochi, S, 1994)	1.28
"Propagermanium did not inhibit binding of MCP-1 to a human monocytic cell line, THP-1 cells, or affect intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization or the cAMP concentration in MCP-1-treated THP-1 cells."	( An anti-inflammatory drug, propagermanium, may target GPI-anchored proteins associated with an MCP-1 receptor, CCR2. Haino, M; Hashimoto, H; Ishiwata, Y; Matsushima, K; Shimokawa, H; Terashima, Y; Yokochi, S, 2001)	1.33

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Propagermanium treatment decreased body weight gain, visceral fat accumulation, and the size of adipocytes only in db/db mice."	( Inhibition of CCR2 ameliorates insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in db/db mice. Akamizu, T; Arai, H; Ariyasu, H; Kanamori, H; Kita, T; Murayama, T; Ono, K; Sugimoto, M; Tamura, Y; Ueda, Y; Yokode, M, 2008)	1.07
"Propagermanium treatment slightly decreased body weight gain and visceral fat accumulation in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. "	( C-C chemokine receptor 2 inhibitor improves diet-induced development of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mice. Akamizu, T; Arai, H; Ariyasu, H; Kita, T; Minami, M; Murayama, T; Nishikaze, Y; Sugimoto, M; Tamura, Y; Yokode, M, 2010)	1.8
"Propagermanium treatment induced significant inhibition of subsequent TNF-alpha production about 10 h after Con A injection, without affecting IFN-gamma, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4 and IL-12 production."	( Protection against concanavalin A-induced murine liver injury by the organic germanium compound, propagermanium. Hashimoto, H; Ishiwata, Y; Ninomiya, F; Suzuki, T; Yokochi, S, 1998)	1.24

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The distal tubular epithelium after 8 weeks dosage with the 1,500 ppm solution of GeO2 was characterized by vacuolization and deposits of PAS-positive material not only in adriamycin-treated rats, but also in normal rats."	( Influence of propagermanium (SK-818) on chemically induced renal lesions in rats. Asano, K; Haruyama, K; Ikawa, E; Kurono, M; Nakano, K; Wada, O; Yamano, M, 1994)	0.66
" We investigated the rate of narcotic usage and the dosage of same."	( [Effectiveness of Ge-132 to relieve pain and smooth home care administration for the terminal cancer patient]. Dozono, H; Ikeda, K; Onishi, T, 1996)	0.29

