tantalum profile

Tantalum is a chemical element with the symbol Ta and atomic number 73. It is a hard, dense, silvery-gray, lustrous, corrosion-resistant transition metal that is found in the Earth's crust. Tantalum is often found alongside niobium, and it occurs in several minerals, including tantalite, columbite, and euxenite. The main source of tantalum is tantalite, which is mined in countries such as Australia, Brazil, and Canada. The element has a high melting point and is used in a variety of applications, including the manufacture of electronic components, surgical instruments, and jewelry. Tantalum's unique properties make it ideal for use in a variety of applications, including:

* **Electronic Components:** Tantalum's high melting point, good electrical conductivity, and excellent corrosion resistance make it suitable for use in capacitors, resistors, and other electronic components.

* **Surgical Instruments:** Tantalum's biocompatibility and corrosion resistance make it ideal for use in surgical instruments, implants, and other medical devices.

* **Jewelry:** Tantalum's beautiful color and durability make it an increasingly popular choice for jewelry.

* **High-Temperature Applications:** Tantalum's high melting point and excellent corrosion resistance make it suitable for use in high-temperature applications, such as jet engines, nuclear reactors, and rocket engines.

* **Chemical Processing:** Tantalum's resistance to corrosion makes it suitable for use in chemical processing equipment, such as reactors, pipes, and valves.

* **Research:** Tantalum is also studied in research to develop new materials and technologies, such as tantalum-based alloys, tantalum nitride coatings, and tantalum-based catalysts.

* **Nuclear Applications:** Tantalum is also used in nuclear applications, such as target materials for neutron sources, shielding materials for radioactive sources, and fuel cladding materials for nuclear reactors.

**Synthesis:**

The synthesis of tantalum involves several steps, including mining, refining, and processing.

* **Mining:** Tantalum is typically mined from tantalite ores, which are found in various parts of the world.

* **Refining:** The tantalite ore is then refined to extract tantalum oxide (Ta2O5).

* **Processing:** Tantalum oxide is then converted to tantalum metal using a process called electrolysis.

**Effects:**

Tantalum is generally considered to be a safe and biocompatible material. However, there have been some reports of allergic reactions to tantalum, particularly in individuals with a history of metal allergies.

**Importance:**

Tantalum is an important element in various industries, including electronics, medicine, and aerospace. Its unique properties make it a valuable material for a wide range of applications.

**Why it is Studied:**

Tantalum is studied for several reasons, including:

* **Developing new materials:** Researchers are investigating the use of tantalum in the development of new materials with improved properties, such as high strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility.
* **Understanding its behavior:** Scientists are studying tantalum's behavior in various environments to better understand its properties and its potential for use in new applications.
* **Improving its processing:** Researchers are working to improve the efficiency and sustainability of tantalum processing methods.

Overall, tantalum is a versatile element with a wide range of applications and is an important material in various industries. Ongoing research continues to explore its potential in new technologies and applications.'

Tantalum: A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Products

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	23956
CHEBI ID	33348
MeSH ID	M0021035

Synonym
tantalum
ta
tantalum atom
CHEBI:33348
tantalo
73ta
tantal
7440-25-7
tantale
tantalum, powder, 99.99% trace metals basis
tantalum, nanopowder, <25 nm particle size (bet), >=99% trace metals basis
tantalum, rod, diam. 6.35 mm, >=99.9% trace metals basis
tantalum, wire, diam. 0.5 mm, >=99.9% trace metals basis
tantalum, rod, diam. 3.2 mm, >=99.9% trace metals basis
tantalum, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, >=99.9% trace metals basis
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, >=99.9% trace metals basis
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, >=99.9% trace metals basis
tantalum, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, >=99.9% trace metals basis
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.05 mm, >=99.9% trace metals basis
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, >=99.9% trace metals basis
tantalum, powder, -325 mesh, 99.9% trace metals basis
tantalum, elemental
tantalum, metal and oxide dust
tantalum, metal
einecs 231-135-5
tantalum-181
hsdb 2533
tantalum hydride (tah)
13981-95-8
T007122000 ,
tantalum hydride
hsdb 7122
ta0 ,
ccris 9482
ec 231-135-5
unii-6424hbn274
trabecular metal
6424hbn274 ,
tantalum [hsdb]
tantalum [mi]
DTXSID8064690 ,
tantalum wire, 0.203mm (0.008in) dia, hard
AKOS024257644
GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
tantalum slug, 6.35mm (0.25in) dia x 12.7mm (0.50in) length
tantalum foil, 2.0mm (0.08in) thick
tantalum slug, 6.35mm (0.25in) dia x 6.35mm (0.25in) length
tantalum foil, 0.7mm (0.03in) thick
tantalum pellet, 1mm (0.04in) dia x 2mm (0.08in)
tantalum wire, 0.025mm (0.001in) dia, hard
tantalum powder, -22 mesh, 99.95% (metals basis), nb 50 ppm
tantalum foil, 0.025mm (0.001in) thick
tantalum rod, 6.4mm (0.25in) dia
tantalum foil, 1.0mm (0.04in) thick
tantalum powder, -325 mesh, puratronic
tantalum wire, 1.0mm (0.04in) dia, annealed
tantalum thinfoil, 0.0127mm (0.0005in) thick
tantalum foil, 0.127mm (0.005in) thick, hard
tantalum wire, 0.5mm (0.02in) dia, annealed
tantalum foil, 0.127mm (0.005in) thick, annealed
tantalum gauze, 50 mesh woven from 0.076mm (0.003in) dia wire
tantalum plate, 6.35mm (0.25in) thick
tantalum foil, 0.025mm (0.001in) thick, hard
tantalum wire, 0.127mm (0.005in) dia
tantalum wire, 0.25mm (0.01in) dia, annealed
tantalum foil, 0.25mm (0.01in) thick, annealed
tantalum rod, 12.7mm (0.5in) dia, hard
tantalum foil, 0.5mm (0.02in) thick
tantalum wire, 0.05mm (0.002in) dia, annealed
tantalum powder, aps ca. 2 micron
tantalum powder, -100 mesh, puratronic?
tantalum wire, 2.0mm (0.08in) dia, annealed
tantalum thinfoil, 0.0025mm (0.0001in) thick
tantalum powder, -325 mesh, 99.9% (metals basis)
tantalum thinfoil, 0.005mm (0.0002in) thick
tantalum, powder, 60-100 mesh, 99.9%
tantalum, sputtering target, diam. x thickness 2.00 in. x 0.25 in., 99.95% trace metals basis
tantalum gauze, 80 mesh woven from 0.08mm (0.003in) dia wire
tantalum foil
tantalum wire
tantalum rod
tantalum powder
mfcd00011252
tantalum slug, 3.175mm (0.125in) dia x 6.35mm (0.25in) length
tantalum slug, 3.175mm (0.125in) dia x 3.175mm (0.125in) length
tantalum rod, 2.8mm (0.11in) dia
tantalum gauze, 30 mesh woven from 0.076mm (0.003in) dia wire
tantalum wire, 1.5mm (0.06in) dia, annealed
tantalum wire, 0.7mm (0.03in) dia
tantalum rod, 4.75mm (0.19in) dia
tantalum foil, 1.5mm (0.06in) thick
tantalum, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width .65mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.03mm, coil width 0.75mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 200mm, diameter 12.7mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 3.1mm, inside diameter 2.6mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.015mm, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 10.0mm, inside diameter 8.4mm, wall thickness 0.8mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 20m, diameter 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.03mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, bolt, size m5 x 30 mm, length 25 pcs, head style hexagonal
tantalum, rod, 50mm, diameter 12.7mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.75mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.03mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.0075mm, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 500mm, diameter 5.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, length 50 mm, 10.0 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
tantalum, nut, size m3, length 50 pcs, style hexagonal
tantalum, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 3.5mm, inside diameter 3.1mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 5m, diameter 1.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 7.0mm, inside diameter 6.7mm, wall thickness 0.15mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 8.7mm, inside diameter 8.34mm, wall thickness 0.18mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.003mm, 99.9%
tantalum, wire, straight, 100mm, diameter 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, diameter 8 mm, purity 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 99.99%
tantalum, bolt, size m6 x 30 mm, length 50 pcs, head style hexagonal
tantalum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 10.0mm, inside diameter 8.4mm, wall thickness 0.8mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 50mm, outside diameter 8.0mm, inside diameter 4.0mm, wall thickness 2mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, powder, mean particle size (fsss) 1-3 micron, weight 20 g, purity 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 0.1m coil, thickness 0.1mm, coil width .62mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.20mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.0015 mm, size 20 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
tantalum, washer, size m3, length 50 pcs, outside diameter 6.64 - 7.00mm
tantalum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.0075mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.001mm, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 50m, diameter 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, crucible, cylindrical, length 1 pcs, outside diameter 47mm
tantalum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 5.0mm, inside diameter 4.4mm, wall thickness 0.3mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.100mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, outside diameter 7.0 mm, length 1000 mm, wall thickness 0.25 mm
tantalum, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 15 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 6.0mm, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 25mm, diameter 18mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.034mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.03mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 1.02mm, inside diameter 0.86mm, wall thickness 0.08mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width .65mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, powder, 75 max. part. size (micron), weight 20 g, purity 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 150x300mm, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.15mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, nut, size m6, length 50 pcs, style hexagonal
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.0075mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 100mm, diameter 2.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 100mm, diameter 10.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 1m, diameter 1.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 2.0mm, 99.999%
tantalum, washer, size m6, length 50 pcs, outside diameter 11.57 - 12.00mm
tantalum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.034mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 100mm, diameter 18mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 0.31mm, inside diameter 0.19mm, wall thickness 0.06mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 50mm, outside diameter 10.0mm, inside diameter 8.4mm, wall thickness 0.8mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 200mm, diameter 2.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width 1mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.100mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.03mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.0015 mm, size 47 x 82 mm, purity 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.0015mm, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 1.02mm, inside diameter 0.86mm, wall thickness 0.08mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, 10 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 50mm, diameter 16mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.002mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 99.99%
tantalum, rod, 500mm, diameter 1.0mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.100mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 0.51mm, inside diameter 0.21mm, wall thickness 0.15mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, crucible, cylindrical, length 1 pcs, outside diameter 127mm
tantalum, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 1.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.51mm, inside diameter 0.21mm, wall thickness 0.15mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 50m, diameter 0.30mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.0005mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.9%
tantalum, powder, max. particle size 350 micron, weight 20 g, min. particle size 45 micron
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.003mm, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 200mm, diameter 1.0mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.0015 mm, size 20 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width 1mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.0075mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.0075mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.009mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.03mm, coil width 1.2mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.100mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.02mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.004mm, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 200mm, diameter 1.7mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, pellets, 100g, max. size 10mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.15mm, annealed, flattened, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 150x300mm, thickness 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.025mm, coil width 0.75mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 6.35mm, inside diameter 4.35mm, wall thickness 1mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.034mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, crucible, cylindrical, length 1 pcs, outside diameter 27mm
tantalum, rod, 100mm, diameter 5.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 1.05mm, inside diameter 0.65mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.0125 mm, purity 99.9%, size 100 x 100 mm
tantalum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.100mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 0.80mm, inside diameter 0.50mm, wall thickness 0.15mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width .65mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 120mm, outside diameter 20mm, inside diameter 19mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.75mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 200mm, diameter 3.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.0015 mm, size 25 x 35 mm, purity 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 100mm, diameter 3.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 100mm, diameter 12.7mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, 15 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 100mm, diameter 6.35mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.15mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, outside diameter 7.0 mm, length 200 mm, wall thickness 0.25 mm
tantalum, washer, size m3, length 25 pcs, outside diameter 6.64 - 7.00mm
tantalum, rod, 1000mm, diameter 1.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.034mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.02mm, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.40mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, powder, mean particle size (fsss) 1-3 micron, weight 50 g, purity 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, crucible, cylindrical, length 1 pcs, outside diameter 21mm
tantalum, wire reel, 50m, diameter 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.15mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.025mm, coil width 0.75mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 99.99%
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.0015 mm, size 45 x 72 mm, purity 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.15mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, nut, size m6, length 25 pcs, style hexagonal
tantalum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 8.0mm, inside diameter 4.0mm, wall thickness 2mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.15mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 50mm, diameter 6.35mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.009mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.0025mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.20mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.015mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 50mm, diameter 10.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.20mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 1.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.0075mm, 99.9%
tantalum, powder, max. particle size 350 micron, weight 10 g, min. particle size 45 micron
tantalum, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 7.0mm, inside diameter 6.7mm, wall thickness 0.15mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 100mm, diameter 1.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 99.99%
tantalum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.0075mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%
tantalum, powder, mean particle size (fsss) 1-3 micron, weight 100 g, purity 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, polished on both sides, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.99%
tantalum, tube, 50mm, outside diameter 6.35mm, inside diameter 4.35mm, wall thickness 1mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.75mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.03mm, coil width 1.2mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 1.02mm, inside diameter 0.86mm, wall thickness 0.08mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.025mm, coil width 0.75mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, powder, 75 max. part. size (micron), weight 100 g, purity 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, bolt, size m6 x 30 mm, length 25 pcs, head style hexagonal
tantalum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.004mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 2.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 10.0 mm diameter, length 100 mm, purity 99.9%
tantalum, nut, size m5, length 25 pcs, style hexagonal
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, 6 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
tantalum, mesh, 150x150mm, nominal aperture 0.43mm, wire diameter 0.075mm, 50x50 wires/inch, open area 72%, plain weave mesh
tantalum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.31mm, inside diameter 0.19mm, wall thickness 0.06mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width .65mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.1mm, coil width .62mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 3.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.0015mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.15mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 2.1mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, washer, size m4, length 50 pcs, outside diameter 8.64 - 9.00mm
tantalum, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.009mm, 99.9%
tantalum, mesh, 40x40mm, nominal aperture 0.43mm, wire diameter 0.075mm, 50x50 wires/inch, open area 72%, plain weave mesh
tantalum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.03mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.0125 mm, size 25 x 25 mm, purity 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.03mm, coil width 0.75mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, sphere, 50pcs, diameter 1.0mm, precision sphere grade, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 82x100mm, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 1000mm, diameter 1.0mm, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 0.51mm, inside diameter 0.21mm, wall thickness 0.15mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.001mm, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 100mm, diameter 16mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.003mm, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.30mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, outside diameter 7.0 mm, length 100 mm, wall thickness 0.25 mm
tantalum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.03mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 2.1mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 20m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 1.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 2.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 12.7mm, inside diameter 11.7mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.0125 mm, size 50 x 50 mm, purity 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 0.1m coil, thickness 0.03mm, coil width 1.2mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 25mm, diameter 16mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 25m, diameter 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.004mm, 99.9%
tantalum, wire, straight, 500mm, diameter 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.0025mm, 99.9%
tantalum, washer, size m4, length 25 pcs, outside diameter 8.64 - 9.00mm
tantalum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 99.9%
tantalum, mesh, 100x100mm, nominal aperture 0.43mm, wire diameter 0.075mm, 50x50 wires/inch, open area 72%, plain weave mesh
tantalum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 0.80mm, inside diameter 0.50mm, wall thickness 0.15mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 99.99%
tantalum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 7.0mm, inside diameter 6.7mm, wall thickness 0.15mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 3.1mm, inside diameter 2.6mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width 0.7mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 4.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, thickness 2.0 mm, size 25 x 25 mm
tantalum, nut, size m3, length 25 pcs, style hexagonal
tantalum, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.03mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 0.51mm, inside diameter 0.21mm, wall thickness 0.15mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.30 mm, 4 mm diameter, purity 99.9%
tantalum, wire, straight, 1000mm, diameter 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 0.2m coil, thickness 0.01mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.100mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.8mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.034mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 20m, diameter 0.30mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.015mm, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 2.1mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 1000mm, diameter 3.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.15mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 200mm, diameter 1.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.0125 mm, size 200 x 200 mm, purity 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 200m, diameter 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.009mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.03mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, polished on both sides, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 3.5mm, inside diameter 3.1mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, washer, size m6, length 25 pcs, outside diameter 11.57 - 12.00mm
tantalum, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.01mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width 0.7mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.0075mm, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 500mm, diameter 1.7mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 99.99%
tantalum, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.03mm, coil width 1.2mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, nut, size m4, length 25 pcs, style hexagonal
tantalum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 8.7mm, inside diameter 8.34mm, wall thickness 0.18mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.20mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.0025mm, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 1.05mm, inside diameter 0.65mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.034mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, nut, size m4, style hexagonal, length 50 pcs
tantalum, nut, size m5, length 50 pcs, style hexagonal
tantalum, rod, 200mm, diameter 6.35mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 0.80mm, inside diameter 0.50mm, wall thickness 0.15mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.8mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.4mm, wall thickness 0.3mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 99.99%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.03mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.034mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, powder, 75 max. part. size (micron), weight 50 g, purity 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.100mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.100mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 50m, diameter 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.03mm, coil width 0.75mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.015mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.03mm, coil width 0.75mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.8mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.002mm, 99.9%
tantalum, sphere, 100pcs, diameter 1.0mm, precision sphere grade, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.100mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.20mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.03mm, coil width 0.75mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.30mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width 1mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, washer, size m5, length 50 pcs, outside diameter 9.64 - 10.00mm
tantalum, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 3.5mm, inside diameter 3.1mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, size 100 x 100 mm, purity 99.99%
tantalum, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 99.9%
tantalum, washer, size m5, length 25 pcs, outside diameter 9.64 - 10.00mm
tantalum, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.5mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.004mm, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.8mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width 1mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 10.0 mm diameter, length 200 mm, purity 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 3.1mm, inside diameter 2.6mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 20m, diameter 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, 99.9%
tantalum, bolt, size m4 x 30 mm, length 25 pcs, head style hexagonal
tantalum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.100mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 2.0mm, inside diameter 1.4mm, wall thickness 0.3mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.03mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, rod, 200mm, diameter 5.0mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width 1mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width 0.7mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 3.0mm, inside diameter 2mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.75mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, pellets, 20g, max. size 10mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.20mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.034mm, as rolled, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.75mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 2.1mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.009mm, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.20mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, thickness 2.0 mm, size 50 x 50 mm
tantalum, rod, 1000mm, diameter 1.7mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, sphere, 20pcs, diameter 1.0mm, precision sphere grade, 99.9%
tantalum, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width 1mm, annealed, 99.9%
tantalum, bolt, size m3 x 30 mm, length 50 pcs, head style hexagonal
tantalum, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.9%

