Page last updated: 2024-12-05

perfluoropentane

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Perfluoropentane is a colorless, odorless, and non-flammable liquid with the chemical formula C5F12. It is a highly fluorinated alkane that is synthesized by the electrochemical fluorination of pentane. Perfluoropentane is known for its exceptional chemical inertness, low surface tension, and high dielectric strength. Its unique properties make it an important component in various applications, including electronics, medicine, and materials science. In electronics, it is used as a dielectric fluid in high-voltage capacitors and as a cleaning agent for electronic components. In medicine, it is used as an ultrasound contrast agent and as a carrier for drug delivery. Perfluoropentane is studied for its potential use in a range of applications, including fire suppression, heat transfer fluids, and as a component in advanced materials.'

perfluoropentane: inert expander of tissue spaces, liquid at room temperature, but gaseous at body temperatures; used in experimental eye surgery; structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

perfluoropentane : A fluorocarbon that is pentane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID12675
CHEMBL ID1899801
CHEBI ID39428
SCHEMBL ID33962

Synonyms (54)

Synonym
perflenapent [usan:inn]
4-01-00-00308 (beilstein handbook reference)
flutec pp 50
fluorinert fc 87
nvx 108
unii-483au1y5cz
fc 4112
fluorinert pf 5050
483au1y5cz ,
pentane, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-dodecafluoro-
fc 87
perflenapent [usan]
perfuoro-n-pentane
brn 1712388
r 41(12)
flutec pp50
einecs 211-647-5
perfluoropentane
perflenapent (usan/inn)
D05436
678-26-2
pentane, dodecafluoro-
inchi=1/c5f12/c6-1(7,2(8,9)4(12,13)14)3(10,11)5(15,16)1
dodecafluoropentane
MOLI000988
perflenapentum
perfluoro-n-pentane
perflenapent
n-perfluoropentane
nvx-108
CHEBI:39428 ,
NCGC00167420-01
1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-dodecafluoropentane
1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-dodecakis(fluoranyl)pentane
A835897
cas-678-26-2
tox21_112424
dtxcid1026613
dtxsid3046613 ,
CHEMBL1899801
perflenapent [mart.]
perflenapent [who-dd]
dodecafluoropentane [ema epar]
perflenapent [inn]
AKOS025310445
SCHEMBL33962
1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-dodecafluoropentane #
W-109591
mfcd00042081
perfluoropentane; dodecafluoropentane
dodecafluoro-pentane
DB11625
Q7168152
perfluoropentane 99%

Research Excerpts

Effects

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Perfluoropentane (PFP) has the ability to carry oxygen and to enhance ultrasound or photoacoustic imaging after vaporization."( Dual-mode imaging and therapeutic effects of drug-loaded phase-transition nanoparticles combined with near-infrared laser and low-intensity ultrasound on ovarian cancer.
Chang, S; Chen, C; Chen, S; Hao, L; Liu, Y; Sun, J; Wang, Z; Xiao, L; Xie, W; Zhu, S; Zhu, Y, 2018
)
1.2

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Adverse event rates were monitored following administration of perflenapent emulsion in 743 patients and placebo in 151 patients."( Safety assessment of the use of perflenapent emulsion for contrast enhancement of echocardiography and diagnostic radiology ultrasound studies.
Eisenfeld, AJ; Quay, SC, 1997
)
0.3
"6%) in the overall incidence of adverse events considered related to the test article."( Safety assessment of the use of perflenapent emulsion for contrast enhancement of echocardiography and diagnostic radiology ultrasound studies.
Eisenfeld, AJ; Quay, SC, 1997
)
0.3
" In >1000 patients tested, adverse effects have been minimal."( Safety assessment of perflenapent emulsion for echocardiographic contrast enhancement in patients with congestive heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Kitzman, DW; Wesley, DJ, 2000
)
0.31
" The adverse effects were assessed immediately, 24 hours and 7 days after Echogen."( [Safety and efficiency of Echogen. Transthoracic echocardiography study].
Espinola-Zavaleta, N; Roldán-Gómez, J; Romero-Cárdenas, A; Vargas-Barrón, J; Yánac-Chávez, P,
)
0.13