Class	Description
organogermanium compound	An organogermanium compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-germanium bond.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	23 (23.47)	18.7374
1990's	30 (30.61)	18.2507
2000's	19 (19.39)	29.6817
2010's	22 (22.45)	24.3611
2020's	4 (4.08)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	3 (2.88%)	5.53%
Reviews	9 (8.65%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	92 (88.46%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
An Investigator Initiated, International Multi-Centre, Multi-Arm, Multi-Stage Randomised Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial of Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) & Chemokine Receptor Type 2 (CCR2) Antagonist for the Treatment of COVID-19 [NCT05122182]	Phase 2	49 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-01-07	Terminated(stopped due to Withdrawal of funding support from the trial funder.)
A Pivotal Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of the Efficacy and Safety of DMX-200 in Patients With Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) Who Are Receiving an Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB) [NCT05183646]	Phase 3	286 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-05-30	Recruiting
A Phase 2a, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Propagermanium in Patients With Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) Who Are Receiving Irbesartan [NCT03649152]	Phase 2	8 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-11-08	Completed
A Phase 2, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Propagermanium in Patients With Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) Who Are Receiving Irbesartan [NCT03627715]	Phase 2	45 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-11-06	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.11	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	2.6	1	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	1.95	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	1.97	1	0	primary amine
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.	2.02	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
brl 42810 [no description available]	3.1	1	0	2-aminopurines; acetate ester	antiviral drug; prodrug
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	1.96	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	2.06	1	0	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	1.98	1	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	2.06	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.	2.06	1	0
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	1.98	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.	2.02	1	0	16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	2.39	2	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	1.96	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.11	1	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
2-aminopurine 2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.	3.1	1	0	2-aminopurines; nucleobase analogue	antimetabolite
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.44	2	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
germanium oxide germanium oxide: has antimutagenic effects; RN given refers to cpd with MF GeO2	4.2	5	0
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	2	1	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	2.11	1	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	2.6	1	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	1.98	1	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.	2.11	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt	astringent
sodium selenite disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.	1.99	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; selenite salt	nutraceutical
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	1.97	1	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
azoxymethane Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.	2.05	1	0
lamivudine [no description available]	3.1	1	0	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	2.17	1	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
dimethylhydrazines Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.	2.39	2	0
ubenimex ubenimex: growth inhibitor	1.96	1	0
arphamenine b arphamenine B: from Chromobacterium violaceum; structure given in second source	1.96	1	0
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.	1.96	1	0	pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion	analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	1.96	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.6	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	1.98	1	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
germanium Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.	12.72	96	3	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	2.39	2	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.15	1	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
3-(trihydroxygermyl)propanoic acid [no description available]	3.04	4	0
arphamenine a arphamenine A: from Chromobacterium violaceum; structure given in second source	1.96	1	0
thymosin Thymosin: Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases, cancer or diseases related to aging.	3.1	1	0
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	2.06	1	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.93	1	0
hypoxanthine [no description available]	2.21	1	0	nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	fundamental metabolite
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.21	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position	1.99	1	0	nitroso compound	alkylating agent
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	7.38	2	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Visceral Pain Pain originating from internal organs (VISCERA) associated with autonomic phenomena (PALLOR; SWEATING; NAUSEA; and VOMITING). It often becomes a REFERRED PAIN.	2.6	1	0
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.	2.6	1	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	2.6	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	8.64	1	1
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	3.64	1	1
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	7.52	2	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.52	2	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	7.71	3	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	3.12	1	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	3.12	1	0
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	7.76	3	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	2.15	1	0
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	2.04	1	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	2.45	2	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	2.45	2	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	2.04	1	0
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	2.04	1	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	2.05	1	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.68	3	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.05	1	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.41	2	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Brain Hemorrhage [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Brain Thrombosis [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.86	4	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	2.07	1	0
Intracranial Hemorrhages Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.	2.07	1	0
Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.	2.07	1	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	2.07	1	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	2.7	3	0
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	2.01	1	0
Chronic Hepatitis B [description not available]	9.31	1	1
Acute Hepatic Failure [description not available]	4.31	1	1
Liver Failure, Acute A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.	4.31	1	1
Hepatitis B, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	4.31	1	1
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.	2.01	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	4.61	6	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	2.93	1	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	2.93	1	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Mandibular Diseases Diseases involving the MANDIBLE.	2.02	1	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	2.4	2	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	3.4	1	1
Kahler Disease [description not available]	3.77	2	1
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	8.77	2	1
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.02	1	0
Diathesis [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Infection, Wound [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	2.39	2	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.02	1	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	4.89	4	0
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	4.89	4	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	1.96	1	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	1.96	1	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	1.96	1	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	1.96	1	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.88	4	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2.38	2	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Carcinoma, Papillary A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.98	1	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.39	2	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.38	2	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	1.98	1	0
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Vaccinia The cutaneous and occasional systemic reactions associated with vaccination using smallpox (variola) vaccine.	1.98	1	0
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	1.98	1	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	1.98	1	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Pain, Intractable Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment.	1.99	1	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	1.99	1	0
Muscular Weakness [description not available]	2.91	1	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	2.91	1	0
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	2.91	1	0
Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)	2.91	1	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	2.91	1	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	1.99	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Corynebacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CORYNEBACTERIUM.	1.99	1	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	1.99	1	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	1.99	1	0
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	2.91	1	0
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	2.91	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.41	2	0
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	2	1	0
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	2	1	0
Pterygium An abnormal triangular fold of membrane in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea, being immovably united to the cornea at its apex, firmly attached to the sclera throughout its middle portion, and merged with the conjunctiva at its base. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2	1	0
Diseases of Immune System [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.	1.98	1	0
Grippe [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	1.97	1	0
Decerebrate Posturing [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	1.97	1	0
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	3.22	6	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	1.96	1	0
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.96	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	1.96	1	0

propagermanium

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (70)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Actions

Treatment

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Bioassays (1)

Research

Studies (98)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 45.95

Study Types

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

propagermanium

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (70)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Actions

Treatment

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Bioassays (1)

Research

Studies (98)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 45.95

Study Types

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Related Drugs (48)

Related Conditions (129)