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Tantalum is a potential implant coating material with good biological properties."	( A review: strategies to reduce infection in tantalum and its derivative applied to implants. Bi, X; Gao, Y; Ge, X; Li, T; Wang, Q; Wu, X; Xi, T; Yu, M; Zhu, H, 2023)	1.89
"Tantalum (Ta) is a promising metal for biomedical implants or implant coating for orthopedic and dental applications because of its excellent corrosion resistance, fracture toughness, and biocompatibility. "	( Biological characteristics of the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells on composite tantalum carbide/amorphous carbon films. Chang, YY; Chen, YC; Hsu, JT; Huang, HL; Shieh, TM; Tsai, MT, 2014)	2.07
"Tantalum is an important metal for medical devices because of its good biocompatibility."	( Additively manufactured porous tantalum implants. Amin Yavari, S; Kruth, JP; Mulier, M; Schrooten, J; van der Stok, J; Van Humbeeck, J; Wauthle, R; Weinans, H; Zadpoor, AA, 2015)	1.42
"Tantalum (Ta) is a promising material for dental implants since, comparing with titanium (Ti), it is bioactive and has an interesting chemistry which promotes the osseointegration."	( Bioactivity response of Ta1-xOx coatings deposited by reactive DC magnetron sputtering. Almeida Alves, CF; Carvalho, S; Cavaleiro, A, 2016)	1.16
"Tantalum is a bioactive and biocompatible transition metal that has been used as an orthopedic medical device."	( A novel tantalum-containing bioglass. Part I. Structure and solubility. Alhalawani, AM; Towler, MR, 2017)	1.61
"Tantalum is a transition metal, with excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity due to its intrinsic physical and structural characteristics."	( Early aseptic loosening of a porous tantalum knee prosthesis. Raimondi, A; Sabbioni, G; Tigani, D, 2009)	1.35
"Tantalum cages are a very promising and usefull alternative among implants available for ACDF."	( [Anterior cervical fusion with tantalum interbody implants. Clinical and radiological results in a prospective study]. Asenjo-Siguero, JJ; Ibarzábal, A; Ladero, F; Lopez-Oliva, F; Sánchez-Lorente, T; Vicario, C; Zimmermann, M, 2006)	1.34
"Tantalum is a transition metal, which in its bulk form has shown excellent biocompatibility and is safe to use in vivo as evidenced by its current application in pacemaker electrodes, cranioplasty plates, and as radiopaque markers."	( Porous tantalum in reconstructive surgery of the knee: a review. Della Valle, CJ; Jacobs, JJ; Levine, B; Paprosky, W; Sporer, S, 2007)	1.52
"Tantalum-178 is a potential tracer for the first transit studies of the heart. "	( Cardiac imaging with tantalum-178. Holman, BL; Neirinckx, RD; Tow, DE; Treves, S, 1979)	2.02
"Tantalum-178 is a short-liver radionuclide (T 1/2 = 9.3 min.) and emits primarily 56- to 64-keV characteristic x-rays. "	( Scintigraphic imaging with tantalum-178 and the Anger scintillation camera: concise communication. Bifolck, LV; Holman, BL; Neirinckx, RD; Zimmerman, RE, 1979)	2