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Compared with PTX or other nanoparticles, PIO_NPs combined with laser and ultrasound (L."( Dual-mode imaging and therapeutic effects of drug-loaded phase-transition nanoparticles combined with near-infrared laser and low-intensity ultrasound on ovarian cancer.
Chang, S; Chen, C; Chen, S; Hao, L; Liu, Y; Sun, J; Wang, Z; Xiao, L; Xie, W; Zhu, S; Zhu, Y, 2018
)
0.48

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019
)
0.51

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Finally, Doppler shifts from a cuff transducer around the celiac trunk were analyzed to provide an in vivo dose-response curve."( Parenchymal enhancement and tumor visualization using a new sonographic contrast agent.
Forsberg, F; Goldberg, BB; Liu, JB; Merton, DA; Rawool, NM, 1995
)
0.29
" Intravenous DDFPe dosing (2 % w/v emulsion) began at 60 min and repeated every 90 min until sacrifice at 7 or 24 h post-embolization."( Progress in dodecafluoropentane emulsion as a neuroprotective agent in a rabbit stroke model.
Borrelli, MJ; Brown, AT; Culp, WC; Lay, JO; Lowery, JD; Ricca, AM; Skinner, RD; Woods, SD, 2013
)
0.39
"3 ml/kg, 2 % emulsion) IV dosing began at 1 h and continued at 90 min intervals for 6 doses in one test group; the other received saline injections."( Dodecafluoropentane Emulsion Extends Window for tPA Therapy in a Rabbit Stroke Model.
Arthur, MC; Brown, AT; Culp, WC; Lowery, JD; Roberson, PK; Skinner, RD, 2015
)
0.42
" This study investigated shortened dosage schedules of DDFPe in nonstandard posterior (NSTND) strokes following occlusions of the posterior cerebral arteries."( Dodecafluoropentane Improves Neurological Function Following Anterior Ischemic Stroke.
Arthur, MC; Brown, A; Carlson, K; Culp, WC; Lowery, J; Skinner, RD, 2017
)
0.46
" We describe DDFP distribution in brain, kidney, liver, spleen, and lung following nine dosing regimens in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits."( Tissue Concentration of Dodecafluoropentane (DDFP) Following Repeated IV Administration in the New Zealand White Rabbit.
Arthur, C; Borrelli, M; Brown, A; Culp, W; Hendrickson, H; Skinner, R; Song, L, 2017
)
0.46
"Dodecafluoropentane aerification could achieve better mucosal lift with lower dosage (1% of normal saline dosage)."( Thermoresponsive aerification and tissue vacuolization for facilitating endoscopic submucosal resection.
Chen, Y; Fan, Z; Liu, L; Liu, W; Wang, K; Wang, M; Wang, X; Zhao, L, 2018
)
0.48
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
radioopaque mediumA substance having the property of absorbing, and therefore being opaque to, electromagnetic radiation, particularly X-rays.
ultrasound contrast agentnull
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
fluoroalkaneA haloalkane that is an alkane in which at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced by a fluorine atom.
fluorocarbonCompounds consisting wholly of fluorine and carbon.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (1)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Spike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusPotency39.81070.009610.525035.4813AID1479145
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Ceullar Components (1)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
virion membraneSpike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (4)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID504749qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation2011Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043
Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (171)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19901 (0.58)18.7374
1990's33 (19.30)18.2507
2000's24 (14.04)29.6817
2010's92 (53.80)24.3611
2020's21 (12.28)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 30.93

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index30.93 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.24 (2.92)
Research Growth Index6.50 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index39.34 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (30.93)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials12 (6.82%)5.53%
Reviews8 (4.55%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other156 (88.64%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]