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Nano tantalum (Ta) has been reported with effective osteogenesis capability."	( Nano tantalum-coated 3D printed porous polylactic acid/beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds with enhanced biological properties for guided bone regeneration. Chen, G; Li, B; Liu, T; Ye, X; Zhang, Y, 2022)	1.69
"Tantalum (Ta) has been widely used in load-bearing orthopedic implants due to its good biocompatibility and corrosion resistance."	( Current Advances and Applications of Tantalum Element in Infected Bone Defects. Ao, J; Hu, Y; Lei, P; Pi, L; Qian, H; Yao, Q, 2023)	1.9
"Tantalum implants have been used in >500,000 orthopaedic patients. "	( Safety of Use of Tantalum in Total Hip Arthroplasty. Bengtsson, M; Brüggemann, A; Hailer, NP; Mallmin, H, 2020)	2.34
"Tantalum has unique advantages as a biomaterial for repairing bone defects due to its outstanding bioactivity, excellent corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties. "	( Additively Manufactured Tantalum Implants for Repairing Bone Defects: A Systematic Review. Hu, Y; Lei, P; Lei, T; Qian, H, 2021)	2.37
"Tantalum has been widely used in orthopedic and dental implants. "	( Antibacterial activity, corrosion resistance and wear behavior of spark plasma sintered Ta-5Cu alloy for biomedical applications. Cui, J; Fang, L; Ren, F; Wang, B; Zhao, C; Zhao, L; Zhu, W, 2017)	1.9
"Tantalum (Ta) has been shown to enhance osseointegration in clinical practice, yet little is known about whether Ta nanofilms can be used as antimicrobial coatings in vivo. "	( Advanced antibacterial activity of biocompatible tantalum nanofilm via enhanced local innate immunity. Li, J; Shen, H; Tang, J; Wang, J; Wang, Q; Yang, C; Yu, J; Zhang, Q; Zhou, H; Zhu, C, 2019)	2.21
"Tantalum components have been successfully implemented for difficult revision arthroplasties, but, to our knowledge, have not been reported for acetabular reconstruction following oncologic periacetabular resection."	( Early Results of Acetabular Reconstruction After Wide Periacetabular Oncologic Resection. Abdel, MP; Lewallen, DG; Perry, KI; Rose, PS; Sim, FH; von Roth, P, 2017)	1.18
"Tantalum has been introduced in an effort to enhance osseointegration potential of uncemented components."	( Do tantalum and titanium cups show similar results in revision hip arthroplasty? Bender, B; Coyle, C; Hozack, WJ; Jafari, SM; Parvizi, J; Sharkey, PF, 2010)	1.7
"Tantalum cages have been recently introduced in spine surgery for interbody fusion because of the advantages of their mechanical properties."	( [Anterior cervical fusion with tantalum interbody implants. Clinical and radiological results in a prospective study]. Asenjo-Siguero, JJ; Ibarzábal, A; Ladero, F; Lopez-Oliva, F; Sánchez-Lorente, T; Vicario, C; Zimmermann, M, 2006)	1.34
"Tantalum has excellent biocompatibility and is safe to use in vivo as evidenced by its historical and current use in pacemaker electrodes, cranioplasty plates and as radiopaque markers."	( Experimental and clinical performance of porous tantalum in orthopedic surgery. Della Valle, CJ; Jacobs, JJ; Levine, BR; Poggie, RA; Sporer, S, 2006)	1.31
"Tantalum has excellent biocompatibility and is safe to use in vivo."	( Applications of porous tantalum in total hip arthroplasty. Della Valle, CJ; Jacobs, JJ; Levine, B, 2006)	1.37
"Tantalum has been in clinical use since before 1940 and has found a wide range of diagnostic and implant applications, with apparently overall excellent results."	( Biological performance of tantalum. Black, J, 1994)	1.31

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Tantalum is chosen because it is considered a biocompatible metal with high corrosion resistance and low ion release."	( Tantalum-based thin film coatings for wear resistant arthroprostheses. Balagna, C; Faga, MG; Spriano, S, 2011)	2.53
"Tantalum was chosen because of its bone compatibility, based on our previous studies."	( Experimental lumbar spine fusion with novel tantalum-coated carbon fiber implant. Bünger, C; Ding, M; Li, H; Lind, M; Woo, C; Zou, X, 2007)	1.32

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Untreated tantalum metal formed an apatite on its surface in simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of human blood plasma. "	( Bioactive tantalum metal prepared by NaOH treatment. Kato, H; Kim, HM; Kokubo, T; Miyaji, F; Miyazaki, T; Nakamura, T, 2000)	1.11
"Untreated tantalum metal had tantalum oxide passive layer on its surface, while amorphous sodium tantalate was formed on the surface of the tantalum metal by the NaOH and heat treatments."	( Mechanism of bonelike apatite formation on bioactive tantalum metal in a simulated body fluid. Kato, H; Kim, HM; Kokubo, T; Miyaza, T; Nakamura, T; Ohtsuki, C, 2002)	0.94

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" No serious adverse events were observed; three patients injected with hylan B gel had temporary inflammation at the injection site, which resolved without sequelae."	( Cross-linked hyaluronan used as augmentation substance for treatment of glottal insufficiency: safety aspects and vocal fold function. Dahlqvist, A; Hallén, L; Hertegård, S; Laurent, C; Lindström, E; Olofsson, K; Testad, P, 2002)	0.31
" The clinical efficacy of embolization was judged by symptom control, and adverse events were assessed by clinical examination and history, both postembolization and 4 weeks postprocedure."	( Safety and clinical efficacy of Onyx for embolization of extracranial head and neck vascular anomalies. Greene, AK; Mulliken, JB; Orbach, DB; Rahbar, R; Thiex, R; Wu, I, )	0.13
" Reflux into arteries arising from the ICA or vertebral artery during DAVF treatment always carries a risk of unintentional non-target embolization of normal cerebral vasculature but Onyx appears to be safe in this situation."	( Safety of Onyx Transarterial Embolization of Skull Base Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas from Meningeal Branches of the External Carotids also Fed by Meningeal Branches of Internal Carotid or Vertebral Arteries. Abdala, N; Abud, DG; Abud, TG; Baccin, CE; Houdart, E; Nguyen, AD; Saint-Maurice, JP, 2018)	0.48
"The routine use of RSA bead insertion is a safe procedure and may provide the ability to assess implant fixation in clinical practice."	( Routine Use of Radiostereometric Analysis in Elective Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Patients: Surgical Impact, Safety, and Bead Stability. MacLean, L; Paprosky, WG; Shah, RP; Sporer, S, 2018)	0.48

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In one subject studied for a further 424 days the residual activity in the thorax was cleared with a biological half-life of about 1,400 days."	( Clearance of radioactive tantalum from the human lung after accidental inhalation. Newton, D, 1977)	0.56

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Dose-response curves were obtained for each type of radiation and the Do was determined."	( The r.b.e. of different energy neutrons as measured by the heamatopoietic spleen-colony technique. Bond, VP; Carsten, AL; Thompson, K, 1976)	0.26
"A hydroxyapatite-coated porous tantalum implant dosed with 100 μg (14)C-labeled zoledronic acid was implanted into the left femoral intramedullary canal of six dogs."	( Bisphosphonate remains highly localized after elution from porous implants. Dennis Bobyn, J; Karabasz, D; McKenzie, K; Roberts, J; Tanzer, M, 2011)	0.66
"9)O(8)I was as high as 92% within 12 h visible light irradiation under the optimal conditions: initial MO concentration of 5-10 mg L(-1), catalyst dosage of 6 g L(-1) and natural pH (6-8), the MO molecules could be completely degradated by Bi(4)Nb(0."	( Photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants in aqueous solution by Bi(4)Nb(x)Ta((1-x))O(8)I. Fan, J; Hu, XY; Wang, JJ; Zhang, KL, 2012)	0.38

Product Category	Products
Vitamins & Supplements	1

Product	Brand	Category	Compounds Matched from Ingredients	Date Retrieved
Heaven Sent Wellgenix Balanced Essentials + Plus Liquid Vitamins Berry -- 32 fl oz	Heaven Sent	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Antimony, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Kelp, Barium, Beryllium, Biotin, Bismuth, Boron, Bromide, Omega 3, Cerium, Cesium, Chromium, citric acid, Cobalt, Cystine, Vitamin E, fructose, Dysprosium, Erbium, Europium, Fluoride, Folate, Gadolinium, Gallium, Vitamin E, Glycine, Gold, Hafnium, Histidine, Holmium, Inositol, Iodine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Lanthanum, Leucine, Calcium Carbonate, Lithium, Lutetium, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Molybdenum, Neodymium, Niacin, Nickel, Niobium, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Praseodymium, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Rhenium, Riboflavin, Rubidium, Samarium, Scandium, Selenium, Serine, Silicon, Silver, Strontium, Tantalum, Tellurium, Terbium, Thallium, Thiamin, Thorium, Threonine, Thulium, Tin, Titanium, Tryptophan, Tungsten, Tyrosine, Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Ytterbium, Yttrium, Zirconium	2024-11-29 10:47:42

Class	Description
vanadium group element atom
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	789 (36.87)	18.7374
1990's	137 (6.40)	18.2507
2000's	293 (13.69)	29.6817
2010's	744 (34.77)	24.3611
2020's	177 (8.27)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	53 (2.27%)	5.53%
Reviews	83 (3.56%)	6.00%
Case Studies	166 (7.12%)	4.05%
Observational	6 (0.26%)	0.25%
Other	2,022 (86.78%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.	2.06	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	2.08	1	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
adenine [no description available]	2.15	1	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	3.55	2	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
benzene [no description available]	2.1	1	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	2	1	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	7.13	1	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	3.39	7	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	2.06	1	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	2.05	1	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	8.84	11	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.68	3	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	4.04	14	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	2.08	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	3.49	8	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.08	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitrophenylphosphate nitrophenylphosphate: RN given refers to mono(4-nitrophenyl) ester of phosphoric acid. 4-nitrophenyl phosphate : An aryl phosphate resulting from the mono-esterification of phosphoric acid with 4-nitrophenol.	2.07	1	0	aryl phosphate	mouse metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	2.02	1	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.1	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	6.64	36	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	2.1	1	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2.88	4	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
histamine [no description available]	3.77	3	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	3.99	13	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	9.69	9	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	2	1	0	cyclitol; hexol
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	10.85	23	1	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	1.95	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	2.46	2	0	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.1	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
hydroxide ion [no description available]	3.85	2	1	oxygen hydride	mouse metabolite
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	2.98	4	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	9.45	2	0	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	2.1	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.	2.51	2	0	sulfur oxoacid	catalyst
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.47	2	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
xanthine 7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.	2.17	1	0	xanthine	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	2.13	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.	2.43	2	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound	bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
diatrizoic acid Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.	3.45	2	0	acetamides; benzoic acids; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	2.4	2	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
atrazine [no description available]	2.99	4	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
mellitic acid mellitic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. mellitic acid : A benzene-derived hexacarboxylic acid in which each carbon of benzene carries a carboxy substituent.	2.02	1	0	hexacarboxylic acid
bisacodyl Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)	1.95	1	0	diarylmethane
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.	2.1	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	2.31	1	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	1.98	1	0	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	2.08	1	0
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	2.37	2	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	3.05	1	0	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	4.33	1	1
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	5.13	15	0	methoxybenzenes
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	4.38	4	1	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
halothane [no description available]	2.64	3	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	1.95	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iothalamic acid Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.	3.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
iodipamide Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.	3.04	1	0	benzoic acids; organoiodine compound; secondary carboxamide	radioopaque medium
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	1.93	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
lithium hydroxide lithium hydroxide: used for tryptophan determinations in proteins & foods; RN given refers to cpd with MF of Li-OH	2.01	1	0	alkali metal hydroxide
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	2.31	1	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	1.95	1	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	1.94	1	0	phenols; pyrazolidines	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	1.95	1	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	1.94	1	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
propyliodone Propyliodone: Radiopaque medium usually in oil; used in bronchography.	1.95	1	0	organic molecular entity
2-thiosalicylic acid 2-thiosalicylic acid: a degradation product of thimerosal; RN given refers to parent cpd. thiosalicylic acid : A sulfanylbenzoic acid that is the 2-sulfanyl derivative of benzoic acid.	2	1	0	sulfanylbenzoic acid	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	2.02	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
urethane [no description available]	1.95	1	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	2	1	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	3.04	1	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
thymidine [no description available]	3.21	6	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
triethylenemelamine Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.	1.95	1	0	1,3,5-triazines	alkylating agent; insect sterilant
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	1.94	1	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	1.95	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uridine [no description available]	2.35	2	0	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	1.98	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .	1.97	1	0	amphetamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	2.47	2	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	1.95	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)	2.74	3	0	quaternary ammonium salt
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	1.97	1	0	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	2.38	2	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	1.98	1	0
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.07	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2.04	1	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
alizarin [no description available]	2.13	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	chromophore; dye; plant metabolite
boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.	2.1	1	0	boranes; mononuclear parent hydride
carbon disulfide Carbon Disulfide: A colorless, flammable, poisonous liquid, CS2. It is used as a solvent, and is a counterirritant and has local anesthetic properties but is not used as such. It is highly toxic with pronounced CNS, hematologic, and dermatologic effects.	7.05	1	0	one-carbon compound; organosulfur compound
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	1.94	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	3.98	14	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	1.95	1	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	1.95	1	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
2-butanol 2-butanol: RN given is for parent cpd without isomeric designation. butan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is butane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.	2.06	1	0	secondary alcohol
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	7.47	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	2.07	1	0	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
acetrizoic acid Acetrizoic Acid: An iodinated radiographic contrast medium used as acetrizoate sodium in HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY.	1.97	1	0	aminobenzoic acid
2-naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	naphthylamine	carcinogenic agent
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.05	1	0	xanthene
benzotriazole benzotriazole: inhibitor of atmospheric metal corrosion; also component of motion picture film & Neva brake fluid. benzotriazole : The simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring.	2.15	1	0	benzotriazoles	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	2.06	1	0	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
caprolactam Caprolactam: Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.. epsilon-caprolactam : A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	1.95	1	0	caprolactams	human blood serum metabolite
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	2.52	2	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	2.02	1	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
propylene propylene: structure	2.05	1	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	refrigerant; xenobiotic
diatrizoate meglumine Diatrizoate Meglumine: A versatile contrast medium used for DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY RADIOLOGY.. meglumine amidotrizoate : The N-methylglucamine salt of amidotrizoic acid. Both the sodium and the meglumine salts of amidotrizoic acid have been widely used as water-soluble radioopaque media in diagnostic radiography. The use of a mixture of the two salts is often preferred, as adverse effects can be reduced.	1.96	1	0	monocarboxylic acid anion	radioopaque medium
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	2.05	1	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
magnesium acetate magnesium acetate : The magnesium salt of acetic acid.	2.31	1	0	magnesium salt
methohexital Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.	1.95	1	0	acetylenic compound; barbiturates	drug allergen; intravenous anaesthetic
thiazoles [no description available]	3.17	5	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.08	1	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
silicon carbide silicon carbide: fibers used for reinforcement of porcelain crowns; a feldspathic body (gingival) porcelain; used to coat titanium hip prostheses	9.06	4	0	organosilicon compound
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	2.13	1	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	2.15	1	0
caprolactone hexano-6-lactone : A epsilon-lactone that is oxepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.8	3	0	epsilon-lactone
syringic acid syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.	2.08	1	0	benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.	1.95	1	0
neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0.	2.01	1	0	hydrochloride	acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator
glycidol glycidol: structure given in first source	2.15	1	0	epoxide; primary alcohol
perfluoropentane perfluoropentane: inert expander of tissue spaces, liquid at room temperature, but gaseous at body temperatures; used in experimental eye surgery; structure. perfluoropentane : A fluorocarbon that is pentane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.	2.25	1	0	fluoroalkane; fluorocarbon	radioopaque medium; ultrasound contrast agent
deoxyuridine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ammonium bicarbonate ammonium bicarbonate: see also record for ammonium carbonate (di-NH4 salt)	2.6	1	0	organooxygen compound
bucrylate Bucrylate: Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive also used to occlude blood vessels supplying neoplastic or other diseased tissue.	2.88	4	0
beryl beryl: Be3Al2(SiO3)6	2	1	0
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	7.79	21	2
cadmium sulfide [no description available]	2.1	1	0	cadmium molecular entity
potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH	2.01	1	0	alkali metal hydroxide
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.41	2	0	alkali metal hydroxide
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	3.02	4	0	zinc molecular entity
molybdenum disulfide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	sulfide salt
cupric sulfide copper(II) sulfide : A copper sulfide in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.	2.25	1	0
hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.	2.77	3	0	hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	3.17	4	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.13	1	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
selenomethionine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	selenoamino acid; selenomethionines	plant metabolite
3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	2.08	1	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	1.94	1	0	carbon oxoanion
3-o-methylgallic acid 3-O-methylgallic acid: structure in first source. 3-O-methylgallic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is gallic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group at position 3 is converted into the corresponding methyl ether.	2.08	1	0	benzoic acids; catechols
enbucrilate Enbucrilate: A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental.	4.51	7	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; nitrile
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	5.65	26	0	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
lanthanum [no description available]	3.59	9	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
lutetium Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.	2.65	3	0	d-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	3.75	11	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	2.41	1	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	5.71	16	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.	2.06	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
niobium Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb.	8.3	150	2	vanadium group element atom
osmium Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.	1.94	1	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	2.66	3	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	5.32	18	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
plutonium Plutonium: A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.	2.35	2	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
promethium Promethium: A radioactive element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pm, and atomic number 61. It has been used in the construction of atomic batteries, in the preparation of self-luminous compounds, and as a beta-particle source for thickness gauges.	2.25	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
rhenium Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.	7.7	3	0	manganese group element atom
rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.	2.1	1	0	cobalt group element atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	2.38	2	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
samarium Samarium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sm, atomic number 62, and atomic weight 150.36. The oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.05	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
scandium Scandium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.	8.05	5	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	5.68	26	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	4.85	11	0	manganese group element atom
thorium Thorium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography.	7.89	4	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
thulium Thulium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93.	2.42	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	15.55	278	7	titanium group element atom
tungsten Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.	5.21	50	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
americium Americium: A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy.	1.96	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.	2.68	3	0	monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom	food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent
berkelium Berkelium: A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Bk, atomic number 97, and atomic weight 247. Its valence can be +3 or +4. Twelve isotopes have been produced with mass numbers 240-251.	1.95	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	7.87	4	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	7.61	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	5.65	25	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
erbium Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26.	1.94	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.	8.36	7	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	7.73	3	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	4.19	17	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
hafnium Hafnium: A metal element of atomic number 72 and atomic weight 178.49, symbol Hf.	4.07	15	0	titanium group element atom
holmium Holmium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ho, atomic number 67, and atomic weight 164.93.	2.25	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.	8.61	9	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium
vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.	5.39	14	1	elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom	micronutrient
ytterbium Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.	3.17	5	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
yttrium Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.	8.59	9	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	8.18	92	3	titanium group element atom
californium Californium: A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy.	1.95	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.	2.03	1	0	aluminium coordination entity	Lewis acid
nickel chloride nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.	2	1	0	nickel coordination entity	calcium channel blocker; hapten
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	2.35	2	0	diatomic bromine
barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.	8.06	5	0	barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate	radioopaque medium
calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous: molecular formula CaHPO(4), DCPA=dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; don't confuse with dichloropropionanilide which also is called DCPA; MW=136.06; has greater surface area and lower pH than DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate); occurs in nature as monetite; an intermediate in preparing hydroxyapatite	2.02	1	0	calcium phosphate
calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, monobasic: MW 234.05	2.47	2	0	calcium phosphate	fertilizer
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	12.59	23	2	calcium phosphate
silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.	3.05	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt	astringent
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	3.48	2	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	3.07	5	0	dihydrogen
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	2.69	3	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
silicon tetrachloride [no description available]	2.03	1	0
niobium pentachloride [no description available]	2.47	2	0
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	2.11	1	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
radon Radon: A naturally radioactive element with atomic symbol Rn, and atomic number 86. It is a member of the noble gas family found in soil, and is released during the decay of RADIUM.. radon(0) : A monoatomic radon that has an oxidation state of zero.	3.97	4	0	monoatomic radon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
calcium sulfate dihydrate phosphogypsum: used as fertilizer and in construction materials such as bricks, plaster etc; contains 11 components; found as industrial waste	2.07	1	0	calcium salt; hydrate
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	2	1	0	cadmium coordination entity
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	2.43	2	0
ammonium fluoride ammonium fluoride : A fluoride salt having ammonium (NH4+) as the counterion.	2.07	1	0	ammonium salt; fluoride salt
tricalcium silicate tricalcium silicate: might be used as injectable bioactive cement	2.08	1	0
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	4.23	17	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
technetium 99m Technegas: ultrafine ventilatory agent; produced from technetium pertechnetate and graphite in an argon environment	1.99	1	0	technetium atom
fluorides [no description available]	3.09	5	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
1-(trimethylsilyl)-1h-imidazole N-trimethylsilylimidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles in which the hydrogen at position 1 is replaced by a trimethylsilyl group. N-trimethylsilylimidazole is a derivatisation agent used in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry applications.	2.21	1	0	imidazoles; N-silyl compound	chromatographic reagent
stannic oxide tin dioxide : A tin oxide compound consisting of tin(IV) covalently bound to two oxygen atoms.	2.48	2	0	tin oxide
iodine [no description available]	2.37	2	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
fenitrothion Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.	2.21	1	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.31	1	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
alkenes [no description available]	2.96	4	0
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	7.1	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug
dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.	1.97	1	0	catecholamine; secondary amine	beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.	4.84	11	0	conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	2.87	4	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.	2.02	1	0	methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	2.4	2	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
zircon zircon: RN given refers to Zr(+4)[1:1] salt; structure	2.06	1	0
tantalum oxide tantalum oxide: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; used for surgical implants	7.87	133	0
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	2.99	4	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
baicalin [no description available]	2.15	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd	7.4	2	0
fluorexon fluorexon: structure	2.08	1	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
phosphoramidic acid phosphoramidic acid: urease inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; do not confuse with phosphoramidites, which are organophosphorus compounds	2.08	1	0	phosphoric acid derivative
iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.	2.11	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
xenon radioisotopes Xenon Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of xenon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Xe atoms with atomic weights 121-123, 125, 127, 133, 135, 137-145 are radioactive xenon isotopes.	1.95	1	0
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.15	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	2.45	2	0	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	2.95	4	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
ceric oxide ceric oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeO2. ceric oxide : A metal oxide with formula CeO2. It is used for polishing glass, in coatings for infra-red filters to prevent reflection, and as an oxidant and catalyst in organic synthesis.	2.13	1	0	cerium molecular entity; metal oxide
iridium oxide iridium oxide: RN given refers to Ir-O2	2.05	1	0
platinum oxide [no description available]	2.06	1	0
ruthenium dioxide ruthenium dioxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ru-O2	2.06	1	0
n-acetyltyrosine, (dl)-isomer N-acetyltyrosine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyltyrosine : An N-acetyl-amino acid that is tyrosine with an amine hydrogen substituted by an acetyl group.	1.98	1	0	N-acetyl-amino acid; phenols; tyrosine derivative	human urinary metabolite
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	8.59	9	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
titanium nitride (tin) titanium nitride: RN given refers to unspecified MF	2.08	1	0
5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine 5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine: structure given in first source	2.1	1	0
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	10.81	30	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
yttrium radioisotopes Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.	2.67	3	0
chlorates Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.	1.95	1	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	2.83	3	0	oligopeptide
niobium pentoxide [no description available]	2.99	4	0
fullerene c60 Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.	2.02	1	0	fullerene	geroprotector
octacalcium phosphate octacalcium phosphate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ca4-(H3PO4)3; see also record for synthos (beta-tricalcium phosphate) & calcium phosphate	2.01	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	7.21	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
tantalum bromide tantalum bromide: RN refers to TaBr5	3.13	5	0
gallium oxide gallium oxide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	7.41	1	0
bismuth orthovanadate bismuth vanadium tetraoxide: ferroelastic	2.11	1	0
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	2.8	3	0
calcium pyrophosphate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
5,6-dihydrothymidine 5,6-dihydrothymidine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 5,6-dihydrothymidine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside having dihydrothymine as the nucleobase.	2.1	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	2.01	1	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	2.31	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	2.86	4	0
sb 203580 [no description available]	2.13	1	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	2.96	4	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
nickel monoxide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
5-hydroxymethylfurfural 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.	7.06	1	0	arenecarbaldehyde; furans; primary alcohol	indicator; Maillard reaction product
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	8.98	4	0	peptide
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	1.96	1	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
inositol 3-phosphate inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer	2.36	2	0
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.35	2	0	actinomycin	mutagen
glycosides [no description available]	2.02	1	0
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.03	1	0	isomethyleugenol
iothalamate meglumine Iothalamate Meglumine: A radiopaque medium used for urography, angiography, venography, and myelography. It is highly viscous and binds to plasma proteins.	2.02	1	0	amidobenzoic acid
dithizone Dithizone: Chelating agent used for heavy metal poisoning and assay. It causes diabetes.	1.95	1	0
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	2.37	2	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	1.94	1	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
tungsten carbide tungsten carbide: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF	1.98	1	0
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2h-tetrazolium 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium: structure given in first source	2.07	1	0
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.36	2	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	6.13	40	0	alkali metal atom
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	2	1	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
nitinol nitinol: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Ti; do not confuse with titanium nickelide; other nitinols (nitinol SE and nitinol 55) are Co-Ni-Ti alloys	8.89	12	0
calixarenes Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.	2.03	1	0
silicon nitride [no description available]	4.14	4	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	1.97	1	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
alizarin red s Alizarin Red S: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. alizarin red S : An organic sodium salt having 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate as the counterion. It is commonly used to stain embryo skeletons in cleared whole mounts, usually of small mammals.	2.11	1	0	organic sodium salt; organosulfonate salt	histological dye
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	1.98	1	0
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	2.17	1	0
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	2.02	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
sodium niobate [no description available]	2.15	1	0
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.02	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
luteolin [no description available]	7.6	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
genistein [no description available]	2.76	2	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
baicalein [no description available]	2.55	2	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	2.15	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.	1.96	1	0	stilbenoid
phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.	2.84	4	0	hydrochloride
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	4.92	2	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	3.13	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	1.95	1	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	8.83	12	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
tin [no description available]	5.08	10	1	carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom	micronutrient
antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.	2.35	2	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	8.33	7	0	alkali metal atom
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	3.57	9	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	2.66	3	0	alkali metal atom
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	5.42	20	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	3.07	5	0	alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.	8.6	8	0	metal atom; pnictogen
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	2.38	2	0	boron group element atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.45	2	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.	2.96	4	0	boron group element atom
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	4.6	8	0	boron group element atom
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	2.46	2	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.	3.35	7	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen	adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	4.52	24	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	3	4	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	3.41	7	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
barium titanate(iv) barium titanate(IV): RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0
germanium Germanium: A rare metal element with a blue-gray appearance and atomic symbol Ge, atomic number 32, and atomic weight 72.63.	2.93	4	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	2.47	2	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	2.38	2	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
radium Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY.	9.92	12	0	alkaline earth metal atom
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	7.25	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	2.06	1	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
zotarolimus zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source	4.45	1	1	lactam; macrolide
zeolites [no description available]	2.05	1	0
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	3.79	11	0
ngr peptide [no description available]	2.11	1	0
thiacalix(4)arene thiacalix(4)arene: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
jaw [no description available]	8.32	7	0	indolecarboxamide
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.17	1	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	2.36	2	0	peptide hormone
oligonucleotides [no description available]	2.01	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	7.26	12	3	glycoside
perovskite calcium titanate : A calcium salt with the formula CaTiO3, generally obtained in the form of the mineral perovskite.	8.17	5	0
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.36	2	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	1.93	1	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
vendex Torque: The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.	2.44	2	0	organotin acaricide
thimerosal Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.	2	1	0	alkylmercury compound	antifungal drug; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; drug allergen
silicate cement Silicate Cement: A relatively hard, translucent, restorative material used primarily in anterior teeth. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p50)	2.41	1	0
chitosan [no description available]	7.89	3	0
lithium niobate [no description available]	2.95	4	0
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.	3.45	1	1	inorganic sodium salt	bleaching agent; disinfectant
urografin 76 urovision: urovision contains a mixture of sodium & meglumine salts of diatrizoic acid in the ratio of 50:18 in aqueous solution used in urography	1.96	1	0
methyl orange methyl orange: indictor of pH with strong acids & bases; also used as reagent to form ion pairs with, and thereby isolate, certain compounds from biological material; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search AZO COMPOUNDS (75-86); file maintained to Azo cpds	2.49	2	0
sodium tantalate [no description available]	3.44	7	0
sodium pertechnetate tc 99m Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.	2.39	2	0
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	2.95	1	0
fibrinopeptide a Fibrinopeptide A: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin during the blood coagulation process. Each peptide chain contains 18 amino acid residues. In vivo, fibrinopeptide A is used as a marker to determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin.	2.05	1	0
nitrogenase Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1.	3.12	1	0
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.08	1	0
5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside composed of 2'-deoxyuridine having a 5-hydroxymethyl substituent.	2.1	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.07	1	0
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	1.94	1	0
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	3.1	5	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	2.08	1	0
phenprocoumon Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.	1.98	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.46	2	0
brass [no description available]	1.97	1	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	1.94	1	0
tetraphenylporphine tetraphenylporphyrin: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	2.07	1	0
triciribine triciribine: structure. triciribine : A nucleoside analogue in which the nucleobase portion is a 1,4,5,6,8-pentaazaacenaphthylene ring system substituted with an amino group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 5 and is bound to the beta-D-ribofuranosyl moiety by an N(1)-glycosidic linkage.	2.31	1	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	2.11	1	0
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source	2.15	1	0
ganciclovir [no description available]	1.98	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antiinfective agent; antiviral drug
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.17	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	1.96	1	0
eye [no description available]	8.44	8	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Hangman Fracture [description not available]	3.7	1	1
Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column.	3.7	1	1
Aseptic Necrosis of Femur Head [description not available]	10.29	44	5
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.94	4	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	3.39	7	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.94	4	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	3.39	7	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	4.82	12	0
Ache [description not available]	3.46	7	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	3.28	6	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	4.82	12	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	3.46	7	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.28	6	0
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	9.46	19	6
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	9.46	19	6
Prosthesis Durability [description not available]	13.52	124	12
Arteriovenous Malformations, Cerebral [description not available]	7.03	26	1
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect.	7.03	26	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	3.53	8	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	8.53	8	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	11.04	25	4
Breast Cancer [description not available]	3.76	11	0
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	3.76	11	0
Day Blindness [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Bone Fractures [description not available]	3.9	13	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	13.36	69	11
Pseudarthrosis A pathologic entity characterized by deossification of a weight-bearing long bone, followed by bending and pathologic fracture, with inability to form normal BONY CALLUS leading to existence of the false joint that gives the condition its name. (Dorland, 27th ed)	7.6	1	0
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	13.36	69	11
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	3.9	13	0
Femur Neck Fractures [description not available]	4.15	2	1
Fractures, Ununited A fracture in which union fails to occur, the ends of the bone becoming rounded and eburnated, and a false joint occurs. (Stedman, 25th ed)	4.09	3	1
Femoral Neck Fractures Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. It excludes intertrochanteric fractures which are HIP FRACTURES.	4.15	2	1
Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.	6.39	5	3
Injuries, Tendon [description not available]	5.82	4	2
Ankle Injuries Harm or hurt to the ankle or ankle joint usually inflicted by an external source.	3.83	2	1
Charcot's Joint [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Arthropathy, Neurogenic Chronic progressive degeneration of the stress-bearing portion of a joint, with bizarre hypertrophic changes at the periphery. It is probably a complication of a variety of neurologic disorders, particularly TABES DORSALIS, involving loss of sensation, which leads to relaxation of supporting structures and chronic instability of the joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.52	2	0
Infections, Prosthesis-Related [description not available]	3.98	12	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	3.65	10	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	3.34	7	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.65	10	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	3.34	7	0
Chronic Plantar Fasciitis [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Fasciitis, Plantar Inflammation of the plantar fascia (APONEUROSIS) on the bottom of the foot causing heel pain. The etiology of plantar fasciitis remains controversial but is likely to involve a biomechanical imbalance. Though often presenting along with HEEL SPUR, they do not appear to be causally related.	2.6	1	0
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	3.36	7	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	3.36	7	0
Aneurysm, Ruptured The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.	3.4	6	0
Capillary Telangiectasia, Brain [description not available]	7.98	31	0
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery [description not available]	4.07	14	0
C-C Fistula [description not available]	3.72	9	0
Intracranial Aneurysm Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (	4.07	14	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	6.14	32	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	6.14	32	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	3.82	4	0
Glomangioma [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Foreign-Body Migration Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body.	8.83	15	4
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	3.82	4	0
Neointima The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.	2.21	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	5.21	6	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	8.4	27	2
Hematoma, Subdural, Acute Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE with acute onset of neurological symptoms. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.	2.25	1	0
Degenerative Disc Disease [description not available]	6.61	9	2
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates.	6.61	9	2
Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE with delayed onset of neurological symptoms. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.	2.66	2	0
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	2.72	3	0
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	2.72	3	0
Spondylisthesis [description not available]	2.96	3	0
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm [description not available]	3.97	12	0
Endoleak Postoperative hemorrhage from an endovascular AORTIC ANEURYSM repaired with endoluminal placement of stent grafts (BLOOD VESSEL PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION). It is associated with pressurization, expansion, and eventual rupture of the aneurysm.	8.93	11	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.	3.97	12	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	4.39	4	1
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	4.39	4	1
Fusiform Aneurysm Elongated, spindle-shaped dilation in the wall of blood vessels, usually large ARTERIES with ATHEROSCLEROSIS.	3.33	6	0
Aneurysm Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.	3.33	6	0
Chondrosarcoma A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)	3.84	4	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	3.11	5	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	3.11	5	0
Morbid Obesity [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.	2.31	1	0
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	8.7	1	1
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	3.7	1	1
Aneurysm, False Not an aneurysm but a well-defined collection of blood and CONNECTIVE TISSUE outside the wall of a blood vessel or the heart. It is the containment of a ruptured blood vessel or heart, such as sealing a rupture of the left ventricle. False aneurysm is formed by organized THROMBUS and HEMATOMA in surrounding tissue.	2.59	2	0
Peripheral Arterial Diseases [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Intermittent Claudication A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.	2.31	1	0
Peripheral Arterial Disease Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.	2.31	1	0
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	3.57	3	0
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	8.57	3	0
Spinal Diseases Diseases involving the SPINE.	7.07	6	2
Brain Hemorrhage [description not available]	3.24	5	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	3.24	5	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	3.24	5	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	2.31	1	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	3.09	5	0
Iron Overload An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)	2.31	1	0
Intracranial Hemorrhages Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.	3.24	5	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	3.81	12	0
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	3.81	12	0
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	2.88	4	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	4.3	4	1
Arteriovenous Malformations Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the CAPILLARIES. They usually are crooked, dilated, and with thick vessel walls. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula. The lack of blood flow and oxygen in the capillaries can lead to tissue damage in the affected areas.	5.96	15	0
Stasis Ulcer [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	4.3	4	1
Varicose Ulcer Skin breakdown or ulceration in the drainage area of a VARICOSE VEIN, usually in the leg.	2.15	1	0
Brain Emboli [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Lordosis The anterior concavity in the curvature of the lumbar and cervical spine as viewed from the side. The term usually refers to abnormally increased curvature (hollow back, saddle back, swayback). It does not include lordosis as normal mating posture in certain animals ( = POSTURE + SEX BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL).	2.85	3	0
Sicca Syndrome [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Jaw, Edentulous, Partially Absence of teeth from a portion of the mandible and/or maxilla.	3.45	2	0
Sjogren's Syndrome Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.	3.06	1	0
Inferior Dislocation [description not available]	3.44	7	0
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.	7.61	14	1
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	2.82	3	0
Blood Loss, Surgical Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.	3.51	7	0
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	2.82	3	0
Spinal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE.	4.99	8	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	3.31	2	0
Aneurysm, Arteriovenous [description not available]	5.92	14	0
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic An elevated scar, resembling a KELOID, but which does not spread into surrounding tissues. It is formed by enlargement and overgrowth of cicatricial tissue and regresses spontaneously.	2.15	1	0
Surgical Incision [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Fractures, Periprosthetic [description not available]	3.05	4	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	3.53	1	1
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	3.53	1	1
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	2.39	2	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	3.1	5	0
Neoplasms, Skull [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	3.1	5	0
Segond Fracture [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA.	7.78	3	0
Atrioventricular Conduction Block [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).	2.45	2	0
Atrioventricular Block Impaired impulse conduction from HEART ATRIA to HEART VENTRICLES. AV block can mean delayed or completely blocked impulse conduction.	2.17	1	0
Coronary Vessel Anomalies Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coronary arteries; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; CORONARY ANEURYSM; MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING; and others.	2.17	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	3.94	4	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	4.36	20	0
Angle's Classification [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Malocclusion Such malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth as to interfere with the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)	3.56	1	1
Hip Dislocation Displacement of the femur bone from its normal position at the HIP JOINT.	3.23	5	0
Hypermobility, Joint [description not available]	6.89	9	1
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Arthropathies [description not available]	6.79	8	1
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS.	6.79	8	1
6th Nerve Palsy [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Femoral Fractures Fractures of the femur.	4.39	4	1
Intertrochanteric Fractures [description not available]	3.87	2	1
Hip Fractures Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).	3.87	2	1
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	7.17	1	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	2.17	1	0
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	2.82	3	0
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	2.82	3	0
Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	2.84	3	0
Dysphagia [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Palsy [description not available]	7.87	4	0
Cranial Nerve X Diseases [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Deglutition Disorders Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.	2.4	2	0
Paralysis A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)	7.87	4	0
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES.	4.52	5	0
Low Back Ache [description not available]	3.12	1	0
Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.	3.12	1	0
Bleeding [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	2.52	2	0
Aneurysm, Iliac [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	2.7	3	0
Varices [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	2.7	3	0
Varicose Veins Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.	2.41	2	0
Dysesthesia [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	4.78	7	1
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	4.78	7	1
Common Peroneal Nerve Entrapment [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Internal Popliteal Neuropathy [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Injuries, Mandibular [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Maxillary Neoplasms Cancer or tumors of the MAXILLA or upper jaw.	2.7	3	0
Mandibular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MANDIBLE.	2.87	4	0
Orphan Diseases Rare diseases that have not been well studied.	2.08	1	0
Atypical Cluster Headache [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Aortic Aneurysm, Ruptured [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Aneurysm, Bacterial [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Macrocephaly [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Child Development Deviations [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba Syndrome [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Developmental Disabilities Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)	2.08	1	0
Hamartoma Syndrome, Multiple A hereditary disease characterized by multiple ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal nevoid and neoplastic anomalies. Facial trichilemmomas and papillomatous papules of the oral mucosa are the most characteristic lesions. Individuals with this syndrome have a high risk of BREAST CANCER; THYROID CANCER; and ENDOMETRIAL CANCER. This syndrome is associated with mutations in the gene for PTEN PHOSPHATASE.	2.08	1	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	2.86	4	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	2.86	4	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	8.24	6	0
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Hemangiopericytoma A tumor composed of spindle cells with a rich vascular network, which apparently arises from pericytes, cells of smooth muscle origin that lie around small vessels. Benign and malignant hemangiopericytomas exist, and the rarity of these lesions has led to considerable confusion in distinguishing between benign and malignant variants. (From Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1364)	3.7	3	0
Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.	2.4	2	0
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	2.1	1	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	3.38	7	0
Choroid Neoplasms Tumors of the choroid; most common intraocular tumors are malignant melanomas of the choroid. These usually occur after puberty and increase in incidence with advancing age. Most malignant melanomas of the uveal tract develop from benign melanomas (nevi).	3.28	6	0
Sclera Diseases [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Neoplasm Seeding The local implantation of tumor cells by contamination of instruments and surgical equipment during and after surgical resection, resulting in local growth of the cells and tumor formation.	2.08	1	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	3.38	7	0
Epidural Neoplasm, Malignant [description not available]	2.08	1	0
A-V Dissociation [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Drug Abuse, Intravenous [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Bacterial Endocarditides [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Endocarditis, Bacterial Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.	2.08	1	0
Epileptiform Neuralgia [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Trigeminal Neuralgia A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187)	2.1	1	0
Congenital Dysplasia Of The Hip [description not available]	4.83	7	1
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	4.67	11	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	4.67	11	0
Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	2.1	1	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	2.65	3	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	2.1	1	0
Craniocerebral Injuries [description not available]	8.04	5	0
Craniocerebral Trauma Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.	3.04	5	0
Inguinal Hernia [description not available]	3.72	11	0
Hernia, Inguinal An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.	3.72	11	0
Brain Damage, Chronic A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.	1.93	1	0
Greater Tuberosity Fractures [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	7.91	28	1
Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.	2.69	3	0
Myelopathy [description not available]	3.43	2	0
Spinal Cord Diseases Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.	3.43	2	0
Chemodectoma [description not available]	3.4	2	0
Blood Vessel Tumors [description not available]	3.01	1	0
Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.	2.1	1	0
Colloid Cysts Benign, congenital, neuroepithelial cysts that are typically filled with a viscous mucus. They usually arise in the anterior portion of the THIRD VENTRICLE between the fornices.	2.11	1	0
Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Aseptic Necrosis of Bone [description not available]	5.41	7	2
Osteonecrosis Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic.	5.41	7	2
Complication, Intraoperative [description not available]	2.99	4	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Central Nervous System Neoplasm [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Central Nervous System Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.	2.11	1	0
Coxarthrosis [description not available]	8.86	12	7
Osteoarthritis, Hip Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the hip joint which usually appears in late middle or old age. It is characterized by growth or maturational disturbances in the femoral neck and head, as well as acetabular dysplasia. A dominant symptom is pain on weight-bearing or motion.	8.86	12	7
Polyarthritis [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	2.43	2	0
Leg Length Inequality A condition in which one of a pair of legs fails to grow as long as the other, which could result from injury or surgery.	2.49	2	0
Brachial Paresis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Facial Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE.	2.66	3	0
Cerebrovascular Moyamoya Disease [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Choked Disk [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Cranial Sinus Thrombosis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Papilledema Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)	2.13	1	0
Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Wounds, Gunshot Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms.	2.64	3	0
Facial Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face.	3.6	3	0
Aura [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	2.11	1	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	4.7	6	1
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	4.7	6	1
Paraganglioma, Gangliocytic [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Neoplasms, Skull Base [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Paraganglioma A neural crest tumor usually derived from the chromoreceptor tissue of a paraganglion, such as the carotid body, or medulla of the adrenal gland (usually called a chromaffinoma or pheochromocytoma). It is more common in women than in men. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	2.13	1	0
Albright Syndrome [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Angioblastic Meningioma [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Gray Platelet Syndrome A rare, inherited platelet disorder characterized by a selective deficiency in the number and contents of platelet alpha-granules. It is associated with THROMBOCYTOPENIA, enlarged platelets, and prolonged bleeding time.	2.13	1	0
Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE affecting several bones. When melanotic pigmentation (CAFE-AU-LAIT SPOTS) and multiple endocrine hyperfunction are additionally associated it is referred to as Albright syndrome.	2.13	1	0
Meningioma A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)	2.88	4	0
Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Colicky Pain [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	2.13	1	0
Blood Clot [description not available]	5.44	15	1
Antidiuretic Hormone, Inappropriate Secretion [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Inappropriate ADH Syndrome A condition of HYPONATREMIA and renal salt loss attributed to overexpansion of BODY FLUIDS resulting from sustained release of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONES which stimulates renal resorption of water. It is characterized by normal KIDNEY function, high urine OSMOLALITY, low serum osmolality, and neurological dysfunction. Etiologies include ADH-producing neoplasms, injuries or diseases involving the HYPOTHALAMUS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the LUNG. This syndrome can also be drug-induced.	2.54	2	0
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	5.44	15	1
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	2.13	1	0
Chondromalacia Softening and degeneration of the CARTILAGE.	2.13	1	0
Cartilage Diseases Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).	2.13	1	0
Angiomyolipoma A benign tumor containing vascular, adipose, and muscle elements. It occurs most often in the kidney with smooth muscle elements (angiolipoleiomyoma) in association with tuberous sclerosis. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.13	1	0
Cervical Spondylosis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Spondylosis A degenerative spinal disease that can involve any part of the VERTEBRA, the INTERVERTEBRAL DISK, and the surrounding soft tissue.	2.13	1	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	2.39	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	2.13	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Esophageal Varices [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Esophageal and Gastric Varices Dilated blood vessels in the ESOPHAGUS or GASTRIC FUNDUS that shunt blood from the portal circulation (PORTAL SYSTEM) to the systemic venous circulation. Often they are observed in individuals with portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL).	2.66	3	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.	2.13	1	0
Glioblastoma with Sarcomatous Component [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Gliosarcoma Rare mixed tumors of the brain and rarely the spinal cord which contain malignant neuroectodermal (glial) and mesenchymal components, including spindle-shaped fibrosarcoma cells. These tumors are highly aggressive and present primarily in adults as rapidly expanding mass lesions. They may arise in tissue that has been previously irradiated. (From Br J Neurosurg 1995 Apr;9(2):171-8)	2.13	1	0
Vascular Injuries [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.4	2	0
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	4.73	2	1
Coronary Thrombosis Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	5	3	1
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	5.53	6	1
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	4.73	2	1
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	5.53	6	1
Coronary Restenosis Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.	6.43	3	1
Anoxemia [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Embolism, Pulmonary [description not available]	3.34	7	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	2.15	1	0
Pulmonary Embolism Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.	3.34	7	0
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Bone Malalignment Displacement of bones out of line in relation to joints. It may be congenital or traumatic in origin.	2.96	4	0
Abscess, Hepatic [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	2.34	2	0
Liver Abscess Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.	1.92	1	0
Facial Palsy [description not available]	8.32	7	0
Ventral Hernia [description not available]	4.92	39	0
Hernia, Ventral A hernia caused by weakness of the anterior ABDOMINAL WALL due to midline defects, previous incisions, or increased intra-abdominal pressure. Ventral hernias include UMBILICAL HERNIA, incisional, epigastric, and spigelian hernias.	4.92	39	0
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	1.92	1	0
Enterocele An intestinal HERNIA.	4.53	26	0
Hernia Protrusion of tissue, structure, or part of an organ through the bone, muscular tissue, or the membrane by which it is normally contained. Hernia may involve tissues such as the ABDOMINAL WALL or the respiratory DIAPHRAGM. Hernias may be internal, external, congenital, or acquired.	4.53	26	0
Jaw Fractures Fractures of the upper or lower jaw.	1.92	1	0
Fracture, Pathologic [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Fractures, Compound [description not available]	3.77	2	1
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.68	3	0
Injuries, Knee [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Knee Injuries Injuries to the knee or the knee joint.	2.05	1	0
Giant Cell Tumor of Bone A bone tumor composed of cellular spindle-cell stroma containing scattered multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoclasts. The tumors range from benign to frankly malignant lesions. The tumor occurs most frequently in an end of a long tubular bone in young adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	2.05	1	0
Joint Pain [description not available]	4.37	4	1
Arthralgia Pain in the joint.	4.37	4	1
Hallucination of Body Sensation [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Hallucinations Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.	2.05	1	0
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	2.05	1	0
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	2.05	1	0
Urinary Incontinence, Stress Involuntary discharge of URINE as a result of physical activities that increase abdominal pressure on the URINARY BLADDER without detrusor contraction or overdistended bladder. The subtypes are classified by the degree of leakage, descent and opening of the bladder neck and URETHRA without bladder contraction, and sphincter deficiency.	1.92	1	0
Urinary Incontinence Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.	1.92	1	0
Cancer of Jaw [description not available]	3.25	2	0
Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.	4.73	7	1
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	2.43	2	0
Cyst [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Cranial Airocele [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Multiple Hemangioblastomas [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Benign Cerebellar Neoplasms [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Hemangioblastoma A benign tumor of the nervous system that may occur sporadically or in association with VON HIPPEL-LINDAU DISEASE. It accounts for approximately 2% of intracranial tumors, arising most frequently in the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis. Histologically, the tumors are composed of multiple capillary and sinusoidal channels lined with endothelial cells and clusters of lipid-laden pseudoxanthoma cells. Usually solitary, these tumors can be multiple and may also occur in the brain stem, spinal cord, retina, and supratentorial compartment. Cerebellar hemangioblastomas usually present in the third decade with INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION, and ataxia. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2071-2)	2.06	1	0
Temporomandibular Disorders [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Mandibular Retroposition [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	2.68	3	0
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)	2.45	2	0
Root Resorption Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.45	1	1
Dental Leakage The seepage of fluids, debris, and micro-organisms between the walls of a prepared dental cavity and the restoration.	3.45	1	1
Glenoid Labral Tears [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Rotator Cuff Injuries Injuries to the ROTATOR CUFF of the shoulder joint.	2.06	1	0
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Angiofibroma A benign neoplasm of fibrous tissue in which there are numerous small and large, frequently dilated, vascular channels. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.06	1	0
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	2.06	1	0
Uveal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UVEA.	2.72	3	0
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	2.48	2	0
Arterial Brain Diseases [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Dissecting Vertebral Artery Aneurysm [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Mandibular Fractures Fractures of the lower jaw.	2.89	4	0
Vascular Fistula An abnormal passage between two or more BLOOD VESSELS, between ARTERIES; VEINS; or between an artery and a vein.	2.07	1	0
Disc, Herniated [description not available]	5.61	6	3
Intervertebral Disc Displacement An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.	5.61	6	3
Nerve Root Avulsion [description not available]	4.37	4	1
Radiculopathy Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.	4.37	4	1
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	4.38	8	0
Cutis Elastica [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available]	3.34	2	0
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome A heterogeneous group of autosomally inherited COLLAGEN DISEASES caused by defects in the synthesis or structure of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are numerous subtypes: classical, hypermobility, vascular, and others. Common clinical features include hyperextensible skin and joints, skin fragility and reduced wound healing capability.	2.08	1	0
Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)	3.34	2	0
Nasal Bleeding [description not available]	2.99	1	0
Epistaxis Bleeding from the nose.	2.99	1	0
Blood Loss, Postoperative [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Sinus Infections [description not available]	3.75	2	1
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	3.75	2	1
Inadequate Velopharyngeal Closure [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Acquired Vocal Cord Palsy [description not available]	3.75	2	1
Vocal Cord Paralysis Congenital or acquired paralysis of one or both VOCAL CORDS. This condition is caused by defects in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, the VAGUS NERVE and branches of LARYNGEAL NERVES. Common symptoms are VOICE DISORDERS including HOARSENESS or APHONIA.	8.75	2	1
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available]	4.15	6	0
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.	4.15	6	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	4.47	9	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	4.47	9	0
Acquired Laryngeal Stenosis [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Thoracic Diseases Disorders affecting the organs of the thorax.	3.76	4	0
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	2.33	2	0
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Acquired Encephalocele [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Thoracic Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.	2.34	2	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Diaphragmatic Hernia [description not available]	2.62	3	0
Diaphragmatic Hernia, Traumatic [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.	2.34	2	0
Cornea Injuries [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Corneal Injuries Damage or trauma inflicted to the CORNEA by external means.	1.93	1	0
Femoral Hernia [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Respiration Disorders Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.	2.84	4	0
Abdominal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.	2.85	4	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	7.34	2	0
Iris Neoplasms Tumors of the iris characterized by increased pigmentation of melanocytes. Iris nevi are composed of proliferated melanocytes and are associated with neurofibromatosis and malignant melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body. Malignant melanoma of the iris often originates from preexisting nevi.	2.36	2	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	4.73	12	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	2.34	2	0
Adamantinoma A locally aggressive, osteolytic neoplasm of the long bones, probably of epithelial origin and most often involving the TIBIA.	6.93	1	0
Dentigerous Cyst Most common follicular odontogenic cyst. Occurs in relation to a partially erupted or unerupted tooth with at least the crown of the tooth to which the cyst is attached protruding into the cystic cavity. May give rise to an ameloblastoma and, in rare instances, undergo malignant transformation.	1.93	1	0
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available]	3.04	5	0
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.	1.93	1	0
Prolapse The protrusion of an organ or part of an organ into a natural or artificial orifice.	6.93	1	0
Anorectal Diseases [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Rectal Diseases Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	1.93	1	0
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.	1.93	1	0
Ozena [description not available]	2.84	4	0
Rhinitis, Atrophic A chronic inflammation in which the NASAL MUCOSA gradually changes from a functional to a non-functional lining without mucociliary clearance. It is often accompanied by degradation of the bony TURBINATES, and the foul-smelling mucus which forms a greenish crust (ozena).	2.84	4	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	3.34	7	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	1.93	1	0
Abdominal Hernia [description not available]	7.85	4	0
Exomphalos [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Hernia, Umbilical A HERNIA due to an imperfect closure or weakness of the umbilical ring. It appears as a skin-covered protrusion at the UMBILICUS during crying, coughing, or straining. The hernia generally consists of OMENTUM or SMALL INTESTINE. The vast majority of umbilical hernias are congenital but can be acquired due to severe abdominal distention.	2.34	2	0
Cancer of the Vulva [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Vulvar Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the VULVA.	2.34	2	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	3.81	12	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	3.81	12	0
Esophageal Hernia [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Cancer of Larynx [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Laryngeal Neoplasms Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.	2.86	4	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.34	2	0
Deafness, Transitory [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Deaf Mutism [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Otospongiosis [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Deafness A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.	1.93	1	0
Otosclerosis Formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth capsule which can progress toward the STAPES (stapedial fixation) or anteriorly toward the COCHLEA leading to conductive, sensorineural, or mixed HEARING LOSS. Several genes are associated with familial otosclerosis with varied clinical signs.	2.64	3	0
Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.	1.93	1	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Hydrothorax A collection of watery fluid in the pleural cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.93	1	0
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	1.93	1	0
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	1.93	1	0
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	1.93	1	0
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.	2.64	3	0
Dehiscence, Surgical Wound [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.	2.64	3	0
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	1.94	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	3.45	8	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	3.45	8	0
Ankylosis Fixation and immobility of a joint.	1.94	1	0
Cleft Palate, Isolated [description not available]	3.33	7	0
Aprosodia [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Cleft Palate Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.	3.33	7	0
Coagulation Disorders, Blood [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.	1.94	1	0
Bladder Diseases [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Cystocele A HERNIA-like condition in which the weakened pelvic muscles cause the URINARY BLADDER to drop from its normal position. Fallen urinary bladder is more common in females with the bladder dropping into the VAGINA and less common in males with the bladder dropping into the SCROTUM.	6.93	1	0
Vaginal Diseases Pathological processes of the VAGINA.	1.93	1	0
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	1.93	1	0
Cancer of Lip [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	2.63	3	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	2.63	3	0
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	3.04	5	0
Cancer of the Tongue [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Tongue Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.	2.63	3	0
Osteophytosis, Spinal [description not available]	3.4	1	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	4.58	10	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.	2.87	4	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	4.58	10	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	2.01	1	0
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	6.92	1	0
Granulomas [description not available]	2.85	4	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	7.85	4	0
Bone Inflammation [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Fistula Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.	7.62	3	0
Oral Fistula An abnormal passage within the mouth communicating between two or more anatomical structures.	6.92	1	0
Chest Injuries [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Acquired Meningocele [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	2.34	2	0
Tracheal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the TRACHEA.	1.93	1	0
Graft Occlusion, Vascular Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.	5.86	5	1
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	2.91	4	0
Mucocele A retention cyst of the salivary gland, lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, appendix, or gallbladder. (Stedman, 26th ed)	6.92	1	0
Hernia, Obturator A pelvic hernia through the obturator foramen, a large aperture in the hip bone normally covered by a membrane. Obturator hernia can lead to intestinal incarceration and INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION.	1.92	1	0
Angle Class II [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Angioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated.	7.03	1	0
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Hemangioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000)	7.03	1	0
Retinal Detachment Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).	2.03	1	0
Coronary Artery Stenosis [description not available]	2.95	1	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	2.95	1	0
Coronary Stenosis Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.	2.95	1	0
Craniofacial Abnormalities Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.	1.92	1	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	2.38	2	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	2.04	1	0
Hand Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the hand.	1.94	1	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.35	2	0
Foreign-Body Reaction Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.	5.22	12	0
Laryngeal Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing.	2.64	3	0
Tracheal Diseases Diseases involving the TRACHEA.	2.87	4	0
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.	1.96	1	0
Diplopia A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE.	2.38	2	0
Linear Skull Fracture [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Blow Out Fracture [description not available]	7.37	2	0
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	8.53	19	3
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	8.53	19	3
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	3.27	2	0
Harelip [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Cleft Lip Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region.	3.05	5	0
Facial Asymmetry Congenital or acquired asymmetry of the face.	3.29	2	0
Jaw, Edentulous The total absence of teeth from either the mandible or the maxilla, but not both. Total absence of teeth from both is MOUTH, EDENTULOUS. Partial absence of teeth in either is JAW, EDENTULOUS, PARTIALLY.	1.96	1	0
Pink Eye [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Pus [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.	1.96	1	0
Aortic Incompetence [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Aortic Valve Insufficiency Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root).	1.96	1	0
Brain Abscess A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)	2.35	2	0
Hives [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.	7.37	2	0
Astrocytosis [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Enlarged Spleen [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	3.05	5	0
Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.	2.4	2	0
Superior Vena Cava Obstruction [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2.87	4	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	2.39	2	0
Renal Artery Stenosis [description not available]	3.28	2	0
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	3.31	2	0
Renal Artery Obstruction Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).	3.28	2	0
Acrocephaly Premature closing of the lambdoid and coronal sutures.	3.3	2	0
Craniosynostoses Premature closure of one or more CRANIAL SUTURES. It often results in plagiocephaly. Craniosynostoses that involve multiple sutures are sometimes associated with congenital syndromes such as ACROCEPHALOSYNDACTYLIA; and CRANIOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS.	3.3	2	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	2.68	3	0
Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.	1.99	1	0
Bronchial Diseases Diseases involving the BRONCHI.	3.34	7	0
Aneurysm, Aortic [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Aortic Aneurysm An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.	1.99	1	0
Angor Pectoris [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.	1.99	1	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	3.32	2	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	3.32	2	0
ACL Injuries [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.	2.87	4	0
Neoplasms, Bronchial [description not available]	3.05	5	0
Bronchial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BRONCHI.	3.05	5	0
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	2.39	2	0
Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.	3.39	1	1
Colles' Fracture Fracture of the lower end of the radius in which the lower fragment is displaced posteriorly.	3.39	1	1
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	2	1	0
Hemiplegia, Crossed [description not available]	2	1	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	2	1	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2	1	0
Hemiplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.	2	1	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	2	1	0
Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS.	2	1	0
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	2.92	1	0
Cardiac Septal Defect [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Tracheal Stenosis A pathological narrowing of the TRACHEA.	3.82	12	0
Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.	1.95	1	0
Gingival Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus not accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment.	2.36	2	0
Gingivitis Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.	1.95	1	0
Craniofacial Dysarthrosis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Emphysema A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.	1.95	1	0
Fractures, Closed Fractures in which the break in bone is not accompanied by an external wound.	1.95	1	0
Suffocation [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Asphyxia A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.	1.95	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	2.66	3	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	1.95	1	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	1.95	1	0
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	2.64	3	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Hematuria Presence of blood in the urine.	1.95	1	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.35	2	0
Genital Diseases, Male Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).	1.95	1	0
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	1.95	1	0
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	1.95	1	0
Cancer of the Ureter [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Ureteral Neoplasms Cancer or tumors of the URETER which may cause obstruction leading to hydroureter, HYDRONEPHROSIS, and PYELONEPHRITIS. HEMATURIA is a common symptom.	1.95	1	0
Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.64	3	0
Urethritis Inflammation involving the URETHRA. Similar to CYSTITIS, clinical symptoms range from vague discomfort to painful urination (DYSURIA), urethral discharge, or both.	2.35	2	0
Postgastrectomy Syndromes Sequelae of gastrectomy from the second week after operation on. Include recurrent or anastomotic ulcer, postprandial syndromes (DUMPING SYNDROME and late postprandial hypoglycemia), disordered bowel action, and nutritional deficiencies.	1.95	1	0
Cancer of Eye [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Caries, Dental [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Mucositis, Oral [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Asialia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	1.95	1	0
Osteoradionecrosis Necrosis of bone following radiation injury.	1.95	1	0
Stomatitis INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.	1.95	1	0
Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow.	1.95	1	0
Atelectasis [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Zygomatic Fractures Fractures of the zygoma.	1.95	1	0
Carcinoma, Bronchial [description not available]	3.55	3	0
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic Malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelium of the BRONCHI. It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA.	3.55	3	0
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	2.35	2	0
Breathlessness [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Bagassosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhaled dust from processing SUGARCANE (bagasse), usually in the manufacturing of wallboard.	3.34	7	0
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	2.35	2	0
Pneumoconiosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population.	3.34	7	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	1.95	1	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Centriacinar Emphysema [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Cor Pulmonale [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	1.95	1	0
Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea.	1.95	1	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	1.95	1	0
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary Sarcoidosis affecting predominantly the lungs, the site most frequently involved and most commonly causing morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by sharply circumscribed granulomas in the alveolar, bronchial, and vascular walls, composed of tightly packed cells derived from the mononuclear phagocyte system. The clinical symptoms when present are dyspnea upon exertion, nonproductive cough, and wheezing. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p431)	1.98	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	1.98	1	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	1.98	1	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	1.98	1	0
Amputation, Traumatic Loss of a limb or other bodily appendage by accidental injury.	1.98	1	0
Injuries, Wrist [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Finger Injuries General or unspecified injuries involving the fingers.	1.97	1	0
Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.	1.97	1	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	2.87	4	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	1.97	1	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	1.97	1	0
Anasarca [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	1.94	1	0
Esophagitis INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.	6.94	1	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Cancer of the Tonsil [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	1.94	1	0
Tonsillar Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PALATINE TONSIL.	1.94	1	0
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)	1.95	1	0
Orbital Neoplasms Neoplasms of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.	1.95	1	0
Fibromatosis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Fibroma A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.	1.94	1	0
Cranial Nerve VII Injuries [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	1.95	1	0
Cystic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Kidney Diseases, Cystic A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC).	2.86	1	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	1.94	1	0
Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.	1.95	1	0
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	1.95	1	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Sarcoma 37 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	1.95	1	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	1.95	1	0
Tracheitis INFLAMMATION of the TRACHEA that is usually associated with RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS.	1.95	1	0
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	1.95	1	0
Ear Diseases Pathological processes of the ear, the hearing, and the equilibrium system of the body.	1.95	1	0
Bronchospasm [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Bronchial Spasm Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.	1.95	1	0
ENT Diseases [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Cancer of Pharynx [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Pharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX.	1.95	1	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	1.95	1	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Pregnancy, Tubal The most common (	1.94	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	2.64	3	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2.35	2	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Pachymeningitis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)	1.95	1	0
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	1.95	1	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.	1.95	1	0
Cholecystoduodenal Fistula [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Infarct [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Injuries, Leg [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	1.95	1	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	6.95	1	0
Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.	2.35	2	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	2.64	3	0
Equine Diseases [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	2.86	1	0
Bronchial Fistula An abnormal passage or communication between a bronchus and another part of the body.	2.86	1	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	2.86	1	0
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Vesicoureteral Reflux [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Cleft Spine [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Epispadias A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is above its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the top or the side of the PENIS, but the urethra can also be open the entire length of the penis. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is often between the CLITORIS and the labia, or in the ABDOMEN.	1.94	1	0
Ureteral Diseases Pathological processes involving the URETERS.	1.94	1	0
Abnormalities, Urogenital [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.	1.94	1	0
Vesico-Ureteral Reflux Retrograde flow of urine from the URINARY BLADDER into the URETER. This is often due to incompetence of the vesicoureteral valve leading to ascending bacterial infection into the KIDNEY.	2.35	2	0
Cancer of Pelvis [description not available]	2.35	2	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.94	1	0
Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.	1.94	1	0
Diseases of Pharynx [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Amaurosis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.	1.94	1	0
Muscle Spasm [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.	1.94	1	0
Leukokeratosis Leukoplakic lesions related to abnormal keratin fiber formation.	1.94	1	0
Intestinal Perforation Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.	1.94	1	0
Leukoplakia A white patch lesion found on a MUCOUS MEMBRANE that cannot be scraped off. Leukoplakia is generally considered a precancerous condition, however its appearance may also result from a variety of HEREDITARY DISEASES.	1.94	1	0
Injuries, Maxillofacial [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Maxillary Diseases Diseases involving the MAXILLA.	1.94	1	0
Maxillary Fractures Fractures of the upper jaw.	1.94	1	0
Mouth, Edentulous Total lack of teeth through disease or extraction.	1.94	1	0
Jaw Diseases Diseases involving the JAW.	1.94	1	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	2.34	2	0
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Congenital Familial Lymphedema [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	1.94	1	0
Lymphedema Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes.	1.94	1	0
Esophageal Diseases Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS.	1.94	1	0
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Diphtheria A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects.	1.94	1	0
Respiratory Tract Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	1.94	1	0
Neuritis A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.	1.94	1	0
Cancer of Nose [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Fallot's Tetralogy [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Bouillaud Disease [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Ebstein Anomaly A congenital heart defect characterized by downward or apical displacement of the TRICUSPID VALVE, usually with the septal and posterior leaflets being attached to the wall of the RIGHT VENTRICLE. It is characterized by a huge RIGHT ATRIUM and a small and less effective right ventricle.	1.94	1	0
Rheumatic Heart Disease Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM.	1.94	1	0
Tetralogy of Fallot A combination of congenital heart defects consisting of four key features including VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS; PULMONARY STENOSIS; RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; and a dextro-positioned AORTA. In this condition, blood from both ventricles (oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor) is pumped into the body often causing CYANOSIS.	1.94	1	0
Nasal Diseases [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	1.94	1	0
Hydrosyringomyelia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Arnold-Chiari Deformity [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Hematoma, Subdural Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE between the DURA MATER and the arachnoidal layer of the MENINGES. This condition primarily occurs over the surface of a CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, but may develop in the spinal canal (HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL, SPINAL). Subdural hematoma can be classified as the acute or the chronic form, with immediate or delayed symptom onset, respectively. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.	1.94	1	0

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tantalum

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (654)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (1 Product(s))

Product Categories

Products

Drug Classes (1)

Research

Studies (2,140)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 64.89

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